Behavioral Science and the Law
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the intersection of behavioral science and legal systems, examining how psychological theories and research inform and influence legal processes, practices, and policies. Students will study topics such as the reliability of eyewitness testimony, competency and insanity defenses, jury decision-making, risk assessment, interrogation techniques, and the treatment of offenders. Emphasizing an evidence-based approach, the course also considers ethical challenges and the impact of cultural, social, and cognitive factors on both criminal and civil law proceedings. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will gain a nuanced understanding of how human behavior shapes and is shaped by the law.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 11th Edition Curt R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Dr.Brown is a developmental criminologist.Dr.Brown's research most likely examines
A) demographic features of offenders who participate in burglary.
B) how violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior.
C) the unequal power distribution among members of society.
D) when robberies most frequently occur.
Answer: B
Q2) According to the authors,our inability to prevent crime is largely due to the A) declining interest in the field of criminology.
B) lack of available research funding.
C) complexity of the issue.
D) difficulty in defining relevant terms.
Answer: C
Q3) Strain theory originated in the work of sociologist ________.
Answer: Robert K.Merton
Q4) In general,individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the "true" criminal population.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Q1) The developmental perspective views the life course of all humans as following a ________ that may be littered with risk factors.
Answer: path; or trajectory
Q2) Which of the following is central to the cumulative risk model?
A) Socioeconomic status
B) The past criminal behavior of the primary caregiver
C) Family size
D) The number of risk factors
Answer: D
Q3) Sam and Alex are parents who see an unusually large number of minor problems in their children as problematic,and then resort to authoritarian strategies to deal with the problems.Sam and Alex are examples of the
A) authoritarian approach.
B) authoritative style.
C) enmeshed style.
D) permissive approach.
Answer: C
Q4) The leading psychological diagnosis for American children is ________.
Answer: ADHD
4
Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Q1) One of the most comprehensive studies on the effects of malnutrition on child development ever undertaken is called the
A) Barbados Nutrition Study.
B) Early Dizygotic Sample.
C) Money Follows the Person.
D) Bobo Doll Experiment.
Answer: A
Q2) All of the following processes are considered executive functions except A) logic.
B) reasoning.
C) fidgeting.
D) problem solving.
Answer: C
Q3) As a group,biopsychologists believe that genetics are the sole cause of criminal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The principal target of manganese is the ________ system.
Answer: nervous
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Q1) Berkowitz's two criminal personality classifications are
A) psychopathic/nonpsychopathic.
B) violent/nonviolent.
C) greedy/altruistic.
D) socialized/individual.
Q2) Discuss the situational factors that can influence criminal behavior.In addition to those mentioned in this chapter,what others might be identified?
Q3) Studies of moral disengagement among adolescents indicate that it often declines with ________,and this finding is associated with an accompanying decline in
A) academic performance; cognitive processes
B) age; antisocial behavior
C) socialization; parental monitoring
D) intelligence; moral aptitude
Q4) When classical conditioning is applied to people,it suggests that they can ________ if they have been rewarded or punished for behavior.
Q5) Frustration-induced criminality posits that when behavior directed at a specific goal is ________,arousal increases,and the individual experiences a drive to reduce it.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Q1) The tendency to attack space violators is referred to as
A) territoriality.
B) hydraulic model of aggression.
C) passive violence.
D) animality.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the GAM?
A) It is based on "Stand Your Ground" laws.
B) It draws heavily on social-cognitive and social learning theories the reinforcement gained as a result of the behavior.
C) It posits that violence occurs solely because of basic cognitive processes.
D) It was developed from research on road rage.
Q3) Which of the following behaviors represents an example of passive-aggressive behavior?
A) Slapping someone
B) Refusing to speak to someone
C) Shouting at someone
D) Shooting someone
Q4) Compare and contrast a)overt and covert acts of aggression; b)reactive and proactive aggression.
Q5) The revised frustration-aggression hypothesis was proposed by ________.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquincy
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Q1) Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents except
A) offenses against the public order.
B) unlawful acts against property.
C) sexual offenses.
D) status offenses.
Q3) Discuss the argument for and against removing status offenses from state juvenile courts.What is your opinion on this issue?
Q4) Poor interpersonal skills,conduct disorders,and difficult temperaments are often found in the background of ________ offenders.
A) AL
B) status
C) LCP
D) delinquent
Q5) The callous-unemotional trait cluster is similar to core behavioral patterns of ________.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Q1) Why is it so difficult to properly evaluate the effectiveness of programs designed to treat psychopaths?
A) Because they do not habituate to stimuli easily.
B) Because they are skilled at manipulation.
C) Because they rarely comply with treatment.
D) Because they have difficulty adjusting to new situations.
Q2) The autonomic nervous system of the psychopath appears to be
A) deformed.
B) insufficient.
C) ineffective.
D) underaroused.
Q3) Psychopathy Screening Device or the PSD is one of the measures specifically designed to identify youths with psychopathic characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe at least one concern about using the PCL across racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Q5) From the research on the PCL,it has become clear that psychopathy is ________ in nature.
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) Structured professional judgment is also referred to as structured ________ judgment.
Q2) Compare and contrast actuarial measures and clinical measures of risk assessment.
Q3) Which disorder has been referred to as the UFO of psychiatry?
A) Dissociative Identity Disorder
B) Postpartum Psychosis
C) Dysthymic Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
Q4) A major criticism of drug treatment is the ________ they often produce.
Q5) Ken Bianchi,the Hillside Strangler,was diagnosed as a psychopath.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The research shows that violent people
A) fantasize more than nonviolent people.
B) exhibit the violence triad more frequently than nonviolent people.
C) often have a history of mental disorder.
D) usually have a history of violence.
Q7) Identify and include symptoms of the four diagnostic categories most relevant to criminal behavior.
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Much of the data on runaway,abducted,or thrownaway youth are reported in
A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) MAPS
C) Child Abuse: Taking a Stand
D) NISMART
Q2) Negligent manslaughter is killing another person
A) as a result of recklessness.
B) with malice aforethought.
C) as a result of uncontrollable passion.
D) in self-defense when danger of serious bodily injury exists.
Q3) A youth who has been thrown away from the home by a parent or caretaker is called a thrownaway.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Alcohol and drug abuse appear to
A) play a causal role in family violence.
B) exacerbate but not cause in family violence.
C) cause child abuse but not spouse abuse.
D) cause spousal abuse but not child abuse.
Q5) How may the availability heuristic account for our perception of violence?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Q1) Kraemer,Lord,and Heilbrun (2004)found that serial offenders often prefer guns,while single victim offenders prefer hands on killing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Children are more likely to be victims of violence away from school,as opposed to in school.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which practice accounts in part for the fact that ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented in arrest statistics?
A) Racial profiling
B) Geographic profiling
C) Psychological autopsy
D) Criminal profiling
Q4) Research shows that criminal profiling should be restricted to serial murder and serial sexual assaults.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
Q5) Classic murders also may be called ________ mass murders.
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) Why would a terrorist volunteer for a suicide mission?
Q2) The aim of terrorism is to create ________ in a civilian population.
Q3) Peer influence is often the primary reason for joining a terrorist group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The developmental histories of most terrorists are fraught with mental instability and antisocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Bandura believes that terrorists justify their horrific acts in what way?
A) Through a process of cognitive restructuring
B) By associating themselves with religious zeal
C) By accepting responsibility for their actions
D) Through a process of learned helplessness
Q6) A quest for significance needs to be specifically ________ by someone or some event in order for it to influence behavior.
Q7) Compare and contrast the Quest for Significance Theory and Terror Management Theory.
Q8) The textbook uses the ________ definition of terrorism.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Q1) Many mental health clinicians do not consider sex offenders to be clinically mentally disordered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Groth rape typology is similar to the original MTC typology,except that Groth A) emphasizes the motives for the rape. B) has more categories of rape behavior than the MTC. C) has better behavioral descriptions of the categories. D) emphasizes victim reactions.
Q3) Many persons who have been sexually assaulted,particularly as adults,prefer to refer to themselves as ________ rather than victims.
Q4) Define RNR principles and their relevance to treatment of adult sex offenders.
Q5) In recent years,the term sexual assault has often been preferred to the term ________ in both research and law.
Q6) Describe three of the rape myths discussed in the chapter.
Q7) Carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will is referred to as the UCRs ________ definition of rape.
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth
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Q1) Pedophilia is a clinical condition that is not necessarily accompanied by action.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adult CSOs most frequently use a ________ setting to commit their sexual abuse.
Q3) When a person gains sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting people who are nude,or in the act of undressing,or engaging in sexual activity,it is referred to as A) nyctophilia.
B) partialism.
C) voyeurism.
D) parorexia.
Q4) Many survivors of child sexual abuse will never tell their stories or will delay revealing the incident.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sexual ________ appears to be a strong predictor for child molesters who are most prone to be repeat offenders.
Q6) Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.
Q7) Most chronic criminal offenders are ________ rather than specialists.
15
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Chapter 14: Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White
Collar Offenses
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Q1) Carjacking often involves ________ planning and decision making.
Q2) Which statement is true about carjacking?
A) Women are carjacked more than men.
B) The driver is frequently killed by the carjacker.
C) Eighty-seven percent of carjackers are drinking alcohol at the time of the crime.
D) Carjacking incidents are highest in urban areas.
Q3) The most common type of identity theft involves
A) credit cards.
B) cell phones.
C) checking accounts.
D) social media.
Q4) The irresistible impulse to steal unneeded objects is referred to as kleptomania.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Alarms and window locks are examples of ________ cues.
Q6) Identity theft is known to victimize the deceased and ________.
Q7) Describe how dehumanization makes victimization easier for identity thieves to commit their crimes.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and
Crimes of Intimidation
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Q1) At which age range is fascination with fire typical?
A) Between ages 1 and 3
B) Between ages 5 and 7
C) Between ages 10 and 12
D) Between ages 13 and 15
Q2) Which type of robbery occurs in urban areas and is less likely to be planned?
A) Commercial robbery
B) Bank robbery
C) Street robbery
D) Amateur robbery
Q3) The backgrounds of persistent firesetters reveal that they were often
A) the target of punishment where fire was used as the painful stimulus.
B) from families with alcoholic parents.
C) sexually abused.
D) the youngest child in a family of at least four children.
Q4) Explain the motivations and situational dynamics behind street robbery.
Q5) Some people who cyberstalk or cyberbully may be more inclined to act in a deviant manner because of the ________ that the Internet provides.
Q6) Less than 10 percent of fires set by ________ is reported.
Q7) Cybercrime refers to any illegal act that involves a(n)________ system. Page 17
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) What occurs when the user ingests cocaine and alcohol at the same time?
A) The body begins to have auditory hallucinations.
B) The body converts the drugs to the toxic substance cocethylene.
C) The body reacts with concomitant hyper-alertness.
D) The body begins the flash.
Q2) A condition where persistent use of a drug significantly diminishes the effects of a drug is called
A) dependence.
B) tolerance.
C) habituation.
D) addiction.
Q3) Methylphenidate is also known as A) Ritalin.
B) ephedrine.
C) cocaine.
D) Ativan.
Q4) While drug use has decreased among teens in recent years,________ is the most commonly used drug among this age group.
Q5) Persistent crack users are often ________ users.
Q6) Opiate narcotics generally have ________ and analgesic effects.
Page 19
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