Behavioral Neuroscience Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Behavioral Neuroscience explores the biological foundations of behavior by examining how the brain, nervous system, and neurotransmitters influence actions, emotions, and cognitive processes. The course covers fundamental topics such as neural communication, sensory and motor systems, learning and memory, emotion, and mental disorders. Through a combination of lectures, research discussions, and practical applications, students gain an in-depth understanding of how neural mechanisms underlie behavior and how disruptions in these systems can lead to psychological and neurological disorders. This course provides essential knowledge for students interested in psychology, neuroscience, medicine, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 1St Edition Edition by Howard Eichenbaum
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12 Chapters
600 Verified Questions
600 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Response learning is very similar to what William James described as a practiced, rigid movement to a stimulus called a(n) _________.
A) reflex
B) automatic reaction
C) habit
D) classical response
Answer: C
Q2) Genetic predispositions refer to:
A) specific ways in which we use our abilities.
B) specific skills we develop over time.
C) the range of our capabilities.
D) the physical expression of our abilities.
Answer: C
Q3) The term reminiscence was coined by ________.
A) Maine de Biran
B) Aristotle
C) William James
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the four major functional systems of the brain?
A) sensory
B) rational
C) motor
D) emotional
Answer: B
Q2) Key cranial nerves responsible for the heart, circulatory system, and the diaphragm are located in the ____________.
A) forebrain
B) midbrain
C) hindbrain
D) prefrontal
Answer: C
Q3) The role of the sympathetic nervous system is to calm our bodies down after something stressful.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Simple Forms of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ganglion is a cluster of cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In the Aplysia, habituation was the result of sensory adaptation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Debbie has just moved into a new neighborhood with a number of dogs that bark at night. At first this keeps her up at night, but over time she fails to notice the barking and sleeps soundly. This phenomenon can be explained by:
A) habituation.
B) sensitization.
C) fatigue.
D) responsiveness.
Answer: A
Q4) Habituation is normally exhibited as a long-term phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Perceptual Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that people can strongly categorize ___________ faces and do not categorize ________ faces.
A) highly unfamiliar; highly familiar
B) highly familiar; highly unfamiliar
C) unique; plain
D) plain; unique
Q2) Describe the four main mechanisms involved in perceptual skill learning.
Q3) Explain how perceptual skill training has been used to offset deficits in those with perceptual disorders.
Q4) Findings from Cohen and Squire's (1984) key study supported the idea that
A) learning a skill and memory for words are similar tasks
B) the mental representation of an acquired skill is different from that of learning words
C) forgetting of novel stimuli occurs rapidly
D) forgetting of familiar stimuli occurs rapidly
Q5) Discuss the findings for the research question, "Are faces perceived categorically?"
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Chapter 5: Procedural Learning I: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early speculations by Pavlov were that there were specific ______ in the brain for the US, CS, and the UR.
A) pathways
B) cells
C) systems
D) centers
Q2) How does the Rescorla-Wagner model explain the strength of a CR and learning?
Q3) If a researcher wanted to see if the order of the CS and the US is important to learning he might use __________ conditioning to test this.
A) delay
B) trace
C) simultaneous
D) backwards
Q4) When the CS and US are generally presented alone, but without notice they are presented together or in close proximity, it is called ___________.
A) explicitly unpaired
B) contiguity
C) random control
D) trace conditioning
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Chapter 6: Procedural Learning II: Habits and Instrumental Learning
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50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chamber typically used to study operant conditioning is called a(n)
A) Morris chamber
B) Skinner box
C) operant box
D) operant chamber
Q2) According to Anderson, the first stage in the development of a motor skill is the
_______.
A) cognitive stage
B) associative stage
C) autonomous stage
D) learning stage
Q3) During partial reinforcement a tally is generally kept of the behavioral patterns through a running sum or cumulative response.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An example of belongingness for a cat in a puzzle box might be string pulling.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how instrumental learning uses reinforcers to change behavior.
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Chapter 7: Emotional Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who developed the first theoretical proposal of a brain system for the perception and integration of emotional feeling?
A) Walle Nauta
B) Joseph LeDoux
C) Paul MacLean
D) James Papez
Q2) Results of several studies by McDonald & White (1993) support the idea that stimulus-response and stimulus-reward associations are __________.
A) supported by distinct brain systems
B) supported by similar brain systems
C) supported by similar brain systems when a similar stimulus is used
D) supported by the striatum but not the amygdala
Q3) Discuss the differences between the visceral brain, the reptilian brain, the paleomammalian brain, and the neomammalian brain.
Q4) The reptilian brain includes lower brain stem parts of the brain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When applying to graduate schools you are told that it is harder to get into a clinical psychology program compared to an experimental psychology program and it is harder to get into an experimental psychology program than a social work program. You deduce that it is harder to get into a clinical psychology program compared to a social work program through ____________.
A) transitive inference
B) implicit memory
C) declarative inference
D) procedural memory
Q2) Ebbinghaus found that _______ percent of his memory was lost over the first several minutes.
A) 10
B) 30
C) 40
D) 60
Q3) Place cells are found in the _________.
A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) limbic system
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Chapter 9: Episodic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies indicate that unique and emotionally charged memories are recalled best.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Gary is having a hard time remembering what he did before the age of two. This memory problem is called ________.
A) infantile memory loss
B) childhood amnesia
C) childhood distortion
D) infantile distortion
Q3) Which of the following is not a commonality between episodic and semantic memories?
A) complex in nature
B) involve diverse kinds of information
C) characterized by rapid encoding of a great deal of new information
D) relevant to our personal lives
Q4) Successful recognition in the ROC analysis is indicated by a(n) __________.
A) symmetrical curve on the diagonal
B) asymmetrical curve on the diagonal
C) symmetrical curve and a negative hit rate
D) asymmetrical curve and a positive hit rate
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Chapter 10: Semantic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Farah and McClelland's (1991) model of semantic memory.
Q2) Results of a transitive inference paradigm suggest that the hippocampus plays a role in _______.
A) connecting past memories with novel items
B) interpreting subtle memories for unique events
C) linking related memories according to their common features
D) linking unrelated items that share a common ground
Q3) Spatial knowledge is easy to represent in words or verbal concepts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Indicate the three specific cortical brain areas and their distinct roles in category-specific processing.
Q5) Many researchers believe that semantic memory synthesizes information from episodic memories.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the findings from the Damasio and colleagues (1996) study on individuals with aphasia, which supported the idea that different cortical areas mediate distinct categories of verbal knowledge.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Memory Consolidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss why the interval between conditional learning and damage to the hippocampus is important for understanding memory. Discuss the research that supports this.
Q2) Alvarez and Squires (1994) proposed a _______ explaining how the hippocampal system interacts with neocortical processors to store and consolidate memories.
A) two-stage model
B) multiphase model
C) simple network model
D) complex network model
Q3) Sarah worked all afternoon training her dog to fetch a stick and bring it to her but then her brother taught the dog to sit later that same day. When Sarah wanted to show her parents how she taught the dog to fetch all it could do was sit. This failure to fetch was most likely due to _________.
A) progressive interference
B) projective interference
C) proactive interference
D) retroactive interference
Q4) Compare the two models explaining how the hippocampus might mediate a slow reorganization process.
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Chapter 12: Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When reading over your notes from class you clearly remember what the teacher talked about at the beginning of the class but nothing after that. This is referred to as the
A) serial effect
B) linear effect
C) recency effect
D) primacy effect
Q2) _________ was the first to distinguish between short-term and long-term memory, although ________ developed the model that emphasized this.
A) William James; Atkinson and Shiffrin
B) Atkinson; William James
C) Tulving; William James
D) Shiffrin; Atkinson
Q3) Darwin and colleagues (1972) tested the short-term store for ______ information.
A) visual
B) spatial
C) auditory
D) serial list
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