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Volume XVI- Issue 190 February 1-15 , 2011 Published 1st & 15 Each Month Phalconstar.com Greenville, TX Phone (903) 450-1393 Fax (903) 450-1397 1 Year Subscription $45.00
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COVER STORY
Personal Benefits Should Prevail Over Healthcare Reform Banter Royce West Texas Senate SPEC TO PHALCONSTAR NEWS
In recent days we’ve seen the U.S. House of Representatives follow through on some members’ campaign promises by passing a symbolic bill that would repeal the landmark Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. And while Texas has joined 20 other states in suing the federal government claiming the unconstitutionality of the healthcare reform bill passed by Congress last spring, polls now show that more and more Americans are starting to realize that the muchmaligned healthcare law may not be so bad after all. Most would agree that it’s a good thing that children can no longer be denied health insurance due to preexisting conditions. And so far, there’s been no report of seniors returning the $250 checks issued last summer to offset Medicare Part D “donut hole” prescription coverage costs. But in the midst of the partisan rancor, the Texas Department of Insurance (TDI), in its recent report to the Legislature, concluded that the law’s provisions “should make it easier for many low-income Texans to obtain private insurance.” However the help that could be available through the healthcare reform law is not limited to lowincome Texans. Now, young adults up to age 26 can be added to their par-
ents’ employer-based health plans and insurers can no longer impose lifetime or annual benefits caps on subscribers. Texas actually stands to benefit from healthcare reform more than most states. The report says that more than 6.4 million Texans (26.1%) were uninsured throughout 2009. The total for Dallas County for 2007 was even higher at 30.8 percent. The national average is 16.7 percent. Also, fewer Texas residents had private insurance coverage in 2009 (53.8%), than in 2007 (56.9%). And from 2001 - 2009, the number of working Texans with employer-based healthcare coverage dropped by 18 percent. In compiling its report, TDI held statewide focus groups made up of average citizens, small business owners and their employees. Results of these and other studies show that only 34.2 percent of small businesses (2-49 workers) offer healthcare coverage, compared with 94.0 percent of businesses with 50 or more employees. Small business owners and their workers expressed frustration that “average, working, responsible, citizens could not afford insurance coverage.” So while Texas continually boasts of its attractive, business-friendly climate, healthcare coverage for many employees and even small business owners is sorely lacking. For millions of Texas workers at small and large companies alike
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who do not have healthcare coverage, cost was named the most prohibitive factor. Employers also cite the increasing costs of insurance coverage. Cost was identified again as the reason why lower-income families are less likely to be insured. Healthcare law detractors don’t mention the fact that the feds now subsidize small business owners for up to 35 percent of their costs in providing coverage. And come 2014 (God forbid - a successful repeal), the government will help families with incomes from 133 percent to 400 percent of the poverty level with insurance costs through tax credits. Some state leaders who want no part of the new healthcare law would pass on Texas creating its own health insurance exchange that will allow its citizens to comparison shop for the best coverage options. But both advocates and experts say that such a move is not in state’s best interest. Wisely, a Texas House committee chair filed a bill that will establish an exchange. That idea has the support of the Texas Association of Business. Nearly everyone has felt the impact of high healthcare costs. I’d be curious to know just how many of Texas’ 6.4 million uninsured support party-line vows to repeal what some derisively call Obamacare.
Editor In Chief Theresa Thrash Photo Editor Evelyn Allen Writers Angela Arderly Jill Glancy Diana Xavier Distribution Daryl Montgomery Advertising & Promotions (903) 450-1393 Mail Center: The Kuumba Heritage News PO Box 24 Greenville, TX 75403 p (903) 450-1393 f (903) 450-1397 khn@phalconstar.com
Contributing Writers: Gwendolyn Baines Ruby Grant Ryan McCurdy Patricia McCurdy Erin McCurdy Kuumba (koo-ummm-bah) is a swahilli word that means: to be creative. African Americans in the past and, to a great extent, in the present has had to derive and improvise special recreative ways to strive for the right to exist. Therefore, Kuumba represents the blood, sweat, tears and joy we have shared as we grew to know and love our new found land.The Kuumba Heritage News is published by Phalconstar Communications, LCC and reserves all rights to accept or refuse any articles to be printed in any issue of the newspaper. Views and opinions expressed by writers are not necessarily those of the publisher or our advertisers. The Kuumba Heritage News is published bi-monthly (1st & 15th, each month). Letters to the Editor are welcome. Only signed letters will be accepted. The Kuumba Heritage News assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Any use or reproduction in part or whole is forbidden without the express written consent of the publisher. Used under license agreement IDN 13-6401495.
The Kuumba Heritage News
K AESNDOLYN S! E GW N I BA I stayed at home. Now face termination! Dear Gwendolyn: Recently I stayed at home due to snow. My husband is angry because we are having a blizzard and the streets are covered with ice. I explained to him that I am the mother of two small children. I often think about the many people who are killed in a car crash who drive across black ice. My husband wants me to go to work, but I think more about my children and my life. I am not a nurse or any type of position where I would be required to be there - like firemen, nursing home providers … I work at a fast food restaurant and it is important to be there at 4:00 a.m. for the breakfast crowd. My supervisor warned me if I stay at home again due to inclement weather, don’t bother to return. Gwendolyn, what do you think? Annette
Dear Annette: Girl, I am so proud of you and I hope people who feel as your husband will be reminded that there are some people who do not put their life in danger. Let me tell you this: Those who have positions where they must be at work regardless of the weather usually go in before the snow begins. This is uncomfortable, but safe. There is no better place to be but at home when weather prevents you from going to work. You know…to enjoy popcorn and other favorite foods in a warm house, not to mention playing games and watching your favorite movies. But that ideal situation is not always the case for those who must be on the job. I do commend you and the type of job you have comes by the dozen in any city or state. Think about it. You can always find a job --- flipping burgers.
Do you have a son or grandson age 10-17? Help him to choose college - not jail. To order go to website: www.gwenbaines.com or write to her at: P. O. Box 10066, Raleigh, NC 27605-0066 (to receive a reply send a self-addressed stamped envelope) or email her at: gwenbaines@hotmail.com. If you have a problem? “Ask Gwendolyn Baines.”
February 1-15, 2011
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YOUTH & YOUNG ADULT PAGES
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Closet, Accessory Organization 101 News, information and entertainment
FASHION STOP
Erin and Ryan McCurdy - Phalconstar Newspapers
A Look Back At True Matters of the Heart The month of February has been called the “Heart Month” in more ways than one. First, The American Heart Association wants everyone during this month to be aware of heart disease. It is a time to learn about cardiovascular health, risk factors and warning signs of heart attacks and strokes (americanheart.org). This is a very serious and important topic since heart disease ranks as the number one killer disease among men and women in America today (americanheart.org). In addition, The American Heart Association uses this month, Black History Month, as a time to encourage African Americans in particular, to be aware of the risks factors associated with strokes, since the rate of occurrence for strokes is higher in this population than in others (americanheart.org). Thus, it designates February as “ American Heart Month”. Second, on a lighter side, many recognize this month as the “Sweetheart Month” in association with Valentine’s Day. It is a day to honor those we love or care about. It is also a day that usually involves expressions of love through giving tangible gifts of cards, flowers and candy or intangible expressions of love in words or phrases such as “I love you” or “Be Mine”. It is a holiday that all ages can enjoy and celebrate from the very young to the elderly. It is a fun time that usually offers feelings of both inner and outer joy to those who believe that someone loves and adores them. Whether our matters of the heart concerns the well being of our physical health which is of utmost importance or our lighthearted expressions of love in celebrating Valentine’s Day, God’s Divine Plan is concerned with the true matters of the heart. Scripture reminds us that we should keep God’s words in our hearts in all we do. “For I have stayed in God’s paths; I have followed his ways and not turned aside”. “I have not departed from his commands but have treasured his word in my heart” (Job 23:11-12). Finally, awareness of the heart should not only be observed once a year during “Heart Month” or celebrated only on Valentine’s Day. Although the health of our hearts is truly an important and serious matter that should not be taken lightly and Valentine’s Day offers an opportunity for expressions of love, God’s Divine Plan provides that our focus upon the heart should be daily. For our faith in Christ and keeping his words in our hearts is the True Matters of the Heart!
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February 1-15, 2011
Getting organized will make you feel fabulous!!!!! PICTURE COURTESY OF LATINBOSTON.COM
Erin McCurdy GARLAND JOURNAL NEWS
Many women love to shop and take advantage of a good deal or bargain. After all who doesn’t love a bargain, whether it’s buying clothes, shoes, jewelry or anything for that matter. In fact, because of those good deals, many women tend to make purchases on the spur of the moment. Let’s face it ladies, most of us are guilty of this at one time or another. We
all celebrate when we find that terrific piece at a bargain price! However, there is one draw back to this type of shopping. It can sometimes lead to making duplicates purchases. Many of us have found those great deals only to discover later that we already have similar pieces in our closets but forgot we had them. One solution to this type of problem is closet inventory and organization! Yes, inventory and organization!
The Kuumba Heritage News
I know what you’re probably thinking - “Who has time to do a closet inventory let alone organization?” You’re right, it will take a little extra time however the payoff in better utilization and accessibility of your things will be well worth it! The following suggestions will help to get you started in making your clothing and accessories more accessible. First, the most important thing to do is to take inventory of your clothing. For this you will need a camera and an inexpensive photo album. Begin by taking out all of your pieces and looking at them. Then, take it a step further by matching up desired pieces (example match up your pants, skirts and jeans with desired tops or blazers etc.). Last take a picture of each matched outfit, you can even pair up tops with different skirts and bottoms to see all the outfit possibilities! When you’re done matching and taking all the pictures put
them into the photo album. This allows you to see quickly what you have, need or want to get rid of. The next item of focus is shoes. Many of us have no idea of the shoes we have because they are hidden in shoe boxes. To resolve this problem, simply take a picture of each pair of shoes and tape the picture to the outside of the box. This will allow you to see at a glance what shoes you have. The last step is to organize jewelry. For this you will need clear multisectional craft boxes. You can purchase craft boxes at your local craft store. However, 2-3 boxes will be good for getting started. Now separate bracelets, necklaces, watches, earrings, rings, etc. into separate sections of the craft box. Another option is to use a separate box for each category of jewelry (for instance all Contined Page 7
YOUTH & YOUNG ADULT PAGES
Morale Named UT Tyler Registrar
Morale (Above) will oversee all activities related to student academic records and registration, publish class schedules and coordinate commencement activities.
TYLER- Sonja Morale has been named The University of Texas at Tyler registrar, Charlie Hutchins, assistant vice president for enrollment management, marketing and customer service, announced. She has served as interim
since November 2010. Morale will oversee all activities related to student academic records and registration, publish class schedules and coordinate commencement activities. “Sonja is a wonderful addition to the enrollment services management team. She has proven during her interim position that she is capable and innovative as a registrar. During her brief job as interim registrar, she has developed and implemented business process that improved customer service, both internally and externally. I’m looking forward to her leadership to make great things happen at UT Tyler,” said Hutchins. Morale has served at UT Tyler since 2006. She previously served as the associate registrar and as an assistant registrar and recorder at the university. “I am pleased with this Continued Page 11
Garland Black Teachers Group Set to Raise Scholarship Money David Ross GARLAND JOURNAL NEWS
The Garland Area Alliance of Black School Educators GAABSE will present its 9th Annual Scholarship Celebration on Sat., Feb. 19 at 7 pm. at the Hyatt Place Dallas/Garland located at 5101 N. President George Bush Highway in Garland. Tickets to the fundraiser are $45 and creates scholarship money that is awarded to qualified, high school
seniors in GISD pursuing a degree in education. The theme this year is a Mystery Dinner Theater and is guaranteed to be full of mystery and excitement according to a statement by GAABSE vice-president Lauren A. McKinney, M.Ed. Cocktail, after 5 attire is requested. To purchase tickets or make a scholarship contribution please call Dr. Bonnie Barrett or Valerie Nobles at (972) 675-8065.
The Kuumba Heritage News
February 1-15, 2011
Page 5
SCENIC
2011 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Spotlights Future David Ross THE KUUMBA HERITAGE NEWS
Greenville organizers of this year’s Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebrations looked back to the past to bring meaning to the future during its two-day celebration of the civil rights leader last month. Phillip Dukes, President of the NAACP Greenville Branch, said the goal of this year’s celebration is to focus in on this year’s theme which was ‘Preparing for The Future’. The celebration got underway on Sun., Jan. 16 with a memorial service led by Greenville Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance (GIMA) and its president Rev. Brian Keith Thomas at St. John Missionary Baptist Church where the Rev. Dr. Michael A. Jolla is pastor.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade Photos
Photography / Patty Neal
Photography / Patty Neal
Photography / Patty Neal
Photography / Patty Neal Photography / Patty Neal
Keynote speaker Rev. Robert Woodson reminded the audience that Dr. King was not always popular or always welcomed by Black leaders in some cities across America. Woodson
emphasized the need for the Greenville community to speak and work together in agreement to accomplish great and positive goals. His text was taken from Amos 3:3-6.
On Mon. the Martin Luther King Jr. Parade and March spearheaded by the Corporation for Cultural Diversity for Greenville started at the Downtown Market Square and traveled west through downtown ending at the Reecy Davis Rec Center on Lee Street. Parade grand marshals
Photography / Patty Neal
Photography / Patty Neal
were the Carver High School Tigers, Class of 1954 Football team and coach Clell Davidson along with Jr Grand Marshall, 2010-11 GHS Flash Colonel, Chelsie Wilkerson and Greenville High School’s first African American Flaming Flash Colonel, Mrs. Manette Fitzpatrick Bracy, class of 1978.
The Grand marshals were followed by a diverse makeup of ministers of the GIMA and Greenville Ministerial Alliance, phalanxes of the Greenville High school marching band, ROTC units, Boy Scouts, Cub Scouts, drill teams, auto clubs, elected officials, other dignitaries and other community organizations. All were either marching, riding in vehicles, atop motorcycles, on floats and in fire trucks. Mayor Pro-Tem Betty Franklin presented a plaque to Councilwoman Hattie Tennison recognizing Tennison’s efforts in working to raise the profile of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd along a the stretch of Interstate -30 that runs through Greenville. Following the parade a Youth Extravaganza program was held inside the Continued Page 12
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February 1-15, 2011
The Kuumba Heritage News
SCENIC
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade Photos
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Photos
To everyone who participated Monday, January 17, 2011 in the Annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade and to our co- sponsors, thank you so much for your dedication and support in celebrating the legacy and the memory of Dr. King.
Photography / Kuumba Heritage
Photography / Patty Neal
Thank you again for your dedication in helping to make the Martin Luther King Jr. Parade a success. As always we look forward to even more participation next year. We invite anyone interested in participating in the Corporation for Cultural Diversity for Greenville, Texas to attend one of our meetings which are held the last Monday of each month at Wesley United Methodist Church. For more information or questions call Dan Perkins at 903-454-6688 or write to P.O. Box 876, Greenville, Texas 75403-0876
Photography / Kuumba Heritage
Photography / Patty Neal
Closet, Accessory Organization 101
From Page 4
bracelets together or all earrings together, etc.). The clear box as well as the sectionals allows you to see exactly what pieces you have as well as
keeping them sorted! Finally, when you’re done with your closet inventory and organization you’ll be happy that your clothes and accessories are more acces-
sible. You’ll also be happy that you now have space for that fantastic bargain you’ve just found! ++
NAACP
GREENVILLE BRANCH
STANDING UP FOR YOU SINCE 1909!
GET INVOLVED - MAKE A DIFFERENCE The NAACP is the nation’s oldest civil rights organization. This organization has impacted America’s history and is making contributions to its future. The primary goal of the NAACP is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons. The Greenville NAACP meets the third Thursday of each month. Location - 1402 Clark St. - Annex Building of Clark Street Christian Church. The meeting starts at 6:pm. Greenville Branch President Phillip Dukes
The Kuumba Heritage News
February 1-15, 2011
Page 7
COED
Arts & Entertainment, Education, Health, Style
Greenville’s Black History Born in the Midst of The Devil’s Triangle Will Hobdy PHALCONSTAR NEWS
Taylor, an author and history research firm executive serves as the Chairman of the Hunt County Historical Commission. photgraphy/THE KUUMBA HERITAGE NEWS
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February 1-15, 2011
Carol Taylor is as grandmotherly as any grandmother. She’s as educated as any scholar and as energized as any bunny. She is as sharp as any Allpro Super Bowl quarterback and as doggedly diligent as any gum-shoe investigator. And, when it comes to storytelling she could make an old African Griot blush from ear-to-ear. Taylor, an author and history research firm executive who has two degrees in education and a Master’s degree in history is the Chairman of the Hunt County Historical Commission.
Her latest book which she co-authored with Dr. James Smallwood and Dr. Ken Howell is called “The Devil’s Triangle: Northeast Texas, Ben Bickerstaff and the War of Reconstruction.” Taylor sat in the offices of Phalconstar Newspapers recently to discuss her new book and to share with us her take on East Texas’ Black history. Long before there was a “Flats”, “Coon Town”, “Dark Town” or “College Hill” in Greenville there was Indian prairie and rolling grassland. Little more than a village comprised of a hand full of whites in the 1840’s, the town advanced to an official “mud hole” in the
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1850’s. Census data records indicate that there were zero Black folk, free or slave in town. Leading up to the Civil War and throughout the 1860’s African Americans began to come into the area. Some were in search of refuge and freedom, and others, according to Taylor were brought here by slave owners fleeing from Southern States as the Civil War approached their homelands. One by one and two-bythree they trickled into East Texas. So few, that most lived in the big house with their holders. Interestingly enough, after the Civil War many of these former slave owners
simply abandoned their former slaves and returned back to their farms and plantations in other Southern States. “They were left to fend for themselves,” says Taylor. “Many of these were just kids and were left as orphans.” Her eyes tear and she slides back in her chair. The subjugation and marginalization inflicted upon the area’s newly freedmen, women and children was without limit. “The Devil’s Triangle: Northeast Texas, Ben Bickerstaff and the War of Reconstruction” details cases of shootings, lynchings, rapes and murders Continued Next Page
Arts & Entertainment, Education, Health, Style
Greenville’s Early Black History From Page 8
by so called devils like Ben Bickerstaff and Bob Lee who ruled the air of Greenville and inspired it’s various Klan groups. While Taylor’s book will not bring you into the modern era because it mostly deals with Reconstruction through about 1877, the outlines of the Devil’s Triangle can still be traced on a modern map. It begins in Grayson County and comes down through Collin County and what is today Rockwall County. It proceeds south to Kaufman and Navarro County. Then it turns East through Henderson, Smith, Upshur, Mario and Cass counties. Then
back Northwest through Bowie and along the Red River through Red River, Lamar and Fannin Counties. Hunt, Hopkins, and Titus Counties lie in its midst. Greenville’s Black history, according to Taylor, has a fair share of whites who fought for justice and equality or something close to it for African Americans in the 1860’s and 1870’s. One such man detailed was District Judge Hardin Hart who was murdered for trying to protect freedmen from bodily harm. His mother and widow witnessed his murder. Taylor also tells the story of a young 17 year-old, Finley Graham, who infiltrated
COED
Greenville Klan gangs in the 1860’s. During the 1880’s Greenville’s prospects for prosperity soared as railroad, power and light and running water technology came to town. Although it was an unequal partnership between the city’s Black and white communities, the depression era of the 1890’s saw African Americans fall further behind. In her research, Taylor says she discovered all sorts of one sided contracts written by white men to maintain control of the Black and poor among the populace. “Sharecropping and tenant Continued Page 12
The Kuumba Heritage News
February 1-15, 2011
Page 9
FAITH
Unity/Diversity, local houses of worship, Co-ED
Quotes by Dr. Martin Luther King: Compiled by Leslie England
“I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great a burden to bear.” “Life’s most persistent and urgent question is ‘What are you doing for others?” “An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of humanity.” “Like an unchecked cancer, hate corrodes the personality and eats away its vital unity. Hate destroys a man’s sense of values and his objectivity. It causes him to describe the beautiful as ugly and the ugly as beautiful, and to confuse the true with the false and the false with the true.” “Nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. Man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.” “The church must be reminded that it is not the master or the servant of the state, but rather the conscience of the state. It must be the guide and the critic of the state, and never its tool. If the church does not recapture its prophetic zeal, it will become an irrelevant social club without moral or spiritual authority.” “And there can be no great disappointment where there is not great love. I am disappointed with our failure to deal positively and forthrightly with the triple evils of racism, economic exploitation, and militarism. We are presently moving down a dead-end road that can lead to national disaster. America has strayed to the far country of racism and militarism. The home that all too many Americans left was solidly structured idealistically; its pillars were solidly grounded in the insights of our Judeo-Christian heritage. All men are made in the image of God. All men are brothers. All men are created equal. Every man is an heir to a legacy of dignity and worth, Every man has rights that are neither conferred by, nor derived from the State- they are God-given. Out of one blood, God made all men to dwell upon the the face of the earth. What a marvelous foundation for any home! What a glorious and healthy place to inhabit. But America has strayed away, and this unnatural excursion has brought only confusion and bewilderment. It has left hearts aching with guilt and minds distorted with irrationality.” “Some of us who have already begun to break the silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony. But we must speak. We must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak.” “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.” “We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.”
Page 10
February 1-15, 2011
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GOD’S PLAN FOR SAVING MAN
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Library to Offer Black History Month Programs GREENVILLE- As part of Black History Month, the Walworth Harrison Public Library will offer two interesting programs for the public. On Feb. 14, during the Hunt County Genealogy Society Meeting, Gwendolyn M. Lawe of the A.C. McMillan African American Museum in Emory will speak on two topics: the museum’s ongoing project entitled “Pioneer African American Families of Rains County” and her new book on her family’s genealogy, and the history of African Americans
(and the education system) in her hometown of Emory, Texas. This program will be at 6:30pm. The second program will be on Mon., Feb. 28th at 6:30pm. Dr. Steven Short, Professor of History at Collin College will speak on African Americans in the Civil War which is this year’s theme for Black History Month. Both programs are free and open to the public. For more questions, please call Sylvia Rodriguez at 903-457-2992.
Morale Named UT Tyler Registrar From Page 5
opportunity to serve the students, faculty and staff of UT Tyler and will continue to work every day to improve the quality of that service,” she said. Morale holds a bachelor of science degree from the University of Houston and is a current student in the UT Tyler master of science in human resource development program. Her professional memberships include the American and Texas Associations of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers. One of the 15 campuses of the UT System, UT Tyler offers excellence in teaching, research, artistic performance and community service. More than 80 undergraduate and graduate degrees are available at UT Tyler, which has an enrollment of more than
6,400 high-ability students at its campuses in Tyler, Longview and Palestine.
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February 1-15, 2011
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COMMUNITY
2011 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration From Page 6
Reecy Davis Rec Center. The program featured the VFW honor guard, the North Greenville Community Association Youth Choir and the installation of Greenville Branch NAACP elected officers. Dr. Michael A. Jolla, pastor of St. John Missionary Baptist Church presided. The program included
oratory youth performances by Ellie Fields and Abbey Fields, a praise dance presentation by M&M Praise and speaking by Tyrik Anderson. All of the events were free including a barbeque sandwiches and refreshments sponsored by the youth of Wesley United Methodist Church.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Photos
Carolyn “Polly” Blaylock of the Greenville Community Choir. Photography / KUUMBA HERITAGE
The celebration got underway on Sun., Jan. 16 with a memorial service led by Greenville Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance (GIMA) Keynote speaker was Rev. Robert Woodson. Photography / KUUMBA HERITAGE
Early Black History From Page 9
farming were about the only industry open to Blacks,” says Taylor. “I found some documents where the interest rates and lending cost were also higher for [unprotected] women like widows and singles.” The 1900’s through the 1910’s were much the same with cotton running five cents a pound and World War I on the horizon. The city reached another zenith when in 1913-1914; it hosted the State reunion of confederate veterans. Klan gangs and white supremacy ideology would continue to dominate city hall into the roaring 1920’s and depressing 1930’s even as its dominance as the King of Cotton in Texas began to dwindle. Shackles of physically applied white supremacy would yield somewhat during the World War II years of the 1940’s and enlightenment for Greenville’s African American population continued ushering in just as it was nation-
ally. The 1950’s came with small farms for many African Americans in the area and was followed by further advancements made during the 1960’s civil rights movement. It was also a period that brought the majority of Texas’ African Americans into Kennedy-Johnson Democrat Party who up until then had been loyal to the party of Lincoln- the Republican Party. The 1970’s would see the rise and fall of affirmative action followed by the 1980’s Reagan Revolution that brought the majority of Texas’ white population into the ranks of the Republican Party. Even with the economic excesses and technological advances of the 1990’s and the election of an African American President in the 2008, economic, judicial and healthcare inequalities in Northeast Texas are still rampant. “Even now, Reconstruction remains incomplete,” said Taylor. ++
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February 1-15, 2011
The Kuumba Heritage News