Applied Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Applied Psychology explores the practical implementation of psychological principles, theories, and research to address real-world issues within various settings such as education, healthcare, business, and the legal system. This course covers foundational aspects of psychology, while emphasizing how psychological knowledge can be harnessed to solve problems, improve outcomes, and enhance well-being for individuals and groups. Topics may include psychological assessment, behavior modification, organizational psychology, counseling techniques, and strategies for promoting mental health in diverse populations. Through case studies and applied projects, students will gain hands-on experience and develop critical thinking skills relevant to contemporary challenges in society.
Recommended Textbook
What is Psychology Foundations Applications and Integration 4th Edition by Ellen
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Page 2
E. Pastorino
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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200 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that Dr. Poonamallee finds a correlation of +.68 between the amount of humor professors use and the grades that students earn in their classes. What can he appropriately conclude from this finding?
A) There is no meaningful relationship between these two variables.
B) Greater use of humor is associated with higher grades.
C) Greater use of humor is associated with lower grades.
D) Humor, or the lack of it, causes student grades to be higher or lower.
Answer: B
Q2) The function of the _______ is to ensure that the research study being proposed conforms to a set of ethical standards or guidelines.
A) IRB or HREC
B) ILO
C) ISB
D) None of these are correct.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) ?70 millivolts is to ____ as ?55 millivolts is to ____.
A) resting potential; threshold of excitation
B) threshold of excitation; resting potential
C) home electrical capacity; the body's electrical capacity
D) the body's electrical capacity; home electrical capacity
Answer: A
Q2) Motor neurons are to ____ as sensory neurons are to ____.
A) outward; inward
B) inward; outward
C) inhibitory; excitatory
D) excitatory; inhibitory
Answer: A
Q3) The structure in the brain that connects the endocrine system and the nervous system is the ____.
A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) amygdala
D) thalamus
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure is part of the inner ear?
A) Stirrup
B) Eardrum
C) Cochlea
D) Auditory canal
Answer: C
Q2) Which skin structure is important to the sense of touch?
A) Krause's end bulbs
B) Merkel's disks
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Free nerve endings
Answer: B
Q3) If you like the taste of Asian food, you may be especially sensitive to a "fifth taste" called ____.
A) umami
B) cumin
C) monosodium
D) gestalt
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) PCP inhibits the neurotransmitter ____, which is involved in the perception of pain, responses to the environment, and memory.
A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) acetylcholine
D) glutamate
Q2) Which theory proposes that dreaming is a way to rehearse responses to events that endanger our survival?
A) Mental consolidation theory
B) Activation-synthesis theory
C) Danger evocation theory
D) Threat simulation theory
Q3) If you were hypnotized, you should expect that you would ____.
A) be hyper-aware of your surroundings
B) not be in control of your body
C) be very relaxed
D) show an increase in beta brain waves
Q4) Define tolerance and substance use disorder, and describe how they are related.
Q5) Compare and contrast nicotine with amphetamines.
Q6) Describe the sleep cycle from start to finish.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) You and your date both witness a fight in a bar, but you each have very different emotional reactions to this event. You find it amusing, but your date becomes very afraid. Which theory of emotion best explains why you each would have different emotional reactions to the fight?
A) The James-Lange theory
B) The Cannon-Bard theory
C) Facial feedback hypothesis
D) Cognitive-mediational theory
Q2) Helena works for a fast food restaurant, and for the last three months she has been named the employee of the month. In psychological terms, Helena appears to have a great deal of ____ to succeed at her job.
A) insight
B) motivation
C) hunger
D) dutifulness
Q3) Describe our understanding of intuitive and nonintuitive eating.
Q4) What research-based evidence suggests homosexuality may have a biological basis in some people?
Q5) Are emotions understood across cultures? Explain your response.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a step in Bandura's theory of the process involved in social learning?
A) Reinforcement
B) Motivation
C) Validation
D) Punishment
Q2) Thorndike concluded that his cats were learning because ____.
A) they ran to the normal feeding spot whenever the can opener was turned on
B) the number of eye blinks decreased after being exposed to conditioning techniques
C) they responded to a light whenever food was presented to them
D) across repeated placements in a box, it took them a shorter amount of time to get out of the box
Q3) Joseph tells his buddies at work a joke that makes fun of women. To his surprise, his friends ignore him for several days. As a result, Joseph decides never again to tell a joke like that at work. Joseph's experience is an example of what type of consequence?
A) Positive punishment
B) Negative punishment
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Negative reinforcement
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8
Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory memories help us to ____.
A) retain impressions of our sensory experiences forever
B) process sensations long enough to send them on to short-term memory
C) use sensory experiences to recall other information
D) process emotional memories
Q2) If you are just introduced to a group of individuals and then immediately asked to recall their names, you would probably have most difficulty remembering the names of individuals who were presented ____.
A) last
B) both first and last
C) first
D) in the middle
Q3) Typing information into a computer is most analogous to the ____ of memory traces in humans.
A) storage
B) review
C) retrieval
D) encoding
Q4) Describe decay theory of forgetting.
Q5) Describe the traditional three-stages memory model.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When researchers used a keyboard to teach language to a bonobo chimpanzee named Matata, they were surprised to find that ____.
A) Matata was more interested in playing catch with the keyboard than using it to communicate
B) Matata's infant stepson Kanzi learned how to use the keyboard far better than Matata simply by observing
C) Matata was able to learn the keyboard symbols that were taught, but was unable to create new forms of language on her own
D) Matata not only learned the keyboard symbols that she was taught, but she began creating new forms of language that were not taught
Q2) According to Daniel Goleman, a person with a high level of intellectual abilities may still struggle in an intellectual pursuit if ____ intelligence is lacking.
A) practical
B) interpersonal C) analytical D) emotional
Q3) Describe the stages that infants and children go through as they learn language.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kyle is tempted to take some beers from his father's garage refrigerator. Kyle reflects upon how his father might find out and then would be very disappointed with Kyle. Kyle values his father's love and respect, and so decides not to take the beer. Kyle is most likely in Kohlberg's ______ stage of moral reasoning.
A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) formal
Q2) Regarding the long-term effects of early and late maturation in puberty, the research studies show that _____ are more likely to be sexually victimized.
A) early-maturing females
B) late-maturing females
C) early-maturing males
D) late-maturing males
Q3) The male version of "menopause" is termed ____.
A) andropause
B) menoslide
C) testoslide
D) testopause
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive consistency theories refer to people being ____.
A) comfortable with inconsistencies between their attitudes and behavior
B) comfortable with inconsistencies between their attitudes and other attitudes
C) uncomfortable with inconsistencies between their attitudes and behaviors
D) able to model their behaviors after the attitudes of others they observe
Q2) Instrumental aggression is to ____, as hostile aggression is to ____.
A) individualistic cultures; collectivistic cultures
B) satisfaction of a goal; desire to hurt
C) legal; illegal
D) serotonin; testosterone
Q3) The couple in Apartment 3C is fighting yet again, and from the sound of it, this fight may go beyond words. Who is most likely to do something?
A) Tiera, who has lived in 3D for many years and hears nothing especially different about this fight
B) Tony, who was once in an abusive relationship and is very fearful of fights
C) Marcia, who knows that she the only person on the floor at the moment
D) Alaina, who is terribly busy with both her job and classes
Q4) Compare and contrast the concepts of stereotype and prejudice and provide a clear example of each.
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Chapter 11: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl Rogers believed that the actualizing tendency is ____.
A) set at birth
B) learned in early childhood
C) learned in adolescence
D) learned in adulthood
Q2) Tai Pen is reliable, hardworking, and punctual. Tai Pen would score high on which dimension of the five factor trait theory?
A) Agreeableness
B) Openness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Neuroticism
Q3) The ego is to ____, as the id is to ____.
A) pleasure; reality
B) reality; pleasure
C) angelic; devilish
D) devilish; angelic
Q4) Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control.
Q5) Compare the purpose and use of the MMPI-2 and the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
Q6) Explain the difference between cardinal, central, and secondary traits.
Q7) How does the organismic valuing process feed into one's self-concept?
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Chapter 12: Health, Stress, and Coping
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend believes that Type A personalities are more likely to suffer heart attacks. You can tell him that ____.
A) what you learned in your psychology class supports that belief
B) more recent research shows that it is actually Type B personalities who are more likely to suffer heart attacks
C) having a hostile or angry attitude seems to be more associated with heart attacks than being competitive and aggressive
D) more recent research shows that being easygoing is the most important contributor to heart attacks because this characteristic leaves the body unprepared for physical stress
Q2) Vincent is expecting to hear from his girlfriend when her plane arrives in Chicago. When he does not hear from her he gets angry and feels stressed, assuming at first that she's ignoring him. He decides to think of other reasons why she may not have called, such as her plane being late. Vincent has engaged in what type of coping strategy?
A) Defense mechanisms
B) Primary appraisal
C) Cognitive reappraisal
D) Problem-focused coping
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Mental Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with borderline personality disorder ____.
A) do not have any biological problems that could cause or influence the disorder
B) often report being abused or neglected as children
C) show unusually strong stability in moods and self-image
D) are usually young men
Q2) Which factor has been linked to the development of schizophrenia?
A) Exposure to viruses during prenatal development
B) Repetitive exposure to high-energy electromagnetic fields
C) Young paternal age
D) High socioeconomic status
Q3) Freud believed that depression resulted from ____.
A) failure of repression to adequately defend the ego
B) an unresolved Oedipal complex
C) anger and hatred directed inward
D) the development of anal-retentiveness
Q4) Describe the criteria used to determine if a person's behavior is considered abnormal.
Q5) Describe borderline personality disorder.
Q6) Discuss two common myths about suicide, including the truth regarding each myth.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Mental Health Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychotherapy is for ____.
A) individuals who have a psychological disorder only
B) people with very good medical insurance only
C) young people more than old people
D) a variety of people with a variety of types of problems
Q2) Makena is in therapy for depression. Makena and her therapist work together in therapy to identify her negative automatic thoughts. They then test the accuracy of these thoughts. Makena is most likely undergoing ____.
A) behavior modification
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive therapy
D) client-centered therapy
Q3) Lithium is most effective in treating ____.
A) depressive states
B) thought disorders
C) anxiety
D) manic states
Q4) Describe two behavior therapy techniques that are based on operant conditioning principles.
Q5) What are the critical elements of client-centered therapy?
Page 16
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