Course Introduction
Applied Anthropology
Chapter Exam Questions
Applied Anthropology explores the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and perspectives to solve real-world problems across diverse contexts such as health, education, development, business, and public policy. This course emphasizes how anthropologists engage with communities, organizations, and institutions to address social issues, promote cultural understanding, and facilitate positive change. Students will examine case studies and project-based approaches to learn how anthropological knowledge informs ethical decision-making and the design of effective interventions in multicultural settings.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 3rd Edition by Nancy Bonvillain
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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Q1) Ethnology is a subfield within __________.
A) archaeology
B) biological anthropology
C) cultural anthropology
D) linguistic anthropology
Answer: C
Q2) Archaeology is very well suited to the study of culture change because
A) material culture changes more quickly than any other aspect of culture
B) changes in culture are most easily detectible in material culture
C) it is the most scientific of anthropology's subdisciplines
D) its range covers a great depth of time
Answer: D
Q3) In 1996, the U.S. Board of Immigration Appeals ruled __________ in the asylum case of Fauziya Kassindja.
A) that female circumcision is a valid cultural practice
B) that female circumcision is a form of persecution
C) that the United States has no jurisdiction over practices in Togo
D) that the United States can sue Togo
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Q1) A __________ is a type of nonviolent, reactive adaptation in which people try to resurrect their culture heroes and restore their traditional way of life.
A) conservative movement
B) revitalization movement
C) great awakening
D) spiritual movement
Answer: B
Q2) The change in violence and sexual activity in American film content since the 1960s is an example of __________.
A) intentional culture change
B) unintentional culture change
C) external culture change
D) diffusion
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Studying Culture
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Q1) Which of the following anthropological perspectives would be useful for understanding the impact warfare between societies has on cultural norms and practices?
A) conflict
B) materialist
C) structuralist
D) interpretive
Answer: A
Q2) Morgan proposed a __________ stages evolutionary scheme for all societies based on many comparative criteria.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Language and Culture
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Q1) Although both the biblical story of Babel and the Snohomish story of raising the sky both explain the existence of different languages, they differ in that __________.
A) in the Snohomish story the source of different languages is not divine B) in the Snohomish story people can still work together effectively C) in the Snohomish story people cannot still work together effectively
D) in the Snohomish story the creation of different languages is a divine punishment
Q2) __________ is the study of culture through people's use of language to categorize and classify people, objects, activities, and experiences.
A) Sociolinguistics
B) Ethnosemantics
C) Ethnography of communication
D) Componential analysis
Q3) The Native American language with the largest number of home speakers is
A) Apache
B) Navajo
C) Cherokee
D) Yupik
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Chapter 5: Learning Ones Culture
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Q1) The Efe system of child rearing is a result of __________ as well as enmeshed, mutually dependent social and economic systems.
A) the requirement to engage in multiple tasks at the same time
B) a desire to make children self-reliant
C) the need to teach children to forage for themselves
D) a respect for the natural curiosity of children
Q2) Weaning tends to take place later when __________ is/are not readily available. A) medical advice
B) prenatal care
C) household help
D) replacement foods
Q3) __________ is an important aspect of socialization for Japanese children.
A) Windungu
B) Learning to be independent
C) Politeness and attentiveness to others
D) Learning to put oneself first
Q4) What has research with the Kpelle of Liberia revealed about the relationship between culture and cognition?
Q5) How is gender identity structured in the Western world? Give a few examples.
Page 7
Q6) What is an initiation rite and what does it serve? Give an example.
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Chapter 6: Making a Living
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Q1) Today __________ has forced almost all the Nuer to give up pastoralism and seek refuge outside Sudan.
A) a drought
B) Sudan's relocation policies
C) a civil war
D) a crash in the market price of cattle
Q2) The Dobe Ju/'hoansi live in __________.
A) the Congo River basin
B) East African savanna regions
C) the Kalahari Desert of Botswana and Namibia
D) forested areas of northern Angola
Q3) Which of the following regions is NOT an area where agriculture was invented?
A) the Middle East
B) China
C) Europe
D) Central and South America
Q4) How does food distribution work in general in foraging societies? What are the specifics for meat? For vegetable foods?
Q5) What is significant about the development of specialists in agricultural societies?
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Chapter 7: Economic Systems
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Q1) How is the relationship between labor and social status reflected in relative contributions to subsistence?
A) Individuals that contribute the most to subsistence always have the highest social status.
B) The relationship between labor and social status is contextual.
C) In societies where men have higher social status than women, men perform most of the subsistence work.
D) There is no relationship between labor and social status.
Q2) The new complex machinery and new sources of energy enabled workers to
A) create more products in the same amount of time
B) create more products in more time
C) create less products in more time
D) create less products in less time
Q3) What are the three basic components of capitalist production? Explain why each is necessary for capitalism to function.
Q4) Explain how changes in economic systems lead to status differences and social inequalities.
Q5) List and explain the general features that characterize industrial agriculture.
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Chapter 8: Kinship and Descent
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Q1) In patrilineal descent groups, women bear children for their husband's lineage and are __________ members of their own descent group.
A) the prime
B) important
C) secondary
D) temporary
Q2) __________ are chosen informally today by the Mohawk based on public recognition of their good advice, intelligence, and personal charisma.
A) Clan mothers
B) Clan chiefs
C) God mothers
D) God fathers
Q3) In what ways are clans different from lineages? How are the two the same?
Q4) What are the differences in the structures of matrilineal and patrilineal systems? Why do these affect marriages differently?
Q5) Explain how unilineal descent systems act in a corporate manner for the benefit of members. Provide examples.
Q6) Compare and contrast the different kinship terminology systems.
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Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
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Q1) Many anthropologists favor understanding the incest taboo as __________.
A) a biologically designed trait that prevents inbreeding
B) a means of ensuring survival by forcing people to make alliances with others outside their nuclear families
C) not intended to prohibit sibling marriage
D) a cultural response to the biological consequences of inbreeding
Q2) In extremely patriarchal societies, __________ may be grounds for divorce.
A) a wife's desire for a divorce
B) a wife not producing a son
C) mutual agreement for divorce
D) a wife's family's request for their daughter's return
Q3) An extended family is expanded __________, while a joint family is expanded
A) geographically, culturally
B) culturally, geographically
C) laterally, vertically
D) vertically, laterally
Q4) Discuss different explanations for the universal incest taboo. What do most anthropologists believe?
Q5) Describe several economic deterrents to divorce.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Gender
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Q1) The term __________ describes the norms of interaction between men and women, which may reflect differences in the relative status, prestige, and power of women and men.
A) gender
B) gender relations
C) gender roles
D) gender model
Q2) All societies have some sort of taboo against __________.
A) same-sex marriage
B) arranged marriage
C) pre-marital sex
D) incest
Q3) Transvestism is defined as __________.
A) homosexuality
B) gender confusion
C) a mental disorder resulting in homophobia
D) cross-dressing to look like someone of the opposite gender
Q4) Explain the distinction between gender and sex. In what ways do the two intersect? In what ways are they different?
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Chapter 11: Equality and Inequality
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Q1) In some countries such as __________ stratification of ethnic groups has led to civil war.
A) Chile
B) former Yugoslavia
C) Egypt
D) Haiti
Q2) __________ is the ability to exert control over the actions of other people and make decisions that affect them.
A) Achieved status
B) Power
C) Wealth
D) Status
Q3) Although classes rank people from birth, they are not necessarily lifelong positions for people, who may change position through __________.
A) achievement
B) advance in age
C) ethnic membership
D) public recognition for service
Q4) Discuss the situation of Burakumin as an outgroup in Japan.
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Chapter 12: Political Systems
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Q1) As discussed on page 313, few societies are ideal "types." However, which of the following list of attributes best fits a tribal society?
A) egalitarian, dependent on agriculture, relatively small population, little violence
B) foragers, nomadic, little violence, run by an authoritative council
C) chiefs with the power to enforce their decisions, foragers, established trade routes, private property
D) dependent on agriculture, chiefs with the power to enforce their decisions, storage of a surplus, social stratification
Q2) Societies have gone through many social and political transitions in human history. What kinds of social changes do you think that globalization will lead to in the future? How will this affect our current concept of societal "types," including bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states?
Q3) Functions of political organizations in society do NOT include __________.
A) settling disputes
B) organizing activities
C) selecting leaders
D) developing new technology
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Chapter 13: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
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Q1) In rural India, conflict among whom is considered inappropriate and violates the ethics of family solidarity?
A) brothers
B) sisters
C) parents
D) grandparents
Q2) Reciprocal relationships are a point of difficulty in Toraja society because
A) only the extended family can be depended on
B) very high rates of interest are always charged for favors
C) great value is placed on self-sufficiency
D) a person who is denied a request experiences great shame
Q3) Siblings may compete against each other for favor in their families when
A) there is property to inherit
B) primogeniture is the rule of inheritance
C) polyandrous marriage patterns are common
D) there are no automatic rules for inheritance
Q4) Explain the role of conflict and the avoidance of conflict in dominance hierarchies among primates.
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Chapter 14: Religion
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Q1) Hinduism is a __________ religion.
A) polytheistic
B) monotheistic
C) animist
D) animatistic
Q2) Siddhartha Gautama, Jesus, and Muhammad are all __________.
A) revitalizationists
B) nativistic
C) prophets
D) fundamentalists
Q3) __________ is/are invocations, prayers, prophecies, songs of praise, and curses that are powerful means of transmitting messages about the world and also how the world was created.
A) Religion
B) Religious specialists
C) Ceremonies
D) Religious speech
Q4) Explain rites of passage in terms of Van Gennep's three step process by using an example from a society with which you are familiar.
Q5) Give five functions of religion in society with an example for each.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Arts
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Q1) Secular stories that relate events that teach moral lessons or entertain listeners are __________.
A) sacred narratives
B) fairy tales
C) folktales
D) biographies
Q2) Toraja society is __________, and tourism has led to competition among formerly harmonious segments of society.
A) ranked
B) egalitarian
C) heterogeneous
D) non-violent
Q3) __________ is taught and played in every country of the world.
A) European classical music
B) European rap music
C) European folk music (REMEMBER;
D) European pop music
Q4) Discuss how art is viewed in American society by comparing and contrasting art found at MOMA with that found at the National Gallery.
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Chapter 16: Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
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Q1) Which of the following examples was NOT a pacification tactic used by colonial administrators?
A) Establishing posts in interior districts in order to deepen their control and create multiple centers of influence.
B) Permitting the preservation of indigenous customs so long as they did not contribute to disorder and resistance.
C) Instilling fear and obedience by bringing swift and abrupt change to the lives of indigenous people.
D) Demonstrating benevolence and creating goodwill by returning prisoners to their communities.
Q2) A consequence of the enormous native loss of life due to conquest and disease in Spanish America was __________.
A) an economic depression caused by lack of labor
B) a shift to agriculture and away from mining
C) the importation of African slaves
D) land grants to any Spaniards who would settle in the Spanish Americas
Q3) How was education used by the British and then Australian governments to strengthen their control over Aboriginal peoples?
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18
Chapter 17: Living in a Global World
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Q1) In 2008, the maquiladoras employed more than __________ people.
A) 200,000
B) 100,000
C) 500,000
D) 400,000
Q2) According to customary international law, customary rights include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
A) the right to maintain languages and cultural practices
B) the right to obtain welfare, health, educational, and social services
C) the right to repatriate skeletal remains and cultural items
D) the right to self-determination
Q3) Initiatives aimed at conservation have __________.
A) demonstrated that the occupation and activity of indigenous peoples leads to a reduction in biodiversity
B) protected the rights of indigenous peoples to remain on their land
C) forced indigenous peoples to leave their land
D) generated income for indigenous peoples through the development of ecotourism
Q4) How have transnational migration and new technologies operated in concert to make transnationalism possible in ways it was not before the 20<sup>th</sup> century?
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