Structure for writing an effective clinical review articles - Pubrica

OCT 31, 2019 Research paper

STRUCTURE FOR WRITING AN EFFECTIVE CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLES

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CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE Clinicians need clinical review articles that have well-organized structure for easy reading and understanding.

Traditional clinical review articles, also known as updates, discuss a topic broadly and selectively review the medical literature.

3 4

It helps clinicians to apply it practically on patients and for further research.

5

1 2

Clinic review articles include evidence from available studies on the specific clinical problem.

An excellent structured clinical research article will resolve controversy generated by studies that contradict one another.

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•NEED FOR CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE structure For clinicians to upgrade their knowledge, they rely only on peer-reviewed medical journals. But most studies at best only provide preliminary evidence due to

i ii iii iv v

Limited scope.

Poor design.

Inefficient execution.

Inadequate sample size to have significant clinical benefits or detection of adverse effects.

Play of chances.

Clinicians reading these studies, have to integrate and compare it with existing evidence to conclude, whether the clinical policy had to be changed on the accumulated evidence.

In the case of original studies, only a portion of the clinical problem is addressed.

Hence, most clinicians take a short cut to read the clinical reviews done by others.

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DRAWBACK OF IMPROPER STRUCTURING OF CLINICAL REVIEW ARTICLE • Clinical review if not structured properly, will not do justice to the original evidence.

• Clinician will end up with false conclusions which will finally be borne by the patients.

EXAMPLE In research by Mulrow conducted on 50 published reviews, only one adhered to the specific methods of identifying, selecting, and validating included information.

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Table: Clinical Review Structure For Various Articles S.No.

1)

2)

3)

ARTICLE TYPE

Full length Articles.

Short communication

Case Reports

DESCRIPTION

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

Original research and/or clinical studies. Please note, as described in the instructions for authors, papers with only present data specific to a particular geographical area or country which are not novel or surprising from a worldwide perspective, are unlikely to be published.

-Background -objectives -study design -Results -Conclusions

Original research and/or clinical studies that do not require a full paper, but are completed studies, may be submitted as Short Communications. These papers may detail a smaller number of observations or may include a smaller number of patients. They may also add a small amount of new information but which is still considered important.

-Background -Objectives -Study design -Results -Conclusions

Short articles of a clinical nature which illuminate an underlying principle of a disease state, its diagnosis, or its therapy.

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

250

250

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

-Background -objectives -study design -Results -Discussion (Acknowledgement) COI -Background -objectives -study design -Results -Discussion (Acknowledgement) COI

1250

-Why this case is important.

-Case description.

-Other similar and contrasting cases in the literature.

-Discussion and references.

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2500

1500

Contd..

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S.No.

4)

ARTICLE TYPE

My Favourite Assay

DESCRIPTION

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

This offers an opportunity for researchers to present an assay that they have developed and that they feel would be useful for others.

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

-Reasons for developing the assay.

-Methods used in designing the assay.

500

•-Protocol •-Validation data

5)

6)

7)

Letters to the Editor

Comments on previously published articles or any other items of interest to clinical virologists.

Guidelines and clinical algorithms

Documents that have been locally or internationally approved and contain general principles that may benefit others in their clinical practice or in writing their own algorithms or guidelines.

Commentaries and points of view

Please contact one of the Editors -in -Chief to check on the suitability of your topic.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

No limited

-

-

750

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500

Contd..

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S.No.

ARTICLE TYPE

8)

Review articles

9)

Meeting reports, News & Announcements: - Meeting reports

10)

VIROQAS

DESCRIPTION

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

Reviews should give a succinct overview of a particular topic. Please contact one of the Editors in-Chief to check on the suitability of your topic.

Unstructured abstract

Summary of a relevant symposium, workshop, etc.

-

This should be a clinical case that presents a diagnostic dilemma that will impart an important learning point.

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

250

-

-

ABSTRACT WORD COUNT

ABSTRACT STRUCTURE

-

3000

1500

-

- Part I: Case presentation.

Questions for readers at end (bold).

- Part II: Evidencebased opinion. Each subsection starts with question from Part I Page break between Part I and II.

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1250

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NOTeS The word count in the Article structure excludes the Abstract, References, Acknowledgement and figure captions.

01 The word count should be indicated at the foot of the title page.

02 03

Keywords (3-6) should be provided at the foot of the abstract.

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STRUCTURING OF CLINICAL REVIEW ARTicle • PRISMA or Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses has issued a statement listing 27 item checklists to make the writing of clinic review feasible.

• Though IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusions) structure is the basis of many reviews, there could be variations in guidelines as per the nature of research.

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ELEMENTS OF A REVIEW ARTICLE Publication Support | Research Services | Physician Writing | Editing & Peer-Reviewing | Scientific Communication Solution

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TITLE PAGE

Length: 8 -12 words Tense: Present tense: General validity and demonstrates.

Paste tense: Unestablished results.

Citations: None

TITLE PAGE

Note: The title must be short.

The title should have all the critical elements of the subject matter (or informative).

List of authors: Declare intellectual ownership of the work, provide contact information: Author name &affiliations – Order of authors: The first author has done most of the research.

– Second and in between authors would have contributed one way or another.

– The last author coordinated the project.

E.g.

Challenges in Diagnosing Subclinical Pancreatic Disease.

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ABSTRACT Length: 200 – 500 words.

1 2 Tense Present tense.

Objectives, Conclusion.

Past tense.

Materials and Methods, results.

3 Citation No citations.

Elements: Descriptive Abstract for narrative reviews.

Note: Should include acronyms and abbreviations only if they are used more than once.

(E.g) 1. Journal of Clinical chemistry reviews require a structured abstract with subheadings background, content, and summary.

2. Another style needs the subheadings: content, evidence, acquisition, results, and conclusions.

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INTRODUCTION

10% and 20% of the core text.

n Te se

Present tense: Research question and the objective purpose of the review.

Cit atio n

s

Length

Note: It should explain why the review of the field or topic essential at this time & what is that you are going to cover in the review.

E.g.

Many.

“Review on DMS or deep brain stimulation for Dystonia” However, one must acknowledge that published results obtained with DBS in Dystonia are few and that conclusions from these preliminary reports should be drawn very cautiously. Nonetheless, promising findings are emerging from single case reports or small case series, and the notion that DBS may be of great help in selected cases is progressively growing… . In this review, we discuss the results reported in the literature. Some critical issues regarding the evaluation of the results are also mentioned

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MATERIALS & METHODS

Length

Tense

Past tense- reason to repeat the review.

Approx. 5% of the core text.

Citations

Few

Elements: It should include: 1.Search strategies.

2.Criteria of inclusion and exclusion of methods.

3.Data sources.

4.Geographical information.

5.Characteristics of study subjects.

6.Details of used statistical analyses.

E.g.

Software and statistical analyses used.

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Length: 70 to 90% of the core text.

MAIN BODY PART Tense: 1.Present tense: Reporting what another author thinks, and writes.

2.Present Perfect: Referring to an area of research with a number of researchers.

3.Past: Referring to what a specific researcher found, referring to a single study.

0 1 0 2

0 4

Links: Link the research findings to the research questions.

0 3 Citations: Usually indirect but can also be cited directly.

Elements: 1.A coherent structure of the topic mentioning their relevance to the objective.

2.Subheadings reflecting the topic organisation and indicate the content in various sections including methodological approaches adopted, theories or models used, critical appraisal of studies, in chronological order.

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DISCUSSION

Fu n

cti o

Reiterate the objective and background information.

Present tense.

n

e s n e T

Citations

Elements: Discuss the results and their significance clearly and concisely.

Identify any unresolved questions.

Few or more.

E.g.

Despite 30 years of continued investigation, the precise mechanism of CD4 T-cell loss induced by HIV infection remains controversial. HIV-mediated destruction of its preferred target, the activated CD4 T cell, is certainly central to HIV pathogenesis, but does not explain why many uninfected cells die or why the host cannot merely replace lost cells.21,22 As first proposed in the 1990s,23 researchers now know that the proinflammatory nature of HIV infection is a key part of disease pathogenesis.2,25.

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CONCLUSIONS Conclude the review by discussing the objective mentioned in introduction, including findings and interpretations.

Discuss future scope by identifying the unresolved questions.

E.g.

Future studies evaluating novel stroke biomarkers should answer questions that address their unique clinical contribution in the diagnosis, management, and risk prediction of stroke: has the patient had a stroke? Is the stroke of ischemic or hemorrhagic etiology? Are symptoms suggestive of additional intensive investigation or thrombolytic therapy? Is the patient at risk for stroke or reoccurrence of cardiovascular events? Modern stroke diagnosis remains heavily reliant on clinical interpretation, and further translational research efforts toward discovery of stroke biomarkers have the possibility to greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of care.

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REFERENCES Length:

50 to 100 words and could cite only those in text, and online sources are not allowed.

Plagiarism:

Strictly Avoid

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