BIPOLAR AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: MAJOR A META-ANALYSIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GENOME- WIDE ASSOCIATION DATA An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica Group: www.pubrica.com Email: sales@pubrica.com
TODAYS DISCUSSION In brief Introductio n Evidence Support Continuity Between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders Factors of hypomania in major depressive disorder Conclusion About Pubrica
IN BRIEF
The
Significant
demonstrates (BIP)
and
indirect
that
major
evidence
bipolar
disorder
depressive
disorder
(MDD) are related (MDD). BIP and MDD have
major
depressive
episodes
in
common; however, BIP is characterised by manic (bipolar 1) or hypomanic episodes in BIP (bipolar 2). Meta-Analy sis Writing Services Considering overlap between genetic risk variables for both illnesses, genetic epidemiological and genome-
wide linkage studies are also
To find common genetic risk factors, researchers conducted a survey. This blog reviews combining data from associatio studiea meta-analysis by Liu and Youfang and coordinating genome-wide n s with for ascertainment and diagnostic Blackwoo (2009) assessment genotyping quality control and analysis. d
INTRODUCTIO N
Recent
has challenged conventional
research
diagnosis divide
mood disorders two approaches into categories: bipolar and depressive disorders.distinct that The present taxonomy of mood disorders opposes Kraepelin's
concept of manic-depressive insanity as a
single entity (illness). Recent study findings imply a relationship between bipolar disorders (particularly bipolar II disorder) and major
depressive disorder. The following features
currently point to a link between bipolar II disease and major depressive disorder:
Mixed
depressive
states
(mixed
depression)
and
dysphoric
(mixed)
hypomania (opposite polarity symptoms in the same episode do not support mood disorder splitting); Family history (major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in relatives of bipolar probands); Lack of points of equivalence between the depressive syndromes of bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder; Bipolar major depressive illness with depression mixed states, age,
atypical characteristics, bipolar
thoughts, and psychomotor agitation;
early-onset
family history, irritability, racing
A high proportion of major depressive disorders shift to bipolar disorders during long- term follow-up; A large proportionof people with serious depressionhave a history of manic or hypomanic symptoms; Factors of hypomania present in major depressive disorder episodes; The recurrent course of major depressive disorder; and Depressive
symptoms
much
common symptoms in
more
the study of bipolar disorders.
are
than manic and hypomanic
EVIDENCE SUPPORT BETWEEN MAJOR CONTINUITY DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DISORDER AND BIPOLAR Bipolar disorder bipolar II is the most similar to major depressive disorder. S As
a
pursuing
result,
Meta-Analy sis
consistency
Experts
focused
on
the
connections between these two illnesses. There are some similarities between bipolar II illness and major depressive disorder.
The procedures for determining, diagnosing, genotyping, quality control, and analysis are described elsewhere. Both
investigations
were
carried
out with the
necessary
ethical
permissions, and all participants gave written informed consent. The
majority
of
cases
(81%)
fulfilled
DSM-IV
(Diagnostic
and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) bipolar 1 criteria, with a lesser
proportion
(16%)
fulfilling
criteria
for
bipolar
2
(16%),
schizoaffective disorder/manic type (2%), or bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) criteria (1% ).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated after quality control (18.7% were genotyped directly, and the rest were imputed). Cases satisfying DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-
IV) criteria for MDD were found in clinical and community
sources, while controls with low MDD risk were chosen from a population sample. Excessive missingness, uncommon genome-wide heterozygosity, and firstor
second-generation mutations were all reasons for subjects being
excluded.
Depressiv mixed states were seen e around 30%in of individuals with depressive
major
illness. Apart from the raised mood factor, the factor structure of hypomania
FACTORS OF HYPOMANIA IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
(outside depression) was comparable to that of depressed mixed states.
In depressive diverse states (of major depressive disorder and bipolar II disorder), two hypomanic factors were found: the most common was a mental activation factor, which included racing and crowded thoughts and irritability, and the other was a motor activation factor, which included psychomotor agitation and more talkativeness. The occurrence of hypomania aspects inside the depression of major depressive disorder
suggests that bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder are
associated. It was found that depression and depressive symptoms were much more common than
mania, hypomania, and manic and hypomanic symptoms in bipolar
disorders (especially
bipolar II disorder). This finding supports a link between
bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder
CONCLUSIO N
CACNA1C risk polymorphisms may have a
role in bipolar and unipolar major
mood
disorders, according to these
Clinical Meta- Analy sis Experts. According to certain theories, variation
in
CACNA1C
might
genetic be
a
frequent, modest, and pleomorphic risk factor for mental disorders.
Alternatively, the overlap might be due to misclassification—for example, if some MDD patients were actually "bipolar-like" but were misclassified owing to diagnostic meticulous
or nosological mistakes (despite using conventional and
techniques),
or
if
some
BIP
patients
were
similarly
misclassified. The bipolar risk locus ANK3, on the other hand, received no support in this meta- analysis, indicating that its effect may be limited to BIP or that the power to detect an effect was low.
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