PA Class of 2024 College Counseling Handbook

CLASS OF 2024 Sarah Gorman, Head of Counseling and College Placement • sarah.gorman@pulaskiacademy.org • 501-604-1941 Susan Koller, Upper School Counselor (9-10) • susan.koller@pulaskiacademy.org • 501-604-1947 Debbie Staples, Registrar • debbie.staples@pulaskiacademy.org • 501-604-1935

Counseling Mission: Every student should feel safe personally, socially, and emotionally. The Pulaski Academy community represents a unique variety of cultures and beliefs that are acknowledged, respected, and valued. The mission of the counseling office is to provide a positive, safe environment that will assist students to become independent learners as they journey into the next phase of their academic career.

College Counseling Mission: Admission to college is the assumed culmination of the Pulaski Academy experience.

It is our philosophy there is no one perfect school, but rather a good match for each student. Our mission is to help each senior choose a college or university which will best meet his or her needs and abilities: academically, socially, philosophically, and economically.

COLLEGE COUNSELING HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I.

Getting Started A. College Handbook Introduction B. Self-Assessment C. College Application Choices of Seniors

II.

Application Process A. Countdown to College B. Types of Admissions Decisions C. Completing Applications D. The Application Checklist E. After the Decisions

III.

Special Applications A. Service Academies B. Collegiate Athletics

IV.

Testing A. Standardized Testing B. ACT/SAT Preparation C. ACT/SAT Concordance Table D. Learning Differences and College Guidance

V.

Supplemental Materials for Applications A. Letters of Recommendation B. College Essays

VI.

College Visits and Interviews A. In-Person College Tours B. Visiting the Campus C. Interviews

VII.

Financial Aid and Scholarships A. Money Questions You Should Ask before Applying B. Helpful Hints and Practical Ideas C. Choosing a College and Paying For It: Myths and Facts D. Financial Assistance E. Applying for Scholarships F. Scholarship Scams G. Arkansas Lottery Scholarship Program H. Things to Consider After You Are Admitted

VIII. Appendix A. Glossary of College Entrance Terms B. Sample Emails to Colleges

COLLEGE HANDBOOK INTRODUCTION Dear Students, Making decisions about your post-secondary future can be both scary and exciting. It will test your patience and tolerance with you, your parents/guardians, and everyone involved. The Pulaski Academy College Counseling Program is committed to making the process as manageable as possible.

Each year, colleges are becoming more and more selective. A denial does not mean the student is not worthy. It simply means whatever gifts you have to offer do not necessarily match that institution. Colleges want their students to be successful, and for that reason they may deny a student they feel will not fit.

I will be happy to provide some suggestions of schools for you to seriously consider, but I can only offer suggestions and guidelines which merit consideration. The final decision will be a family decision. Although many colleges are appropriate for each student, the key is finding schools that match your abilities and needs.

Often, people have preconceived ideas about the college or university they want to attend. Maybe it is the college a parent, or brother or sister, or friend attended. Perhaps they are fans of the school's athletic teams, or the campus is located in their hometown. These are strong influences and should not be ignored. On the other hand, such early impressions might make you think it is the perfect college for you. This may not be true.

The National Center for Education Statistics counts over 4,200 colleges and universities in the United States – and, like the students who attend them, they are all different. They are private and public, large and small, located in cities and small towns. Some are church-related, others are not. Some offer the liberal arts and sciences, while others are specialized or technical.

As you look at colleges, you will have to ask yourself how important these factors are to you. A short visit or a casual comment should not dictate your choice of a college.

Understanding there is not a perfect college also will make the application process more exciting. If you narrow your sights to only one college, you may spend too much time worrying about gaining admission to that particular school.

This will keep you from seriously considering other colleges and universities. Look at a variety of options, and you will quickly find that each one has its own advantages.

This experience is a rite of passage that pushes you to reflect on your experiences, your character, your strengths (and weaknesses), and your goals – in turn allowing you to grow in ways you never imaged. I look forward to helping you and your family navigate the college admissions experience as you determine your path after Pulaski Academy.

With Bruin Pride, Mrs. Gorman Upper School Counselor (11-12)

SELF-ASSESSMENT "Where are you going to college?"

If you haven't heard that question already, you probably will soon. Where do you begin to find the college that is right for you?

Take some time to think about what the goals are for your education and your life. This self-knowledge will help you decide what to look for and which questions to ask as you investigate colleges. Later on, it can help you decide which colleges and universities have the programs, facilities, and atmosphere which will be best for you.

IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER Type of Institution • Liberal arts college • Public or private university • Service academy • Prep school • Junior/community college • Technical college/trade school

Geographic Area • West Coast/Pacific Northwest • Mountain States • Midwest/Plains • South (Southwest, South Central, and South Atlantic) • Northeast (Middle Atlantic and New England • International

Size of School • Small: under 3,000 students • Medium: 3,000-7,000 students • Large: over 7,000 students

Location • Rural • Small town • Large city

Level of Difficulty • Noncompetitive • Competitive • Highly competitive

Costs • Merit Scholarships • Financial Aid • Not a factor

Other Factors • In what clubs, activities and sports would you like to participate?

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Do you seek opportunities for international study?

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Is the college's distance from your home important to you? How close or far away should it be?

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Are you looking for a particular type of climate or scenery? Do you want access to outdoor recreation?

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Is diversity of students important to you? Would you like to go to school with people from other parts of the United States and from other countries?

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Would you prefer a residential college, where most students live on campus and take part in college activities on the weekends? Would you prefer a commuter campus?

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Is the size of the town or city in which the college is located important to you?

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Do you want to attend a college with a particular religious affiliation?

TYPES OF COLLEGES As you consider colleges, keep in mind the academic subjects and extracurricular activities you do well in and most enjoy. Your interest in them probably will continue in college, and you can explore them in more depth. However, remember you will be able to try new subjects and activities, too.

In deciding what kind of education best meets your needs, one choice you will make is between a liberal arts education and a more specialized education.

Specialized Education Specialized education will train you for a specific job or career. Perhaps you would like to be a commercial artist or photographer, an interior designer or a licensed practical nurse. Maybe your interests are in construction technology or agriculture.

For fields like these that require technical expertise, you should consider specialized education. You will find it is most commonly offered at a large university, community college, or technological institute.

Liberal Arts & Sciences A liberal arts education is broad. You will study literature, languages, and the natural and social sciences. There also might be options to study computer science and business, and to set up a career internship.

Studies have shown a liberal arts education makes you a careful reasoner as well as a creative and flexible thinker. You will learn to speak and write persuasively and to solve complex problems. More and more, employers value these qualities.

A liberal arts education will help you understand the world around you and develop your interests, talents, and values. If you enjoy a variety of subjects and think you could succeed in a number of areas, then you probably should consider the liberal arts and sciences.

Large or Small Campus?

You will quickly discover in your search that colleges range in size from a few hundred students to 30,000 or more – the size of a small city! What size is right for you?

At a smaller-sized college or university, you might enjoy more personal attention and better access to equipment and facilities. You may find it easier to get involved in activities outside of class. Also, you will probably have more contact with professors and will be more likely to get into the courses you want to take.

Large state schools usually offer many courses in a wide variety of fields, with technical specialties such as engineering or forestry. Class sizes probably will be larger, especially for lecture courses. Facilities and equipment are likely to be extensive, but used by many people.

WHAT ABOUT COSTS? College costs have risen sharply in recent years, at public and private school alike. But before you cross a college off your list because of its price tag, think about this: financial assistance is available for qualified students at most of the best colleges in the country.

In fact, many colleges and universities which charge a lot also provide more financial aid. With this aid, you may find it costs you no more to attend a higher-priced school than one that appears to cost less.

Don't let initial costs alone determine your future. The extra cost of attending one school rather another is small when you divide it by the number of years this education must serve you.

WHAT COLLEGES LOOK FOR IN PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS The students set the tone and atmosphere of a college or university. Knowing that, admission officers try to fill the freshman class with interesting, creative, and sensitive young people.

Most college representatives are eager to match you with their college only if you will enjoy it and are likely to do well there. A mismatch, while sometimes unavoidable, can be costly for both the student and the college.

Admission representatives will try to give you accurate and complete information. They will be open about their colleges' strengths and weaknesses. They will help you work your way through the admission process and may even suggest other colleges for you to explore.

GRADES AND COURSES IN HIGH SCHOOL Your high school record probably will be the most important factor in whether you will be admitted to a particular college or university. Good grades in all your courses throughout high school show you are willing to work hard and have an interest in a variety of subjects.

A poor grade or two in high school does not necessarily mean you won't be admitted to a selective college. If your grades improve, even late in your high school career, most colleges will notice.

Colleges also consider the diversity and difficulty of the courses you have taken. Success in the tougher courses (Honors or Advanced Placement) suggest you will do well in college, but you do not have to take every single one of these courses offered in order to demonstrate ability and college readiness.

Most colleges prefer students take four years of the core courses – English, mathematics, science, and social sciences – as well as at least two years or more of a world language. As a result, Pulaski Academy requires such for graduation.

SCORES ON STANDARDIZED TESTS The widely-used tests for college admissions are the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Test (ACT).

How important are your test scores? That depends on where you apply. College guidebooks and admission materials often list the average test scores of students at a particular college or university. Keep in mind this is an average, not a minimum. The scores of students admitted to the school are in a range extending below, as well as above, that average.

An increasing number of colleges list a range which shows the scores of the middle 50 percent of the students who attend the school.

College admission officers are fully aware, too, some students do not "test well." Slow reading speed, unfamiliarity with the test format, or anxiety may cause a student to underperform on standardized tests. For these reasons, virtually all colleges also consider other factors when they select students. They look at grades, recommendations, essays, and a student's special talents and achievements. Additionally, many schools are test optional.

OUT-OF-CLASS ACTIVITIES Most colleges look for students with many interests. Colleges notice students involved in theater, musical groups, special interest clubs (such as photography or debate), student publications, athletics, or student government.

Of course, colleges also look for students who belong to academic groups such as honor societies, language clubs, science clubs, and the like. Part-time work, interesting summer adventure, or unusual experiences may also be important to some colleges.

COLLEGE GUIDES There are many wonderful guidebooks and websites dedicated to colleges and universities. These resources are good for objective information about enrollment, major fields of study, church affiliation, costs, and student life.

Be wary of any guide that claims to rank colleges and universities. The quality of your educational experience will depend more on how well the college meets your needs and goals than on any criteria a guide might use to rank colleges.

Also, no one guide can capture the spirit or strength of a college. If you compare several accounts, though, you can better judge a college's admission literature.

COLLEGE ADMISSION REPRESENTATIVES During the school year, admission representatives from a number of colleges and universities will visit our school. Be sure to seek out representatives from the colleges you are considering. This is a good opportunity to explore more about an institution and have your questions answered. More importantly, however, it allows the rep to meet you and learn more about you. Remember, this rep is the one who will be reading your application and advocating for you in the admissions process. You want him/her to have a favorable impression of you and be able to say, “I met this kid – and he/she would be a great addition to our freshman class next year.”

REQUEST INFORMATION FROM COLLEGES As you compile a list of colleges and universities you might be interested in, get to work – don’t wait around for anyone to reach out to you. Sign up to receive information through each institution’s admissions webpage. Use SCOIR to explore more about that school and how it might fit your goals and priorities. Find the contact information for our region’s admission counselor for each school, and reach out to them. A simple email can result in additional answers to your questions or even score you an individual Zoom Meeting to discuss the school and your interest in it. If you want to find out about particular majors, sports, or activities, ask for that, too.

GET ORGANIZED To make the best use of all the information you gather from colleges, get organized. Keep a digital and/or physical folder for each college, along with a notebook or Google doc with your notes about each college. Some students even like making spreadsheets to focus their college search and organize their applications.

Ask yourself these questions: 1. Does the college have the major or program I want?

2. Does it have the activities and/or sports I want?

3. Do I meet the college's admission requirements?

4. Will the college help me achieve my educational and personal goals?

The idea is not to make a final decision now. Instead, read and think about each college as carefully as possible. Then figure out what other information you need to gather.

There is much information to keep track of, so keep good records throughout the college selection process. Did you talk with an admission representative? Jot down the person's name, the date, and what you talked about. Keep copies of your test score reports and of all forms, applications, and letters you send out. Write down the dates when you ask for recommendations from your teachers and counselor.

OTHER USEFUL TIDBITS OF INFORMATION •

Most of your questions should be answered in this manual. It is designed to give you the necessary specifics about the college application process. Please keep this in a convenient location and refer to it often.

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I recommend you limit your college applications by applying to 4 to 8 colleges. Consider using the following balance: 2 to 3 reach schools, 2 to 3 match schools, and 2 safety schools. ALL of these schools should be schools you have an interest in attending. Remember, these are merely suggestions. The college application process is not a one-size-fits-all experience. Some students will apply to one school, while others will apply to 10 or more over the course of the year. For this reason, it is important to have honest conversations about your goals with your parents/guardians/guardians and Mrs. Gorman.

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All juniors and seniors are allowed three days each school year for college campus visits. Your parent should submit your absence on the Parent Portal, and when you return you should bring a note to the Upper School office from the institution’s admissions office for proof of visit.

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If you want to participate in athletics on the college level in either a Division I or II school, you must register with the NCAA Eligibility Center. This Center determines athletic eligibility.

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Students with diagnosed learning disabilities are eligible to apply for extended-timed testing with ACT and SAT. The documentation must be on file at Pulaski Academy and must be recent (within three years for ACT and five years for SAT before needing a re-evaluation). Additionally, PA must be making similar modifications for you to qualify. For more information, please see Ms. Koller.

COLLEGE APPLICATION CHOICES OF SENIORS On the following pages are lists of colleges and universities which have seen applications from Pulaski Academy over the last five years. This is not a comprehensive list but will give you enough information for the sake of comparisons.

Many college handbooks show how the colleges rank themselves: by percentage of applicants accepted, high school class rank, and test scores. Do not confuse the level of admissions difficulty with how difficult it is to stay in that particular college or how competitive the students are with each other. Often it is more difficult to get into these highly competitive schools than it is to stay in. For comparison, the following colleges are broken down into three categories:

MODERATELY DIFFICULT More than 75% of the freshmen were in the top half of their high school graduating class and scored over 1010 (R+M) on the SAT or over 18 on the ACT. About 85% or fewer of the applicants were accepted.

VERY DIFFICULT More than 50% of the freshmen were in the top ten percent of their high school graduating class and scored over 1230 (R+M) on the SAT or over 26 on the ACT. About 60% or fewer of the applicants were accepted.

MOST DIFFICULT More than 75% of the freshmen were in the top ten percent of their high school graduating class and scored over 1310 (R+M) on the SAT or over 29 on the ACT. About 30% or fewer of the applicants were accepted.

Moderately Difficult Colleges/Universities Arizona State University Arkansas State University Auburn University Baylor University Belmont University Centenary College Colorado State University DePauw University Drexel University Drury College Elon University Howard University Indiana University Louisiana State University Louisiana Tech University Loyola University Miami University Michigan State University Oklahoma State University Ouachita Baptist University Purdue University Randolph-Macon University Regis University St. Louis University Southern Methodist University Temple University Texas A&M University University of Alabama University of Arizona University of Arkansas University of Central Arkansas University of Kansas University of Mississippi University of Missouri University of Montana University of Oklahoma University of San Francisco University of Vermont Westminster College William Woods University

Tempe, AZ Jonesboro, AR Auburn, AL Waco, TX Nashville, TN Shreveport, LA Fort Collins, CO Greencastle, IN Philadelphia, PA Springfield, MO Elon, NC Washington, DC Bloomington, IN Baton Rouge, LA Ruston, LA New Orleans, LA Oxford, OH East Lansing, MI Stillwater, OK Arkadelphia, AR West Lafayette, IN Roanoke, VA Denver, CO St. Louis, MO Dallas, TX Philadelphia, PA College Station, TX Tuscaloosa, AL Tucson, AZ Fayetteville, AR Conway, AR Lawrence, KS Oxford, MS Columbia, MO Missoula, MT Norman, OK San Francisco, CA Burlington, VT Fulton, MO Fulton, MO

Very Difficult Colleges/Universities American University Boston College Boston University Carleton College Case Western Reserve University Centre College Colorado College Connecticut College Davidson College George Washington University Hamilton College Hendrix College Mount Holyoke College Northeastern University Ohio Wesleyan University Pepperdine University Rhodes College Southwestern University Syracuse University Texas Christian University Trinity University Tulane University United States Naval Academy University of California University of California University of California University of California University of California University of California University of Georgia University of Michigan University of North Carolina University of Richmond University of Rochester University of Texas University of Tulsa University of the South University of Virginia University of Washington Vassar College Wake Forest University

Washington, DC Boston, MA Boston, MA Northfield, MN Cleveland, OH Danville, KY Colorado Springs, CO New London, CT Davidson, NC Washington, DC Clinton, NY Conway, AR Amherst, MA Boston, MA Delaware, OH Malibu, CA Memphis, TN Georgetown, TX Syracuse, NY Fort Worth, TX San Antonio, TX New Orleans, LA Annapolis, MD Berkeley, CA Davis, CA Irvine, CA Los Angeles, CA Santa Barbara, CA Santa Cruz, CA Athens, GA Ann Arbor, MI Chapel Hill, NC Richmond, VA Rochester, NY Austin, TX Tulsa, OK Sewanee, TN Charlottesville, VA Seattle, WA Poughkeepsie, NY Winston-Salem, NC

Most Difficult Colleges/Universities Amherst College Barnard College Bowdoin College Brandeis University Brown University Bryn Mawr College Bucknell University California Institute of Technology Carnegie Mellon University Claremont McKenna College Colgate University College of William & Mary Columbia University Cornell University Dartmouth College Duke University Emory University Georgetown University Harvard University Lehigh University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Middlebury College Northwestern University Pomona College Princeton University Rice University Stanford University Tufts University United States Air Force Academy University of Chicago University of Notre Dame University of Pennsylvania University of Virginia University of Southern California Vanderbilt University Washington & Lee University Washington University Williams College

Amherst, MA New York, NY Brunswick, ME Waltham, MA Providence, RI Bryn Mawr, PA Lewisburg, PA Pasadena, CA Pittsburg, PA Claremont, CA Hamilton, NY Williamsburg, VA New York, NY Ithaca, NY Hanover, NH Durham, NC Atlanta, GA Washington, DC Cambridge, MA Bethlehem, PA Cambridge, MA Middlebury, VT Evanston, IL Claremont, CA Princeton, NJ Houston, TX Stanford, CA Medford, MA Colorado Springs, CO Chicago, IL Notre Dame, IN Philadelphia, PA Charlottesville, VA Los Angeles, Ca Nashville, TN Lexington, VA St. Louis, MO Williamstown, MA

COUNTDOWN TO COLLEGE While not an exhaustive list, the following breakdown can provide you with a general overview of your responsibilities in college application process. Throughout the school year, Mrs. Gorman will let you know any additional steps you should be taking or considerations you should have in the application process.

AUGUST 2022 • Log into SCOIR and explore the platform. Make sure your parents/guardians are connected to your account.

• Begin viewing college websites and sign up for mailing lists of schools of particular interest.

• Subscribe to the College Rep Visit Google calendar, and make note of any interesting schools.

• Register for at least one fall standardized test (ACT or SAT).

• If need accommodations for standardized testing, see Ms. Koller.

• If interested in collegiate athletics or service academies, see Mrs. Gorman.

SEPTEMBER 2022 through FEBRUARY 2023 • Meet with college representatives visiting the school by either in-person or virtual meetings.

• Take the PSAT at school on October 12.

• Begin viewing college websites and visiting any campuses if possible.

• Make plans for senior year course selections.

MARCH 2023 • Take the Juniors-only ACT at school on March 7.

• Go on the PA Junior College Trip from March 11 to 22.

• Attend the Central Arkansas Private Schools (CAPS) College Fair at UA-Little Rock on March 30.

APRIL 2023 • Plan for summer opportunities (employment, community service, camps/programs, test prep, job shadowing).

MAY 2023 • Finalize summer plans.

• Register for June/July standardized testing.

• Plan your summer college visits, and schedule interviews (if available/encouraged).

• Research about Early Action or Early Decision possibilities.

• Research private sources of financial aid.

JUNE & JULY 2023 • Create or update your student resume with details from the past three years and plans for senior year.

• Complete and submit your online Senior Forms, emailed to you by Mrs. Gorman.

• Schedule a family or student meeting (in-person or virtual) with Mrs. Gorman.

• Review and confirm your senior year course selections with Mrs. Gorman.

• Set up your college admissions organization strategy (digital/physical, docs/spreadsheets, calendars, SCOIR).

• Visit colleges, making sure to check in with each school’s admissions office when on campus.

• Take at least one standardized test.

• If interested in participating in college athletics, set up NCAA Eligibility Center account.

• Set up your Common App account with your basic info, which will roll over during the August update.

• Apply for at least one rolling admissions college/university, like U of A, through their school’s application.

• Make plans for national competitive scholarships (i.e. Coca-Cola Scholars, Foot Locker Scholar Athletes).

AUGUST 2023 • Review and confirm your transcript and senior year course schedule with Mrs. Gorman.

• Log into your Common App account on or after August 1 to add schools to your application list.

• Check current admissions requirements materials for colleges on your list.

• Prepare for any necessary recommendation letters, and discuss recommender list with Mrs. Gorman.

• Consider possible essay topics.

• Register for fall standardized testing.

SEPTEMBER 2023 • Narrow your list of colleges for applications, and discuss the list with your parents/guardians and Mrs. Gorman.

• Organize application materials and set up a checklist for all admissions requirements.

• Make note of all deadlines – admissions as well as scholarships and financial aid.

• Begin working on your essay(s).

• Decide whether or not to file an Early Action or Early Decision application.

• Ask recommenders to write letters for you, and provide them with your stat sheet and any possible deadlines.

• Register for PA’s senior-only on-campus ACT test with Ms. Koller, and make plans for test prep.

OCTOBER 2023 • Update your resume with any additional senior-year activities.

• Remind your parents/guardians that the FAFSA and the CSS Profile (for financial aid) both open on October 1.

• Work on applications and essays.

• Visit with your English teacher and Mrs. Gorman about your essay topics and future editing.

• Follow up with teachers writing your letters of recommendation (if required) to remind them of due dates.

NOVEMBER 2023 • Evaluate your standardized test scores and determine whether you can take the December ACT for EA apps.

• Prepare for upcoming EA and ED deadlines by completing applications and setting them aside to review.

• Refine your essays and meet with Mrs. Gorman and English teacher for final edits.

• Check in with your rec letter writers to ensure they submit their letters on or before your application deadline.

• Organize scholarship application materials and set up a checklist for all scholarship requirements.

DECEMBER 2023 • Submit school-specific scholarship applications by the priority deadline (UA is December 1).

• Check your email and/or student portal(s) for info about your application, materials needed, or next steps.

• If accepted under Early Decision, withdraw all other applications.

• Arrange alumni interview if required.

• Visit any campuses if possible over winter break.

JANUARY 2024 • Let Mrs. Gorman know of any changes in your list of colleges.

• Provide screenshots or email forwards of any college acceptances to Mrs. Gorman.

• Confirm with Mrs. Staples your list of non-Common App schools that need your mid-year transcript.

• Evaluate EA acceptances and determine if more applications should be files.

• Begin applications for private scholarships, many of which have winter/spring due dates.

• Watch for all deadlines – applications, financial aid, scholarships, etc.

FEBRUARY 2024 • Mail any helpful supplementary information to schools (i.e. science fair, NHD, thesis, athletic achievements).

• Continue finding and submitting scholarship applications.

• Provide your list of top college options to Mrs. Gorman.

MARCH 2024 • Apply for the Arkansas Governor’s Distinguished Scholarship if you have a 32 or above on the ACT. • Apply for the Arkansas Academic Challenge Scholarship if you have a 19 or above on the ACT. • Revisit colleges you are most interested in.

• Provide screenshots or email forwards of your financial aid packages and scholarships to Mrs. Gorman.

APRIL 2024 • Receive your last college decisions – April 15 is the National Notification Date.

• Share your final college choice with Mrs. Gorman and confirm your total scholarship offers.

MAY 2024 • Send tuition deposit to your chosen college no later than May 1, the National Response Date.

• Inform all other colleges you will not be enrolling.

JUNE 2024 • After graduation, final transcripts are sent to your college of choice.

TYPES OF ADMISSIONS DECISIONS EARLY ADMISSIONS An exceptional student might terminate his high school education after the junior year and enroll in college. Early Admission is generally highly selective. This is NOT something that Pulaski Academy students do – but it is included here so that you are aware of the meaning of this admissions option.

EARLY DECISION I (ED-I) Early Decision I (ED-I), a plan offered by a select number of colleges and universities, allows a student to apply to only one school for an early admission judgement, as a rule, in early November. The student will usually receive the decision of the college by mid-December. This is a binding decision and, if accepted, the student is obligated to attend.

As such, the student, parent/guardian, and Mrs. Gorman must sign ED contracts affirming that the choice is final if the student is accepted. The student may submit other applications during this period, but only one can be Early Decision. The student must also withdraw these applications if he is accepted to his ED institution.

EARLY DECISION II (ED-II) Some colleges offer an Early Decision (ED-II) plan with an application deadline that is later than ED-I, usually in December, January or February. The same rules apply as those for Early Decision I. These plans are designed to give you more time to make a thoughtful college choice decision. As with ED-I, you will be notified of the decision approximately four to six weeks later.

Advantages of Early Decision This is a wonderful way to go IF you are absolutely CERTAIN you want to attend that particular college, since the college application process will be concluded for you if you are admitted. If you are a recruited athlete, applying ED helps to cement your commitment to a coach. If you represent any other special consideration group, applying early may help your chances.

Disadvantages of Early Decision The primary disadvantage is the commitment you must make early in the process. You need to be a strong candidate since the Early Decision pool is a predominantly high-powered one. Financial aid awards are, at this point, only estimates, so if the size or nature of your financial aid award is of great significance, you may not want to close out all other options by being accepted ED. Additionally, applying early depends on you having your mind completely set on a school. Many times, students’ top schools in the fall do not end up being the final choice in the spring – even if they are accepted to those schools. Your senior year is a time of exploration and self-discovery, so you should only apply somewhere ED if you have done your due diligence during the summer to visit the campus, research the program offerings, discuss finances with your family, and ultimately confirm this school is “the one” for you.

One other disadvantage is the potential for ED deferral or denial, which can be difficult to experience from your dream school. When a student is deferred in the early admission process, it actually feels like rejection and can be devastating to your ego at the time of year when you need to be at the top of your game when submitting applications to other colleges. Also, when you are deferred early admission, your application goes into the regular applicant pool and may not be as impressive as those submitted by students who had almost two months longer to polish their applications. ED denial, on the other hand, is a final “no.”

EARLY ACTION Early Action is a plan offered by a few schools which invites early application but is non-binding and does not require the student to attend if accepted. The student can continue other applications with the Regular Decision deadline before making a final decision. EA deadlines are usually early November with decisions announced in mid-December.

Advantages of Early Action EA is a wonderful way to go if you are sure you want to attend that particular college and are admitted and yet, you are not obligated to attend. Many schools also require EA applications if students want to be considered for school-specific scholarships.

Ultimately, we strongly suggest that students consider applying EA, because this process allows students to finish a large portion of their application process in the fall. Then, they get the benefit of knowing their decisions by January at the latest. This allows them to evaluate their college options, visiting campuses after receiving acceptances and potentially submitting additional applications through regular or rolling decision.

Disadvantages of Early Action You need to be a strong applicant to be considered competitive in this early pool. Luckily, PA students prove to be strong applicants, and many match/safety schools offer EA application options.

Some thoughts on Early Applications We continue to be embroiled in the early application controversy in this country, and everyone seems to have good arguments both in support of and against early. Here are a few observations and a little advice. In the end, the decision is yours, but always discuss the issue through with Mrs. Gorman and your parents/guardians before proceeding.

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If you are a strong applicant in every way and you are certain the institution you are applying to is your first choice, applying Early Decision may be the way to go. Some evidence shows that a few colleges are taking more students early, but remember: they are continuing to take only the most academically-qualified candidates in the pool.

In the absence of outstanding academic qualifications, an early application, coupled with a special consideration, may improve your chances of admission in some cases.

An early app in and of itself does not constitute “special consideration.” By simply applying early, you do not gain an appreciable advantage. You must first meet the general standards of the college to which you are applying. If you do not, ED or EA will do virtually nothing to improve your admission chances.

You do not need to apply early in order to prove to a college it is your first choice. There are other ways of conveying that message.

If you do not feel ready to apply early for whatever reason, DON’T! Always consult with Mrs. Gorman if you feel pressured, one way or another, about this issue.

Be cautious when listening to what some college admission folks tell you about your chances regarding Early Decision – it may be a part of their job to generate as many ED applications as possible.

SINGLE-CHOICE EARLY ACTION OR RESTRICTIVE EARLY ACTION These admission programs incorporate some features of both EA and ED. You can only apply to one SingleChoice or Restrictive Early Action school, and you cannot apply to other colleges through an early admissions program. The result is a policy that is less restrictive than early decision, but more restrictive than early action.

REGULAR DECISION The deadline for regular decision will vary from school to school. All supporting information should be sent to the admissions office by the given deadline. Generally, admissions decisions are released from mid-March to the National Notification Date of April 15.

ROLLING ADMISSIONS The college will notify the student as soon as the application has been processed (usually in four to six weeks) and the file is complete. It is to the student’s advantage to apply early before the admissions office is swamped with late spring applications. Some colleges will delay a decision pending seventh semester grades.

We strongly suggest that students complete their first application in the summer to a rolling admissions institution, because this process allows students to have a low-key introduction to the application process. Then, they get the benefit of being able to celebrate an acceptance as early as August, as most rolling admissions schools are safety choices that PA students are well-qualified for acceptance.

OPEN ADMISSIONS Students are immediately accepted to institutions upon application in open admissions (usually community colleges).

DEFERRED ADMISSION Deferred admission is a plan that permits a student, once accepted, to postpone matriculation for one year in order to pursue other plans.

DEADLINES College applications are largely submitted electronically, through individual school websites, student portals, Common App, Coalition, or other means. Be very careful to know the exact day and time of your application’s submission deadline, as they vary. Generally speaking, if a deadline is listed as a certain date with no time identified, then you have until 11:59 p.m. on that day to hit the “submit” button.

However, do not wait until the last minute, because as the saying goes, “if anything could go wrong, it will.” Don’t put a lot of trust in your laptop or internet connection, as you know this would be the opportune time for either to glitch, run slowly, or go out altogether. Additionally, in the last hour before deadlines, application systems are overloaded by a large number of procrastinating students, slowing the processing speed of the site, causing malfunctions or access issues, and potentially resulting in your application being submitted after the deadline. This late submission could bump you in the consideration process, even moving your application from EA to RD. Ultimately, you are the one responsible for submission. Be smart and timely so you have no guilt or regrets because you missed the deadline.

Postal mail submission of paper materials is largely outdated, but it still may exist in special circumstances. Just in case you are required to mail physical copies of an application, letter, or supplemental information, please be aware of the following wording and what it means for a deadline: “Postmarked” – means you must send the application to the college no later than the deadline date. You would need to make sure that you have dropped off the envelope at the post office prior to their closing time to ensure the proper date will be postmarked. It’s also not a bad idea to send it certified to be able to track it.

“Received By” – means you must send your application well in advance of the deadline (5+ working days).

COMPLETING APPLICATIONS THE COMMON APPLICATION The Common Application simplifies the college admission process by saving time and eliminating duplication of effort. Once completed, copies of the Application for Undergraduate Admission and associated secondary school forms may be sent to any of the participating colleges and universities. You may set up your Common Application account at www.commonapp.org. Below is a general outline of the Common App process: • • •

•

Create an account, using a special email that you’ve created specifically for college applications.

Complete the Application for Undergraduate Admission.

Starting August 1, add colleges to your list of desired applications. o Each college may require additional specific information. o Some colleges require supplemental forms along with your Common Application. Check the Requirements Grid to learn how to retrieve and submit these forms. o Some colleges may require school-specific essay answers or additional writing samples to complete an application. o Some schools will also allow submission of supplemental material, such as music recordings, artwork, reports of scientific projects, chapters of a thesis project, etc. Consult each institution’s instructions for submitting these materials.

Consult the Common App website for helpful resources to understand the process of application submission.

COALITION, APPLY TEXAS, & OTHER COLLEGE-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Some colleges are not members of Common App and prefer to use their own college-specific applications. University of California schools, Cal State schools, and Texas schools use their own application platforms. If you are applying to a non-Common App school, please remember to do the following: • • •

Inform Mrs. Gorman of any applications that you are submitting outside of Common App. Confirm transcript submission to these schools with Mrs. Staples.

Communicate with all your rec letter writers (including Mrs. Gorman) regarding the deadlines and expectations for any letters needed for any non-Common App schools. Ensure they have received a separate email with information regarding letter submission.

REQUESTING A TRANSCRIPT As PA’s registrar, Mrs. Staples is responsible for maintaining, updating, and sending transcripts. The counseling office will upload your transcript through Common App when you have submitted your first application, and it will then be available through the platform to any subsequent schools to which you apply. For transcript requests to schools not applied to through Common App, students should email Mrs. Staples at debbie.staples@pulaskiacademy.org or drop into the Counseling Office. Please make sure to include information about your school’s city and state, in order to ensure that your transcript is sent to the correct institution.

FINAL APPLICATION REMINDERS This is your one and only chance to make a good impression on the entire admissions committee, so do it right!

• • •

Take your time – application completion and submission should not just happen in the matter of hours.

Be sure to follow directions.

Pay attention to details. Meeting deadlines and providing supplementary materials are your responsibility.

THE APPLICATION CHECKLIST Now you're ready to apply to the colleges you've chosen. To keep track of what you need to do and when, answer the following questions for each college to which you're applying.

□ Have you discussed your application plan with your parents/guardians and Mrs. Gorman? □ Do you know the deadline for filing the application (if any)? Read all application instructions carefully! □ Have you confirmed the application fee and established a plan for payment? □ Does the school require any other information in the application process? Make note of the need for additional essays, recommendation letters, or supplemental materials.

□ Have you entered the names and email addresses of your references so they will receive a message from the application platform requesting their recommendation?

□ Have you brainstormed, written, and edited your main college essay with Mrs. Gorman and English teacher?

Have you done the same for any additional essays?

□ Have you checked to be sure you answered all of the questions on the application form? □ Have you submitted your application prior to the established deadline? □ Has your official high school transcript been sent? □ Does the school accept standardized test scores through the high school transcript, or do they require official test scores directly from ACT or SAT? If official test scores are required, you must log into your ACT or College Board accounts to have them sent. A fee applies each time you send a score report.

□ Do you plan to apply for scholarships and/or financial aid? If so, have you and your parents/guardians completed the FAFSA, the CSS Profile, private scholarship forms, or the college's own form?

□ Have you had an interview (if required or suggested)? □ Have you checked the admission materials, your email, and/or your student portal to see whether the college requires any further action?

Remember, it is always a good idea to start early so you have plenty of time to complete all applications before their deadlines.

AFTER THE DECISIONS When each college has evaluated your application, you will receive a letter, email, or platform notification telling you whether or not you have been admitted and granted financial aid. Most colleges will have a notification date: usually sometime around December 15 for Early Action or Early Decision applicants, and around April 15 for Regular Decision applicants. The National College Decision Date is May 1.

GETTING IN Please follow this very technical and official process when finding out you have been accepted to a school: Step One: Jump for joy!

Step Two: Notify Mrs. Gorman, and follow up with a quick screenshot or email forward of the acceptance so it can be added to your file.

Step Three: Consider the cost. Financial aid information may come with your acceptance letters. Sometimes those letters are separate; allow a few days before becoming too anxious. You may also need to submit a separate application for scholarships to that particular institution, so the wait may take even longer before you fully know your cost of attendance after financial aid and scholarships.

Step Four: Accept the offer, if you wish to attend; deny the offer if you do not.

Step Five: Keep up the hard work and exemplary behavior you exhibited in your application. Disciplinary infractions or academic performances which are a departure from your record could put you on probation as a college freshman, or worse, could cause the college to revoke your acceptance. Usually, admissions letters indicate that your acceptance depends upon the successful completion of your current year. They mean it!

If you have been accepted at several colleges and it is still a toss-up, visiting the colleges a second time may help you decide. Are your impressions the same or have they changed since your first visit? In the end, the choice rests with you and your family.

GETTING WAITLISTED Being put on a waitlist is not a “no:” it’s a “not right now.” Colleges utilize their waitlists to fill spots in their freshman class when other students decline their acceptances for spots at other schools. You still can have a solid choice of attending that school from the waitlist if you take advantage of the opportunity granted to you. If you wish to remain on one or more waitlists, you should do the following: • • • •

Give a response as soon as possible. Colleges are always interested to know how interested you are in them. If a college goes to their waitlist to admit more students, they will go for the ones they believe will attend.

Notify Mrs. Gorman as soon as possible to discuss strategies.

Write a personal letter/email to the college admissions office emphasizing how much you hope to attend, why you think their school is the best place for you, and highlighting any new accomplishments (including better grades) they may not know about.

Think about anyone else – faculty, family, friend, peer – who might write an additional letter of support.

Offers of admission from the waiting list usually occur after May 1 and can drag on into the summer months, so be sure to accept one college’s offer by May 1 deadline to secure a space somewhere. If you are admitted from a waitlist later and decide to attend that college, you need to advise the college office whose offer you had initially accepted and forfeit the deposit there.

GETTING DENIED It is never easy to face rejection, but this, too, is a part of the college application process, unfortunately. Rarely, if ever, are negative admissions decisions changed after the letters have been mailed. Although it is easier said than done, you should not take a denial personally. Getting denied does not mean that you were not qualified or that the college did not like your application; instead, it indicates that the admissions team determined that your strengths and contributions were not a match for the incoming freshman class that year. Oftentimes, it may be that they had enough premed majors, tuba players, or center fielders (or whatever your interest/talent is). Have faith that your character and abilities will be welcome and celebrated by the right institution… so be hopeful and patient. Everything always works itself out, and you will land at the college or university that is the best fit for you.

TAKING A YEAR OFF Increasingly, students are taking time off (a.k.a. a “Gap Year”) after high school. They may travel, work, or become involved intensively in an organized program or series of organized programs. Regardless of what you might choose to do, a year off is a terrific opportunity to recharge your batteries and/or try something you never again might have the opportunity to do.

Many colleges now ask on the application if a student plans to defer a year. Be honest. It will not affect your chances of admission. In fact, colleges support the notion of a year off because students subsequently enter their freshman year with life experience, better perspective, and, perhaps most importantly, a refreshed hunger and excitement for learning.

If you do decide to take a year off, you still need to respond to offers of admission. Be sure to determine – before May 1 – the procedure for requesting “deferred admission” from the college you have decided to attend.

COLLEGIATE SPORTS Only Division I and Division II colleges and universities can offer athletic scholarships. Division III schools have intercollegiate sports but cannot offer athletic scholarships. Although the Ivy League colleges are considered Division I, they cannot offer athletic scholarships since they award money on a need-basis only.

NCAA ELIGIBILITY CENTER The eligibility center evaluates your academic record to determine if you are eligible to participate at a Division I or II college as a freshman student-athlete. To register with the eligibility center, you must complete the Student Release Form and amateurism questionnaire at the beginning of your junior year online and submit a registration fee. This Student Release Form does two things: • It authorizes each high school you have attended to send the eligibility center your transcript, test scores, proof of graduation, and other necessary academic information.

• It authorizes the eligibility center to send your academic information to all colleges which request your eligibility status.

To apply online, go to www.eligibilitycenter.org. Select Prospective Student-Athletes and then register as a U.S. or international student. Complete the Student Release Form online and include your credit or debit card information to pay the fee. Check with Mrs. Staples to ensure that your application went through; she will then submit your transcript to the NCAA Eligibility Center portal. If you have attended multiple high schools since ninth grade, each school will submit your official transcript to the Eligibility Center.

You should check with Mrs. Staples during August of your senior year to be sure the Eligibility Center has received all your necessary information.

STUDENT ATHLETES AND STANDARDIZED TESTING Be sure to include the code for the Eligibility Center (9999) every time you take an ACT/SAT test. Coding them in when you register will save you money down the road. If you are approved for extended time on standardized tests, you will need to be sure all the necessary paperwork is sent to the Eligibility Center.

QUESTIONS? For more information about pursuing athletic offers to play collegiate sports, please schedule a time to talk with both your head coach and Mrs. Gorman.

SERVICE ACADEMIES Every year, U.S. military academies welcome some of the best and brightest young people from Arkansas. A select number of our students have been nominated and ultimately appointed to our prestigious military academies. The United States has five service academies: •

The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in Colorado Springs, Colorado

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The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) in New London, Connecticut

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The United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) in Kings Point, New York

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The United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York

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The United States Naval Academy (USNA) in Annapolis, Maryland

Before pursuing a nomination there a few important points to consider: •

The honor of attending a service academy comes with an obligation and commitment to serve in the military for a minimum of five years;

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Nominations are required for all but the USCGA, to which appointments are made on the basis of an annual nationwide competition;

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There are two steps you are required to take to seek a nomination: o

First step: Apply directly to the academy or academies to which you would accept an offer;

o

Second step: Apply for a nomination from your U.S. Senators and your U.S. Representative.

•

The process begins in the spring of a student’s junior year in high school, which is the time to open a file with the academies for which you are interested in an appointment.

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Applications for nominations are usually due in the fall of your senior year in high school.

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Nominations are awarded on a strictly competitive basis which provides that the nominees compete among themselves for final appointment determined by the academies.

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The academies take into consideration a nominee's academic record, extracurricular and athletic activities, physical aptitude, ACT and/or SAT scores, leadership ability and medical qualifications. Such facets of an applicant's record are also considered during the nomination selection process. No person will be offered admission if he or she does not meet the physical standards of the academy unless awarded a medical waiver by the academy.

•

The most successful candidates apply to all nominating sources: both Senators and Congressman, and when applicable, to the Vice-President and President.

QUESTIONS? For more information about pursuing nominations to be appointed to a service academy, please schedule a time to talk with Mrs. Gorman.

STANDARDIZED TESTING Pulaski Academy’s ACT/CEEB Code Number is – 041-444 STANDARDIZED TESTS Standardized testing is an important factor in admission decisions. A few institutions have downplayed the importance of scores, and some have eliminated test requirements entirely, but these institutions are in the minority. At most colleges, standardized testing still matters.

Students who plan carefully and familiarize themselves with the test format through use of practice materials are able to attain scores which accurately reflect their school performance.

There are two different standardized tests used for college admission. The American College Test (ACT) consists of four parts – English, Math, Reading, and Science Reasoning. An average of the four subtests is reported as a Composite score. The scores on the ACT range from a low of one to a high of thirty-six on each subtest as well as the composite. There is also an optional writing component to the ACT. Always check to see which tests are required by the colleges on your list. If writing is required, colleges usually only take those ACT results which include the writing component.

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) consists of two parts – Reading and Math. The scores range from a low of 200 to a high of 800 with a combined high score of 1600.

USEFUL TESTING INFORMATION Colleges will use your best score. Generally, schools will take your best subscore on different SAT tests and combine them. Colleges usually take your best composite score on the ACT. However, ACT will soon provide “superscore” on their report, and many more colleges will begin to accept this data point in your application. Do not panic if they see a composite score that is not your best – schools want to see determination and growth when it comes to tests.

Virtually all but a handful of colleges/universities will accept either ACT or SAT scores. You should take both tests initially, and then focus on the one you are more comfortable with and have gotten the better test scores. Check the ACT/SAT Concordance Tables and go for your best.

You should set a goal to take at least two tests (either ACT or SAT or both) before the end of your junior year. The latest ACT or SAT test that you can take for admissions or scholarship consideration is usually December of your senior year. Even this will be too late if you are applying EA or ED at most institutions. Check with your colleges of choice to determine the latest standardized test scores they will accept.

If a college requires test scores must come directly from the testing agency, you are responsible for sending your test scores to your colleges by sending them through your ACT or College Board accounts.

The NCAA Clearinghouse needs to have all test scores for students on file. It will save you time and money to code them in when you register to take each test. The NCAA Clearinghouse code is 9999. Test scores are needed for eligibility reasons; students should not fear a low test score.

2023-2023 College Board AP Exams College Board Advanced Placement Exams will be administered the first two full weeks of May 2023. Specific details will be posted by College Board in July.

ACT/SAT TEST PREPARATION Students are always asking for ways that they can improve their ACT or SAT scores. Some core teachers have often provided subject-specific tutoring if students desire in-depth content tutoring to raise their score in a certain section.

The counselors provide free practice tests on the Saturday mornings the week before national ACT test dates.

Free or purchased self-help materials may be all that is necessary for a determined student working on his/her own.

ACT offers free online prep through their ACT Academy program. The Upper School Counseling Website has a number of practice tests for both the ACT and SAT that you can print and complete on your own. This allows you to become familiar with the test and style of questions, contributing to increased confidence and decreased test anxiety.

Teachers are available to clear up any confusion students may have about questions they could not answer.

Ultimately, practice makes perfect. Just as an athlete, musician, or actor would not participate in an important game, concert, or play without a significant amount of training and strategy, you should not underestimate the value of test prep. Make a concerted effort to approach your standardized test day with a similar focus and preparation to that of a dedicated professional. Make a plan for your pre-test prep schedule – and stick to it. Create a study group if you need others to help you stay focused and accountable. When practicing, endeavor to replicate as many of the characteristics of a test environment in order to have the best experience possible, including desk space and section timing.

Other options for test prep programs include, but are not limited to, the following: • • • • • • •

College Prep Coach – Steve Leake Huntington Learning Center Kaplan Test Prep Odyssey College Prep – Marc Gray The Princeton Review Sylvan Learning Center UALR – may be offered at sites other than the UALR campus through Continuing Education

Please note that Pulaski Academy does not endorse or support any of the above programs; they are listed merely for informational purposes. Although for-pay test prep options like these are popular, they do have their disadvantages, including cost. They can also require a lot of additional time and energy to attend. Additionally, if a student is not motivated, or is participating against his/her will, scores tend not to increase significantly.

TEST SCORES ON THE TRANSCRIPT Although all test information is on the transcript, many colleges will want an official copy of your scores sent directly from either the ACT or SAT testing center. This means if you do not code the school to receive your test score at the time you take the test, you will need to request ACT/SAT send the score to the college at a later date, which comes with a fee for each test you choose to send.

Students who apply EA or ED to a college and are taking the ACT/SAT in the fall of the senior year should have the scores mailed directly to the college at the time they register for the test.

Please note – all of your semester grades for grades nine through twelve and test scores are on the transcript. Test scores are optional for some colleges and are not a required part the application process. If you think you might want to go test optional in a college application, please talk that consideration over with Mrs. Gorman.

LEARNING DIFFERENCES AND COLLEGE COUNSELING Students are often confused about the college process as it relates to their learning differences. This is especially true in the area of college admissions testing.

Students wishing to request extended time on the ACT, SAT, or PSAT test must adhere to the following criteria: •

Students must have a diagnosed learning difference or medical on file at Pulaski Academy.

•

This diagnosis must be more than a year old for a stronger chance of accommodations being approved by the testing agency.

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Students must be receiving the same accommodations at Pulaski Academy for which they are asking the testing center (i.e., extended time on tests, audio testing, test scribe).

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Students must meet the national deadlines for test registration.

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Students may be put in rooms with other students to be tested at the national test site.

Please be aware of the following: •

Although colleges cannot legally ask if a student has a learning difference, you should be a confident advocate for yourself. Seek colleges with programs which will best meet your needs, and be frank with the school when discussing your possible attendance.

•

Colleges do not discriminate for students with learning differences. They simply want to be sure they can provide the services the student needs. However, colleges and ACT/SAT are seeing a trend of students who are suddenly diagnosed with a learning difference at the end of the junior year and need to have extra time for standardized testing only. While this situation does legitimately occur for many students, it does make it more difficult for a newly-diagnosed junior or senior to be approved for standardized testing accommodations.

•

Students who can be successful in the classroom and take their tests with their peers should certainly be encouraged to do so. The level of test modifications at college will be dependent upon the college the student will attend.

QUESTIONS? For more information about standardized test accommodations, please schedule a time to talk with Ms. Koller.

LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION Colleges differ when it comes to recommendations. Most require a recommendation from your high school counselor.

Some also ask for references from a teacher and/or an adult who you know well, such as a friend of the family, an employer, or a member of the clergy.

It is important these people know you well enough to provide valuable insights about you. They will be asked about your intellectual strengths, your personality, and what you do outside of class.

GUIDELINES FOR REC LETTERS •

Determine your possible needs for rec letters, and discuss your recommender ideas with Mrs. Gorman.

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Do not disregard the need for rec letters just because your initial college applications do not require or accept them. Students often find out in the spring that they need letters for their scholarships. So, do your research and be prepared for the possibility of needing rec letters.

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Ask one or two teachers to write a letter of recommendation for you. Give this teacher plenty of notice and make sure you have given him/her your stat sheet and/or resume no later than October 15. Additionally, check with your recommenders to ensure that they have received any necessary emails and information so they know how they are to submit their letter.

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Be sure your stat sheet and/or resume is completed accurately and thoroughly. The more personal information you give the teacher to work with, the better they are able to assist you.

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Ideally, the teacher you choose should be one you have had your junior and/or senior year. The teacher will write about their observations of and interactions with you in the classroom setting. Strong teacher recommendation letters also express their experience with you outside of the classroom, perhaps in a club, on a team, or with a project like NHD or science fair. Colleges are most interested in how you are doing recently, not what you were like as a freshman.

•

Remember, receiving an answer of “no” when you ask a teacher does not mean they do not like you as a person. It may simply mean the teacher is unable to write for you due to time constraints on her/his part. Do not wait until the last minute to request a letter. A last-minute request will most likely result in a last-minute letter, which is not the quality that recommenders prefer to submit. Quality, meaningful letters take time to write.

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Think through whom you wish to ask. Core teachers (English, math, social science, and science) are excellent choices. Some schools are specific in the type of teacher recommendation (i.e., a humanities and a STEM teacher).

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If you have a specific talent outside of academics – such as athletics or the arts – then you should consider your coach, director, or advisor writing a letter as a supplemental recommender (which is often allowed). A foreign language teacher is a valued recommender if you plan on pursuing a degree (major or minor) in that language.

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Keep in mind, teachers have a difficult time writing letters of recommendation for students who do not turn in assignments, who do not participate appropriately in class, or who complain about what is asked of them.

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You will not see your letters of recommendation. Per our school’s policy, teachers and counselors will only write recommendation letters if a student has waived his/her rights to seeing them. As a result, your teachers will always be the one submitting the letter, whether it be mailed, emailed, or submitted online. For more explanation about this, see the section on the next page entitled, “Waiving Your Rights to Read Your Letter.”

•

Choose teachers who know you and your strengths well. Do not choose a teacher just because you made an “A” in the class. Colleges do not expect perfection and instead love to see instances of grit. They are interested to see if you have “stretched” yourself and succeeded in a difficult course or have gone beyond what is expected in a class.

A LITTLE ETIQUETTE GOES A LONG WAY Just as you make every effort to maintain your own unique aura of grace and respect among your contacts at the colleges, you should also be aware of the effort your PA teachers and Mrs. Gorman make on your behalf, and treat them accordingly. Because we live and learn together in the close community of Pulaski Academy, it is sometimes easy to overlook how much your teachers are doing for you and numerous other students. Do not forget you are not the only responsibility of your recommender. Be thoughtful of other deadlines and responsibilities he or she faces daily, and act accordingly. This entire process takes time and energy. Please be sure to thank the people who assisted you.

WAIVING YOUR RIGHTS TO READ YOUR LETTER You will be happy to know you do indeed have certain rights as a part of this process. Whatever college application platform you use, you will have a FERPA section to complete and sign. FERPA stands for “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act,” and it is a federal law that protects the privacy of student records. When you turn 18 OR when you enter a postsecondary institution, it is your right to be able to access your records. The college admissions process requires you to determine whether or not you will waive your FERPA rights when it comes to your recommendation letters.

On Waiving Your Rights: Rights are something given to you; think twice before ever waiving any rights. By waiving your rights, you indicate that you (and, by extension, your parents) will not see the contents of your recommendation letters. This allows the institution to know that the letters were written freely, without the pressure of knowing that a parent or student would read them.

When you waive your rights, you are stating if you attend the institution you will not attempt to view the full contents of your college application – specifically, recommendations from teachers and your college advisor.

On NOT Waiving: When you do not waive your rights, you may – upon attending that institution – have access to the full contents of your college application, including recommendations. However, you do not have access to applications to colleges to which you are not attending. Be aware: some colleges will note a waiver or a non-waiver of right in the admissions process, and some have indicated they are more “careful” with applications submitted by non-waivers.

One consequence of not waiving is the message it may send to the person writing your recommendation. It may create a perception of mistrust on your part – a desire to check up on a recommender to make sure he or she said positive things about you. Some recommenders will not agree to write a letter of recommendation if you have not waived your rights.

Another impact of not waiving is the message it may send to the school to which you are applying. It may indicate that you are distrustful of what others may say about you in their letters. Additionally, it may cast doubt on your recommendations because the writers may have either held back in their true evaluation of you or have been overly positive in their letter because they knew the student would have access.

Ultimately, the decision to waive or not waive is up to you. You should know that Mrs. Gorman will help ensure that the letters submitted on your behalf are positive reflections of who you are as a student and individual. If you think a person would write you a less-than-complimentary letter, then do not ask them to be your recommender. The great thing about PA is that we have amazing students and teachers – both of whom strive for excellence in what they do.

You should feel confident that your rec letters will present you in the best way possible.

COLLEGE APPLICATION ESSAYS Many colleges require an essay as part of the application. This can be an intimidating task. Instead, try to view it as your chance to express yourself. Admission officers are not looking for a particular "correct answer" on the essay. They want to find out what you are like as an individual and how you share your voice and experiences through your writing.

The essay is the one part of the application which can set you apart from the other applicants.

Begin working on the college essay as early as possible. If you ever write an error-free essay, this needs to be it.

Grammatical and mechanical errors may ruin the entire application. Be sure to have your English teacher and Mrs. Gorman proof your final essay – do not let careless last-minute flaws keep you out of the college you want to attend.

(Remember, it is your responsibility to write your own essay. Your English teacher will give you help with ideas, organization, and sentence structure. They will not re-write your essay for you.)

TELL A STORY, AND TELL A STORY THAT ONLY YOU CAN TELL . . .

The essay you prepare may be the deciding factor in your admission since it presents you as a person rather than as a statistic. Consider the following statement from the Princeton University Admissions Office: “The essays make the facts in a folder come alive to us. We don’t know the applicants personally. We haven’t taught them, coached them, or counseled them. All we have is the image presented in the portfolio, and the essays do much to shape our impression.”

What makes a good impression? A good essay animates the candidate as a real person, conveys what you have accomplished, and fills in the gaps around the grades and test scores. Your essays present an honest insight into what is special about you. A sparkling essay requires time and effort, for you must capture the reader’s attention and, at the same time, must clearly express your ideas well. Do not forget that your essay is also a sample of your writing ability and should show your best possible effort.

2022-2023 COMMON APP ESSAY PROMPTS 1. Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story.

2. The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?

3. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?

4. Reflect on something that someone has done for you that has made you happy or thankful in a surprising way. How has this gratitude affected or motivated you?

5. Discuss an accomplishment, event, or realization that sparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding of yourself or others.

6. Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?

7. Share an essay on any topic of your choice. It can be one you've already written, one that responds to a different prompt, or one of your own design.

SAMPLE SCHOOL-SPECIFIC SUPPLEMENTAL ESSAY PROMPTS Some schools require short answers or essays in addition to the traditional Common App college essay. Below are a few examples to give you an indication of the many different angles that these supplemental essays can cover: • • • • • • •

Describe a personal interest.

Describe a person you admire.

Why do you want to attend this school?

What is a book you love?

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. (200-400 words) How did you discover your intellectual and academic interests, and how will you explore them at this institution? Please respond considering the specific undergraduate school you have selected. (300-450 words) At this school, learning and growth happen outside of the classroom, too. How will you explore the community at our university? Consider how this community will help shape your perspective and identity, and how your identity and perspective will help shape this community. (150-200 words/1,020 characters)

2022-2023 U OF A SCHOLARSHIP ESSAY PROMPTS To give you an idea of what you may be expected to write if applying for scholarships at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, take a look at the prompts below. These are this year’s prompts for the PA Class of 2023; they may indeed change for the upcoming year. Please note that applicants were to complete the Three Works prompt and choose one of the Essay prompts.

Three Works: Include three works (fiction, poetry, drama, history, science, engineering or other non-fiction) that you have read during the past year that you have most enjoyed. For each work, write 4-6 sentences that describe what you found about the work to be significant. At least one of the three selections should be a work that was not required for you to read for school. We also suggest that you try to use different genres of literary works, such as the ones listed above in parentheses. Please note with an asterisk which books were required class reading.

Essay: The essay prompts below are designed to allow you to tell us more about yourself. The application essay is an opportunity for you to move beyond test scores and grades and give us a glimpse into what matters most to you. As you write, avoid platitudes and checklists of accomplishments and activities. In fact, the more specific you can be about your personal experiences, the better.

Choose ONE of the following prompts and write a well-developed essay response (maximum length approximately 600 words).

•

Historians have often maintained that it is important to have a gap of 50 years between their own time period and their subject matter. Identify an invention or idea that was developed more than 50 years ago that still has a major effect on the way we live today. Why did you choose this particular invention or idea?

•

Identify an artist or innovator in the world today who inspires you. Tell us why.

•

How do you anticipate making a contribution to society with your future career? What made you interested in this pursuit?

You must cite sources if you use published or web-based information in your response.

IN-PERSON COLLEGE TOURS No publication, website, webinar, or virtual tour – no matter how thorough – can give you a complete picture of a college or university. A campus visit is the best way to see for yourself what a college is like.

Advance planning with the college's admission office is important to help you make the most of your visit. Most colleges encourage campus visits, and many publish special brochures to help you plan one.

Remember, all juniors and seniors are allowed three days each school year for college campus visits. Your parent/guardian should submit your absence on the Parent Portal, and when you return you should bring a note to the Upper School office from the institution’s admissions office for proof of visit.

SCHEDULING A VISIT •

• • • • • •

Go to the school’s admissions page and find information about their campus visit policy. Many institutions are requiring online registration, and their spots fill up quickly. If you cannot find an available time during your planned trip OR if the website does not have online visit registration, call or email the admissions office to get more information. Some schools are still not offering on-campus tours. If that is the case, reach out to Mrs. Gorman. She may be able to connect you with a PA alumni at that particular school who can give you an informal tour.

Let the college know what major(s) and special interests you would like to pursue. They can often set you up to visit with a professor or sit in on a class.

Determine whether you will be able to attend a tour, an info session, or both. Both are extremely helpful in their own way.

If you need financial assistance to pay for college, you will want to meet with someone in the financial aid office.

If this is an institution which requires interviews, you will want to arrange for this to happen as well.

Many colleges assist families with overnight arrangements. If you need assistance, please ask. Friday and Saturday nights are usually NOT an option.

Be sure to know exactly what time you need to be on campus, where you need to go when you arrive, and how to reach any destination you are unsure of finding. Many colleges will send you a confirmation email with a map and any pertinent instructions prior to your visit. Plan ahead – you do not want to be late or get lost on campus!

IMPORTANT REMINDERS • • • • •

Be prompt.

Dress appropriately.

Have your list of questions ready.

Be prepared to talk about yourself and what is attracting you to the college.

Pay attention on the visit. Imagine if you can actually see yourself fitting in the environment.

VISITING THE CAMPUS During your visit, try to meet with someone from the admission office and take a tour of the campus. Talk to students, have a meal in the cafeteria (many colleges will treat you), and pick up copies of the student newspaper and alumni magazine. Some colleges also can arrange for you to meet a professor who teaches a subject you enjoy, or a coach of a sport you play.

People's views about a college or university can vary widely, so try to talk to as many people as possible. Whether your visit lasts an hour or a day, you should get all your questions answered. You already may have thought of a lot of questions. Here are some you might want to add to your list.

When you talk to students, ask. . .

• • • • • • • • • •

How many hours a week do you study? Is that typical of students here?

Are campus jobs readily available?

Are faculty members interested in students and accessible outside of class?

Do many students go home on weekends?

Is the food good?

Is it possible to study in your dorm room?

What's the library like as a place to study? ...to do research?

What do you like most about this college? ...least?

How easy is it to get the classes you want at registration?

If you had it to do again, would you still choose this college?

If you attend a class, ask yourself . . .

• • • • • • • •

Are students interested in the material?

Is there time for questions and discussion?

Are students prepared for the class?

Am I intellectually challenged by what is taking place in the class?

Do I feel that the students are learning -- either new facts or new ways of thinking about a subject?

Is there good rapport between professors and students?

Are the classes too big? Too small?

Would I feel comfortable as a student in this setting?

As you tour the campus, ask yourself . . .

• • • • • • • • •

Are the older buildings in good repair?

Are there new buildings as well as older ones?

Is lab equipment up-to-date and plentiful?

Are rooms in residence halls pleasant? ...quiet enough to study in?

Are common areas in the residence halls attractive? Are there laundry and kitchen facilities?

What's the cafeteria like?

Are the grounds well-kept?

Is the setting and architecture appealing?

What's the surrounding town or city like? Would I feel comfortable here?

When your visit is over . . .

Write down your impressions while they are still fresh in your mind. It is easy to have schools run together if you visit more than one at a time.

• • • • • • • •

Were the people friendly and did they answer your questions fully?

Were the students the kind of people you would like to get to know?

Did you like the social atmosphere?

Did you sense they were interested in having you as a student?

Did the campus impress you in any way?

What about the quality of teaching?

What did you feel about the academic demands?

Would you like to spend more time there?

If you cannot visit . . .

Sometimes it is impossible for you to visit a campus. You can still get the feel of a college by talking to recent graduates or current students who are from your area. The college's admission office can give you the names of these people.

• • •

Meet with the college representatives when he/she visits the Little Rock area Visit the college website.

Take a virtual tour online of the campus.

INTERVIEWS Some colleges require an interview, though many do not. If the college requires or recommends one, see if you can schedule it during your campus visit.

As with any interview, try to be on time. If you know you will be delayed, call ahead. Since alumni often conduct local interviews and do not have access to your admissions file, take a copy of your resume. Also, review the information and notes you have on the college and prepare a list of questions ahead of time. Take the list along, so you are sure to cover everything you wanted to find out.

In your interview, you will probably be asked about your background, interests, hobbies, goals, and why you are applying to the college. It is natural to be a little nervous. Try to see it as a conversation in which you ask questions, too. If you do that, you will be more likely to relax and enjoy the experience.

In your interview, you could ask . . .

•

What is distinctive about the college?

•

Does your college have academic programs that fit my interests?

•

Will I have access to special equipment (such as an electron microscope) as a freshman?

•

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the college's advising system?

•

What extracurricular activities are there on campus? What are the facilities like?

•

What kinds of campus jobs can I get if I qualify for work-study?

•

Are there new programs or facilities that will be available in the next couple of years?

•

What are the college's recent graduates doing now?

•

Is it likely I'll be admitted?

•

Is the college "need-blind" in its admission policies?

Questions you may be asked . . .

•

Tell me a little bit about yourself.

•

How did you become interested in our college?

•

What do you plan to study at our college?

•

Tell me about some of your extracurricular activities.

•

What did you like/dislike most in high school?

•

What strengths do you feel you have that will help you in college?

•

How do you picture yourself ten years from now?

•

What extracurricular activities are you interested in pursuing?

Good questions to ask a college rep . . .

•

How many students attend your college?

•

How many students are from out of state?

•

What is an average student like? (test scores, GPA, etc.)

•

What are your average ACT and SAT scores?

•

Tell me about weekends on your campus.

•

Ask about any majors you are interested in.

•

Ask about any clubs/organizations you wish to belong to.

•

What do I need to earn on the AP test to get credit?

•

Ask if they wish to see your art portfolio when you apply.

•

What is the athletics program like at your school?

•

Ask about the residence halls/meal plans.

•

Ask about study abroad programs (locations, when it occurs, if you can still graduate in four years, etc.).

•

What careers do your graduates enter?

•

What percentage of your graduates is accepted into graduate programs (law, medicine, physical therapy, etc.).

•

What scholarships are available to me?

•

Can I be in vocal groups/theatre productions and not be a music or theatre major?

•

How accessible is your school to get to from Little Rock?

•

What honors programs exist at your college?

•

What is available for me if I need help with my classes? What help is available if I have a learning difference?

•

Tell me about some big-name speakers, academics, or artists who have been to your campus.

•

What are the opportunities for internships? Can freshmen be placed in internships or research opportunities?

MONEY QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK BEFORE APPLYING Total Expenses? What are the total estimated costs at each school? Be sure to ask about costs not only for tuition, fees, room, and board, but also about estimated costs for books, supplies, travel, and personal expenses.

Tuition Increases? How much are total costs likely to increase each year? How much have tuition, fees, room, and board increased, on average, for the last three to five years?

Need Blind? Is the school need-blind (your ability to pay for college has no bearing on whether you are admitted or not) or need-sensitive (your financial circumstances may affect the admission decision)? A need-sensitive admission policy isn’t ethically wrong, but you may want to know the school’s policy.

Meets Need? Does the school meet 100% of demonstrated financial need? If so, do they meet 100% of need all four years, or just for the first year?

Degree Completion? Can you complete your undergraduate degree in four years if that is your goal? A fifth year of undergraduate education (unless you want to attend a fifth year) can be expensive. Not only do you have to pay tuition and the other costs of attending college, but you also are foregoing income you could have earned if you were working full-time.

Merit-Based Aid? Does the school offer merit-based scholarships? If so, how many students receive such awards each year?

Deadlines? What are the deadlines for admission, financial aid applications, and scholarship applications? What forms are required for each of these processes? It is very important to observe deadlines. Missing deadlines can cause you to miss opportunities for admission, financial aid, and/or merit-based scholarships.

Required Forms? Does the school require the FAFSA and/or the CSS Profile in order to apply for need-based financial aid?

Additional Aid? If you receive a need-based financial aid package and receive an outside scholarship (a scholarship you may use at any institution) how does the school treat the outside scholarship? Will they replace self-help (loan and/or job) in the aid package, or will they reduce grant funds that they have offered?

Early Decision? For students considering binding Early Decision, the following questions are very important: • How is financial aid affected if you apply under the Early Decision admission plan?

• Before you commit to Early Decision, will the school provide an estimate of how much financial aid you might be eligible to receive?

• What about merit-based scholarships?

• Are Early Decision candidates given equal consideration for merit-based awards (if the school offers meritbased funds)?

HELPFUL HINTS AND PRACTICAL IDEAS Admission and financial aid professionals are good resources.

The process of applying for admission, scholarships, need-based financial aid, loans, etc. can be complex and confusing. Take advantage of the admission and financial aid staff at the colleges you are considering. They can help you through the complex web of forms, policies, and procedures.

When in doubt, apply for financial aid.

Don’t assume because your neighbors or best friends didn’t qualify for need-based aid, you won’t either. If your income is above a certain arbitrary level, don’t assume you won’t be eligible. Factors other than income are important in need analysis. Each family’s situation is unique and will be considered individually. Remember the information you submit is treated confidentially.

Deadlines are important!

Policies, deadlines, and requirements for admission, scholarships, and financial aid vary from school to school.

Be sure to observe them. In particular, be sure to comply with deadlines for admission applications, financial aid applications, and scholarship applications. Schools with limited resources may not be able to meet the financial needs of students who apply late.

Follow instructions!

Carefully follow instructions for all admission, financial aid, and scholarship forms.

Use good data on financial aid forms to avoid time-consuming delays.

Use accurate information when you complete applications for need-based financial aid. The more accurate the information, the less likely it is you will be required to submit correction documents late. The correction process is time-consuming and can cause delays in consideration of your aid application.

Keep copies!

Keep a digital or physical copy of everything you submit to any school or agency. This includes applications for admission, scholarships, need-based financial aid, loans, etc.

Consider all costs, and compare the types of aid, not just the total amount.

Remember financial need varies with college costs, and financial aid packages will vary from college to college too. When you compare need-based aid packages, be sure you are considering all costs to attend a particular institution and are comparing the types of aid offered in the aid package, not just the total amount of financial aid or scholarships offered. (Compare apples with apples, not apples and oranges!)

Are loans appropriate?

Borrowing money, in moderation, is a viable means of financing a college education. It is economically justified to borrow for investment expenditures (e.g., a house). A college education also is an investment – its benefits are enjoyed long after the consumption of the formal education ends. Just as you would spread out the costs of a house or car over a number of years, it is reasonable to spread out the payment of education costs over a number of years.

Examine your current financial choices.

Examine personal resources and expenses. There may be relatively painless ways to cut expenses and free up more money for college costs.

When must I notify colleges?

If a college subscribes to the National Candidate Reply Date of May 1, you have until May 1 of your senior year to notify the college of your intent to accept or decline its offer of admission, scholarships, and/or financial aid.

What if my family’s financial circumstances change?

If family circumstances change (e.g., a parent loses a job or becomes seriously ill), help may be available. If this occurs during your senior year in high school, contact the colleges to which you are applying to let them know of your changed situation. If this occurs after you enroll in a particular college, contact the financial aid office to see if help is available.

You must reapply each year for need-based aid.

If you receive need-based financial aid, you will have to reapply for assistance each year. Certain scholarship programs also may require you to reapply annually. Also, note at most schools the self-help portion of your need-based aid package (job and loan) will increase from one year to the next.

CHOOSING A COLLEGE AND PAYING FOR IT MYTHS AND FACTS

MYTH 1: Admission to [insert college name ] is too selective. I’ll probably be rejected, so I won’t even apply.

FACT: If a college seems to meet your educational and personal needs and objectives and you think you may qualify for admission, you should apply. Depending on the number of applicants and their qualifications, you may not be accepted, but you’ll never know if you don’t apply.

MYTH 2: [insert college name ] costs more than my family and I can afford, so I won’t apply for admission.

FACT: Need-based financial aid, merit-based assistance, and creative financing options can make a college education affordable. Don’t rule out any college because of its cost until you find out what financial options are available.

MYTH 3: Cost is a good yardstick for comparing colleges.

FACT: Cost is not the best way to compare one college with another. Assess the capacity of a particular college to meet your educational goals and personal needs. Consider the opportunities offered for intellectual development and personal growth in light of your own aspirations and requirements.

MYTH 4: Financial assistance is available only for the best and brightest students.

FACT: Eligibility for need-based aid is determined by demonstrated financial need, not academic ability.

(However, some non-need-based, or merit, scholarships are awarded based on a student’s academic potential, personal characteristics, and/or special talents.)

MYTH 5: Most families don’t qualify for need-based financial aid.

FACT: Many families qualify for need-based aid. The only sure way to know if you qualify is to apply. Fill out the necessary forms and let the financial aid folks decide.

MYTH 6: Our family income is over $100,000, so I know we won’t qualify for financial aid.

FACT: There is no specific income ceiling for aid eligibility. Other factors are also important in need analysis, including assets, family size, and number in college. Again, the only sure way to find out your eligibility is to apply.

MYTH 7: But our neighbors’ child started college last year. They applied for financial aid and didn’t qualify.

FACT: Each family has its own unique financial picture and personal circumstances. Each college is different in its costs, its policies, and its capacity to meet the financial needs of its students. Failure to apply for aid and other programs can cause you to miss out on programs for which you might be eligible.

MYTH 8: The financial aid forms and application process are too difficult to understand. Applying for aid is more trouble than it’s worth.

FACT: It is true the forms are detailed, but that’s because the information is important. Only when a financial aid officer has detailed information about your individual financial and personal situation can he or she make an equitable judgment about your eligibility for need-based aid.

MYTH 9: We’ve calculated a preliminary estimate of our expected family contribution. The expectation we can afford to pay that amount out of our current income is completely unrealistic.

FACT: Most families can’t pay the expected family contribution out of current income alone. The formulae assume families will choose to use a combination of savings, borrowing, and current income in order to fund their contribution.

MYTH 10: The forms and the whole financial aid system seem cold and impersonal. The information is submitted to some central processor and run through a computer; there doesn’t seem to be any human element in the process.

FACT: There are many people who are involved in the financial aid process – and who are available, and eager, to answer your questions. In particular, your college counselor and the admission and financial aid professionals at the schools to which you apply are excellent resources for help and information.

MYTH 11: My final choice of a college should be based solely on money. I’ll attend the college that offers me the most financial aid and/or merit scholarships.

FACT: College choice should be based on other factors such as the quality of the educational opportunities and community life, the caliber of the faculty, and physical facilities. Remember a college education is not just an expense, it is a lifetime investment. The lessons learned – both in and out of the classroom – will inform and enrich your life beyond the four years you spend on campus.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE For many families, a key piece of the college admissions process may center on financial assistance. Financial aid policies will vary from school to school so read the materials provided by each college and contact their offices if you have questions. In fact, college financial aid offices are an invaluable resource. Feel free not only to call them with questions, but also to make appointments to speak with them in person.

All colleges and universities expect you and your parents/guardians to contribute as much as you can to the cost of your education. But they realize college costs may strain your family's budget. They will do their best to bridge the gap between what you can afford and what the college costs.

Colleges determine what you can afford on the basis of information you and your family provide on confidential forms. These forms, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), are used throughout the nation.

If you and your family will not be able to support the full cost of your education, you should apply for assistance. At many very expensive colleges and universities, one-half to three-fourths of the students receive financial assistance.

Read each college's website carefully to find out which form(s) to submit and when to apply for assistance. Make sure you don't miss important deadlines. Also, keep a copy of every financial aid form you send out.

Although it is increasingly difficult to do so, many institutions are still committed to "need-blind" admission. This means the admission decision is made separately from the assessment of your financial aid application. In "need-blind" admission, the amount of financial aid you need will have no effect on whether or not you will be admitted.

Funding for financial aid comes from the federal government, state government, private sources and the colleges and universities themselves. Financial assistance comes in several types: grants and scholarships, loans, and work-study.

Grants and scholarships are outright gifts of money. Most of the time, they are based upon need. Sometimes, though, they are awarded for academic excellence and promise, or for special achievements or abilities.

Loans are a significant part of most aid packages. They must be repaid, but most often not until after you graduate. Interest rates are competitive with other types of loans. The payback period on college loans varies from two or three years up to 20 years.

Work-study is a part-time job on campus. For instance, you might work in the library, or as a resident advisor, lifeguard, or food-service worker. The job is arranged through the financial aid office.

APPLYING FOR FINANCIAL AID Each school will have specific requirements for financial aid, so it is vital you read the literature of each application. In most cases, this may include a form as part of the application process, or a request to fill out one of several forms: FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) All students applying for any federal financial aid must file the FAFSA as soon as possible after it opens on October 1. Analysis of the data on this form will determine eligibility for Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOG), Stafford Loans (subsidized and non-subsidized), Perkins Loans, Work Study and other federal and, in some, cases, state programs (like the Arkansas Academic Challenge Scholarship). Many states, while often requiring their own forms, will also require the FAFSA to award state grants to students. Since federal aid is a key component of most awards, it is critical that this filed in a timely manner. FAFSA forms are available at www.fafsa.ed.gov. There is no cost to process the FAFSA.

CSS Profile Separate from the FAFSA, each college may have its own financial aid form which is used to help their financial aid offices determine a student’s eligibility for the institution’s own funds. The College Scholarship Service (CSS), a branch of College Board, developed the CSS Profile to help streamline the financial aid application process. The CSS Profile, which may be used by some schools in addition to the FAFSA, does the work of gathering financial information requested from various colleges and universities and then sends the customized application directly to you. You complete the Profile application at https://cssprofile.collegeboard.org/ with your parents/guardians and submit it at least one week before the earliest priority filing deadline specified by your schools. If you are required to complete any supplemental forms, you must send them directly to the schools and programs.

SHOULD I APPLY FOR FINANCIAL AID? If you and your family cannot afford to pay for four years of college without assistance from outside resources, then by all means you should apply for financial aid. There is a debate in many circles as to where college admissions is heading in an effort to assist students in their ability to afford college, however. Stories have appeared in the media that accuse colleges of playing games with aid, often raising the question of how much applying for aid will affect a student’s chances for admission. In order to be clear about a school’s policies, which will, in turn, help you make intelligent decisions about where to apply, ask any or all of the following questions about these issues when visiting schools: •

Does the college practice a need-blind admission policy?

•

What percentage of the students are on financial aid? What percentage of students had their full need met?

•

What is the typical financial aid package?

•

What percentage of the funds (if any) were merit-based? What percentage of the funds were need-based?

•

Do the same financial aid procedures and policies apply for the entire four years?

•

How much indebtedness can I expect after four years?

•

If my family has more than one student in college, will that be taken into consideration when calculating my family contribution? What about another student in private school?

•

If the cost of college goes up, will my aid go up accordingly?

•

Can the school’s financial aid be used to cover the costs of study abroad programs?

•

How are outside scholarships handled? Are they credited against the loan component of my aid, the grant component, or the family contribution?

•

Do I need a certain grade-point average to keep my institutional grant?

•

Are there any tuition payment plans that will allow me to spread out my payments over a period of months?

•

What is the policy with non-custodial parents/step-parents? Are they expected to contribute if financially able?

•

How many hours a week will I have to work to fulfill the work-study portion of my aid package?

APPLYING FOR SCHOLARSHIPS You have probably heard “millions of scholarship dollars go unclaimed each year.” You have probably also heard stories about outstanding students who cannot get scholarships. The fact is there are thousands of scholarships.

Most of these scholarships, however, have very specific eligibility criteria (e.g., a student must go to a certain college, have an ACT score of 28+, and be in the top 5% of his/her class; or a student must belong to a particular ethnic group, race, or religion, or have leadership ability, or want a specific major, or have overcome a great obstacle).

When it comes to academic scholarships, students generally must have an outstanding GPA, high ACT/SAT scores, and excellent recommendations. Scholarship applicants are usually expected to also be involved in extracurricular and/or community activities. To receive an athletic or talent scholarship, a student must truly be outstanding.

Even though it is not easy to obtain an academic or talent scholarship, students and parents/guardians who are willing to invest the time and energy may find their efforts pay off handsomely. When looking for scholarships, keep the following in mind: 1. Start early. Make a plan to locate and complete applications early in your senior year.

2. Remember that finding and applying for scholarships takes time and energy.

3. While groups and organizations offer numerous scholarships, most of the large scholarships are offered by the individual colleges. Contact the financial aid office of the college(s) you are considering and ask them for information on the scholarships they offer.

4. Private colleges are often more generous when awarding scholarships, thus making them competitive in price with public colleges. Do not rule out a private college until you have seen their aid package.

5. Apply for local scholarships (Rotary, AAA, etc.). These are generally for smaller amounts ($100-$1000); however, since the competition is not as great, these scholarships are usually easier to get.

6. Be aware of deadlines. Scholarship applications become available throughout a student’s senior year, and sometimes are due only weeks after being publicized.

7. Network. Tell everyone you are looking for scholarships. Check for scholarship opportunities with your place of employment, your church, businesses that you are a member of (banks, insurance companies, etc.), and organizations to which you belong. Also, look for scholarship opportunities in the local newspaper.

8. The internet can provide students and parents/guardians with a great deal of information on a wide variety of scholarships.

9. Be organized. Make sure teachers and Mrs. Gorman are given plenty of time to write recommendations and to prepare transcripts. Be aware of deadlines.

10. Remember most financial aid is not awarded in the form of scholarships. Pursue all financial aid opportunities.

11. You will have a better chance of getting a scholarship at a college where he/she is in the top 25% of the applicants.

12. Always check to see if financial aid and scholarship awards are renewable.

13. Scholarship searches which charge a fee are seldom worth the money, and many are scams.

SCHOLARSHIP SCAMS The Federal Trade Commission cautions students to look for tell-tale lines: “The scholarship is guaranteed or your money back.”

“You can’t get this information anywhere else.”

“I just need your credit card or bank account number to hold this scholarship.”

“We’ll do all the work.”

“The scholarship will cost some money.”

“You’ve been selected by a ‘national foundation’ to receive a scholarship” or “you’re a finalist” in a contest you never entered.

SUGGESTIONS TO HELP AVOID SCHOLARSHIP SCAMS: Scholarship scams operate by imitating legitimate foundations, scholarship sponsors, lenders and scholarship search services. They may even have official sounding names. It is important to remember one cardinal rule: If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

You should be suspicious of an organization if they do any of the following: • request payment of a fee to apply for scholarships.

• request an advance fee upon application for low-interest educational loans.

• insist on your checking account number. If given this number, they could drain your account.

• pressure you to act fast. “This offer will expire . . .”

• guarantee scholarship winnings or search results.

• have loose eligibility requirements.

• use a mail drop for a return address.

• do not include a telephone number for inquires.

Be cautious and remember that a 1-800-number and official looking stationary are not signs of legitimacy.

Before you send money to an organization, it would be a good idea to do the following: • • • •

contact your college financial aid administrator check with the Better Business Bureau, the State Attorney General’s Office, the State Bureau of Consumer Protection, and the State Chamber of Commerce both you state and the state where the organization is located. call the National Fraud Information Center at 1-800-876-7060 call the Post Office Inspector’s mail fraud hot line at 1-800-654-8896

Take advantage of free sources of scholarship information and search services which are available through your public library, the financial aid offices at many schools, and the PA Counseling website. Mrs. Gorman will share with you a number of scholarship opportunities throughout the school year, so be sure to check your PA email consistently. There are many free scholarship searches offered on the internet; however, some may be funded by selling the names and addresses of the applicants. Be sure to read the fine print and any disclaimers.

ARKANSAS LOTTERY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM This is an overview and does not constitute complete information regarding eligibility requirements. For complete information on programs, visit the website at https://sams.adhe.edu/.

ARKANSAS GOVERNOR’S DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARSHIP The Governor’s Distinguished Scholarship is the most academically-rigorous scholarship program offered for those graduating seniors remaining in-state for their undergraduate degree.

Scholarship Application Deadline: March 1 Requirements: Minimum 32 ACT composite/superscore and a 3.5 GPA to apply. Those named National Merit Finalists or National Achievement Scholars may qualify without meeting the GPA requirement but must still meet the ACT/SAT requirement. Applicants must complete the FAFSA, and high schools will submit the students’ transcripts.

Award Amount: $10,000 per year for four years

ARKANSAS ACADEMIC CHALLENGE SCHOLARSHIP The Academic Challenge Scholarship is an accessible and equitable scholarship program offered for those graduating seniors remaining in-state for their undergraduate degree.

Scholarship Application Deadline: July 1 Requirements: Minimum 19 ACT composite/superscore and an Arkansas resident for the last full year.

Applicants must complete the FAFSA, and high schools will submit the students’ transcripts.

Award Amount: $1,000 first year; $4,000 each second and third years, $5,000 fourth year

THINGS TO CONSIDER AFTER YOU ARE ADMITTED Compare financial aid packages from the colleges you are considering.

The College Board’s Web site has an excellent calculator that helps you to appropriately compare need-based financial aid packages from different schools.

Compare the types of financial aid.

What types of aid are in each package? What is the proportion of grants, loans, and campus employment funds?

Compare living costs.

Does the college guarantee to provide housing for all four years? Living off-campus can be expensive.

Compare policies concerning financial aid for future years.

Does the college guarantee to meet your financial need for all four years? Or just one? Or not at all?

Compare the bottom line.

How does the total aid package compare with the total cost of attending the institution? Look at the total budget and then analyze the aid you are actually awarded. Be aware that some schools only consider your need in light of direct cost, i.e., tuition, fees, room, and board, not TOTAL costs, including books, transportation, and personal expenses.

Remember – your key question is NOT how much grant money you receive. Rather, it is how much your family has to pay and/or borrow to afford the college.

GLOSSARY OF COLLEGE ENTRANCE TERMS ADVANCED PLACEMENT: A program usually involving college freshman-level classes taught at the secondary level and involving tests given by the College Board. The colleges may give credit for work done before entrance.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT TESTS: National examinations given in May to high school students who complete AP courses. These tests are rated from 1 to 5 (superior) and sent to the college of the student’s choice, the college itself deciding whether it will grant credit for work done in high school.

ACT (AMERICAN COLLEGE TEST): Separate scores are given in English, math, reading, and science reasoning with a composite score. The scores range from 1 to 36 on each subtest as well as the composite score. The national average composite score in recent years has been about 20.6.

BASIS FOR SELECTION: Essentially, every college is looking for evidence of the individual’s promise as a student and as a person. Rank in class, total school record, SAT or ACT scores, grade point average, counselor’s recommendation, and the student essay, are among the usually criteria; but no two colleges weigh them alike, and the emphasis will vary from time to time.

CLEP (COLLEGE LEVEL EXAMINATION PROGRAM): A test program sponsored by the College Board that allows students entering college to obtain credit for knowledge learned in a non-college situation.

CEEB (COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BOARD): A group of colleges, secondary schools, and educational bodies whose function it is to supervise the SAT’s, the SAT II’s, the AP Exams, and other projects.

CSS PROFILE: A form processed by an agency of the CEEB on which a family reports its income and resources, when seeking financial aid for a college-bound student.

EARLY ACTION: A student may apply to a college by November 1 and be notified of admission by December 15.

The decision is not binding on the part of the student.

EARLY ADMISSIONS: Acceptance for enrollment at a college of a student who has not completed the normal four-year high school course.

EARLY DECISION: A student may apply to a college by November 1 and be notified of admission by December 15. The decision is binding on the part of the student.

ETS (EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE): The test-writing-and-administering organization in Princeton, NJ, which the College Board directs to write and administer its tests.

FAFSA (FREE APPLICATION FOR FEDERAL STUDENT AID): A free form by which students may apply for financial aid in college. Some colleges may also require the CSS Profile.

FINANCIAL AID: Money to help pay college costs.

SCHOLARSHIP – cash grant for academic promise GRANT – cash given for need rather than for record LOAN – cash which has to be repaid after graduation WORK STUDY – provided by the college to help earn part of expenses GRADUATE SCHOOL: Usually part of a university for those students who have already earned the bachelor’s degree and wish further education.

HEAVENLY SEVEN OR SEVEN SISTERS: The female equivalent of the Ivy League. Specifically, seven old, well-endowed, well-established, privately controlled, prestigious colleges, difficult to get into -- Smith, Mt. Holyoke, Wellesley, Radcliffe, Barnard, Vassar, and Bryn Mawr.

IVY LEAGUE: Strictly speaking, an athletic conference -- Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Dartmouth, Brown, Cornell, Columbia, and University of Pennsylvania. Institutions which are old, wealthy, well-established, and most difficult to get in.

JUNIOR COLLEGE (COMMUNITY COLLEGE): An institution of higher education extending two years beyond high school.

LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE: An institution of higher education whose course of study is essentially four years long and leads to the BA or BS degree. Such a course of study does not prepare for a specific occupation, though it is often a prerequisite for postgraduate study—as in law, medicine, and theology.

MAJOR: Properly, the field of specialization of a college undergraduate. The student normally does from one quarter to one third of his total undergraduate work in his major field.

MERIT SCHOLARSHIP FINALIST: A high school senior who has successfully survived the first two rounds of the national Merit Qualifying Test (PSAT/MNSQT) in his junior year and the SAT later.

PSAT/NMSQT (PRELIMINARY SCHOLASTIC ASSESSMENT TEST/NATIONAL MERIT SCHOLARSHIP QUALIFYING TEST): A test administered to high school juniors in October. The test is in three parts—verbal, writing, and math. The scores range from 20 to 80 on each part. National Merit Semi-Finalists are determined by the Selection Index, which is the Verbal Score, the Writing Scores, and the Math Score. Normally onehalf of one percent of the juniors in the state obtain this status.

SAT I (SCHOLASTIC ASSESSMENT TEST): A three-hour assessment test yielding scores for verbal and mathematical ability. The scores range from 200 to 800 on each part.

SAT II: Formerly called the SAT Achievement Test, subject-matter tests of the College Board which attempt to measure what a student has already learned in the subject tested, such as English, math, chemistry.

SELECTIVE COLLEGE: A selective institution will set stiff requirements—in terms of promise and demonstrated academic ability, rather than in terms of specific courses taken. The degree of selectivity may vary from the college which takes three-fourths of its applicants to one which perhaps accepts only one out of eight.

UNDERGRADUATE: (a) A college student who has not yet earned a bachelor’s degree and who is a candidate for one. (b) Programs of study, or schools, designed to take care of the needs of undergraduates.

UNIVERSITY: Literally, a place of universal knowledge, or at least the search for it. A degree-granting institution, public or private, which not only grants the bachelor’s degree but also has one or more graduate programs as well.

SAMPLE EMAILS TO COLLEGES REQUEST FOR INFORMATION Dear Mr./Ms. [Admissions Rep Last Name], I am preparing for my senior year at Pulaski Academy in Little Rock, Arkansas, and am interested in applying for admission to [College Name]. I had a few questions and would like more information regarding [insert topics]. Is there a good time for me to give you a call or perhaps schedule a virtual meeting? I am also hopeful that you will be visiting our campus this school year for an in-person or virtual visit.

Thank you very much for your time. I look forward to hearing from you and connecting soon.

Sincerely, First and Last Name Your Street Address City, State and Zip Code Cell Phone Number (optional)

COLLEGE VISIT FOLLOW-UP Dear Mr./Ms. [Admissions Rep Last Name], Thank you for spending time with me when I visited the [School Name] campus. I especially appreciated your arranging time for me to see [name of activity or interest].

The visit increased my interest in [School Name]. I am excited about the opportunity to attend [School Name] and look forward to [submitting my application / receiving my decision announcement / receiving my financial aid packet / etc.].

Once again, thank you.

Sincerely, First and Last Name Your Street Address City, State and Zip Code Cell Phone Number (optional)

ALUMNI INTERVIEW THANK YOU Dear Mr./Ms. [Interviewer Last Name], Thank you for taking time from your busy schedule to give me the opportunity to discuss [School Name] and my qualifications for admission. You were most helpful, and I truly enjoyed our conversation. Your personal experience has given me a better understanding of why I would like to attend [School Name].

Sincerely, First and Last Name Your Street Address City, State and Zip Code Cell Phone Number (optional)

COLLEGE ACCEPTANCE (if no acceptance method is available on the school’s website/portal) Dear Mr./Ms. [Admissions Director Last Name], I am a senior at Pulaski Academy in Little Rock, Arkansas, and was pleased to be informed by your office that I have been accepted for admission in the fall term.

I look forward to attending [School Name] as a member of the incoming Class of 2026. Thank you for the favorable decision.

Sincerely, First and Last Name Your Street Address City, State and Zip Code Cell Phone Number (optional)

APPLICATION WITHDRAWAL (if no withdrawal method is available on the school’s website/portal) Dear Mr./Ms. [Admissions Director Last Name],

I was pleased to be accepted as a student at [School Name]. However, after much consideration, I have decided to attend another school. Please know that this decision was very difficult, as I am very proud to have been accepted to [School Name].

Please withdraw my application, and accept my thanks for your help and consideration.

Sincerely, First and Last Name Your Street Address City, State and Zip Code Cell Phone Number (optional)