Advanced Nursing Research
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Advanced Nursing Research delves into the rigorous methodologies and analytical strategies essential for conducting and evaluating research in nursing practice. This course emphasizes the development of critical thinking skills in reviewing literature, formulating research questions, designing quantitative and qualitative studies, and applying ethical considerations. Students will learn advanced techniques in data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of findings, preparing them to contribute to evidence-based practice and innovations in healthcare. The course also explores the translation of research outcomes to clinical settings, fostering leadership in research initiatives within multidisciplinary healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook Nursing Research 8th Edition by
Geri LoBiondoWood
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21 Chapters
535 Verified Questions
535 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing the strength of a body of evidence used in a research study for consistency, the nurse should determine what?
A) Extent to which the study's design, implementation, and analysis minimize bias
B) Number of studies that have evaluated the research question, including overall Sample size across studies
C) Degree to which studies with similar and different designs investigated the same Research questions and report similar findings
D) Significance of the findings based on the statistical methods used for data analysis
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a critical step for the quality improvement process in health care settings?
A) Outlining general long-range goals
B) Identifying current successful practices
C) Testing practice changes slowly and tentatively
D) Adopting a practice change as a new standard of care
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which research question is testable as currently written?
A) Should parents addicted to crack cocaine be permitted to raise their children?
B) Is the classroom an appropriate place to teach sex education to 10-year-old children?
C) Are older adults living in assisted-living facilities satisfied with their level of social interaction?
D) Is a positive HIV/AIDS status a sufficient reason for limiting the employment of elementary school teachers?
Answer: C
Q2) A nurse has defined the research question as, "How does oral nutritional supplementation during dialysis treatments affect the serum albumin levels of adult patients who have chronic kidney disease Stage 5?" In this question, what is the independent variable?
A) Adult patients with chronic kidney disease Stage 5
B) Oral nutritional supplementation
C) During dialysis treatments
D) Serum albumin levels
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of these factors limits the usefulness of the World Wide Web as a source of information for research consumers?
A) Downloading from the Web can be a slow process.
B) Nontext capabilities reduce the professionalism of presentations.
C) There is little quality control over the information on many websites.
D) Much of the available information is too technical to be understood by the casual reader.
Answer: C
Q2) For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher decide to use secondary sources in a review of the literature?
A) They provide material written by the person who conducted the study.
B) They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems.
C) They define the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome.
D) They supplement the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) Which phrase correctly defines a theory?
A) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
B) The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher
C) A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon
D) A researcher's best guess of the direction of the relationship between variables
Q2) Which nursing theory is classified as a Grand Nursing Theory?
A) Polk's Theory of Resilience
B) Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory
C) Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
D) Im's Theory of Caucasians' Cancer Pain Experience
Q3) In which way are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?
A) Practice is the operational definition of theory.
B) Practice provides the opportunity to test theory.
C) Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based.
D) Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice.
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Computer management of qualitative data can assist a nurse researcher with which of these processes?
A) Organization of data
B) Interpretation of data
C) Credibility of data
D) Synthesis of data
Q2) A characteristic of qualitative research data is that they are what?
A) In text form
B) Dichotomous
C) Free of patterns
D) Inappropriate for analysis
Q3) A nurse's research question is, "What is the grief experience of women older than 30 years from rural Mexico who have a late-stage pregnancy loss?" Which aspect of the question represents the study's context?
A) Late-stage pregnancy loss
B) Women older than 30 years
C) Grief experience
D) Rural Mexico
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) When reviewing the report of a phenomenologic study, the nurse finds there is no section that describes or reports the research question. What approach should be used to determine the research question?
A) Examination of the themes that emerged from the study
B) Examination of the data analysis methods used in the study
C) Examination of the questions or statements posed to the study participants
D) Examination and critical analysis of the articles reported in the literature review
Q2) What is the purpose of grounded theory?
A) To expand the scope of nursing practice into areas formerly reserved for other disciplines
B) To provide an exhaustive description of how individuals or groups have experienced an event
C) To examine patterns of action and interaction between and among various types of social units
D) To identify precepts and mores common to all members of a distinct cultural or ethnic group
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8
Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) When critiquing a report of a qualitative research study, the nurse asks, "How has the researcher made explicit the significance of the study to nursing theory, research, or practice?" This question is critiquing what section of the report?
A) Data analysis
B) Data collection
C) Statement of the phenomenon of interest
D) Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
Q2) In the report of a qualitative research study, what does a theme represent?
A) A guideline for evaluating the appropriateness of the study
B) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
C) A label that describes key ideas shared by study participants
D) The relationship between the study's hypotheses and the research questions
Q3) What information in the report of a qualitative research study indicates to the nurse that the research meets the criterion of auditability?
A) The study's participants recognize the experience described as their own.
B) The results are meaningful to individuals beyond those in the study population.
C) The projected significance of the study to nursing is described.
D) The researcher documented how the data led to the conclusions.
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When reviewing a research report, the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem. Which condition has been met?
A) Accuracy
B) Feasibility
C) Internal validity
D) External validity
Q2) What action by a nurse researcher will help eliminate bias on the dependent variable?
A) Establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants
B) Ensuring that all data are collected by a single researcher
C) Formulating at least two hypotheses for each research question
D) Developing a strong theoretical framework for the study
Q3) The measures used by a nurse researcher to maintain uniformity of conditions in a quantitative research study refer to which aspect of the study?
A) Accuracy
B) Methods
C) Control
D) Validity
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the dependent variable in the research scenario?
A) Program on strategies to resist smoking
B) Elimination of cigarette smoking
C) Weekly supportive phone call
D) No supportive phone call
Q2) How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in real-world settings?
A) Threats to both internal and external validity are increased.
B) Threats to both internal and external validity are decreased.
C) Threats to internal validity are decreased, whereas threats to external validity are increased.
D) Threats to internal validity are increased, while threats to external validity are decreased.
Q3) What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?
A) Mortality
B) Selection bias
C) Testing
D) Antecedent variable
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational design for a nonexperimental study?
A) It represents an efficient and effective method of collecting a large amount of data about a problem.
B) Many questionnaires and instruments are already developed and have been determined to be valid and reliable.
C) Generalizability is greater than for results of studies using experimental designs.
D) It allows flexibility in the manipulation of more than one variable.
Q2) A nurse researcher would choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables for which purpose?
A) To identify the independent variable
B) To test whether one variable causes another variable
C) To examine relationships between or among variables
D) To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable
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12
Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___ objectives of the search
Q2) ___ abstract
Q3) ___ analysis of the located studies
Q4) What source contains information on studies published in conference proceedings and other sources not available in other databases?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q5) Which are methods for searching and integrating the literature related to a specific clinical issue? (Select all that apply.)
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q6) ___ discussion
Q7) ____ types of participants
Q8) ___ data collection
Q9) ___ references and tables Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?
A) Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results.
B) Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
C) Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results.
D) Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
Q2) A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because:
A) It will result in reduced or limited generalizability.
B) Informed consent must be obtained.
C) It will require large, unmanageable sample sizes.
D) Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.
Q3) The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?
A) The sample is homogeneous.
B) All units of a population are included.
C) The most readily accessible persons are used as subjects.
D) The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population.
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Which statement regarding informed consent is most accurate?
A) Informed consent needs to be sought only if the risks outweigh the benefits.
B) Informed consent is required if there are physical risks but not if there are psychological risks.
C) Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of possible risks and benefits.
D) A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the subject and potentially affect the study outcome.
Q2) What basic human right exists when subjects have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?
A) Right to self-determination
B) Right to anonymity and confidentiality
C) Right to fair treatment
D) Right to protection from discomfort and harm
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) The nurse researcher informs subjects that he or she would like to include them in a research study and that they can refuse to participate through what?
A) Informed consent
B) Concealment with intervention
C) Unauthorized research
D) Concealment without intervention
Q2) The training of data collectors to adhere strictly to a standard protocol for a research project will affect the ultimate outcome of the study by doing what?
A) Reducing risks to human subjects
B) Reducing cost of data collection
C) Increasing consistency in data collection
D) Increasing risk of introducing researcher bias into the study
Q3) Which data collection method is most vulnerable to researcher bias?
A) Questionnaires
B) Available data
C) Observation methods
D) Physiologic measurement
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17
Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) A nurse researcher describes an instrument that is administered repeatedly and obtains the same results as having what?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Consistency
D) Predictability
Q2) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
Q3) What is the significance of concurrent validity to a nurse researcher?
A) The degree of correlation between the measure of the concept and some future measure of the same concept
B) The degree of correlation of two measures of the same concept administered at the same time
C) The extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or trait
D) The representativeness of the items to measure a specific concept
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) Which measures of central tendency allow for relative rankings? (Select all that apply.)
A) Mode
B) Range
C) Median
D) Mean
E) Semiquartile range
F) Percentile
G) SD
Q2) Which data measurement scales typically use nonparametric tests of significance? (Select all that apply.)
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q3) A nurse researcher would opt to use measures of central tendency in which case?
A) When there is a need to describe how reliably the findings can be generalized
B) When there is a need to describe how much dispersion is in the sample
C) When there is a need to describe the accuracy of predictions made
Page 19
D) When there is a need to describe the average member of the sample
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) How should researchers and reviewers accept statistical significance?
A) With the belief that statistically significant results are the final word
B) With the cautious regard for how results might apply to practice
C) With the view that careful appraisal is necessary to apply results to theory
D) With the idea that additional testing is not necessary
Q2) Tables and figures assist in presenting the findings of studies by doing what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Supplementing the text
B) Repeating the text
C) Representing the results
D) Reproducing the results
Q3) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to determine if data collection was consistent?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?
A) Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting?
B) Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively?
C) Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question?
D) Was there an observation guide?
Q2) Why would a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasi-experimental in design versus experimental?
A) The sample size was small.
B) Randomization was not used in sample selection.
C) The dependent variables were not manipulated.
D) The independent variables were not manipulated.
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21
Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) How should the nurse researcher most accurately interpret an odds ratio greater than 1.0?
A) This means there is no difference in the odds of an event occurring between the experimental and control groups.
B) The event is less likely in the treatment group than the control group.
C) The event is more likely to occur in the treatment group than the control group.
D) Percent increase in risk of the event that is added after considering the percent of risk that would occur anyway.
Q2) A nurse researcher is seeking studies whose outcomes are described with a measure of precision about the studies' results. The statistical descriptions the researcher will seek include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) The t test
B) Correlation
C) Standard deviation
D) CI
E) Mean
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) ___ collect data at specified intervals
Q2) ___ train data collectors
Q3) Which is an electronic database for clinical problems and evidence-based research?
A) Health and Psychosocial Instruments File
B) Cochrane
C) National Clearinghouse
D) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Index
Q4) A nurse researcher is selecting a topic for an EBP project. Which type of topic would be most appropriate if the researcher is interested in developing an idea from a problem-focused trigger?
A) Treatment of heart failure
B) Increased incidence of deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients
C) Prevention of nosocomial pressure ulcers
D) Community-acquired pneumonia
Q5) ___ provide "on-site" feedback to staff regarding the progress in achieving the practice change
Q6) ___ assess interrater reliability of data collectors
Q7) ___ identify process and outcome variables of interest
Q8) ___ design data collection forms
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Flexibility to react quickly to opportunities
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) Improved, consistent, and predictable results
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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