American History I Exam Questions
Course Introduction
American History I provides a comprehensive overview of the political, social, economic, and cultural development of the United States from pre-Columbian times through the end of the Civil War. The course explores Native American cultures, European exploration and colonization, the formation of colonial societies, the causes and consequences of the American Revolution, the creation of the Constitution, early national expansion, and the growing conflicts over slavery that ultimately led to the Civil War. Through primary sources, scholarly texts, and critical discussion, students will gain an understanding of the foundations of American society and the forces that shaped its early history.
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Created Equal A History of the United States Volume 1 5th Edition by Jacqueline Jones
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Chapter 1: First Founders
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Q1) The Bering Land Bridge allowed humans to travel from __________.
A) Asia to North America
B) Africa to Asia
C) Europe to North America
D) Europe to Asia
Answer: A
Q2) John Cabot __________.
A) obtained a license from Henry VII of England to explore the North Atlantic
B) established Portugal's claim to Brazil
C) established France's claim to Canada
D) discovered the Mississippi River
Answer: A
Q3) A Viking expedition led by __________ reached Greenland in the 980s.
A) William the Conqueror
B) Erik the Red
C) Leif Erikson
D) Henry the Navigator
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: European Footholds in North America, 1600-1660
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Q1) Maryland's Act Concerning Religion __________.
A) guaranteed toleration for all settlers who professed a belief in Jesus Christ
B) extended civil liberties to Jews
C) was repealed by the Crown
D) led to a civil war in the colony
Answer: A
Q2) More than anything else, John Winthrop wanted Massachusetts Bay Colony to be a(n) __________.
A) example for the rest of the world
B) self-contained community
C) enormous financial success
D) independent country
Answer: A
Q3) __________ played a key role in demonstrating the viability of tobacco cultivation Virginia.
A) John Smith
B) Richard Hakluyt
C) William Brewster
D) John Rolfe
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Controlling the Edges of the Continent, 1660-1715
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Q1) Which of the following was the final event that led to open resistance to the rule of James II?
A) the birth of a male heir to the throne
B) the disbanding of Parliament
C) the creation of a standing army
D) the placement of a Catholic in command of the navy
Answer: A
Q2) What promise did the Iroquois make after King William's War?
A) to remain neutral during any future wars between England and France
B) to remain at peace for fifty years
C) to fight for the British in any future wars
D) to fight for France in any future wars
Answer: A
Q3) The Navigation Acts helped spur a decade of warfare between England and
A) France
B) Holland
C) Spain
D) Portugal
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: African Enslavement: The Terrible Transformation
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Q1) Virginia's Negro Act of 1705 included which of the following?
A) When a master or overseer killed a slave while inflicting punishment, they were automatically free of any felony charges.
B) Slaves had the right to bring lawsuits in court.
C) Slave owners could not torture or otherwise make an example of recaptured runaways.
D) If a slave was killed, by law the slave owner was entitled to a new slave.
Q2) Slavery in South Carolina was closely patterned after slavery in __________.
A) Barbados and the Caribbean
B) Virginia and the Chesapeake
C) New Spain
D) Brazil
Q3) How did Britain's participation in the Atlantic slave trade evolve from 1640 to the 1730s?
Q4) Manumissions were __________.
A) common throughout the North American colonies
B) given often in the southern colonies
C) restricted in Virginia since the late seventeenth century
D) granted regularly in Virginia in the eighteenth century
Q5) What factors fueled the Stono Rebellion?
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Chapter 5: Colonial Diversity, 1713-1763
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Q1) Old Lights __________.
A) tried to preserve the sacred traditions of the established churches
B) emphasized head-knowledge and the role of rational enlightenment
C) led revival movements and inspired a new religious devotion in the colonies
D) failed to establish any lasting influence on colonial churches
Q2) By 1760, __________ was larger than Boston.
A) Trenton
B) New York
C) Annapolis
D) Charleston
Q3) What did Indians use a travois for?
A) to defeat their enemies in battle
B) to transport their possessions
C) to call on the gods for help
D) to communicate with other tribes
Q4) The acquisition of firearms helped the Sioux ____________.
A) push all the way to the Pacific Ocean
B) defeat the Comanche
C) fend off the Spanish
D) become the dominant power on the Great Plains
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Chapter 6: The Limits of Imperial Control, 1763-1775
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Q1) What was the primary objective of Russian policies and actions in Alaska?
A) to create new Russian farm communities
B) to convert local peoples to Christianity
C) to gain access to furs
D) to establish a strategic outpost
Q2) What major challenge did the Spanish face after 1763?
A) how to make a smooth transition to republican government
B) how to get along with its new French allies
C) how to defend its expanded American empire from European rivals
D) how to regain the territory it lost in the Treaty of Paris
Q3) Who were the Regulators and what did they want?
Q4) What was the most effective form of protest used by the colonists?
A) public demonstrations
B) threats of violence against crown officials
C) colonial assemblies sending petitions to the crown
D) boycotts of British goods
Q5) Describe the steps that led to Spanish colonization of the California coast.
Q6) What measures did George Grenville take in an effort to impose order on Britain's American colonies?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Revolutionaries at War, 1775-1783
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Q1) Bernardo de Gálvez was __________.
A) the governor of Spanish Louisiana
B) a Franciscan friar
C) killed at the Battle of Fort Mobile
D) a spy in the pay of the British
Q2) What mistake did the British make in late 1776?
A) They failed to press their advantage over Washington's army.
B) They ignored American peace overtures.
C) They sought to destroy the entire American army.
D) They killed civilians and destroyed crops.
Q3) After stinging defeats at Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse, Cornwallis __________.
A) retreated to Yorktown to be resupplied by the Royal Navy
B) regrouped his army and captured the capital of North Carolina
C) turned loose the dragoons under Banistre Tarelton to wage a war against the civilian population
D) retreated back to Charleston to await fresh troops
Q4) How did public pressure lead to the decision to issue the Declaration of Independence?
Q5) How did Washington turn the tide of war in late 1776 and early 1777?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: New Beginnings: the 1780s
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Q1) The Land Ordinance of 1785 laid out a plan for __________.
A) blocking Spanish expansion in North America
B) distributing land to veterans
C) establishing Congressional districts
D) the organization of the United States' western territory
Q2) The Connecticut Wits were known for their __________.
A) nationalistic poetry
B) novels and short stories
C) satires of daily life
D) critiques of American politics
Q3) Which of the following was true of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention?
A) More than half were lawyers.
B) Few delegates had ever met before.
C) They represented a cross-section of American society.
D) They all agreed that the current government was insufficiently democratic.
Q4) Describe the key aspects of the postwar economic crisis.
Q5) How did James Madison select the amendments that would become the Bill of Rights?
Q6) What was the Newburgh conspiracy and why is it important?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Revolutionary Legacies, 1789-1803
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Q1) Gabriel plotted a rebellion to seize __________.
A) Charleston
B) Richmond
C) Charlotte
D) Washington D.C.
Q2) Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris in 1803 to __________.
A) secure American trading rights to New Orleans
B) negotiate a peace treaty
C) purchase the Louisiana Territory
D) protest French policies in the Caribbean
Q3) Charles Talleyrand, the __________ foreign minister, was linked to the XYZ Affair.
A) Spanish
B) Dutch
C) British
D) French
Q4) What led to the violent conflict between whites and Indians in the Great Lakes region in the 1780s and 1790s? What was the ultimate outcome of these clashes?
Q5) Detail the impact of the new political and economic climate on northern blacks.
Q6) What were the qualities of the ideal Republican mother?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Defending and Expanding the New Nation, 1804-1818
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Q1) What demand did the British make at the peace negotiations in Ghent?
A) that an Indian territory be created in the upper Great Lakes region
B) that the United States pay a large war indemnity
C) that the United States cede parts of Georgia
D) that the United States declare war on France
Q2) The __________ model of textile production relied on young women for labor.
A) Lowell
B) Rhode Island
C) Birmingham
D) Manchester
Q3) Which of the following used their success in the War of 1812 as a springboard for an impressive political career?
A) Andrew Jackson
B) Anthony Wayne
C) Oliver Hazard Perry
D) Francis Scott Key
Q4) What led to the Market Revolution?
Q5) How did the institution of slavery change in the first decades of the nineteenth century?
Q6) In what ways was Speaker of the House Henry Clay typical of the war hawks? Page 12
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Chapter 11: Society and Politics in the Age of the Common
Man, 1819-1832
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Q1) How did free black communities in the North respond to the challenges of segregation and discrimination in the first three decades of the nineteenth century?
Q2) The architect of the Monroe Doctrine was __________.
A) John Jay
B) James Monroe
C) Henry Clay
D) John Quincy Adams
Q3) Which of the following was a core value of the American Victorians?
A) the absolute equality of men and women
B) disdain for manual labor
C) the importance of social classes
D) belief in the significance of the individual
Q4) Southerners called the tariff of __________ the "Tariff of Abominations."
A) 1832
B) 1828
C) 1824
D) 1820
Q5) What were the core values of early American Victorianism?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Peoples in Motion, 1832-1848
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Q1) Which of the following was true of Dorothea Dix?
A) She got her start as reformer as a Sunday school teacher.
B) She was primarily interested in women's rights.
C) She brought the settlement house idea to America.
D) She was born in abject poverty.
Q2) Anti-Jackson forces, led by __________, formed the Whig party.
A) Nicholas Biddle
B) Henry Clay
C) Daniel Webster
D) Martin Van Buren
Q3) Horace Mann was the leading promoter of __________.
A) urban sanitation systems
B) women's property rights
C) prison reform
D) public school systems
Q4) Who led the led the Seminole resistance in the Second Seminole War?
A) John Ross
B) Osceola
C) John Ridge
D) Elias Boudinot
Page 15
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Chapter 13: The Crisis Over Slavery, 1848-1860
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Q1) During the 1850s, __________ grew increasingly important in Texas.
A) commercial farming
B) manufacturing
C) subsistence homesteading
D) silver mining
Q2) In 1848, the Free-Soil party nominated __________ for president.
A) General Zachary Taylor
B) Martin Van Buren
C) John C. Fremont
D) Daniel D. Thompkins
Q3) In effect, the ruling in the Dred Scott case __________.
A) declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
B) banned slavery north of Missouri
C) invalidated the Fugitive Slave Law
D) declared the Kansas-Nebraska Act unconstitutional
Q4) During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln __________.
A) voiced his opposition to the expansion of slavery
B) declared his intent to root out slavery in the South
C) argued in favor of interracial marriage
D) called for war against the South
Page 16
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Chapter 14: To Fight to Gain a Country: the Civil War
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Q1) What led to the April 1863 riot by several hundred Richmond women?
A) food shortages
B) a new draft law
C) a series of Confederate defeats
D) layoffs at the Tredegar Iron Works
Q2) Which of the following was demonstrated by the Quantrill raid on Lawrence, Kansas?
A) the fact that the Confederacy was losing the war
B) the superiority of Confederate generals
C) the vulnerability of the North to invasion
D) the precariousness of the Union's position
Q3) The first weeks of the war revealed that the South __________.
A) intended to invade New England
B) was well-prepared for a long war
C) had few well-trained soldiers
D) intended to conquer western territory for slavery
Q4) Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What were the practical and symbolic consequences of this decision?
Q5) Describe the experience of African American soldiers in the Union army.
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Chapter 15: Consolidating a Triumphant Union, 1865-1877
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Q1) Field Order Number 15 provided land to __________.
A) newly freed slaves
B) white Northerners
C) poor white Southerners
D) Union veterans
Q2) Boss Tweed was the leader of __________'s Tammany Hall.
A) New York
B) Boston
C) Chicago
D) San Francisco
Q3) Greenbacks were __________.
A) promissory notes
B) stock certificates
C) government bonds
D) wartime paper currency
Q4) President Johnson was impeached for violating the __________.
A) Force Act
B) Freedmen's Bureau Act
C) Tenure of Office Act
D) Civil Rights Act of 1867
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Q1) Why did Sitting Bull leave William Cody's "Wild West" show after just one year?
A) White audiences jeered him.
B) He got a better offer from a rival show.
C) He fell sick.
D) He was needed by his people.
Q2) What led to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
A) an outbreak of cholera in northeastern cities
B) a series of terrorist attacks in Chicago, Boston, and New York
C) a general desire to limit immigration among most Americans
D) nativist sentiment on the West Coast
Q3) Which of the following groups found work in California's fruit orchards and vegetable farms?
A) Polish immigrants
B) Japanese immigrants
C) Jewish immigrants
D) Italian immigrants
Q4) What role did urban machines play in late nineteenth-century American cities?
Q5) What were the core beliefs of Social Darwinists? How did William Graham Sumner and Josiah Strong apply Social Darwinism to American society?
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Chapter 17: Challenges to Government and Corporate
Power, 1877-1890
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Q1) __________ preached what came to be called the Ghost Dance.
A) Crazy Horse
B) Pontiac
C) Little Turtle
D) Wovoka
Q2) Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives helped galvanize public support for which of the following?
A) social welfare programs
B) the temperance movement
C) slum clearance and housing codes
D) new restrictions on child labor
Q3) Which of the following was true of the Exodusters?
A) They left the South to escape white racism.
B) They settled in the Caribbean.
C) They sought to change southern society from within.
D) They were mostly well-off landowners.
Q4) What were the goals of the Knights of Labor in the 1880s?
Q5) Why did reformers consider the Indian reservation system a failure? What did they want to put in its place?
Q6) Describe Jane Addams's career as a social reformer. Page 20
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Chapter 18: Political and Cultural Conflict in a Decade of Depression
and War: the 1890s
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Q1) Why did Kate Chopin's 1899 novel The Awakening prompt outrage among critics?
A) They rejected her conceptualization of war.
B) They claimed that the plot involved too much bloodshed.
C) They objected to the sympathetic portrayal of the heroine.
D) They were scandalized by the novel's sexual content.
Q2) According to the Hearst newspapers, who was responsible for the destruction of the Maine?
A) the Spanish
B) Cuban rebels
C) incompetent American sailors
D) the company that made the ship
Q3) The 1890 __________ Tariff imposed a high duty on a wide variety of imported goods.
A) Garfield
B) Roosevelt
C) Hawley-Smoot
D) McKinley
Q4) Explain Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis. Why did he think that 1890 was a turning point in American history?
Page 22
Q5) What motives were behind American overseas expansion in the 1890s?
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Chapter
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Q1) The militancy of the suffrage movement in __________ inspired American activists to develop new tactics and international alliances.
A) Sweden
B) Germany
C) England
D) France
Q2) Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" sought to stabilize the economy and institute social reforms by __________.
A) giving power back to the states
B) deregulating key industries
C) funding private charity organizations
D) expanding the size and scope of the federal government
Q3) Which of the following had a strong influence on the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People?
A) the Niagara Movement
B) the Seneca Falls conference
C) the labor movement
D) the temperance movement
Q4) How did Henry Ford revolutionize automobile production?
Page 23
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Chapter 20: War and Revolution, 1912-1920
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Q1) The American tradition of isolationism went as far back as the __________.
A) Washington administration
B) Civil War
C) Spanish-American War
D) Jackson administration
Q2) Before World War I, the most important region of the world for the United States was __________.
A) East Asia
B) Africa
C) western Europe
D) Latin America
Q3) Who benefited the most from the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913?
A) consumers
B) manufacturers
C) bankers
D) ranchers
Q4) Why did the United States declare its neutrality at the beginning of World War I?
Q5) What was the connection between European global expansion and the growing tensions between European powers?
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Chapter 21: All That Jazz: the 1920s
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Q1) How did automobiles shape the society and culture of the 1920s?
Q2) In 1924, __________ declared, "The business of America is business."
A) Andrew Mellon
B) Henry Ford
C) Herbert Hoover
D) Calvin Coolidge
Q3) The number of passenger cars in the nation __________ during the 1920s.
A) increased tenfold
B) more than tripled
C) almost doubled
D) grew by 50 percent
Q4) Reporters at the time cast the Scopes trial as a struggle between __________.
A) immigrants and native-born Americans
B) blacks and whites
C) good and evil
D) science and religion
Q5) Explain the causes of the stock market crash. What role did the crash play in causing the Great Depression? What other factors were at play?
Q6) Describe the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s.
Q7) Describe the case of Buck v. Bell. What issues were at stake?
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Chapter 22: Hardship and Hope: the Great Depression of the 1930s
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Q1) Describe the political career of Huey Long.
Q2) What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?
A) to prevent foreclosures on family homes
B) to make government credit available to banks
C) to subsidize farm prices
D) to provide funds for urban renewal
Q3) Who did the public blame for the military assault on the bonus marchers?
A) Douglas MacArthur
B) Herbert Hoover
C) Calvin Coolidge
D) Franklin Roosevelt
Q4) The TVA was an experiment in __________.
A) centralized economic planning
B) government-owned utilities
C) collective farming
D) nationalized transportation networks
Q5) How did Herbert Hoover respond to the Depression?
Q6) What were the root causes of the Great Depression?
Q8) What was the Civilian Conservation Corps and what did it achieve? Page 26
Q7) What led to the Flint strike of 1936? What were the strike's consequences?
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Chapter 23: Global Conflict: World War Ii, 1937-1945
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Q1) During the 1930s, American leaders tried to __________.
A) forge an alliance with Japan
B) contain Japan's expansion in Asia
C) foment civil war in Japan
D) convince China to declare war on Japan
Q2) Which of the following best helps explain the extreme brutality of the war in the Pacific?
A) the absence of sustained fighting on land
B) Japanese racism
C) racism on both sides
D) American racism
Q3) The allied plans for dealing with Germany after the war was won were finalized by the conference at __________ in February 1945.
A) Teheran
B) Potsdam
C) Yalta
D) Casablanca
Q4) Describe the rise of Nazi Germany from the late 1920s to 1940.
Q5) Discuss the opposition of the American public to intervention in Europe during the 1930s.
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Chapter 24: Cold War and Hot War, 1945-1953
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Q1) __________ was the first major communist government created without the presence of Soviet troops.
A) The Democratic Republic of Germany
B) Poland
C) Vietnam
D) The People's Republic of China
Q2) The "Dixiecrats" selected __________ as their presidential candidate in 1948.
A) Strom Thurmond
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Huey Long
D) Henry Wallace
Q3) What role did civil rights for African Americans play in the election of 1948?
Q4) Levittown was a __________.
A) toxic waste disposal site
B) decaying industrial center
C) mixed-race community
D) suburban housing development
Q5) Discuss the impact of the Red Scare on American politics and civil liberties.
Q6) What was NSC-68 and how did it help produce the American national security state?
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Chapter 25: Domestic Dreams and Atomic Nightmares, 1953-1963
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Q1) How did the federal government reinforce racial segregation in American communities and neighborhoods in the 1950s?
Q2) Who benefited from the policies of the Federal Housing Administration in the 1950s?
A) black and Hispanic working-class families
B) the urban poor
C) the very wealthy
D) white middle-class families
Q3) After World War II, the employment of married women __________.
A) fell sharply
B) continued to rise
C) became exceedingly rare
D) was celebrated in popular culture
Q4) The decision in Brown v. Board of Education overturned the ruling in __________.
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Dred Scott v. Sanford
C) Marbury v. Madison
D) Sweat v. Painter
Q5) How did white Southerners respond to the Brown decision?
Q6) Describe the key components of Kennedy's domestic policy agenda.
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Chapter 26: The Nation Divides: the Vietnam War and Social Conflict, 1964-1971
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Q1) In 1968, Richard Nixon won a convincing electoral college victory over __________.
A) Jimmy Carter
B) Hubert Humphrey
C) Lyndon Johnson
D) George McGovern
Q2) In the late 1950s, Ngo Dinh Diem was the __________.
A) ruler of South Vietnam
B) leader of the Viet Cong
C) Vietnamese puppet of the Soviet Union
D) ruler of North Vietnam
Q3) The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized U.S. military action in __________.
A) the Middle East
B) Central America
C) Vietnam
D) Korea
Q4) Describe Nixon's approach to his political opponents in his first term.
Q5) What steps did President Johnson take to combat poverty and discrimination?
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Q6) What initial policy choices did President Johnson make with respect to Vietnam? Why?
Chapter 27: Reconsidering National Priorities, 1972-1979
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Q1) The War Powers Act required the chief executive to obtain explicit congressional approval for keeping U.S. troops in an overseas conflict longer than __________.
A) fourteen days
B) six months
C) one year
D) ninety days
Q2) The Hyde Amendment forbade the use of Medicaid funds for __________.
A) contraception
B) abortions
C) sex education
D) gynecological exams
Q3) The Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade was rooted in __________.
A) constitutional privacy rights
B) two centuries of reproductive law
C) the protections offered by the First Amendment
D) the protections offered by the Third Amendment
Q4) How did Congress attempt to reassert its power over foreign policy in the 1970s?
Q5) Describe the emergence of the environmental movement in the 1970s.
Q6) Why did Nixon seek to improve U.S. relations with China?
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Q1) Why was the bombing of Pan Am Flight 109 over Scotland carried out?
A) in retaliation for the creation of U.S. military bases in Saudi Arabia
B) in retaliation for the shooting down of an Iranian civilian jetliner
C) in retaliation for the establishment of new Jewish settlements in Gaza
D) in retaliation for the U.S. invasion of Iraq
Q2) Which of the following did Reagan target for spending cuts?
A) defense spending
B) Social Security
C) Medicare
D) food stamps
Q3) Reagan ridiculed the idea of __________.
A) selling public land to private companies
B) deregulating the energy industry
C) national parks
D) preserving wilderness for its own sake
Q4) Which of the following was true of the Reagan tax plan?
A) It benefited the poorest Americans the most.
B) It helped shrink the federal budget deficit.
C) It cut taxes on the wealthiest Americans.
D) It was paid for with cuts to military spending.
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Chapter 29: Post-Cold War America, 1991-2000
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Q1) During the Clinton administration, __________ remained off limits to U.S. trade and tourism.
A) Cuba
B) Mexico
C) Chile
D) Guatemala
Q2) Which of the following was a notable foreign policy success for President Clinton?
A) mediation in Northern Ireland
B) intervention in Rwanda
C) intervention in Libya
D) mediation between Israel and the Palestinians
Q3) Why was the outcome of the 2000 presidential election so controversial?
Q4) Which of the following accurately characterizes the economic situation of African Americans in the 1990s?
A) One-third of African Americans were part of the middle class.
B) Almost 90 percent of African Americans lived below the poverty line.
C) Middle-class African Americans were economically more secure than their white counterparts.
D) Most poor African American families were headed by a single father.
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Chapter 30: A Global Nation in the New Millennium
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Q1) The growth of the U.S. economy in the twentieth century depended on __________.
A) the colonization of much of Asia and Africa
B) low population growth rates
C) the consumption of ever-increasing amounts of energy
D) the creation of a perpetual state of war
Q2) What arguments were put forward by critics of global free trade in the early twenty-first century?
Q3) Like the Cold War, the war on terrorism was framed as a __________.
A) long-term struggle against an evil enemy
B) matter of economic necessity
C) short-term effort to defeat a weak foe
D) relatively minor priority
Q4) Over the course of the twentieth century, commercial logging eliminated all but __________. percent of the old-growth forests in the United States.
A) 3
B) 11
C) 19
D) 24
Q5) Describe President Bush's domestic agenda in his first term.
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