Abnormal Psychology Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Abnormal Psychology explores the nature, causes, and treatment of psychological disorders. The course examines the classification of mental disorders, symptoms, and diagnostic criteria as outlined in the DSM, alongside major theoretical perspectives including biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. Students will study disorders such as anxiety, mood, personality, psychotic, and developmental disorders, as well as issues related to assessment, stigma, and ethical considerations in treatment. Through case studies and current research, the course encourages critical thinking about mental health and the complexities of defining and treating abnormal behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality 8th Edition by Jess Feist
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example,shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have
A)discriminant validity.
B)convergent validity.
C)divergent validity.
D)test-retest reliability.
E)concurrent reliability.
Answer: A
Q2) Which statement best characterizes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
A)A theory is narrower than a hypothesis.
B)A theory is directly verifiable,a hypothesis is not.
C)A theory is logically deduced from a specific hypothesis.
D)A theory may generate one or more hypotheses.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Freud: Psychoanalysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Freudian psychology,the psychologically mature person would be characterized by
A)an absence of id impulses.
B)a superego strong enough to control the ego.
C)an ego strong enough to incorporate the ego-ideal and the id.
D)strong Oedipal feelings.
Answer: C
Q2) Freud's notion of the Oedipus complex is compounded,or made more complicated,by the A)latency period.
B)bisexual nature of the child.
C)Electra complex.
D)castration complex.
E)influence of culture.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Adler: Individual Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler's concept of standing still is similar to Freud's concept of A)fixation.
B)repression.
C)regression.
D)sublimation.
E)projection.
Answer: A
Q2) Adler believed that dreams
A)are expressions of infantile wishes.
B)provide clues to solve future problems.
C)are prophetic.
D)can be easily understood by the dreamer.
Answer: B
Q3) From Adler's biography,we know that he A)came from a Jewish background.
B)had a younger brother who died in infancy.
C)was second born.
D)None of these is correct.
E)All of these are correct.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Jungian theory,types include
A)both attitudes and functions.
B)only attitudes.
C)only functions.
D)neither attitudes nor functions.
Q2) In Jungian psychology,religious fanatics swept up in a strongly felt cause are frequently _______ types.
A)introverted intuiting
B)introverted thinking
C)introverted sensing
D)introverted judging
Q3) Jung believed that
A)motivation should remain consistent throughout life.
B)infancy and childhood are the most important stages of development.
C)goals and behaviors of early life are not fitting for the second half of life.
D)people should develop an extraverted attitude during the second half of life.
Q4) Describe Jung's levels of the psyche.
Q5) List and briefly describe Jung's most important archetypes.
Q6) Discuss Jung's notion of extraversion and introversion.
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Chapter 5: Klein: Object Relations Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the people that Klein psychoanalyzed was
A)Anna Freud.
B)her son Erich.
C)Erich Fromm.
D)Albert Ellis.
E)Erik Erikson.
Q2) According to Klein,the two basic positions are
A)introjection and projection.
B)paranoid-schizoid and depressive.
C)the ego and the superego.
D)the mature and the immature.
E)the ideal and the real.
Q3) Mahler believed that when infants realize that they cannot satisfy their own basic needs,they
A)reject those needs and introject a new set of learned needs.
B)become autistic.
C)seek a symbiotic relationship with their mother.
D)merge their ego with their superego.
Q4) Discuss Klein's concept of the paranoid-schizoid position.
Q5) List and discuss Klein's psychic defense mechanisms.
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Chapter 6: Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Horney,aggressive people assume that other people are A)helpless.
B)hostile.
C)superior to them.
D)inferior to them.
Q2) According to Horney,the underlying cause of human neuroses is
A)the Oedipus complex.
B)physiological deficiencies.
C)restrictive toilet training.
D)human interrelations.
Q3) Horney contended that needs for affection result in A)an undervaluation of love.
B)an overvaluation of love.
C)isolation.
D)self-esteem.
Q4) Which technique(s) did Horney not use in her psychotherapy?
A)dream analysis
B)free association
C)hypnosis
D)She used all of these.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory
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Q1) Nell is careful with her money and rarely shares her thoughts or emotions with others.Her behavior illustrates Fromm's ______ orientation.
A)marketing
B)hoarding
C)receptive
D)exploitative
Q2) From her salary as an elementary school teacher,Jennifer has accumulated a very large bank account.In addition,she has seldom thrown away any teaching aids.It thus appears that Jennifer has Fromm's ______ orientation.
A)receiving
B)hoarding
C)marketing
D)exploiting
Q3) According to Fromm,existential needs
A)emerge during the evolution of human culture.
B)grow out of people's attempts to find answers to their existence.
C)represent attempts to avoid insanity.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.
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Chapter 8: Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis
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Q1) Erikson claimed that a child who learns to do a job well during the school age will develop a sense of A)will.
B)purpose.
C)inferiority.
D)industry.
E)autonomy.
Q2) In his concept of humanity,Erikson
A)emphasized free choice more than determinism.
B)emphasized determinism more than free choice.
C)moderately viewed free choice and determinism.
D)rejected both free choice and determinism.
Q3) Discuss Erikson's basic assumptions that underlie his theory of developmental stages.
Q4) Erikson believed that one's ability to adapt is dependent on A)minimizing mistrust.
B)maximizing trust.
C)increasing dystonic tendencies and decreasing syntonic tendencies.
D)a maximum ratio of trust to mistrust.
Q5) List the key concepts in Erikson's infancy stage.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory
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Q1) According to Maslow,neurotic needs
A)decrease as they are satisfied.
B)cannot be fully satiated.
C)can be self-actualizing.
D)foster health when satisfied.
E)a and d
Q2) According to Maslow,the 14 B-values
A)distinguish self-actualizing people from those healthy people who do not reach self-actualization.
B)are so highly interrelated that they probably represent a single factor.
C)will probably become 20 or 25 in number as people become more self-actualizing.
D)a and b
Q3) Each ascending step in Maslow's hierarchy of needs represents
A)a lower need,but one less basic to survival.
B)a higher need,but one more basic to survival.
C)a lower need,but one more basic to survival.
D)a higher need,but one less basic to survival.
Q4) Discuss Maslow's concept of conative,aesthetic,cognitive,and neurotic needs.
Q5) List and explain the five needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
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Chapter 10: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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Q1) Disorganization exists,Rogers said,when
A)a person becomes overly defensive.
B)an individual's perception of some threat becomes conscious.
C)an individual's perception of some threat becomes unconscious.
D)normal defenses do not reconcile experiences with view of self.
E)negative regard from others becomes conscious in an individual.
Q2) According to Rogers,the ______ includes all those aspects of one's being and one's experience that are perceived in awareness.
A)self-concept
B)ideal-self
C)real self
D)organismic self
E)imaginary self
Q3) To Rogers,congruent people are
A)almost perfectly adjusted to their environment.
B)aware of and able to express their feelings.
C)not completely adjusted to their environment.
D)unmotivated.
Q4) Describe Rogers' notion of the self and self-actualization.
Q5) Describe Rogers's concepts of the formative and actualizing tendencies.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: May: Existential Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to May,ontological guilt is experienced
A)when essence precedes existence.
B)only by neurotic or psychotic individuals.
C)only in conjunction with neurotic anxiety.
D)by most people in one form or another.
Q2) People's feelings of self-isolation and alienation from the world are seen in their
A)separation from nature.
B)lack of meaningful interpersonal relationships.
C)alienation from authentic self.
D)All the above are correct.
Q3) May's childhood was marked by A)closeness to both parents.
B)parental emphasis on educational achievements.
C)a particularly loving relationship with his mother.
D)parental arguments and family strife.
Q4) Define and explain being-in-the-world and nonbeing
Q5) List several common assumptions found among most existentialists.
Q6) List and define the four forms of love,as seen by Rollo May.
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Chapter 12: Allport: Psychology of the Individual
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Allport,any symptom that cannot be extinguished through psychotherapy,or does not change as self-concept changes,is
A)homeostatic in tendency.
B)reactive.
C)a propriate striving.
D)functionally autonomous.
Q2) For Allport,the term "morphogenic" refers to
A)patterned properties of the whole organism.
B)propriate strivings common to all people.
C)the organization aspect of the proprium.
D)motivational aspects of proactive behavior.
Q3) According to Allport's definition,personal dispositions
A)render different stimuli functionally equivalent.
B)both initiate and guide behavior.
C)have both a neurological and a psychological component.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these is correct.
Q4) Discuss Allport's concept of personal dispositions and explain how personal dispositions differ from traits.
Q5) Discuss Allport's concept of the psychologically healthy personality.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Personality psychologists are more likely to attribute behavior to _________.
A)day to minute situation
B)enduring traits
C)cognitive displacement
D)overt emotionalism
Q2) Although factor and trait theories are difficult to rate on several dimensions for a concept of humanity,they clearly rate very high on
A)the teleological dimension.
B)the relative degrees of their pessimism.
C)genetic factors and generating research.
D)free will and guidance of practitioners.
E)unconscious influences.
Q3) summarize their trait model using a schematic drawing whereby peripheral components,comprised of causal,secondary influences on personality,are represented as
A)ellipses.
B)rectangles.
C)interconnecting lines.
D)None of these is correct.
Q4) Elaborate on the five-factor model of trait personality theory.
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Chapter 14: Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory
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Q1) Which is the correct order of levels of behavioral organization from the simplest to the most complex,according to Eysenck?
A)habitual response,specific acts/cognitions,traits,types
B)types,traits,habitual responses,specific acts/cognitions
C)habitual responses,traits,specific responses,types
D)specific acts/cognitions,habitual responses,traits,types
Q2) According to Eysenck,introverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT
A)quiet.
B)passive.
C)optimistic.
D)sober.
E)thoughtful.
Q3) What evidence did Eysenck present on the biological bases of personality?
A)People in different parts of the world have different types of personality.
B)People tend to change their personality patterns as they age.
C)Identical twins have more similar personalities than fraternal twins reared together.
D)Identical twins and fraternal twins reared together are equally similar in their personalities.
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Chapter 15: Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA
A)Genetic adaptation
B)Epigenetics
C)Genetic determinism
D)Genetic trigger
Q2) For Charles Darwin,it has been clear that all life forms are confronted with two fundamental problems of adaptation,namely __________ and ___________.
A)natural selection,artificial selection
B)fundamental,attribution errors
C)survival,reproduction
D)fundamental,situational errors
Q3) A second origin of environment induced individual differences is _______________,which means that different people find what makes them stand out from others in order to gain attention from parents or potential mates.
A)early experiential calibration
B)alternative niche specialization
C)nonadaptive sources
D)maladaptive sources
Q4) Name and describe Buss's five personality dimensions.
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Chapter 16: Skinner: Behavioral Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Skinner believed that some behavior is unconscious because the person does not think about the aversive stimuli connected with it.Not thinking about aversive stimuli is an example of A)positive reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)punishment.
D)a reaction formation.
Q2) According to Skinner,abused children may choose to remain with their parents because
A)one parent may be rewarding them while the other is abusive.
B)they may lack the means of countercontrol.
C)they may be receiving a powerful intermittent reward.
D)Any or all of these reasons are correct.
Q3) Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious A)mental processes.
B)cognition.
C)conflicts.
D)behavior.
E)motivation.
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Chapter 17: Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
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Q1) In Bandura's view,self-efficacy is most likely to be increased when
A)failure strengthens one's determination to succeed on future projects.
B)one successfully performs a difficult task.
C)one's best efforts fall a little short of success.
D)one observes others failing at a task.
Q2) Bandura's treatment technique that involves the extinction of anxiety or fear through self- or therapist-induced relaxation is
A)overt modeling of behavior.
B)vicarious modeling.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)enactive mastery.
Q3) Which two terms best fit Bandura's concept of personality?
A)plastic and flexible
B)consistent and stable
C)reactive and proactive
D)choice and responsibility
Q4) Discuss Bandura's concept of collective efficacy.
Q5) List and describe the components of Bandura's theory of self-regulation.
Q6) Discuss specific ways in which Bandura's social cognitive theory differs from Skinner's behavioral analysis.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Walter Mischel was born in the same city where _____ lived most of his life.
A)Albert Bandura
B)Carl Jung
C)Al Capone
D)Sigmund Freud
Q2) According to Rotter,the behavior potential in any situation is a function of A)expectancy.
B)reinforcement value.
C)both of these.
D)neither of these.
Q3) Mischel's early research led him to believe that behavior is mostly a function of A)fortuitous events.
B)the situation.
C)stable personal traits.
D)motivation.
E)none of these.
Q4) Discuss Mischel's person-situation interaction,or conditional view of personal dispositions.
Q5) Explain Rotter's concepts of internal and external control of reinforcement.
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Chapter 19: Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kelly's constructive alternativism assumes that
A)people use past events to construct a philosophy of life.
B)people build obstacles in the path toward success.
C)people's conclusions are subject to revision and change.
D)truth is acquired by a piecemeal accumulation of facts.
E)truth is acquired in large pieces by rapid breakthroughs.
Q2) A student is given a Role Title List and asked to designate people who fit the various role titles on the list.This is part of the procedure for the
A)Role Construct Repertory Test.
B)Construct Aptitude Test.
C)Role Construct Orientation.
D)Construct Evaluation Survey.
E)Core Construct Checklist.
Q3) Kelly believed that people's attempts to interpret and explain events is similar to that of A)teachers.
B)psychologists.
C)artists.
D)scientists.
E)therapists.
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