Adolescent Development
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Adolescent Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from the onset of puberty through the transition to adulthood. The course examines key theories, developmental milestones, and the influence of family, peers, culture, and media on adolescent growth. Topics include identity formation, autonomy, risk-taking behaviors, mental health, and the impact of societal expectations. Emphasis is placed on understanding the unique challenges and opportunities faced by adolescents in diverse contexts, and how these factors shape their development and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Adolescence 16th Edition by John W Santrock
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) List and define the three major issues in studying adolescent development.
Answer: The three important issues raised in the study of adolescent development are nature and nurture,continuity and discontinuity,and early and later experiences.The nature-nurture issue involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture.Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance,nurture to its environmental experiences.The continuity-discontinuity issues focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual,cumulative changes (continuity)or distinct stages (discontinuity).The last issue focuses on the importance of earlier experiences in the child's life,and whether or not later experiences can make up for deficits or poor early experiences.Proponents of the earlyexperience doctrine believe that development will never be optimal if infants are not given warm,nurturing care in the first year of life.Proponents of the later-experience view argue that children and adolescents are malleable throughout development,and that they can compensate for less than optimum early experiences with quality later experiences.
Q2) Beth is 22 years old.What developmental period is Beth in,and what are the two main tasks of this period?
Answer: Beth is in the developmental period of emerging adulthood.The two main tasks of this period are experimentation and exploration.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Puberty, Health, and Biological Foundations
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Q1) The term "secular trend" refers to A)patterns of pubertal onset over historical times.
B)patterns of adolescents moving away from religion and moving toward a secular world.
C)the tendency of pubertal change to occur slightly later than in previous generations.
D)the tendency of African-American boys and girls to mature later than their European-American and Asian peers.
Answer: A
Q2) Recent research on early-maturing girls has found that
A)early-maturing girls are more likely than late maturing girls to have eating disorders.
B)early-maturing girls have more dating experience than do late maturing girls.
C)early-maturing girls are more likely than late maturing girls to be depressed.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Brain and Cognitive Development
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Q1) Professor Hulke,who teaches a course on Theories of Personality,assigns her students the project of selecting a famous person and applying a theory of personality to that person's life.She requires the students to submit a detailed outline of the paper before the final draft.Professor Hulke is helping her students with
A)general-organization skills.
B)domain-specific thinking skills.
C)time-management skills.
D)None of these choices are correct.
Answer: B
Q2) The ability to think three-dimensionally is a description of Gardner's _____ intelligence.
A)spatial
B)naturalist
C)mathematical
D)scientific
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Self, Identity, Emotion, and Personality
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding adolescent self-understanding is TRUE?
A)Over time,an adolescent's self-understanding becomes more differentiated.
B)Adolescents understand that they possess different selves depending on the specific role or context.
C)The self fluctuates across situations and time.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding ethnic identity is NOT true?
A)Positive ethnic identity is linked to lower school engagement.
B)Positive ethnic identity is linked to lower levels of aggression.
C)Positive ethnic identity for Navajo adolescents is linked to higher social functioning.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q3) Which cognitive change(s)during adolescence has been proposed for the improvement in self-regulation?
A)Development of the prefrontal cortex
B)Maturing in decision-making
C)Improved executive functions
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q4) List and briefly describe James Marcia's four identity statuses.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Gender
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Q1) Zoe tells her parents that she learned in her women's studies class that many of the gender differences that she sees are due to inequities in power,money,and other resources between men and women.She says she is going to be taking part in a "walk for equity" to protest lower wages being paid to women in her community.Zoe's position is very much like that of which theorist?
A)Anna Freud
B)Carol Gilligan
C)Alice Eagly
D)Janet Shibley Hyde
Q2) What differences exist between males and females with regard to verbal skills?
A)Females outperform males in reading and writing.
B)Females outperform males on reading and writing only in elementary school;by high school the scores are the same in verbal skills.
C)There are no significant differences between females and males in reading;girls outperform boys in writing.
D)There are no significant differences between females and males in writing;girls outperform boys in reading.
Q3) Explain how context and culture affect gender roles.
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Chapter 6: Sexuality
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Q1) Phil is a gay man,but he dates women and has told nobody about his sexual orientation.Phil is engaged in a form of self-devaluation called A)passing.
B)closeting.
C)covert lying.
D)covering.
Q2) Using cross-cultural data,discuss three reasons why the United States continues to have one of the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy in the developed world.
Q3) List and describe at least three factors that have been associated with the development of a sexual minority identity.
Q4) Define a sexual script.Compare the differences in sexual scripts between males and females.
Q5) Which of the following statements regarding genital herpes is NOT true?
A)It is spread by direct contact with the sores.
B)It is caused by bacteria.
C)It can be spread via contraceptive foam and creams.
D)It has no known cure.
Q6) List at least four risk factors associated with sexual activity.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Moral Development, Values, and Religion
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Q1) What is the contemporary perspective of moral development in adolescents?
Q2) A relatively new approach to character education that helps students to develop moral concepts emphasizes
A)a care perspective.
B)an equity perspective.
C)a justice perspective.
D)None of these choices are correct.
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding moral behavior is NOT true?
A)Moral behavior is situation-dependent.
B)Adolescents are more likely to cheat when their friends pressure them to do so.
C)Adolescents are likely to display consistent moral behavior in diverse social settings.
D)Adolescents are more likely to cheat when the chance of being caught is slim.
Q4) List Erikson's three stages of moral development.Explain the stage related to adolescence.
Q5) Define and describe what is meant by "service learning." Explain the goals and benefits of service learning.
Q6) Compare and contrast the three main ways in which schools teach moral development.
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Chapter 8: Families
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Q1) Define what is meant by the term reciprocal socialization and by referring to the family as "a system."
Q2) What is meant by the term co-parenting,and how does it differ from more traditional parenting?
Q3) Briefly describe the four styles of parenting identified by Diana Baumrind,and summarize potential outcomes for the child who is parented using these styles.
Q4) Discuss conflict between early adolescents and parents.Be sure to include the nature of conflict at this age.
Q5) Which of the following statements about parenting is TRUE?
A)Consistent parenting is recommended.
B)Many parents use a combination of techniques.
C)Parents and adolescents socialize each other.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q6) Describe at least five changes in adolescents and five changes in parents that can influence parentadolescent relationships.
Q7) Based upon information in the textbook,what advice would you give to parents and their emerging adult children if the children return home to live?
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Chapter 9: Peers, Romantic Relationships, and Lifestyles
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Q1) Marriages in which the partners met online through internet dating sites
A)are more likely to break up compared to those that began in off-line contexts.
B)are at an increased risk for problems with infidelity.
C)have slightly higher rates of marital satisfaction than those who met in off-line contexts.
D)are more likely to have children at an earlier age compared to those who met in off-line contexts.
Q2) Yvonne's friend tells her that her new sweater is "like an old-lady sweater-not cool." Yvonne is angry,but she doesn't explode.She says,"I like it," and walks into her class.Yvonne is demonstrating
A)nonassertive behavior.
B)assertive behavior.
C)emotional blunting.
D)emotional self-regulation.
Q3) Providing a friend with amusement is a function of friendship called A)ego support.
B)social comparison.
C)companionship.
D)stimulation.
Q4) List five contexts in which adolescents interact with peers.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Schools
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Q1) The "jigsaw classroom" was developed by
A)John Dewey.
B)Maryanne Bright.
C)Elliot Aronson.
D)Peter Blos.
Q2) Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop
A)passive learning habits.
B)poor communication skills.
C)anxiety about social comparison.
D)All of these choices are correct.
Q3) Which of the following students is MOST likely to be enrolled in an advanced math class?
A)Erica,a non Latino White girl.
B)Charlene,an African-American girl.
C)Everett,a Native-American boy.
D)Angie,an Asian girl.
Q4) Describe the No Child Left Behind Act,its goals,and its criticisms.
Q5) Describe three characteristics of gifted adolescents identified by Ellen Winner.
Q6) What are some of the barriers to learning that are faced by adolescents from low-income backgrounds?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Achievement, Work, and Careers
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Q1) Carol Dweck refers to the cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves as their
A)self-ideal.
B)self-appraisal.
C)mindset.
D)mindmap.
Q2) Farrah is a B-/C+ student in math.She tells her father that she wants to get an A in math from now on.Knowing how much his daughter struggles in math,her father says,"I'm glad that you want to work on your math grades.Let's aim for a B or B+ next term and we'll build on that.I'll help you make a plan." Researchers would say that A)this is a good idea;Farrah may get discouraged if she sets expectations that are unrealistic.
B)Farrah's father underestimates her and has probably just killed her motivation.
C)Farrah doesn't need a plan to reach her goal;determination is enough.
D)Farrah will resent her father for suggesting that she work up to her goal with a plan.
Q3) Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Q4) Describe what is meant by mastery motivation.
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Chapter 12: Culture
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Q1) Which of the following countries is best described as individualistic?
A)Mexico
B)India
C)Japan
D)the Netherlands
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding gender and culture is NOT true?
A)In many countries,males have greater access to education than females.
B)In most cultures,the experiences of males and females are becoming more alike.
C)In many countries,males have more career opportunities than females.
D)In many countries,males have fewer restrictions on sexual activity than females.
Q3) Describe the target population and the major areas of intervention in the El Puente program.
Q4) Chinese acculturation to American values were associated with adolescent development in which of the following way(s)?
A)Adolescents with a Chinese oriented father had lower GPA.
B)A discrepancy between parent-adolescent American orientation was related to lower academic success.
C)Adoelsenct with a Chinese-oriented mother had lower academic success.
D)None of these choices are correct.
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Chapter 13: Problems in Adolescence and Emerging
Adulthood
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an example of maladaptive emotion-focused coping?
A)Seeking a second opinion when you have been given a serious medical diagnosis.
B)Denying that your spouse has been in an accident.
C)Denying that you have just been told that your job is being eliminated in two months.
D)Denying that your significant other is in love with someone else when he or she is engaged to you.
Q2) Research shows that adolescents who have more developmental assets engage in
A)more alcohol use.
B)more risk-taking behaviors.
C)less use of tobacco.
D)more violence.
Q3) Being overweight in adolescence is linked to all of the following conditions EXCEPT A)leukemia.
B)high blood pressure.
C)type 2 diabetes.
D)pulmonary problems.
Q4) Discuss current trends in alcohol use by adolescents and emerging adults,and describe the consequences of drinking.
Page 15
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