Course Introduction
Basic Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Basic Psychology introduces students to the foundational concepts, theories, and research methods within the field of psychology. The course covers key topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, personality, development, motivation, emotion, and psychological disorders. Students will explore how psychological principles apply to everyday life and gain insights into human thought, feeling, and behavior. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and the ethical considerations of psychological research and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which school of psychology is "self-concept" a key element?
A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) humanistic
Answer: D
Q2) Gestalt psychologists pointed out that:
A) in order to understand the whole,you must study the basic elements.
B) you miss the big picture if you become preoccupied with the pieces.
C) measurement is the key to understanding.
D) human beings have evolved through the process of adaptation.
Answer: B
Q3) ____________ was the first African American to be elected president of the American Psychological Association.
Answer: Kenneth Clark
Q4) ____________ studied digestion in dogs prior to identifying the process he termed conditioning.
Answer: Ivan Pavlov
Q5) Private thoughts,feelings,emotions and motives are referred to as ____________.
Answer: mental processes
3
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A consistent,linear relationship between two variables is called a(n):
A) inference.
B) prediction.
C) correlation.
D) standard deviation.
Answer: C
Q2) Inmates in a prison are offered extra cigarettes and privileges if they allow researchers to draw blood to measure testosterone levels.Which ethical principle is being violated?
A) limited deception
B) informed consent
C) freedom from coercion
D) confidentiality
Answer: C
Q3) Empirical evidence refers to evidence derived from:
A) hypotheses.
B) estimates.
C) observations of publicly observable behavior.
D) private mental processes.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A message is traveling from your central nervous system to your left arm.The message is traveling through:
A) interneurons.
B) afferent neurons.
C) efferent neurons.
D) both afferent and efferent neurons.
Answer: C
Q2) The ganglia of the sympathetic division of the peripheral nervous system are all connected in a chain near the spinal column.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The autonomic nervous system is divided into the:
A) brain and spinal cord.
B) somatic and autosomatic nervous systems.
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
D) peripheral and central nervous systems.
Answer: C
Q4) The primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland is ____________.
Answer: melatonin
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Q1) Gender identity refers to all of the behaviors that are determined as masculine or feminine by one's culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to evolutionary theory,differences in male and female behavior may have been selected because men:
A) hunted while women cared for the children.
B) farmed and women harvested.
C) were physically stronger and women were weaker.
D) built shelters and women prepared food.
Q3) How does evolutionary theory explain higher levels of dominance and aggression in men?
A) Stronger,more dominant men had better access to fertile women.
B) Men with better visual-spatial abilities were more attractive to women.
C) Differences in women's emotional skills allowed them to avoid aggression.
D) Access to many sexual partners caused testosterone levels to rise.
Q4) ____________ refers to all of the behaviors that communicate to others our masculinity or femininity.
Q5) List and describe three cognitive differences between men and women.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological experience that begins with the detection of vibratory changes in the air is known as:
A) hearing.
B) amplitude.
C) pitch.
D) frequency.
Q2) A carpenter measures how flat a board is,by placing a level on the board.The level contains a bubble floating in a fluid in a clear tube.If the bubble floats away from the center of the tube,the board is not level.A level works on a principle similar to that of the:
A) specialized end bulbs.
B) kinesthetic receptors.
C) semicircular canals.
D) basilar membrane.
Q3) Which skin receptors are wound around the base of hairs?
A) basket cells
B) free nerve endings
C) specialized end bulbs
D) tactile discs
Q4) The ____________ of a sound wave determines pitch.
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) An act-alike drug has the same effect as an illegal drug but is:
A) composed of legal substances.
B) obtainable by prescription.
C) less addictive.
D) a substance that has not yet been declared illegal.
Q2) The MOST common problem with hallucinogen use is:
A) heart palpitations.
B) psychological addiction.
C) overdose.
D) physical addiction.
Q3) Most psychologists agree that the unconscious mind:
A) is expressed symbolically in dream images.
B) is mythical and doesn't exist.
C) operates only during sleep.
D) is active and responding to stimuli of which we are not aware.
Q4) Any substance powerful enough to change the functioning of the brain generally carries with it serious medical and psychological risks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A ____________ state is one that "goes beyond" what is normally experienced.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to encourage the association between two stimuli,a researcher should:
A) give subjects plenty of time between the stimuli so that they can try to remember their association.
B) only pair the stimuli once or twice so the subjects won't get bored.
C) make sure the subjects are told that the two stimuli are associated.
D) pair the stimuli many times and keep the time between presentations of the stimuli short.
Q2) Before classical conditioning,the conditioned stimulus is best referred to as: A) unconditioned.
B) a response.
C) neutral.
D) associated.
Q3) Operant conditioning is based on the premise that behaviors occur more often when they are:
A) extinguished.
B) rewarded.
C) negated.
D) ignored.
Q4) Secondary reinforcers are ____________ through classical conditioning.
Q5) In using punishment,it is important to punish ____________ not people.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the storage capacity of short-term memory?
A) 30 to 60 seconds
B) 5 to 9 items
C) 1 to 2 hours
D) 7 to 15 items
Q2) You suffered a head injury in a car accident.You can remember past events easily,but struggle with remembering events that have occurred since the accident.You are experiencing:
A) Korsakoff's syndrome.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) repression.
D) anterograde amnesia.
Q3) In most cases,visual information is retained for about:
A) 1 second
B) 2 seconds
C) 4 seconds
D) ¼ of a second
Q4) Donald Hebb called the biological basis of learning and memory ____________.
Q5) Visual information is contained in the ____________ for one-quarter of a second.
Q6) Compare and contrast anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Q1) In creative problem solving,setting the problem aside for a time is referred to as
Q2) Using which of the following is MOST similar to taking a short-cut that you have never used before?
A) heuristic
B) trial and error
C) algorithm
D) mental set
Q3) Louis Thurstone developed the Primary Mental Abilities Test.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An asset of an Environmental Enrichment program is:
A) free early preschool.
B) home parenting classes.
C) library of educational toys.
D) All of these
Q5) The grammatical rules of a language are part of its ____________.
Q6) Describe and compare algorithmic and heuristic thinking.How effective is each of these methods?
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Q7) Individuals with IQs from 35 to 49 are categorized as ____________ retarded.
Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The automatic response in which an infant turns its head toward stimulation of the cheek is called the ____________.
Q2) In terms of individual differences,which statement is MOST consistent with normal development?
A) Behaviors that develop ahead of schedule indicate special aptitude.
B) There are often large variations in the timing and the detail of normal development.
C) Differences in early development will show up as differences in adulthood.
D) Development generally proceeds at a smooth and gradual rate.
Q3) According to Erikson,later adulthood is a time of:
A) industry vs.inferiority.
B) intimacy vs.isolation.
C) integrity vs.despair.
D) generativity vs.stagnation.
Q4) On average,how much time do fathers spend with their children under age 6 each day?
A) 26 minutes
B) 48 minutes
C) 1 hour
D) 95 minutes
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 12 largest cities in the United States,how many men considered themselves homosexual or bisexual,according to the University of Chicago survey?
A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 9%
D) 12%
Q2) Summarize the findings of Elliot and Church in their studies of college students and achievement motivation.
Q3) Describe the biological and psychological factors involved in thirst.
Q4) What is in line with the "Coolidge effect"?
A) the observation that women are more sexually interested when estrogen levels peak B) the observation that when a different ewe is introduced to a male following sexual activity,the ram will engage in three times more sexual activity
C) the observation that males experience a drop in testosterone following successive ejaculations,which leads to a longer refractory period
D) the observation that humans display an enormous variety of sexual behaviors
Q5) At the very bottom of Maslow's hierarchy is(are)____________ need(s).
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the ____________ stage of psychosexual development,the primary accomplishment is the delay of gratification.
Q2) Projective tests are most likely to be used by psychologists who follow which of the following perspectives?
A) humanism
B) psychoanalysis
C) behaviorism
D) social learning
Q3) According to social learning theory,individuals are inherently selfish.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each scale on the MMPI was developed by administering the questions to individuals known to have the characteristic in extreme form and comparing their answers to individuals who do not have the characteristic.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to Freud,the ____________ mind consists of memories of which we are not presently aware but that can be recalled easily.
Q6) In Freudian theory,the executive of personality is the ____________.
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two studies that support the importance of social support in managing stress.
Q2) In the Minnesota study cited in your text,3½ years following a diet program designed to reduce high blood pressure,what was the success rate?
A) 20%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 76%
Q3) An important difference between withdrawal and removing the source of the stress is that with withdrawal,the stress:
A) is still around,but is temporarily avoided.
B) is dealt with effectively.
C) grows worse and worse.
D) is dealt with,but is dealt with in private.
Q4) Differentiate between approach-approach,approach-avoidance,avoidance-avoidance,and multiple approach-avoidance conflicts by defining each and giving a practical example of each type of conflict in a real-life situation.
Q5) It has been estimated that ______ minutes of exercise will raise your heart rate
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ____________ is an irresistible urge to engage in ritualized or repetitive behaviors.
Q2) A study by Peter Lewinsohn and his associates (1980)suggested that the self-ratings of depressed individuals tend to be __________,and the self-ratings of nondepressed individuals tend to be ____________.
A) unrealistically negative;unrealistically positive
B) unrealistically negative;accurate
C) accurate;accurate
D) accurate;unrealistically positive
Q3) Which of the following is always considered abnormal?
A) voyeurism
B) masochism
C) fetishism
D) transvestitism
Q4) In the ____________ disorder,an individual develops an almost phobic reaction to the idea of sex.
Q5) The belief that one is a person of exceptional importance is called a delusion of ____________.
Q6) ____________ involves sexual relations between relatives.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the ______,prefrontal lobotomies came into vogue as a method of calming a person down.
A) 1600s
B) 1700s
C) 1800s
D) 1900s
Q2) Dr.Patterson says little to her depressed client.Instead,she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems.Dr.Patterson is practicing:
A) client-centered psychotherapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.
C) interpersonal psychotherapy.
D) Gestalt psychotherapy.
Q3) Which perspective views abnormal behavior as the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts?
A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) social learning
D) biological
Q4) Gestalt therapy was developed by ____________.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research,what is the relationship between passionate and companionate love?
A) With time,companionate love shifts to passionate love.
B) Some couples maintain passionate love throughout their relationship while some maintain companionate love.
C) Passionate love typifies relationships that are doomed to fail,while companionate love typifies long-lasting relationships.
D) With time,passionate love gives way to companionate love.
Q2) An important cause of attraction is geographical closeness,referred to by social psychologists as ____________.
Q3) Equity theory states that partners in a relationship will be comfortable only when their perceived contributions and benefits are equal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When deindividuation occurs,people feel free to act more aggressively than they otherwise would.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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Q1) Discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity,and describe two strategies managers can use to increase job satisfaction.
Q2) One of the newest areas of focus for human factors engineering is in the assistance of ____________ persons.
Q3) Testing designed to determine whether a child meets the minimum standards of a specific educational objective is called ____________ testing.
Q4) Organizational citizenship refers to en employee's contribution to the ____________ of the organization.
A) social and psychological welfare
B) work load
C) environmental stewardship
D) prestige
Q5) ____________ is the practice of integrating physically and mentally challenged children into regular public school classrooms.
Q6) Individuals who are opposed to capital punishment are generally ____________ likely to convict a criminal defendant.
Q7) Benjamin Bloom was known for creating his educational concept of
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