A meta-analysis of biotechnology genome-wide association data – Pubrica

BIPOLAR AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: MAJOR A META-ANALYSIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GENOME- WIDE ASSOCIATION DATA An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica Group: www.pubrica.com Email: sales@pubrica.com

TODAYS DISCUSSION In brief Introductio n Evidence Support Continuity Between Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders Factors of hypomania in major depressive disorder Conclusion About Pubrica

IN BRIEF

The

Significant

demonstrates (BIP)

and

indirect

that

major

evidence

bipolar

disorder

depressive

disorder

(MDD) are related (MDD). BIP and MDD have

major

depressive

episodes

in

common; however, BIP is characterised by manic (bipolar 1) or hypomanic episodes in BIP (bipolar 2).

Meta-Analy sis Writing Services Considering overlap between genetic risk variables for both illnesses, genetic epidemiological and genome-

wide linkage studies are also

To find common genetic risk factors, researchers conducted a survey.

This blog reviews combining data from associatio studiea meta-analysis by Liu and Youfang and coordinating genome-wide n s with for ascertainment and diagnostic Blackwoo (2009) assessment genotyping quality control and analysis. d

INTRODUCTIO N

Recent

has challenged conventional

research

diagnosis divide

mood disorders two approaches into categories: bipolar and depressive disorders.distinct that The present taxonomy of mood disorders opposes Kraepelin's

concept of manic-depressive insanity as a

single entity (illness).

Recent study findings imply a relationship between bipolar disorders (particularly bipolar II disorder) and major

depressive disorder. The following features

currently point to a link between bipolar II disease and major depressive disorder:

Mixed

depressive

states

(mixed

depression)

and

dysphoric

(mixed)

hypomania (opposite polarity symptoms in the same episode do not support mood disorder splitting); Family history (major depressive disorder is the most common mood disorder in relatives of bipolar probands); Lack of points of equivalence between the depressive syndromes of bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder; Bipolar major depressive illness with depression mixed states, age,

atypical characteristics, bipolar

thoughts, and psychomotor agitation;

early-onset

family history, irritability, racing

A high proportion of major depressive disorders shift to bipolar disorders during long- term follow-up; A large proportionof people with serious depressionhave a history of manic or hypomanic symptoms; Factors of hypomania present in major depressive disorder episodes; The recurrent course of major depressive disorder; and Depressive

symptoms

much

common symptoms in

more

the study of bipolar disorders.

are

than manic and hypomanic

EVIDENCE SUPPORT BETWEEN MAJOR CONTINUITY DEPRESSIVE DISORDER DISORDER AND BIPOLAR Bipolar disorder bipolar II is the most similar to major depressive disorder.

S As

a

pursuing

result,

Meta-Analy sis

consistency

Experts

focused

on

the

connections between these two illnesses.

There are some similarities between bipolar II illness and major depressive disorder.

The procedures for determining, diagnosing, genotyping, quality control, and analysis are described elsewhere.

Both

investigations

were

carried

out with the

necessary

ethical

permissions, and all participants gave written informed consent.

The

majority

of

cases

(81%)

fulfilled

DSM-IV

(Diagnostic

and

Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) bipolar 1 criteria, with a lesser

proportion

(16%)

fulfilling

criteria

for

bipolar

2

(16%),

schizoaffective disorder/manic type (2%), or bipolar NOS (not otherwise specified) criteria (1% ).

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated after quality control (18.7% were genotyped directly, and the rest were imputed).

Cases satisfying DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-

IV) criteria for MDD were found in clinical and community

sources, while controls with low MDD risk were chosen from a population sample.

Excessive missingness, uncommon genome-wide heterozygosity, and firstor

second-generation mutations were all reasons for subjects being

excluded.

Depressiv mixed states were seen e around 30%in of individuals with depressive

major

illness.

Apart from the raised mood factor, the factor structure of hypomania

FACTORS OF HYPOMANIA IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

(outside depression) was comparable to that of depressed mixed states.

In depressive diverse states (of major depressive disorder and bipolar II disorder), two hypomanic factors were found: the most common was a mental activation factor, which included racing and crowded thoughts and irritability, and the other was a motor activation factor, which included psychomotor agitation and more talkativeness.

The occurrence of hypomania aspects inside the depression of major depressive disorder

suggests that bipolar II disorder and major depressive disorder are

associated.

It was found that depression and depressive symptoms were much more common than

mania, hypomania, and manic and hypomanic symptoms in bipolar

disorders (especially

bipolar II disorder). This finding supports a link between

bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder

CONCLUSIO N

CACNA1C risk polymorphisms may have a

role in bipolar and unipolar major

mood

disorders, according to these

Clinical Meta- Analy sis Experts.

According to certain theories, variation

in

CACNA1C

might

genetic be

a

frequent, modest, and pleomorphic risk factor for mental disorders.

Alternatively, the overlap might be due to misclassification—for example, if some MDD patients were actually "bipolar-like" but were misclassified owing to diagnostic meticulous

or nosological mistakes (despite using conventional and

techniques),

or

if

some

BIP

patients

were

similarly

misclassified.

The bipolar risk locus ANK3, on the other hand, received no support in this meta- analysis, indicating that its effect may be limited to BIP or that the power to detect an effect was low.

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