Basic Psychology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Basic Psychology introduces the foundational concepts, theories, and research methods that underpin the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores key topics such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will also gain an understanding of the biological and social factors influencing behavior, as well as the practical applications of psychological principles in everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, this course provides a comprehensive overview of psychology, preparing students for further study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Psychology 12th Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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17 Chapters
2428 Verified Questions
2428 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today,around _____% of new master's degrees and _____% of new doctorate degrees are awarded to people of color.
A)50; 15
B)20; 16
C)32; 8
D)50; 25
Answer: B
Q2) In the context of the psychology of emotion,William James and John Dewey would be most interested in:
A)the contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience.
B)the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C)how behavior aids one's adaptation to the environment.
D)the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense.
Answer: C
Q3) Approximately how many psychologists are there in the United States?
A)50,000
B)100,000
C)300,000
D)600,000
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Psychology Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text opens the research methods chapter by recounting Kitty Genovese's rape and murder,in which not a single neighbor came to her aid.Describe how each step of the scientific method might be applied to better understand such a phenomenon.
Answer: The answer should include all four steps of the scientific method:
Q2) Behaviors,events,or other characteristics that can change in some way are referred to as:
A)variables.
B)constants.
C)operational definitions.
D)hypotheses.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of a case study?
A)It provides a thorough,in-depth understanding of participants.
B)It provides a sample of people in their natural environment.
C)A small sample can be used to infer attitudes and behavior of a larger population.
D)Data collection is easy because data already exists.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
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149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wilma has been experiencing memory difficulties,and her doctor is concerned that Wilma may have a brain tumor.He recommends a(n)_____to confirm his diagnosis.
Answer: PET (positron emission tomography
Q2) The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:
A)the brain's effort to deal with pain.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)the regulation of sleep,eating,mood,and pain.
D)movement,attention,and learning.
Answer: D
Q3) Which expression below most closely approximates the number of neural connections in the brain?
A)10 quadrillion
B)1 million
C)1 billion
D)1 trillion
Answer: A
Q4) _____is a chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
Answer: Inhibitory message
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the place theory and the frequency theory?
A)Place theory and frequency theory explain our perception of high- but not low-frequency sounds.
B)Place theory and frequency theory explain our perception of low- but not high-frequency sounds.
C)Both place theory and frequency theory provide the full explanations for hearing.
D)Place theory accounts for the perception of high-frequency sounds; frequency theory explains our perception of low-frequency sounds.
Q2) Distinguish between rods and cones with respect to both their structure and their function.
Q3) The human sense of smell permits us to detect _____ separate smells.
A)more than 10,000
B)1,000-10,000
C)100-1,000
D)10-100
Q4) The optic nerves from each eye meet at a point roughly between the two eyes called the_____ .
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following early psychologists viewed the study of consciousness as central to psychology?
A)Skinner
B)Watson
C)James
D)Freud
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of sleeping patterns of men and women?
A)Women typically fall asleep more quickly than men.
B)Women have fewer concerns about the amount of sleep they get than men.
C)Men sleep for longer periods and more deeply than women.
D)Men get up fewer times in the night than women.
Q3) Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are termed as:
A)biorhythms.
B)diurnal rhythms.
C)circadian rhythms.
D)primal rhythms.
Q4) Briefly discuss the reasons for needing sleep.
Q5) According to Freud,the apparent story line of dreams is the _____content of dreams.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the pros and cons of punishment?
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of stimulus generalization?
A)It is the process that occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from one another.
B)The greater the similarity between two stimuli,the greater the likelihood of stimulus generalization.
C)The conditioned response elicited by the new stimulus is usually more intense than the original conditioned response.
D)Stimulus generalization provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.
Q3) In classical conditioning,how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?
A)They are not related; they are completely different stimuli.
B)They are the same thing; the terms are interchangeable.
C)The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.
D)The conditioned stimulus becomes the neutral stimulus.
Q4) Olympia consumed some poorly stored sushi on a hot day; she became violently ill.Now Olympia can't stand the sight of sushi.She has developed a(n)_____.
Q5) Shaping is one way that organisms learn_____ behavior.
Q6) A weekly paycheck is an example of a _____ schedule.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of the potential influence of a written language on the recall ability of a culture's members,research has:
A)revealed that a written language tends to decrease people's memory ability.
B)shown that a written language tends to increase people's memory ability.
C)revealed that a written language probably has little influence on people's memory ability.
D)not yielded a definitive conclusion as yet.
Q2) An old song playing on the radio may remind you of events that occurred when the song was current.The song is acting as a(n):
A)retrieval cue.
B)mnemonic.
C)flashbulb.
D)schema.
Q3) Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:
A)spreading activation.
B)elaborative rehearsal.
C)network priming.
D)rote learning.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following the September 11,2001,Twin Towers attacks,many Americans opted to drive rather than fly.The media coverage of the hijackings caused Americans to overestimate the danger of flying.As it was an event they remember easily,they assumed it could occur frequently.This example illustrates:
A)the availability heuristic.
B)the representativeness heuristic.
C)confirmation bias.
D)stereotypic bias.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of heuristics?
A)In cases where algorithms are not available,we may use heuristics.
B)If applied appropriately,a heuristic guarantees a solution to a problem.
C)Heuristics never lead to errors.
D)Heuristics decrease the likelihood of success in finding a solution.
Q3) Reasoning from the general to the specific is called:
A)algorithms.
B)heuristics.
C)mental sets.
D)deductive reasoning.
Q4) Functional fixedness may be seen as a particular example of _____.
Q5) The process of forming subgoals is known as _____.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Gardner's view of different forms of intelligence,each of the multiple intelligences:
A)links to an independent system in the brain.
B)involves identifying the fundamental question of human existence.
C)operates in isolation and not together.
D)depends on the fluid intelligence of an individual.
Q2) Which of the following is one of Gardner's forms of intelligence?
A)General intelligence
B)Analytical intelligence
C)Crystallized intelligence
D)Musical intelligence
Q3) _____ involves identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human entity.
A)Emotional intelligence
B)Analytical intelligence
C)Crystallized intelligence
D)Existential intelligence
Q4) Define (a)practical and (b)emotional intelligence.To what extent are these types of intelligence related to the sort of intelligence that is traditionally assessed by standardized tests?
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A "gut" reaction of internal organs is more formally termed a(n)_____.
Q2) In _____ approaches to motivation,the desirable properties of external stimuli account for a person's motivation.
A)drive-reduction
B)arousal
C)incentive
D)cognitive
Q3) Carrie's body rapidly converts food into energy.Mandy's body converts food into energy more slowly.Carrie and Mandy have different:
A)metabolic rates.
B)eating disorders.
C)homeostatic ratios.
D)g factors.
Q4) According to Maslow,our highest-level need is the need for:
A)self-esteem.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-love.
D)self-actualization.
Q5) Valerie is obese-that is,her body mass index (BMI)exceeds _____.
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Chapter 11: Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex are called _____.
A)transsexuals
B)heterosexuals
C)hermaphrodites
D)homosexuals
Q2) The _____ is the term for unstated,but real,barriers within an organization that prevent women from being promoted beyond a certain level because of gender discrimination.
A)glass cliff
B)revolving door
C)glass ceiling
D)gray ceiling
Q3) Sexual behavior is abnormal if it is:
A)exciting.
B)harmful.
C)unusual.
D)illegal.
Q4) The female sex hormone _____appears to influence women's performance on both verbal and spatial tasks.
Q5) Testes are to_____ ,as ovaries are to estrogen.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the late teens into the mid-20s,individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.
A)emerging
B)beginning
C)developing
D)launching
Q2) Many adults feel that they have made a significant contribution to the development of their family,community,work,and society; that is,they experience a sense of _____.
Q3) Which alternative below best approximates the frequency of adolescent suicide?
A)It is the leading cause of death among teenagers; every 30 minutes,a teenager commits suicide.
B)It is among the top five leading causes of death among teenagers; every 90 minutes,a teenager commits suicide.
C)It is among the top 10 leading causes of death among teenagers; every 2 hours,a teenager commits suicide.
D)It is actually less common than one might think and is not among the top 10 leading causes of death among adolescents.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defense mechanisms is used when people provide self-justifying explanations in place of the actual,but threatening,reason for their behavior?
A)Rationalization
B)Reaction formation
C)Projection
D)Sublimation
Q2) According to Freud,a period beginning around age 3 during which a child's pleasure focuses on the genitals is known as the _____ stage.
A)oral
B)phallic
C)anal
D)genital
Q3) In Freud's theory,concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur are termed:
A)fixations.
B)defense mechanisms.
C)complexes.
D)conflicts.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and
Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) How happy are you? Evaluate your answer in light of the characteristics of happy people,the general level of happiness in the United States,and the influence of material prosperity on happiness.
Q2) Agreeing with the statement "Sometimes I feel like I can't do anything about my life" would reflect:
A)learned helplessness.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)emotional insulation.
D)problem-focused coping.
Q3) The _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a patient and nonaggressive manner.
A)Type A
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)Type D
Q4) When Nell prays at night,she tries to be grateful for the small,positive experiences of the day no matter how mundane they may seem.Health psychologists call these gratifying day-to-day experiences_____ .
Q5) Why do people smoke? Explain.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements accurately identifies either a similarity or a dissimilarity between social phobia and agoraphobia?
A)Social phobia often stems from panic disorder,whereas agoraphobia does not.
B)Both agoraphobia and social phobia best illustrate obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)Social phobia is a generalized anxiety disorder,whereas agoraphobia is a phobic disorder.
D)Both agoraphobia and social phobia can prevent people from leaving their homes.
Q2) Illness anxiety disorder and conversion disorder are specific types of_____ .
Q3) The_____ perspective on abnormality holds that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.
Q4) Which of the following perspectives on psychological disorders assumes that physiological causes are at the root of psychological disorders?
A)Medical perspective
B)Psychoanalytic perspective
C)Humanistic perspective
D)Behavioral perspective
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the strengths of the cognitive approach to treatment?
A)It encourages deep insight into one's life.
B)It has been successful in dealing with a wide range of problems.
C)It is flexible and open to incorporating elements of other approaches to treatment.
D)Therapy tends to be highly structured and focused on concrete problems.
Q2) In _____ appraisal,clients are asked to evaluate situations,themselves,and others in terms of their memories,values,beliefs,thoughts,and expectations.
A)cognitive
B)psychodynamic
C)behavioral
D)humanistic
Q3) Briefly describe the pros and cons of group therapy.Are there any disorders where group therapy appears to be more effective than one on one? Please defend your answer.
Q4) _____is a list in order of increasing severity of the things you associate with your fears.
Q5) Contingency contracting and token economies are based on _____ conditioning.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The likelihood that an individual will help someone in an emergency situation is _____ correlated with the number of other people present.
A)negatively
B)positively
C)not
D)curvilinearly
Q2) The influential "prison" study of the power of social roles was conducted by:
A)Solomon Asch.
B)Stanley Milgram.
C)Philip Zimbardo.
D)Leon Festinger.
Q3) Roger was screaming for help as he was being beaten up by a group of muggers on a street.There were about 15 people standing nearby.However,none of the bystanders came forward to help Roger.This scenario representing lack of help illustrates:
A)catharsis.
B)altruism.
C)diffusion of responsibility.
D)frustration.
Q4) A change in behavior in response to a direct command is termed_____ .
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