Project Management PhD Research Proposal Sample

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PHD RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project management is an area within organizational theory and practice that is constantly evolving.

In the age of globalization and the overwhelming surplus of supply over demand, companies, institutions and all others have to undertake large-scale actions - projects that mean and make changes to the existing state. As the significance of change and management skills has increased, so the importance of projects has increased. But while the goals announce changes, the projects realize them.

It has to be said that projects always happen as something new. All project activities should, as a rule, be exceptions from what they have seen and done, rarely or rarely in the organization. That's why some think that project management should be treated as a management of exceptions. In this graduate thesis, the area of project management will be dealt with in its widespread contemporary English sense as a whole enterprise and as a means of achieving predetermined goals. Such a project is characterized by a specific project approach to the organization, which will also be explained, and process management and elimination of potential risks to the project. In addition, the work will attempt to discern and explain the methodology and significance of project management in business processes, organization, monitoring, planning and implementation of a project organization's activities, with emphasis on techniques and tools used in the day-to-day work of the project team. Particular attention will be given to the techniques of network planning and the types of organizational structures, and the definition of project objectives and scope of the project, as well as the identification of problems that may arise during project management. Furthermore, the concept of complexity, i.e. complexity of projects, their structure and key parameters will be clarified. In the second part of the paper, more detailed and well-explained network planning techniques will be presented on the real example of a large and complex project, with practical examples, solutions, improvement possibilities, and basic performance criteria for each project, for example, one project management company.

Unlike some other areas in which humanity has been built, the science of project management is relatively young, although retrospectively, they could talk to various historical endeavors, even when building up the Egyptian pyramids or the Chinese wall, in this case, emphasis should be given to the period closer to the past. Project management as a discipline occurs early, and it is in the midst of the twentieth century that bloom itself (most professional articles and texts appear only after 1960.

Although project management as a discipline was recognized only fifteen years ago, projects have always been carried out but with different Special efforts in the development of adequate methodologies that are being recognized today have been made in the 1950s. While in these years the emphasis was on engineering and construction industries, heavy metallurgy and the defense sector (especially in the United States) began with the development of mathematical techniques for managing project projects that are still being exploited today. This aspect of project management relies on

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PHD RESEARCH PROPOSAL ONÂ PROJECT MANAGEMENT operational research and management science, where complex situations have been mathematically dealt with in order to make the appropriate decisions. This mathematical thinking prepossessed all the while ago and the project management has more access from an engineering point of view rather than an economic one. So, there was a need, and the need is precisely the generator of creating not only projects, but also the entire macroeconomic and microsystems. Thus, the projects are everywhere and they all lead or participate in them - however, the area of project management knowledge remains somewhat undiscovered and there are still problems in the projects at places where we least expect them. In the 1950s, the US Navy used modern project management methodologies in its Polaris project.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the US Department of Defense, NASA, and major engineers and construction companies used the principles and tools of "project management" to guide high-budget, planned-managed projects. In the 1980s, software production and development sectors adopt and implement sophisticated knowledge in project management. Until the 1990s, theories, tools and techniques of project management were widely accepted by various organizations and industry branches. Today's very widespread and multifaceted notion of a project, in the global world where English and English-American technical and other cultures have prevailed, most often has the meaning of a pre-conceived or specific, often unique, whole enterprise that it wants and intends to carry out in a specific time and space, for a specific purpose with certain material and financial resources. The project is a time-bound venture undertaken to create a unique product or service. The project has three basic interdependent elements of tasks, resources and time. The word project comes from the Latin word projectum and its derivative of the projector which means - to throw something forward. In essence, the project refers to something that was first created or conceived, and then spatially or temporally directed forward. In our earlier and current technical terminology, as well as in other Slavic and Eastern European peoples, the expressions of the project and design have the significance of the English word design. In this context, the project means a description of what needs to be done, built or produced, and designing means the process of designing a project. In defining the concept of the project, we face a whole series of problems, but this is the case with most expert terms from the scientific field of management and organization. Because the problem of the adequacy of the translation of English terminology, and the inconsistency and overlap in terms of conceptual and semantic meaning, it is first of all to clarify the basic similarities and differences between the project, the process, or the operation. All three of the above state share some common characteristics, ie have a goal and purpose, are performed by people, have limited resources, and are planned, implemented and controlled. Although it is clear that the business process, project and program will define these concepts for further clarification. Contrary to continuous production processes, despite the enormous advancement of computer science and the application of computing, projects still depend on the human factor as a very important participant in the processes from idea to realization of the project. The concept of a project is used to describe the activities that enterprises or organizations do not perform every day, but such activities are carried out occasionally and, if necessary, they are unique and temporary. The term process means a set of daily activities of an organization that continuously and routinely transforms certain organizational inputs into the desired outsourcing. In the military, being a process means a series of repeating activities. The basic difference between the project and the process is in the uniqueness of the project. Similarly, the process has no definite endpoints or clear endpoints, but only an autonomously defined task and work activity. The term program implies planned and organized work that is undertaken for achieving long-term goals and often consists of several relatedÂ

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PHD RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT projects that have a common goal, strategies for achieving them, rules and values. It should also be said that in practice, the program often does not fully achieve its goals, instead the program achieves the goals of individual projects that are complementary to those of the program and organization in which it is implemented. Projects are carried out at all organizational levels. They can include from one to several thousand people. They have a shelf life of several weeks to several years. They can also include from one department of a particular organization to several organizations interconnected by partner relationships or joint ventures. The project can take place in all areas of human activity. It can be talked about projects such as harmonization of laws and regulations with the laws of the European Union, implementation of school reform, modernization of railways, restructuring of the economy, construction of public facilities, reconstruction, landscaping and rehabilitation of illegal construction, waste management, reconstruction and modernization of production, etc. Projects are critical for the realization of organizational strategies because of the fact that they are the means of implementing the strategy, they are trying to overcome the gap between the existing and the desired situation through them. Projects are generally possible in the following business situations: the development of a new product or service; changes in the organizational structure; adoption and development of a new or modified information system; constructing a new plant or factory; the introduction of a new organizational culture; implementing a new business process or process.

Projects may vary depending on the industry branch, objectives, place of performance, size, method of financing, economic efficiency, degree of technology, degree of concretization, and frequency of repetition (for example, one-time and project processes), duration and relation to processes in the enterprise. The projects consist of a wide range of production and service activities. Large objects, such as ships, passenger aircraft and rocket launchers, are produced on a project basis. Each unit is produced as a single product, and the production process is often stationary, so materials and workers must be delivered to the project. It comes to the conclusion that in each project-oriented situation there is someone (a client, a customer or a project sponsor) who has a unique need for something new and some (unfortunately, often indefinite) expectations regarding the result of the project (creation) and someone requires knowledge and resources to realize a specific concept within time, budget constraints and defined output characteristics. Projects encompass a range of intellectual and manufacturing activities such as: development, plan definition, design, procurement, construction - assembly, job management and monitoring, testing and quality control, handover and commissioning.

References Carayanis, E. G., Kwak, Y. H. & Anbari, F. T. (2005). The Story of Managing Projects: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Newell, M. W. (2005). Preparing for the Project Management Professional (PMP) Certification Exam; Third Edition, New York: AMACOM Div. American Mgmt. Assn.

O'Brien, J. J., & Plotnick, F. L. (1999). CPM In Construction Management, New York: McGraw – Hill Professional.

Morris, P. W. G. (1994). The Management of Projects, London: Thomas Telford.