Athletic Training
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Athletic Training is a comprehensive course designed to introduce students to the principles, techniques, and practices of preventing, evaluating, and managing athletic injuries. The curriculum covers essential topics such as anatomy, physiology, injury assessment, therapeutic interventions, emergency care, and rehabilitation strategies. Students will learn about the roles and responsibilities of athletic trainers, legal and ethical issues in sports medicine, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. Through lectures, hands-on labs, and case studies, participants gain the foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary for supporting athlete health and safety in various settings.
Recommended Textbook
Kinesiology Scientific Basis of Human Motion 12th Edition by Nancy Hamilton
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456 Verified Questions
456 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which president came closest to being formally removed from office by the impeachment process?
A) Richard Nixon
B) Andrew Johnson
C) Herbert Hoover
D) George W. Bush
E) Ulysses S. Grant
Answer: B
Q2) Movements requiring maximum accuracy or involving loads are usually ____ in nature.
A) sequential
B) simultaneous
C) segmental
D) concurrent
Answer: B
Q3) Describe the movement phases which might be used in an analysis of an overhand throw.
Answer: preparation, power, propulsion
Q4) Name and explain the three primary components of a kinesiological analysis.
Answer: description, evaluation, prescription
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Chapter 2: The Musculoskeletal System: The Skeletal
Framework and Its Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the motion of lifting one's foot up in preparation for placing it on a bench. Analyze the joint type, joint motion, plane and axis for movement in the ankle, knee, and hip joints:
Answer:
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Q2) Adduction refers to:
A) movement away from the midline of the body
B) movement toward the midline of the body
C) movement in two planes
D) reduction of joint angle
Answer: B
Q3) An example of a hinge joint would be the ___.
A) wrist
B) elbow
C) hips
D) acromioclavicular
Answer: B
Q4) Name and discuss three factors that contribute to joint stability.
Answer: bony structure, ligaments, tendons, muscle & soft tissue
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System: The Musculature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following illustrates concentric muscle contraction?
A) bending forward to touch fingers to floor
B) stepping up on a bench
C) holding a tennis racquet in ready position
D) standing at attention
Answer: B
Q2) The pectoralis major is an example of a ____ muscle.
A) fusiform
B) fan shaped
C) penniform
D) quadrate
Answer: B
Q3) The rectus femoris is an example of a ____ muscle.
A) fusiform
B) fan shaped
C) bipenniform
D) quadrate
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Neuromuscular Basis of Human Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following proprioceptors is sensitive to the stimulus that results in an extensor thrust reflex response?
A) Golgi tendon organ
B) muscle spindle
C) Pacinian corpuscle
D) Ruffini ending
Q2) What is the purpose of the gamma efferent system?
A) adjusts the length of extrafusal muscle fibers thereby relieving tension on muscle spindle
B) makes muscle spindle more sensitive to external stretch therefore facilitating more effective muscle contraction
C) relays impulses from other proprioceptors to muscle spindle
D) transmits impulses from muscles to central nervous system and back to the muscles
Q3) A subject's feet are kept in a bucket of ice water for an extended period of time. The feet are removed from the bucket and the subject jumps off a chair with eyes closed. The subject falls upon landing. Why?
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Chapter 5: The Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) What motions of the shoulder joint and accompanying motions of the shoulder girdle are necessary in the action of a golf drive (consider all three phases-preparation, propulsion, and follow through)?
Q2) What will be the prime mover(s) at the shoulder in the propulsion phase of a wheelchair stroke?
1) pectoralis minor
2) pectoralis major
3) anterior deltoid
4) latissimus dorsi
A) pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi
B) pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
C) pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
D) pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi
Q3) Which of the following exercises would use the lower (sternal) portion of the pectoralis major?
A) bench press
B) biceps curls
C) pushups
D) rowing
Short Answer Questions
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Chapter 6: The Upper Extremity: The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ulna is on the ____ side of the hand.
A) thumb
B) little finger
C) both, depending on rotation
D) neither
Q2) Which of the following muscles would contribute most to your grip in racquetball?
A) flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum
B) extensor digitorum, flexor pollicis longus
C) flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus
D) extensor digitorum, 4
Q3) In which of the following actions will the biceps brachii be most active?
A) a pull-up with the forearm pronated
B) a pushup
C) a pull-up with the forearms supinated
D) a bench press
Q4) What are the possible negative consequences of repeated ulnar or radial deviation motions?
Q5) Why may a person successfully complete a pull-up with the forearms supinated, but fail with the forearms pronated?
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Chapter 7: The Lower Extremity: The Hip Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following motions would the gluteus maximus most likely be active?
A) erect standing
B) walking
C) stair climbing
D) kicking
Q2) What muscles are primarily responsible for the pelvic rotation in the preparatory movement (backswing) in the tennis forehand drive?
A) left adductors; right tensor fascia latae and pectineus
B) left tensor fascia latae and lesser glutei; right 6 deep outward rotators
C) right gluteus medius and minimus; left sacrospinalis
D) right tensor fascia latae and lesser glutei; left 6 deep outward rotators
Short Answer Questions
Q3) Which of the following hip actions is produced by the iliopsoas muscle?
A) flexion
B) extension
C) abduction
D) adduction
Q4) Why is pelvic girdle rotation necessary in both walking and running gaits?
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Chapter 8: The Lower Extremity: The Knee, Ankle, and Foot
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which side of the ankle receives primary support from the deltoid ligament?
A) anterior
B) posterior
C) medial
D) lateral
Q2) Analyze the muscular involvement in the motion of the knee joint in a kicking motion.
Be sure to include both the preparation phase and the propulsion phase.
Q3) What is the primary factor in ankle stability?
A) ligamentous support
B) strong joint capsule
C) deep bony articulation
D) muscular support
Q4) What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump?
A) concentric contraction of the hamstrings
B) concentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris
C) eccentric contraction of the hamstrings
D) eccentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris
Q5) Why are deep knee bends considered to be a potentially dangerous exercise?
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Chapter 9: The Spinal Column and Thorax
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is produced by an exaggerated lumbar curve?
A) kyphosis
B) scoliosis
C) lordosis
D) forward head
Q2) In the exercise of slow leg raising and lowering in a supine lying position, what is the function of the abdominal muscles during the lowering phase and what type of contraction is involved?
A) controlling extension of legs--eccentric contraction
B) stabilizing the pelvis--static contraction
C) tilting the pelvis backward--concentric contraction
D) tilting the pelvis forward--concentric contraction
Q3) Which type of joint he atlanto-occipital joint?
A) condyloid
B) pivot
C) hinge
D) ball & socket
Q4) Describe the structure of the intervertebral disc and discuss its function as part of the vertebral column.
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Chapter 10: Terminology and Measurement in Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) You walk north across campus for 200 meters, then turn and walk west for 150 meters. What is your resultant displacement?
Q2) Which of the following represents a vector quantity?
A) a distance of 30 meters
B) a speed of 25 m/s
C) a velocity of 15 m/s
D) a mass of 100 kilograms
Q3) Two muscles are attached to bone at the same point. Muscle A is pulling with 90 N of force at an angle of 25<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>. Muscle B pulls with 110 N of force at an angle of 10<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>. What is the combined effect of these two muscles in terms of resultant force and angle of pull?
Q4) In which of the following would vectors quantities be found?
A) the standing posture
B) volleyball serve
C) driving a car
D) all of the above
Short Answer Questions
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Chapter 11: The Description of Human Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why can you hit a golf ball farther with a driver (#1 wood) than with a #9 iron?
Q2) What type of motion is exhibited by the leg segments of a sprinter running a 100 meter dash?
A) angular
B) constant
C) linear
D) translatory
Q3) What is the relationship between the angular and linear velocities of a lever?
A) angular velocity is equal to linear velocity times the length of the lever
B) linear velocity is not affected by lever length or angular velocity
C) linear velocity is equal to the angular velocity divided by the length of the lever
D) linear velocity is equal to the angular velocity times the length of the lever
Short Answer Questions
Q4) Which is an example of linear motion in sport?
A) leg movements of a sprinter
B) movement of center of gravity of a diver
C) arm movements of a shot putter
D) movement of the center of gravity of a putted golf ball
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Chapter 12: The Conditions of Linear Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is weight?
A) friction times base of support
B) mass times acceleration due to gravity
C) gravitation times density
D) size times base of support
Q2) Change in momentum is the result of an impulse. How may the impulse be changed?
A) distance of backswing
B) power being used
C) time of application of force
D) change kinetics
Q3) Ball A is the same mass as Ball B. If Ball A is hit with twice as much force as Ball B, Ball A's acceleration will be _____ that of Ball B.
A) one-half
B) one-fourth
C) twice
D) four times
Q4) Why do one's feet drop if the head is lifted in a face floating position in swimming?
Q5) Why is it more difficult to run on the beach than on the street?
Q6) Why does one tend to shorten one's stride when walking on the ice?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Conditions of Rotary Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) When doing an iron cross on the still rings the ideal position is for the gymnast to support the body with the arms abducted to 90<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>. Why do many gymnasts abduct only to 70<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> on this move?
Q2) What is meant by torque?
A) ability of a force to overcome resistance
B) amount of force necessary to cause rotation
C) effective force producing rotary motion at an axis
D) relationship between force and resistance
Q3) What does a machine with a resistance arm greater than a force arm favor?
A) speed
B) force
C) acceleration
D) torque
Q4) In which of the following is torque not found?
A) seesaws
B) bowling ball rolling down alley
C) linear motion
D) animals
Q5) Why do sprinters lean when running the curve on a track?
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Chapter 14: The Center of Gravity and Stability
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Sample Questions
Q1) How might one adjust ones stance to increase stability in the following situations? standing on the deck of a boat standing on a bus which starts and stops suddenly preparing to move in an unknown direction
Q2) What might you do to help you maintain your balance if you were suddenly pushed hard from behind?
Justify your answers.
Q3) An individual is expecting to be pushed from the left side. What would be the best standing position to assume in order to absorb the force without losing one's balance?
A) forward-backward stride stance, line of gravity toward left edge of base of support
B) forward-backward stride, line of gravity in center of base of support
C) side stride stance, line of gravity towards left edge of base of support
D) side stride stance, line of gravity toward right edge of base of support
Q4) Name three things a basketball player might do in order to go from a stationary position to a fast run very quickly.
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16
Chapter 15: Kinesiology of Fitness and Exercise
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss two reflexes which may play a role in the erect standing posture.
Q2) What is the action of the gluteus medius and minimus on the side of the free leg in standing on one foot?
A) supporting the thigh in the flexed position
B) producing inward rotation for balance
C) maintaining the position of the weighted leg
D) supporting the pelvis on the free side
Q3) What can be said about the existence of motion during a "stationary" stance?
A) there is no motion
B) there is slight motion forward and backward
C) there is slight motion side to side
D) there is slight motion in all directions
Q4) What will be the effect on the rest of the weight bearing joints and the spine if a person stands with the knees severely hyperextended, as in wearing high heels?
Q5) Describe the changes in standing posture that might occur in the following situations:
being a pregnant woman carrying a loaded backpack standing on the side of a hill
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Chapter 16: Moving Objects: Pushing and Pulling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why should a person not "bounce" during stretching exercises?
Q2) What differences would exist between an exercise program whose goal is endurance and one for which strength is the program goal?
Q3) How do plyometric jumping exercises act to increase one's vertical jump height?
Q4) Consider the exercise of slow leg raising and lowering in the supine, long lying position. What is the function of the abdominal muscles during the lowering phase and what type of contraction is involved?
A) controlling extension of legs--eccentric contraction
B) stabilizing the pelvis--static contraction
C) tilting the pelvis backward--concentric contraction
D) tilting the pelvis forward--concentric contraction
Q5) What type of exercise is an exercise in which the velocity of muscle contraction is controlled?
A) isometric
B) isotonic
C) isokinetic
D) plyometric
Q6) List and discuss four factors that must be considered in any evaluation of a particular exercise.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Moving Objects: Throwing, Striking, and Kicking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the way in which simultaneous movement patterns are coordinated in order to produce a rectilinear path at the distal end point.
Q2) Why lift a heavy weight by flexing and then extending the knees rather than flexing at the hips and then lifting the trunk?
A) longer lever
B) less force available
C) shorter resistance arm
D) smaller angle of pull
Q3) Which of the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the up phase of the pushup?
A) biceps brachii
B) pectoralis major
C) triceps brachii
D) brachialis
Q4) Which is an example of the continuous application of a simultaneous pattern?
A) a volleyball set
B) landing from a jump
C) pushing a lawn mower
D) putting a shot
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Chapter 18: Locomotion: Solid Surface
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Sample Questions
Q1) Throw-like motions are classified as being ____ in nature.
A) sequential
B) simultaneous
C) combination
D) concurrent
Q2) Why should the pelvic girdle rotate before the arm comes through in executing a hard throw?
Q3) Which of the following does not illustrate an underarm throwing pattern?
A) softball pitch
B) golf swing
C) tennis drive
D) bowling delivery
Q4) Why can you generate a better throw if you move each of the body parts involved in sequence rather than simultaneously?
Q5) Which best describes the striking segment when hitting a ball with as high a velocity as possible?
A) be as close to the axis of rotation as possible
B) have a low angular velocity
C) have a low linear velocity
D) be as far from the axis as possible
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Chapter 19: Locomotion: The Aquatic Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of a bicycles rear gears (smallest or largest) would you use when riding up a steep hill?
Explain your answer.
Q2) Why should the foot of a runner strike the ground directly under the center of gravity if possible?
Q3) Which of the following is the purpose of the arm swing in jumping?
A) accelerate lower extremity downward to increase ground reaction force
B) develop forward momentum
C) transfer forward momentum to body
D) all of the above
Q4) In which direction is the force applied during the propulsion phase of the walk?
A) downward
B) down and backward
C) forward
D) forward and upward
Q5) In a long jump, the center of gravity should be ____ the base of support. A) horizontally far from B) in front of C) directly over D) close to
21
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Chapter 20: Locomotion: When Suspended and Free of Support
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which are the two forces that are primarily responsible for propulsion in swimming?
A) drag and reaction forces
B) lift and buoyancy
C) drag and lift forces
D) reaction forces and buoyancy
Q2) All other factors being equal, which of the following factors govern the speed attained in any swimming stroke?
A) force and distance
B) stroke length and stroke frequency
C) stroke frequency and stroke force
D) stroke force and stroke length
Q3) Which portion of the front crawl stroke contributes the most to stroke velocity?
A) kick
B) arm recovery
C) arm pull
D) action of the feet
Q4) Explain the function of the S-curve path followed by the hand in most swimming strokes.
Q5) Why is a football lineman more likely to float than a marathon runner?
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Chapter 21: Impact
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Sample Questions
Q1) What will make it difficult for an astronaut to walk for exercise in a weightless environment?
Q2) Discuss some of the problems that occur in prolonged weightlessness. Include a discussion of both neuromuscular and anatomical considerations.
Q3) About which point does an unsupported body rotate?
A) the center of gravity
B) the center of torque
C) the part of the body last in contact with the surface
D) the point of force application
Short Answer Questions
Q4) Although an object in motion has no weight in a weightless environment, which of the following does it still possess?
A) mass
B) momentum
C) both a & b
D) none of the above
Q5) How might a gymnast start the swinging motion without help when hanging motionless from the still rings?
Q6) How can a diver slow down the speed of rotation?
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Chapter 22: Instrumentation for Motion Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following determines the amount of force required to stop an object in motion?
A) the mass of the object and the time of force application
B) the velocity of the object and its weight
C) the momentum of the object and the time of force application
D) the initial acceleration of the object
Q2) Why do you land harder the farther you fall?
Q3) Among other things what does the concept of "giving" to catch something involve?
A) flexing the elbow at contact
B) extending the elbow at contact
C) keeping the elbow rigid at contact
D) none of the above
Q4) How much work must be done on a medicine ball in order to catch it and completely stop its motion?
A) work equal to the change in kinetic energy of the ball
B) work equal to the force of the throw
C) work equal to the mass of the object
D) work equal to the weight and velocity of the object
Q5) List the primary considerations in considering the effects of impact on the body.
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