Net zero housing design

studio218

BZGhouse

georgia institute of technology

race to zero 2016

High Performance Buildings Program Leaders

studio218

Faculty Lead

HPB Program Leader

Jason Brown Ph.D

Godfried Augenbroe

BZGhouse

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Team Leader

Sammy Shams

Tianyu Feng, LEED AP, BD+C

Alya Al-Hashim

Yifu Shi, PE

Steven Chan

George Holz

Yujia Tong

Yiwen Di

INTRODUCTION

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cohere comfort, nature & net-zero atlanta, georgia “city in the forest�

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36% of Atlanta is covered by vegetation as opposed to 22% in other major US

piedmont park, midtown atlanta 4

GA-400

I-85

I-75

The Perimeter The Atlanta Beltline

The Site

I-20 Atlanta City Limits

I-20 I-285 MAJOR INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS

Metropolitan MARTA RAIL LINES Atlanta N THE ATLANTA BELTLINE

GA-14 I-85

I-75

5

Midtown Atlanta

G

10 m i

nut

ew a

G

c ng lki

G

M

ircle

tla

eA Th

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a nt e

in

ltl

Downtown Atlanta

Be

M

Old Fourth Ward

Legend Cultural Institution

N

G Grocery Store M MARTA Train Hospital Campus

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Ponce City

Food H a ket ll ar

Ponce City Market

n i k g l a c w i rcle e t

G

tlanta B A e elt Th

e lin

5

m

u n i

M

a

nt

tla

eA

Th

O4W Park

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e in ltl

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Morgan Street

944’

942’

98’

946’

5’ setback 60’

44’

46’

56’

948’

Glen Iris Drive

56’

20’ setback

5’ setback

2,665 SF Buildable Area

Building Footprint

2,665 SF x 0.75 (FAR) 2,000 SF (MAX)

58’

950’

5’ setback

536 Glen Iris Drive NE

BZGhouse

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98’

0.11 Acres

City of Atlanta, GA Zone R-4B Lot Size 0.11 acre Buildable Area: 2,665 sf FAR: 0.75 = 2,000 sf

N SITE GEOGRAPHY

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urban single family houses. potential urban dwellers:

01 established millennials, young couples and newly started families 02 baby boomers preparing to retire or with an “empty nest�

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vision. the 21st century, urban, single family home.

01 place of homeliness 02 one with it’s surroundings 03 having a footprint without impact

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concepts. cohere comfort, nature and net-zero living.

centrality

connection to nature

net-zero energy

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Specifications: 1,367 sqft 2 Bedroom, 2.5 Baths Central Atrium Carport, 2 patios, Balcony Framed Backyard 0.11 acre lot Wood Floors, Stone Facade

Building Systems: 5 kW PV Array VRF Mini-split HVAC Energy Recovery Ventilator SMARTci Continuous Insulation Double Pane, Low E Windows Crawl Space Foundation Electric Vehicle Charger

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SOUTHEAST PERSPECTIVE

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MORGAN STREET PERSPECTIVE

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ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE

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Energy Analysis Work Flow

Step 01

Design with passive strategies

Step 02

Step 03

Optimize the building envelope

Apply efficient mechanical systems

Step 04

Add active strategies

Analysis Tools SAM

EPC BZGhouse

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Tech-Opt ANALYSIS FLOW

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Analysis Criteria Decision Making

Step 01

Step 02

30% better than average Atlanta housing

Significantly better than Step 01

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(Minimum 30% reduction in load)

Step 03

Significantly better than Step 02 (Minimum 30% reduction in load)

Step 04

Reach Net-Zero Energy HERS Rating of 0

ANALYSIS FLOW

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01

02

Base Building on Site

03

04

Slope Roof to the South BZGhouse

Orient Long Side on E-W Axis

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Add a Second Floor GEOMETRIC MASSING

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N 0’

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3’

6’

SOUTHEAST PERSPECTIVE SITE PLAN

12’

18

Front Deck

Mechanical

Carport

Backyard Patio

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0’

3’

6’

LEVEL 01 PLAN

12’

19

Bedroom 02

Master Bedroom Catwalk

Mechanical

Balcony

Open to Below

Closet

N BZGhouse

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0’

3’

6’

12’

SECOND FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 02 PLAN 20

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GLEN IRIS DRIVE ELEVATION - EAST

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BACKYARD ELEVATION - SOUTH

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N

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SECTION A-A - ORIENTED EAST

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N

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SECTION B-B - ORIENTED SOUTH

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Connection to Nature Site Strategies

Replant the Landscape

- Reintroduced the natural landscape strategically designed around the house.

Why do this?

- Protect & replenish the natural environment - Frame the yard - Protect building exposure from the extreme climate.

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Connection to Nature Fenestrations

Windows & Doors to the Outside

- Strategically place fenestrations to view the natural landscape.

- Enhances the experience of the house.

Why do this?

- Natural views promote health & well-being - Natural daylighting - Natural ventilation

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Connection to Nature Outdoor Space

Outdoor Space

- Inhabiting outdoor spaces while still being part of the home

Why do this?

- Create recreational spaces - Enhance the physical experience - Reduce building loads by moving program outdoors

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Centrality Open Floor Plan

Open Floor Plan

- Open floor plan to connect all adjacent program in one space.

Why do this?

- Make a small space feel bigger - Efficient use of interior space - Visual connections for comfort and security

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Centrality Central Atrium

Central Atrium

- Central, double-heighted space connects the first and second levels.

Why do this?

- Make a small space feel even bigger - Passive ventilation - Visual connections for comfort and security

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Centrality Mechanical Core

Mechanical Core

- Centralized mechanical core for efficient building systems management

Why do this?

- Efficient runs for ducts, pipes & conduit.

- Organized building systems - Reduces building system loads - Reduces cost

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Initial Energy Analysis EPC Calculator

Energy Performance Calculator Origin

- Created by Georgia Tech High Performance Building Lab - Excel Based Engine - Based on ISO 13790

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Input

(1) TMY Weather File (2) Mechanical Systems (3) Energy Generation (4) Operation Schedule (5) Set Points (6) Envelope (7) Architectural Features

Output

Energy Performance Coef.

(1) Thermal Load (2) Delivered Energy (3) Primary/Source Energy (4) CO2 Emissions

SOFTWARE TOOL

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Heating Load Window to 14,513 Wall Ratio btu/ft2/yr Cooling Load 10,338 btu/ft2/yr

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18%

21%

Thermal Load Reduction from Average House STEP 01 - BASELINE HOUSE ANALYSIS RESULTS

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Daylight Analysis IESVE

Lighting Requirements

Reading Task = 50 fc

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General Illumination = 5 fc BASELINE FORM

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Net-Zero Energy Building Envelope

Performance Envelope

- Continuous insulation, minimal thermal bridging and air tight construction.

- Drainage layers for rain water and condensation.

Why do this?

- Reduce thermal loads of the building - Protect against water intrusion - Reduce air infiltration - Increase durability of the house

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Envelope Optimization EPC - Tech-opt

Tech-opt in EPC Origin

- Created by Georgia Tech High Performance Building Lab - Excel Based Solver Engine - EPC plug-in

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Input

(1) 5 Different options for each component (2) Constrain Maximum Thermal Load (3) Constrain Maximum Cost

Output

(1) Best combination of envelope materials (2) Highest R-value is not always the optimal choice

SOFTWARE TOOL

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Envelope Detail Detail Section

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ROOF DETAIL 01

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Envelope Detail Detail Section

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ROOF DETAIL 02

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Envelope Detail Detail Section

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WALL DETAIL 01

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Envelope Detail Detail Section

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FOUNDATION DETAIL 01

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Continuous Insulation SMARTci

Envelope Performance

- Structural Sheathing - Continuous Insulation - Vapor Retarder - Air Barrier - One System - 3� Thick, R-13 Rating BZGhouse

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ENVELOPE MATERIALS

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April

Temperature (F)

January

Hours (0-24)

Hours (0-24)

Temperature (F)

October

Dry Bulb Temperature

August Hours (0-24)

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Dew-point

Highest Probability of Condensation in Wall Hours (0-24)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

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Steady State

Dynamic 1.4 lb/sf

1.23 lb/sf

1.1 lb/sf

Condensation Analysis

F

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% RH

ROOF HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS

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Steady State

Dynamic 0.9 lb/sf

Condensation Analysis

F

% RH

0.7 lb/sf

0.5 lb/sf

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WALL HYGROTHERMAL ANALYSIS

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Thermal Load Before & After Envelope

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THERMAL LOAD ANALYSIS

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Heating Load 7,893 btu/ft2/yr

Cooling Load 6,941 btu/ft2/yr

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Heating Load Reduced

>50%

40%

Additional Thermal Load Reduction STEP 02 - ENVELOPE IMPROVEMENT RESULTS

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Net-Zero Energy Efficient Building Systems

High Performance Systems

- High efficiency rated systems - Minimize energy flow routes - Maintain healthy interior conditions

Why do this?

- Reduced energy demands - Use durable products - Save on utility costs

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Equipment Selection HVAC System

Strategies

- Independent Control - Good performance under partial load - Minimizes duct work - Utilizes exhaust heat - Combined ERV-VRF Specifications

- VRF Mini-Split System - 2 Ton Load Compressor - 2 Indoor Units - ERV

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Air Conditioning

Ventilation Mitsubishi MXZ-3C24NAHZ SEER 19 Cooling Capacity Range: (6,000 - 23,600 Btu/h) Heating Capacity Range: at 47F: (7,200 - 30,600 Btu/h) at 17F: (25,000 Btu/h MAX)

Venmar AVS C12 ERV Outside Air Flow Range: 95 - 136 CFM

Mitsubishi SLZ-KA15NA Air Flow Rate: 280/320/390 CFM Cooling Capacity Range: 15,000 Btu/h Heating Capacity Range: 18,000 Btu/h Mitsubishi SEZ-KD12NA Air Flow Rate: 280/320/390 CFM Cooling Capacity Range: 15,000 Btu/h Heating Capacity Range: 18,000 Btu/h HVAC EQUIPMENT

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Ducting & Placement HVAC System

Outdoor Compressor

Refrigerant Supply / return

Air Supply / return Indoor Unit 01

Indoor Unit 02

ERV

Level 01

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Level 02

HVAC SCHEMATICS

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Mechanical Ventilation Indoor Air Quality

Strategies

- Eliminate airborne pollutants - Control moisture within the building envelope - Select low VOC materials - Mitigate radon infiltration Panasonic VF-05VFM2 Air Flow Range: 50 CFM Noise Level: <0.3 sones Venmar AVS C12 ERV Outside Air Flow Range: 95 - 136 CFM

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Section A-A INDOOR AIR QUALITY

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Domestic Hot Water Mechanical Core

Strategies

Cold Water

- Design a water loop - Stable pressure condition - Minimize the distribution loss

Hot Water

- Heat pump water heater

Heat Pump Water Heater

A.O. Smith HPTU 50 120 Storage Volume: 50 Gallons Max Energy Factor: 3.24

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Water Heater

Mechanical Core DOMESTIC HOT WATER

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Lights & Appliances Electrical Loads

Strategies

Lighting Load

- Minimize operational costs by utilizing LED lighting bulbs - Select compact Energy Star appliances LED Lighting Energy Star Washer & Condensing Dryer Energy Star Kitchen Appliances

0.41 W/ft2

Appliance Load

1.1 W/ft2

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ELECTRICAL LOADS

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Energy Demand Before & After

kWh/ft2/yr

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DELIVERED ENERGY COMPARISON

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Energy Consumption

4.67 kWh/ft2/yr

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HVAC SEER Rating

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47%

Drop in Energy Consumption

STEP 03 - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS RESULT

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Net-Zero Energy Solar Photovoltaics

Solar PV

- Renewable energy generation system - Micro-inverters for efficiency

Why do this?

- Clean energy generation - Relatively maintenance free, No moving parts - Reduce, if not eliminate energy costs

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CONCEPT DIAGRAM

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Active Strategies Solar Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics

- Suniva is a start-up company from a Georgia Tech, University Center of Excellence Lab - Locally designed & manufactured - Potential Induced Degradation (PID) Free Photovoltaic Module

Suniva OPTIMUS Series OPT 330-72-4-100

Efficiency: 16.92% Power: 330 W Cells Per Module: 72 25 year linear power warranty 10 year product warranty BZGhouse

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Photovoltaic Array

Total Panel Area: 312 sf Capacity: 4.95 kW Cost Per Watt: $3.14 Gross Cost: $15,548 Cost After Incentives: $10,884 LCOE: $0.11 /kW Georgia Power: $0.14 /kW ENERGY GENERATION

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Active Strategies Solar Photovoltaics

Solar Radiation Intensity

- Correct PV array placement - Solar Intensity BZGhouse

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ENERGY GENERATION

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Array Degradation Over Time Energy Gen eration

Over Time

Energy Consumption

Consumption 6,380 kWh

Generation 7,450 year 01 - kWh

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Array System Capacity

5 KW

16% Surplus of Energy

STEP 04 - ACTIVE SYSTEMS RESULT

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Affordability

D L O S Marketing

Demo/Psycho-graphic

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The Bottom Line House Cost

Metro Atlanta Average New Construction Cost

Average Resale Price

$700,000+

$300,000+

Including lot & House

Including lot & House

Trulia.com, March 2016,

Old Fourth Ward

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Lot Cost

Construction Cost

Total House Cost

$200,000

$181,943

$424,907

536 Glen Iris Dr.

$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft

30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio

RUNNING THE NUMBERS

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$200,000 > $181,943 lot price

construction cost

what?

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atlanta real estate market. constant growth since the recession:

01 Purchase & lease prices increasing 02 Vacant land is disappearing 03 Growing Gentrification

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Atlanta Demographics Generations

Population 2040: 8,000,000 Millennials: 80 million Born (1980-1995) Population 2015: 4,332,600 (10 county metro area) BZGhouse

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Atlanta Regional Com.

In 2040, Millennials will be 45-60 y/o DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH

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Site Affordability Lot Options

Old Fourth Ward Prime Location Family Income Requirement

$82,000

Lot Cost

Construction Cost

Total House Cost

$200,000

$181,943

$424,907

536 Glen Iris Dr.

$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft

30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio

Lot Cost

Construction Cost

$35,000

$181,943

Total House Cost

$259,907

Vine City

$133 per / sqft net-zero energy 1,367 sqft

30 year mortgage 38% debt to income ratio

Vine City Starter Location Family Income Requirement

BZGhouse

$57,000

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REAL ESTATE OPTIONS

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Affordability Market Pricing

$700k

- Starter Location is $40k less than the Avg. Resale Price $425k

- Prime Location is $275k less than the Avg. Construction Price

$300k

- Competitive market pricing - Higher profit margins

$180k

Avg. New Const.

Atlanta

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Avg. Resale Atlanta

BZG Const.

Cost

Atlanta Market

vs.

$260k

BZG Starter Location

BZG Prime Location

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REAL ESTATE MARKET EVALUATION

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Affordability Family Income

Median Family Income U.S. Atlanta

$66,632 $58,208

Mean Family Income U.S. Atlanta

$88,765 $111,097

- Starter Location is affordable for the median household - Prime Location is affordable for the mean household

US Income

$111k

Prime Location $82k

ATL Income

$88k

$66k $58k

Starter Location $57k

$48k

$45k

Minimum Annual Income Needed Prime Location Starter Location

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$82,000 $57,000

Annual Mean Income

Annual Median Income

College Grad Mean

College Grad Median

2014 U.S. vs Atlanta Annual Income INCOME DEMOGRAPHICS EVALUATION

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marketing. two groups of net-zero home buyers:

01 those who understand & believe the technologies, benefits & impacts.

02 those who donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t.

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Marketing Strategies

Group 01 - Seek out those conscious of sustainability, health & the environment

Group 02 - Educate about net-zero energy household - Develop sales oriented language - Emphasize savings - Create a clear index of BZGhouse features and claims

“BZGhouse can save you nearly $700 in utility bill costs annually” instead of “BZGhouse reduces energy demand by nearly 2 kW per month”

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MARKETING ANALYSIS

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psychographics. characteristics of typical net-zero home buyers:

01 sustainability conscious 02 health-centric, environmentally aware 03 energy or building science industry professional

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Target Markets Strategies

Millennials - Experience Driven - Optimistic, focused - Globally Aware

Baby Boomers - Entering Retirement - Downsizing to increase quality of life - Sense of exploration

Desirable Home Features - Smaller, higher quality - More Experiential, less clutter - Energy Efficiency, Save Money - Environmental Conscious BZGhouse

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MARKETING ANALYSIS

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Pros vs. Cons Net-Zero Energy Homes

PROS

CONS

- Energy Saving

- Higher Mortgage Payment

- Minimal if any Utility Bill

- Pre-Mature Technologies

- Healthier Living

- Not Guaranteed Net-Zero

- Technologically Advanced

- More Expensive to Repair

- Wise Investment - Higher Building Standards

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NET-ZERO VS CONVENTIONAL

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The Rebuttal Cons to Pros

Overall Ownership Cost: 1. Utility bill savings is more than additional monthly payment

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BZG Technologies: 1. Proven technologies: PV & SMARTci 2. Thorough simulation & testing

Repair and Maintenance: 1. Warranty on Systems 2. O/M cost continue to drop over time

NET-ZERO DEFENSE

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SOUTHEAST AERIAL PERSPECTIVE

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MORGAN STREET PERSPECTIVE

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GLEN IRIS DRIVE PERSPECTIVE

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LIVING ROOM PERSPECTIVE

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ATRIUM PERSPECTIVE

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KITCHEN PERSPECTIVE

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cohere comfort, nature & net-zero centrality

connection to nature

net-zero energy atlanta, georgia â&#x20AC;&#x153;city in the forestâ&#x20AC;?

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BZG

High Performance Buildings

studio218

Building Net-Zero in Georgia

A decorous assemblage re-imagined in a precocious technique.

Bazinga!

Industry Partners

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COLLABORATION

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