Informal vendors and informal buyers occupy the road to spread their business, while the role of transportation is to communicate between two points, the peripheries and the city centre. These two activities create a 'territoriality' 6 framed in two layers.
a: Google Earth map, Manzese
b:
Google Earth view, Manzese
Figure 3. Morogoro Road, passing through the neighbourhood of Manzese
Territory has been defined by several researchers. Territory can be considered as 'a meaningful aspect of social life, whereby individuals define their scope of their obligations and the identity of themselves and others' (Shils, 1975, cited in Kärrholm, 2005). Territoriality has also been defined as 'the attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area'. This area will be called territory (Sack, 1986, cited in Kärrholm, 2005). Manzese streets are very much managed as an informal market, with the rules and conflicts that it implies. It is controlled by specific people, where a defined behaviour is expected between dwellers, sellers or buyers and where visitors feel that the rules and the expected behaviour must to be followed. Territorial behaviour has been expressed as 'a self–other boundary regulation mechanism that involves personalization of or marking of a place or object and communication that it is “owned” by a person or a group, behaviour that after placement appropriation, can create social tensions' (Altman, 1975, cited in Kärrholm, 2005). Tension from the superposition of those two ways of understanding territoriality becomes obvious when traffic accidents occur, where it is usually the informal dwellers from Manzese who get badly hurt. Territory is then as Foucault defines it 'first of all a juridical-political one: The area controlled by a certain power' (Foucault, 1980). This conflict is naively handled by politicians and town planners with a simple solution of a fence in the middle of the road, to divide a territory. Kärrholm sees territorial complexity within the essence of making public space enabling discussions beyond dichotomies such as homogenization or heterogenization and inclusion or exclusion. Kärrholm identifies three aspects of complexities within territoriality production: first the dominant territoriality with a large number of territorial productions categorized according to strategies, tactics, relationships power etc. A second aspect of complexity refers to a multilayered territory, characterized by a large number of layers at each place and a dynamic space shifting between absence and presence territoriality.
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Territoriality: space production as a collective effort of human and nonhuman acts. (Kärrholm, 2007)
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