Why Perform A Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research?

Why Perform A Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research Source : John Wick, M.S., PhD

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research Meta-analysis refers to the statistical procedure for collaborating data from different studies based on a particular topic.

Fig 1. Graphical summary of Meta-analysis

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research  Meta-analysis is used to study and identify the common effect of a particularly same treatment wherein the effect of the treatment remains consistent through multiple cases of study  Meta-analysis performs a crucial role in evidence-based health care  In comparison to other study designs like cohort studies or randomized controlled trails Meta-analysis is placed at the top of ‘levels of evidence’ in the pyramid of evidence-based healthcare  The pyramid particularly helps analyze the different levels of evidence that are available.

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research ďƒ˜ As one proceeds to the top from every level of evidence in the evidence pyramid the evidence becomes less biased as compared to previous level. Thus, Meta-analysis can be regarded as the apex of healthcare evidence (Haidich, 2010)

ďƒ˜ Meta-analyses began to appear as a leading part of research in the late 70s. Since then, they have become a common way for synthesizing

evidence

and

summarizing

individual studies(Chalmers et al., 1977) .

the

results

of

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research

Fig 2. Pyramid of evidence-based medicine

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research The Need Of Performing Meta-Analysis:  The validity of hypothesis cannot be based on outcomes of a single study. The results keep varying from one study to another.  The results can differ due to multiple reasons like different study samples used and, confounding factors  Therefore, a mechanism is needed for synthesizing data across multiple studies. Narrative reviews are used for this purpose  The major drawbacks associated with narrative reviews is that these reviews are largely subjective i.e. different experts come to different conclusions based on their methods of study and results

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research The Need Of Performing Meta-Analysis:  It becomes more difficult when multiple studies are involved.

Meta-analysis on the contrary makes use of objective formulas i.e. apply statistics to a single study. This method can be used for multiple studies.  The combination of different studies which indirectly provide more data can prove beneficial and also help in improving and achieving precision and accuracy in individual studies  Alternately if the individual studies are underpowered their combination in a meta-analysis can improve the total statistical power used to detect a particular effect.

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research Steps To Perform A Meta – Analysis : Following are the basic steps involved in carrying out basic Meta-analysis (Field & Gillett, 2010) 1. Identify or formulate the problem Determine the question to be answered.

2. Carry out a literature review •

This step involves the study and search of different databases that include various reviewed articles.

• A few of the platforms can be PubMed, Embase, Scopus, etc.

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research Steps To Perform A Meta – Analysis : 3. Decide the inclusion or selection criteria • One should set a inclusion and exclusion criteria that will provide you with high quality evidence • and provide direct relevance to your problem statement 4. Data extraction •

One needs to extract data that highlights the results of your area of interest that need to be combined in the final set of analysis

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research Steps To Perform A Meta – Analysis : 5. Carry out basic Meta-analysis • One can select from the multiple soft wares that are available to carry out the process • Review Manager and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software are a few of them

Meta – Analysis Evidence Based Research References: •

CChalmers, T.C., Matta, R.J., Smith, H. & Kunzler, A.M. (1977). Evidence favoring the use of anticoagulants in the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. The New England journal of medicine. [Online]. 297 (20). pp. 1091–6.

Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/909566.

•

Field, A.P. & Gillett, R. (2010). How to do a meta-analysis. The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology. [Online]. 63 (Pt 3). pp. 665–94.

Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497626.

•

Haidich, A.B. (2010). Meta-analysis in medical research. Hippokratia. [Online]. 14 (Suppl1).pp.2937.Availablefrom: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2148748

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