MTH 231 Entire Course
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com MTH 231 Week 1 DQs MTH 231 Week 1 Populations and Sampling Paper MTH 231 Week 2 DQs MTH 231 Week 2 Data—Organizing, Summarizing, Probability, and Distribution Worksheet MTH 231 Week 3 DQs MTH 231 Week 3 Life Sciences Article Analysis MTH 231 Week 4 DQs MTH 231 Week 4 Confidence Intervals in the Life Sciences Presentation MTH 231 Week 4 Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Error Worksheet MTH 231 Week 5 Final Exam MTH 231 Week 5 Hypothesis Testing and Correlation Worksheet -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Final Exam Guide Set 2
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com We have another set of final exam guide which could be found on this link
http://www.mth231.com/product-24--MTH-231-Week-5-Final-ExamGuide
Use the following table for questions 1 and 2. Butterflies Collected spring
in
Collected summer
in
Collected autumn
in
Red
Blue
Orange
Yellow
3
2
1
24
14
7
8
24
12
72
9
43
1. If you randomly select one butterfly from the table above, what is the probability of selecting a red butterfly or one collected in spring? 2. If you randomly select one butterfly collected in spring, one butterfly collected in summer, and one butterfly collected in autumn, what is the probability of selecting all yellow butterflies? 3. Determine the appropriate approach to conduct a hypothesis test for this claim: Fewer than 5% of patients experience negative treatment effects. Sample data: Of 500 randomly selected patients, 2.2% experience negative treatment effects. A) Use the normal distribution. B) Use the Student t distribution. C) Use the chi-square distribution. D) Use nonparametric or bootstrapping methods.
4. Determine the appropriate approach to conduct a hypothesis test for this claim: The systolic blood pressure of men who run at least five miles each week varies less than does the systolic blood pressure of all men. Sample data: n = 100 randomly selected men who run at least five miles each week, sample mean = 108.4, and s = 20.3 A) Use the normal distribution. B) Use the Student t distribution. C) Use the chi-square distribution. D) Use nonparametric or bootstrapping methods. 5. Determine the appropriate approach to conduct a hypothesis test for this claim: The mean sodium content of a 30 g serving of snack crackers is 2,200 mg. Sample data: n = 130 snack crackers, sample mean= 3,100 mg, and s = 570. The sample data appear to come from a normally distributed population. A) Use the normal distribution. B) Use the Student t distribution. C) Use the chi-square distribution. D) Use nonparametric or bootstrapping methods. Use the following sample data to answer questions 6 through 12.A study of physical fitness tests for 12 randomly selected premedical students measured their exercise capacity (in minutes). The following data resulted: 25 61 23 22 24 53 33 31 23 23 63 71 6. Calculate the mean of the students’ exercise capacity. 7. Calculate the median of the students’ exercise capacity. 8. Calculate the mode of the students’ exercise capacity.
9. Calculate the standard deviation of the students’ exercise capacity. 10. Calculate a 90% Confidence Interval for the student's mean exercise capacity. 11. If premedical student Alisha has the exercise capacity of 42 minutes, convert her score to a z score among the distribution of exercise capacity above. 12. Alisha’s grandmother has an exercise capacity of 21 minutes, as measured in a similar study among Americans over seventy years old. The study sample has a mean of 15.2 minutes and a standard deviation of 7.3 minutes. Convert Alisha’s grandmother’s score to a z score among the distribution of exercise capacity in Americans over seventy years old. Who has a relatively longer exercise capacity compared to her peers—Alisha or her grandmother? 13. Choose the procedure that will allow dental patients to be researched using a binomial distribution: A) Surveying dental patients and asking them how their visit could have been made more enjoyable B) Asking dental patients as they enter the office how often they floss C) Surveying a set number of dental patients and asking them if they have dental insurance D) Asking patients as they enter the office whether they flossed before the appointment E) Surveying dental patients and asking them how their teeth feel after their appointment
14. Select the procedure that results in a Poisson distribution and explain. F) Researching the Northern Spotted Owls' number of feedings per month G)
Researching the Barred Owls' wingspan in inches
H) Researching the Snowy Owls' preferred nesting locations I)
Researching the Sooty Owls' longevity
15. Choose the procedure that will allow fire ants to be researched using a Poisson distribution. J)
Counting fire ants per square centimeter of a mound
K) Counting fire ant mounds per square kilometer throughout North America L) Surveying 2,080 North Americans to determine how many fire ant bites they have suffered in the past year M) Surveying 2,080 North Americans to determine how they feel about fire ants N) Recording the locations of fire ant mounds each year in one county over a span of 40 years -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 1 DQ 1 and DQ 2
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Week 1 DQ 1 Select the commodity of your best interest by ticking the box. You should get the data table thru clicking “retrieve� button at the end part of the list. ( You may use a commodity which is not explained in the class) Select the data among the month from 10 to 11 years as depicted below. Paste it to your clipboard using your mouse. Use only the numbers, not the month. Apply statdisk and paste it on statdisk. You are then required to select which column to be used. You have to choose column 1.
Week 1 DQ 2 There are two broad areas of statistics: inferential and descriptive. In inferential statistics, we use analytical methods to derive meaning from our data. In descriptive statistics, we study effective ways to describe the data. Charts and graphs are very important in descriptive statistics. Compare the graphs in Figures 2-6, 2-7, and 2-10 in the text. What does each graph communicate? How effective is each graph in communicating this information? How would you choose the kind of graph to use for a specific project? Give an example. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 1 Individual Assignment Populations
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 1 of the text, the Internet, and the University Library Consider how life sciences researchers collect information from samples to learn about populations. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper about sampling from populations.
Include the following information: Define population and describe the characteristics of a population. Define sample and describe the characteristics of a sample. Compare samples and populations and explain how the concepts are related. Provide examples to illustrate your arguments. Explain how to increase the chance that a sample is representative of a chosen population. Provide an example. Describe random sampling and its benefits for research. Cite at least two references. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 2 DQ 1 and DQ 2
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Week 2 DQ 1 Suppose a birdwatcher averages spotting 0.3 rare finches every day during the two hours allotted for watching. This means that the birdwatcher spots, on average, three rare finches every 10 days. The average is based on considerable experience. Over a given 10-day period, the birdwatcher sees zero rare finches in five days, and on the sixth day, the birdwatcher declares, “I’m due to see a rare finch today.” Assume that the environmental conditions are reasonably constant with no seasonal migratory issues involved. There is reasonably consistent weather and there are no confounding (lurking, unseen) variables involved. There is, however, a flaw in the birdwatcher’s statement. What is the error and why is it wrong?
Would you choose the binomial pdf (probability distribution function) or would you choose the Poisson pdf to better analyze the birdwatcher’s scenario (Triola, Sec. 4.3 & 4.4, 2006)? State the necessary criteria for each distribution and support your decision. Triola, M. M., Triola, M. D., &Triola, M. F. (2006). Biostatistics for the biological and health sciences. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.
Week 2 DQ 2 Read the article What are Relative Risk, Number Needed to Treat and Odds Ratio? from the Electronic Reserve Readings on the Materials web page for Week 2. Summarize the measures of relative risk, number needed to treat, and odds ratios. In your opinion, which of these measures is most informative? Why are they frequently used together? Explain. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 2 Individual Assignment DataOrganizing
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 2–4 and Appendix B of the text and Statdisk Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Data—Organizing, Summarizing, Probability, and Distribution Worksheet lo -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 3 DQ 1 and DQ 2
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Week 3 DQ 1 What are the characteristics of a normal probability distribution function (pdf). What is the standard normal pdf? How is it related to the normal pdf and why is it useful? Explain the Empirical Rule? Is it used for rough estimates or precise calculations? Briefly tell how to use Table A-2 in the Appendix of our text to calculate z-values (Triola, 2006). How is area under the standard normal curve related to probability? Is the table arranged so that probability is cumulative from the left or from the right? Briefly tell how Statdisk may be used to give even more accurate table values (Statdisk>> Analysis >> Probability Distributions >> Normal Distribution).
Week 3 DQ 2 Precisely, in simple language, what is a confidence interval? What is the difference between a statistic that is a point estimator and one that is an interval estimator? When might you prefer an interval estimator over a point estimator? What is a confidence level with respect to a confidence interval? What is a critical value and why is it important? What happens to the margin of error for a confidence interval when the sample size is increased? How is the margin of error related to the width of the confidence interval? State this relationship in mathematical terms.
What happens to the width of the confidence interval if the confidence level is increased from 95% to 99%? That is, does the width increase or decrease? Why? What happens to the width of the confidence interval if n, the size of the sample, is increased? Why? For additional participation credit, also comment within the thread of the message posted in the Main Forum: Example: Using Statdisk to Find a Confidence Interval -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 3 Team Assignment Life Sciences Article
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 3 and 4 of the text, the Week Two Electronic Reserve Readings “Fetal Deaths and Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites in Washington State” and “Intensive Lipid Lowering With Atorvastatin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease,” the Internet, and the University Library Discuss the methodology of life sciences researchers in the two articles. Explore the data collection and analysis techniques used by the authors of these articles in preparation for the Life Sciences Article Analysis. Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper about dependence and probability. Discuss the following questions: What population is researched in each article? What data are collected by the authors in each article? What are the independent events or variables? What are the dependent events or variables? Evaluate whether
the authors make appropriate claims related to the independence or dependence of the events or variables they investigate. Explain relative risk, odds ratios, and fetal death rates. Describe the use of these tools in the article “Fetal Deaths and Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites in Washington State.” Explain absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat. Describe the use of these tools in the article “Intensive Lipid Lowering With Atorvastatin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease.” Summarize how communication of scientific findings is facilitated with the concept of dependence and with tools for expressing probability. Cite at least four references. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 4 DQ 1 and DQ 2
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Week 4 DQ 1 State the criteria for choosing a t-test and a z-test. Then give an example of a problem in which you would use z-test to evaluate the data. Next, take the same example and modify it so that a t-test would be preferable. Explain why.
Week 4 DQ 2 In general terms:
• What is a null hypothesis? • What is an alternative hypothesis? Under American criminal jurisprudence, the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond the “shadow of a doubt.” • What is the null hypothesis? • What is the alternative hypothesis? • Explain how the Type I and Type II errors apply to the court system. • In court, what is the equivalent of the test statistic upon which the decision is based? • In statistical terms, how would you define “shadow of a doubt?” • In statistics, why should the decision always be stated in terms of the null hypothesis? (That is: reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis.) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 4 Individual Assignment Distribution
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 5–7 of the text and Statdisk Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Error Worksheet, located in Week Four of the student website. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 4 Team Assignment Confidence Intervals
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 5 and 6 of the text, the University Library, the Internet, and Statdisk Identify a normally distributed variable related to your chosen life science that serves as your example variable. Review the data sets presented in Appendix B of the text and in Statdisk, selecting one that corresponds with your chosen life science. Choose a particular variable you would like to explore and use Statdisk to determine if its distribution is approximately normal. Note. Data Set 5: Passive and Active Smoke in the text does not include normally distributed data and may not be used in this project. Prepare a 12- to 15-slide MicrosoftÂŽ PowerPointÂŽ presentation that explains confidence intervals in your chosen life science. Imagine that you are responsible for educating first-year college students who are majoring in your chosen life science. Explain to the students how and why confidence intervals relate to their field. Discuss the following questions: What is a normal distribution? Describe your example variable and explain why normally distributed data is important in your chosen life science. Show the distribution of your example variable in a Statdisk-generated image and demonstrate how to calculate the probability of a range of values within this normal distribution. What is a standard normal distribution? How does it differ from other normal distributions? Convert the normally distributed example variable within your chosen life science to a standard normal distribution. Show this example in a Statdisk-generated image and demonstrate how to calculate the probability of a range of values within this standard normal distribution.
What is a confidence interval? Outline how confidence intervals may be used in your chosen life science. Demonstrate how to define confidence intervals within the normal distribution example variable. What is a confidence level? Show how a confidence level relates to the confidence interval using the example variable. What is a critical value? Show how critical values relate to the confidence interval using the example variable. What is a margin of error? Describe how a margin of error relates to confidence intervals and to your chosen life science. Provide an example related to your example variable. What is a point estimate? Explain how a point estimate found from a confidence interval would be applied in your chosen life science. Provide an example related to your example variable. What can a confidence interval tell researchers in your chosen life science about an estimate of population mean? Provide an example related to your example variable. What can a confidence interval tell researchers in your chosen life science about an estimate of population variance? Provide an example related to your example variable. Include a title slide and conclusion slide, and cite at least four references on a references slide. Present the information about confidence intervals and your chosen life science to the instructor and the class just as you would to firstyear college students who need this information. For Local Campus students, these are oral presentations accompanied by Microsoft速 PowerPoint速 presentations. For Online and Directed Study students, these are Microsoft速 PowerPoint速 presentations with notes. Discuss with your classmates and answer questions.
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MTH 231 Week 5 Final Exam Guide Set 1
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com We have another set of MTH 231 Final, which could be found on this link http://www.mth231.com/product-24--MTH-231-Week-5-Final-ExamGuide
MTH 231 Week 5 Final Exam Use this worksheet for your answers. Your score, based on the points shown for this exam in the rubric, will be corrected to the basis points shown for the final exam in the syllabus. Submit to the Assignments Section by 11:59 pm of the last day of class. Late work will not be accepted. 1. The following are the scores obtained by 30 students in epidemiology test: 83 67 94 77 55 82 79 72 88 65 81 63 92 61 85 71 79 70 89 52 66 63 75 84 99 81 73 79 68 77
a) Apply the Statdisk and look for the user-defined relative frequency histogram having a class width of 10 from 50. The labels must be “on�. Copy the histogram in this sheet. b) Look for the Normality Assessment using the Statdisk. Does it show the sample from the normal population? Are the results from the histogram and the test results the same with regard to normality? What did you apply for the alpha level of the test? 0 c) Refer to the Statdisk, get the descriptive statistics of the data below: Mean Median Standard Deviation Range Midrange d) Sarah got 79 in her exam. The z-score is shown below: 0.2927 2. The die rolled once with the events as shown: A: Event F: Roll an even number B: Event J: Roll 1, 2, 3, or 4 a) Define the term mutually exclusive. There are two events which are independent and the existence of the first event has nothing to do with the existence of another. b) What set has mutually exclusive events? A, B, Both, or Neither? A 3. Every person at St. Goodenough Hospital is categorized as below average, average, or above average with regard to the understanding. They are also divided as fair, good, or excellent. The evaluation is shown below:
----Potential for Advancement---Prof. Knowledge Fair Good Excellent Below Average 16 12 22 Average 45 60 45 Above Average 93 72 135 a) Get the probability of the chosen employee at random having the excellent potential advancement. b) Get the probability of the person being selected at random who is having an average or above average professional knowledge, as well as excellent potential advancement. 4. Correctly, what is the Central Limit Theorem (CLT)? Explain in full detail why is it essential? 1) When the samples of size of at least 30 came from random population, then the sampling distribution have an estimated normal distribution; 2) If the population is distributed accordingly, then the sampling distribution have a normal distribution as well. 3) For any kind of sample size, the population is normally distributed. 4) This is beyond the result of CLT, than the accurate statement of it. The CLT is essential because it provides the sampling distribution of the sample means. 5. Indicate whether each statement is valid with a “Yes” or “No.” a. Under particular limitations, the binomial distribution can be estimate by the normal distribution allowing us to apply the normal distribution for computation with the binomial distribution.
b. As what has been stated in CLT, the sampling distribution of the sampling mean estimates the normal distribution in a manner that it may not enhance the size of the given samples. c. The CLT may not be used until the population probability distribution become identifiable. d. No proof was used in CLT. It still a hypothesis 6. The post anaesthesia care area (recovery room) at St. Luke’s Hospital in Pflugerville, Ontario, was broadened. The move will mean that the mean number of people per day can also be enlarged. A random sampling was conducted in order to determine the patients coming after the broadening. 25 27 25 26 25 28 28 27 24 26 25 29 25 27 24 a What is the null hypothesis? The mean number of patients per day arrived to be 25 or less. b What is the alternative hypothesis? The mean number of patients per day will be greater than 25 c What specific test will you use to test the hypotheses at ι = 0.05? t-test d What is the p-value for the test? p = 0.0087 e Interpret the meaning of this p-value. The probability of arriving with the test statistics is 2.6935 if the null hypothesis holds to be true. This is the value used in t-statistic excluding the null hypothesis. f What is the critical value for the test? (Assume ι = 0.05.) cv = 1.7613 g Interpret the meaning of this critical value. If we like to manipulate the type I error to become 0.05 or lesser, then the greatest value for the test should be1.7613. There must be more explanation here.
h Is there sufficient statistical evidence at the 0.05 significance level to reject the null hypothesis? Yes, because the p-value is less than 0.05. i Is this a right-tail test, left-tail test, or two-tail test? Right-tail test 7 Choose one best answer among the given options. a) There are a lot of values b) A range of values is formulated from the given data in order to present the parameyers inside the range at a particular probability: a confidence interval (1) the population parameter (2) a point estimate (3) the mean of the population c) What affects the sample error aside from the standard deviation? a confidence interval (1) the population parameter (2) the point estimate (3) the sample size d) For example, you have 100 sample population, for every sample you establish 95% confidence interval for the mean. WE are right to assume that 95% of the confidence interval is one of the following: (1) a sample mean (2) the population mean (3) a point estimate (4) the standard deviation of the population e) The t-distribution is applied if the population has one of the following aside from having a normal distribution: (1) the population standard deviation is unknown (2) the population standard deviation is known
(3) the mean of the population is unknown (4) the point estimate is known 8 As part of the protocol, the Keystone Police selected 65 ambulances and inspect their tires. The sample mean for this was 32 32 lbs/sq. in. While the standard deviation was 2lbs/sq. in. Get the 98% confidence interval of said population. You may refer to Statdisk. a Confidence Interval: b Margin of Error: c With a larger sample size, would you expect the margin of error to increase or decrease? 9 Get the right and precise response for the following: a) Define correlation analysis b) In what manner that the dependent variable in correlation is being determined? What is the other term for it? c) In what manner that the dependent variable in correlation is being determined? What is the other term for it? Based on the study, the independent variable pertains to the value that can changed and controlled by the research. It is assumable variable in the research. d) Is there causality present on both variables? Explain The relationship of the two variables does not indicate any causality, it only suggests that there is a linear relationship existing in both variables, but does not show any kind of causality. 10 Look for the incorrect portion among the statements below about the coefficient of correlation a) It can cover from -1 to +1. b) The square is the coefficient of identification. c) It pertains to the rate of variation discussed.
d) It is a shows the relationship between two variables. 11 A research was formulated about the automobile speeds of a particular model and the outcome fuel consumption rank. Think that the data provided below was randomly gathered. Refer to the Statdisk in order to answer the statements below. a. Calculate the coefficient thru the Statdisk b. Explain the outcome of your computation Speed MPG 45 33 52 32 49 28 60 26 67 22 61 21 a What is the coefficient or correlation and interpret and define it as well r = -0.877 b What is the coefficient of determination and describe it as well. r2 = 0.769 c Identify the relationship of speed and mpg in layman’s term referring to the result of your computation. It suggests that there is a negative correlation exiting on speed and mpg d What statistic should we use in order to get the variance? 76.9% of can be explained by the regression model. 12 Immediately after the 9-11 incident, America Online conducted a survey about: the reestablishment of World Trade Center. The responses are the following: Yes - 768,731 No -286,756
Too soon to decide The respondents who participate is of large number, is it the representation of the entire US population? 13 What level of measurement should be used on the following: (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) a) The weight of the airplane passengers b) How the doctor describe the following: “abstains from alcohol, light drinker, moderate drinker, heavy drinker” ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ c) The questions about the emotions of people during the day ranging from 1-10 scale d) The following colors: red, blue, white, tan, black, yellow -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MTH 231 Week 5 Team Assignment Hypothesis Testing
For more course tutorials visit www.mth231.com Resources: Ch. 7 and 8 and sections 9-1 and 9-2 in Ch. 9 of the text Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Hypothesis Testing and Correlation Worksheet, located in Week Five of the student website -----------------------------------------------------------------------------