WORKSHOP ON WATER: REMEDIATING VACANT LANDSCAPES

[Out of 17.464 ha total area 1195 ha is derelict & urban vacant land]

[WOW] Authors: Laura Petruskeviciute Paulina Naruseviciute Editor: Paulina Naruseviciute University of Strathclyde Dept of Architecture, Pg. Dip Advanced Architecture Studies Tutor: Dr. Cristian Suau All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, unless agreed with the authors.

All the images, photographs & text are produced by the authors unless stated and it is prohibited to use any information without our permission.

URBAN RESTART www.urbanrestart.wordpress.com 2015

[WORKSHOP

ON WATER] REMEDIATING VACANT LANDSCAPES

LAURA PETRUSKEVICIUTE PAULINA NARUSEVICIUTE

Photo: http://www.falkirklocalhistorysociety.co.uk/home/index. php?id=103 [Accessed 26.05.2015] 6

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MOBILELAND Glasgow taking over vacant site in Glasgow South side and creating public space as well as a testbed for architecture students to experiment with their designs.

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Unable to take over vacancy

OK

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CONTENT

Content ....................................................................... 11 Introductory word ...................................................... 13 1. REDUCE/REMAKE/ INTERACT WHAT IS [WOW]?

Aims & Goals .............................................................. 18 School model .............................................................. 20 2. CHANGING MINDSETS WHY/DOES COMMUNITY NEEDS [WOW]?

Does community need DIY spaces: questions and answers to ourselves.................................................. 24 ‘What floats your boat’ design charrette................... 26 Who we built for: target groups ................................. 34 CEPELINA ARTSHIP public discussion: temporary use commodity or luxury, necessity or desire ?........................................................................ 36 3. LOCATE WHERE [WOW IS LOCATED] ?

Why Forth & Clyde canal ........................................... 42 Historic conditions .................................................... 44 Canal width ................................................................ 48 Site accessibility ........................................................ 50 Site crossovers .......................................................... 52

Site topography ......................................................... 54 Site functional usage ................................................ 56 Where to place [WOW]: Index map ............................ 58 Masterplan ................................................................. 62 4. INTERPRET & TRANSFORM HOW TO “WOW’ ON THE GROUND? Choose your module................................................... 66 Choose your land........................................................ 76 Choose your facade.................................................... 78 Choose your frame system ........................................ 96 Insulation system ....................................................... 98

5. INCORPORATION HOW DOES “WOW” INTEGRATES INTO THE CITY NETWORK? “nothing today can exists on its own” Harvest Map “ Glasgow commons” ........................ 102 Actionplan ................................................................. 104 Temporary use protocol............................................ 107 5 year integration plan: from disorder to self-organisation........................... 108 6. APPENDIX “WOW “ inspirational network................................. 112 Climatic Analysis ...................................................... 114 Bibliography .............................................................. 122

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INTRODUCTION

SPACE IS A NECESSITY NOT A LUXURY. The previous “Atlas of Vacancy” introduces the problem of incredible amount of derelict and vacant land scattered around Glasgow. This problem results in many issues: such as health decile, safety, poverty and crime.

At the moment Glasgow City Council has introduced the plan which allows communities to get a small amount of money to develop the eyesore land bits around their neighbourhoods into gardens, playgrounds or art spaces. However, talking from our experience, for the person who is not experienced in such ‘business’ and paperwork, the process of getting the land, funding and tools will seem too complicated.

Our role is to act as a mediating agent and ease the process of temporary occupation. During the first semester we aimed to create toolkits and a database which would allow people to see the derelict spaces, existing similar projects and cheap or free of charge materials at one glance. During the next half a year we are using this database for our design purposes. This semester we were in search of affordable production and workspaces which would allow people to remain in the city and start or continue their activities here. We created the school which offers experimental design techniques in order to inhabit vacant landscapes.

However, temporary architecture we offer is a temporary solution and testing ground for permanent projects.

The magazine has 5 topics.

1.The first one gives a glance for the reader to our proposal.

2.The second one explains why we are introducing temporariness as a solution.

3.The third chapter introduces the reader to the research and analysis of the specific site we are indicating as a starting point of the project.

4. The 4th chapter focuses on the design techniques and methodologies .

5. The last paragraph presents our view how we see the project working within the wider city infrastructure and cultural/business framework . As well as it presents our expectations in terms of project development.

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REDUCE/REMAKE INTERACT

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BRIDGING THE GAPS: [WOW] WORKSHOP ON WATER

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WOW (Workshop On Water) is an instrument to reactivate vacant and derelict land, the school which plants a seed for temporary architecture culture in Glasgow.

The starting point of the WOW is Forth & Clyde canal (Glasgow Branch) which previously was highly industrial and now there are vast areas of the land left vacant. Water allows the school move freely from one place to another in order to activate bigger area faster. WOW units sit on the canal based on intensive functional uses in the area and their influence zones defined according to Voronoi diagram. The usage influence zone, topographical conditions and accessibility defines units’ locations (stop points) on the canal. The active and pre-organised units ( Art Incubator, PlayPod unit, Control Station and Culture Kitchen) are on the water, however they are prototypes of rentable units which can go on any site . They can be rented or easily constructed by community or any individual.

The structure of the unit is based on modular pieces which are easy to construct and can be prefabricated off site. This allows WoW to work in other cities and countries too. The facade can be picked from the facade library- Harvest Map. Facade materials are recyclables and up-cycled waste or industrial products.

For WoW to work in full power and programme, the digital management and control system is created which allows people to book units for certain events as well as feed in information about available physical and digital resources and existing collaborative networks.

WoW prescribed plan is 5 years after which temporary use should be integrated and be a part of permanent planning. Furthermore, the mobile units stay and promote self-organized DIY spaces culture. The Floating school moves to other canal/ river in other city or country.

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AIMS|GOALS

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SCHOOL MODEL playpod unit is teaching and design space - the school is a way of promoting Mobile Culture around the city in order to inhabit non-spaces - derelict and vacant land, Mobile culture needs to be supported by governmental and commercial institutions to work successfully. Glasgow’s Stalled Spaces programme is already a start and proposed school acts as a mediator between communities and institutions. Proposed school offers various programmes for different age of people who is given tasks to create their desired landscape/ architectural interventions within the limits of available funding with the help of creative industry professionals.

Students possibly could be employed if projects from private investors would be offered. For example, if any commercial business owner owns the piece of disused land and would like it to be bring back into temporary use, WOW would be able to help

art incubator Culture Incubator is an intense cultural program. The Art Plan is set by the project curators.

The programme is focusing on remake/ recycle/ up-cycle culture promotion. Recycled music, art cinema ideas are welcomed here.

The boat offers summer residency for selected artists who would have an opportunity to work together with the school groups.

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control station is a workstation which works collaboratively with universities and new entrepreneurs who are interested in developing temporary use projects across the town.

They are developing apps and Harvest Map and looks for the methods to increase participation.

They carry out the research into the formation of social networks and how these can be put to work for the school‘s agenda.

They explore participatory gateways between the local physical realm and digital space.

Core activities: -looking for permanent links with other prototypes and integration into global community -mapping, developing the Harvest Map -looking for ways to integrate communities and increase participation -looking at the business plan Plug-ins: One of the main activities to be developed will be workshops, designed to promote participation.

Some of the workshops will deal with introducing the tools and proposed issues to the public.

culture kitchen is a unit which promotes food culture . It is a street kitchen /bar which seeks to bring people into an area to rest and have dinner on a water.

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CHANGING MINDSETS

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DOES COMMUNITY NEED DIY SPACES?

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TO OURSELVES -Does community need DIY spaces?

- You never know until you try.

We (Paulina & Laura) are initial team members and student leader of MOBILELAND project in Glasgow which seeks to create mobile art and green spaces. Throughout this project which is already on site for one year, we have realised how hard is to get community engagement and how much time and efforts it takes. People very often thinks that they can’t do certain things. But it is just because they have never tried. We as an architects have to create opportunities and let people see what is possible as well as to shake peoples‘ imagination of what space could be and what activities could happen.

DIY spaces and the architectural solutions we are looking for, offers a cheap working spaces for artists and other creatives. As we know the art community on Glasgow is well established. Glasgow has produced a generation of artists who are winning an incredible number of awards and nominations.

Art is important part of the city. Vise versa, for artist city is important part of their creative process. Artists have always found a room in the city, which is often in decline, where industry and infrastructure have been neglected.

Here art creates additional activities and gives forgotten places new meanings or even identities.

-Will the proposal work in this space and will it have a success?

- You never know until you try.

How to measure success?

None of the community consultation will answer this questions because community is much bigger than the one which comes to the meetings. Also the word “community“ is wide: local residents, businessmen, industries, artists or international community which is keen on creating and supporting DIY spaces..

People often are afraid of seeing their environment changing, but once they see it nicer than it was and see benefits of it they start to engage and give their support.

The advantage of temporariness is that it is not defined how long it is going to last. It can last one day or 10 years. That is probably how you would measure the success. Will the project will be accepted and inhabited or it will be rejected.

Temporary use is a testbed for a successful permanent projects too as well as it has an impact on peoples’ mind about what can space be.

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WHAT FLOATS YOUR BOAT

WOODSIDE-FIRHILL-HAMILTONHILL CHARRETTE The study area is centred on the canal corridor from Firhill Basin to Applecross and includes the Woodside, Firhill and Hamiltonhill communities.

Local residents, business owners, landowners, representatives of the council and other agencies are invited to attend these sessions, to explore the future development and improvement opportunities for this area. Together they also came up with an agreed plan for how the area should change in future The main thoughts which cought us during the charrette was that people are concerned about damaging the landscape with the buildings and destroying the wilderness. However, residents were saying that activities for them and their kids are missing. Canal feels unsafe and dead just now.

At the moment there is an ongoing masterplan for the Speirs Locks with culture and art at its heart . Speirs Locks area is already home to Scottish Opera, National Theatre of Scotland, Glasgow Academy of Music, Theatre & Arts and the Tollhouse Studios. The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama has just established a new campus.

Therefore, our proposal looks at the ways to enhance existing and future environment. Benefit both : public and private land.

Speirs Locks Visual ; www.scottishcanals.com [Accessed 26.05.2015]

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STRENGTHS

-Proximity to the city Centre and West end -Rich biodiversity and wildlife at Clay Pits -Applecross basin- heritage value -Vacant spaces are in public ownership -Established community (Friends of Possilpark, Depot Arts, Queens Cross Housing Association, Whiskey Bond‌) -Development of Firhill basins -Strong connection to Ruchill park -Views to West end from Clay Pits -Established routes in the Clay Pits area, however they needs to be tidied up to make them safe -New housing scheme (Maryhill Locks )is coming up which would increase the population -Fishing within the area -Clay Pits are used by kids and families during the workshops organized by Community 28

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WEAKNESSES

-Access, canal is a barrier to move from Firhill to Hamilton Hill -Bridges (requires 3.5 m above the water for boat to pass, drawbridge needs to be operated by someone which requires person to be on site constantly) -Wheelchair access, steep topography -Pylons- development constrain -Low income area -New housing schemes appears but there are no other facility within the area, nowhere to go -No facilities for young people -Dangerous at night, no lighting -Flooding puts people off to use space around the canal -Canal area has no identity

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OPPORTUNITIES

-Applecross has cycle hire -More access to water for children to feel water -Clay pits could be used for outdoor classroom -Improved access would create business opportunity -Strengthening the link between canal and Woodside -Two new health centres- opportunity to connect them -Green space is blank canvas for access development -Heritage of the water ( connection from Queens cross to C.R. Mackintosh church) -New facilities could encourage culture change in the area -Poor play space with the area -Poor green space -Green space development and linking to the canal 30

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OPPORTUNITIES

SUMMARY During the design charrette several points were raised and supported by majority: - Clay Pits has to stay informal park with its wildlife in it. However, the paths, access and surrounding of the canal needs to be improved as the fishermen, school-kids and cyclist often use the area and it cannot be left dangerous to walk on and un-tidy.

-The population and interest in the area is dramatically increasing. Summer festivals for community organized by Friends of Possilpark used to attract 50-60 people now it attracts over 600.

-Access from Firhill to Woodside needs to be established. However, there is a design issue of the bridges which requires to be over 3.5 m which means a ramp or the lift for the wheelchair access needs to be established. Disadvantage of the drawbridge is the manually controlled system which would disturb activities on the water.

- There is a growing population within the area and new housing schemes prepared. However, there is a lack of facilities, leisure centres and places for the young people.

- Housing cannot be built around the canal as it would intervene the wildlife.

-Firhill basin is the birds corridor.

-Social ecology is important. Landscape linked to the people - Balanced canal development

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FUTURE SCENARIO WORKSHOP: FUTURE SCENARIO Attendees were split into groups and had to imagine the area after 15 years. The driver for the future scenario was given to each group: -The development is driven by ACCESS AND LINKS -HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT -ART, CULTURE AND CREATIVITY -BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY -ECONOMY AND BUSINESS

ART-OPIA Future scenario in our group was influenced by ART & CULTURE. The driver of the masterplan was Creative Scotland plan for the forthcoming 10 years which manifest “ Everyone is an artist�. Therefore, we proposed the development of the Whiskey bond and Glue Factory artists scene to spillover on the Clay pits site. The site becomes temporary sculpture park. Also, as more housing is getting built within the area , new secondary school is getting built which uses the Clay Pits site for their workshops and outdoor teaching.

In 2015 Art is in every house. Anyone can held an open exhibition at their flat or have a pop up event.

The connection between new healthcare centre in Firhill and Woodside community is established.

Therapeutic gardens take over the vacant land next to Health Centre.

Chinese culture is very dominant in the area as there are a lot of Chinese people living in Woodside now.

Existing Chinese Supermarket develops into China Town.

Canal becomes a tourist attraction spot. Here not local but international artists have a chance to present their work. The floating gallery/cinema provides cultural and leisure activities.

Parkour course runs from the canal to city centre.

New lighting strategy embedded into the ground surface lits the path around the canal.

Firhill stadium becomes the main business district and is also used for the big art and design events.

The giant movie screen is introduced on the stadium creating a drive in and boat in cinema .

Community involvement and constant consultations are essential in the development in the area.

COMMENTS: -bringing lots of people into the area would destroy wildlife of the Clay Pits

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OUR TARGET GROUPS Our target groups are the first one which we anticipate to involve in the planned temporary activities.

Queens Cross HA

Possil Clay Pits Ellesmere Entrance

Depot Arts Possilpark Healthcare Centre

New NHS centre

Applecross

Whiskey Bond

Glue Factory

WOW Important Actors WOW makes synergies Establishes organistions could possible expansion through interim use Established Networks

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CEPELINA ARTSHIP

PUBLIC DISCUSSION: TEMPORARY USE COMMODITY OR LUXURY, NECESSITY OR DESIRE?

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CEPELINA ARTSHIP is a reusable multipurpose space created by Urban Restart team . It is made out of 1 polyethylene roll, masking tape and industrial fan using 1960s art & architecture collective Ant Farm “ Inflatocookbook” instructions .

emphasis on the sustainability and dynamics of the space and events as well as design . Artist village is proposed to be built out of inexpensive partially do-it-yourself materials which will ensure low rent prices and ever changing façade which will be created by tenant.

The 6mx6m bubble landed on MOBILELAND site as a classroom and cinema space.

The videos presented our view of “ changing mindsets” from the early age. Proving that not being afraid of having idea and fulfilling it and learning to work collaboratively brings the benefit later on in forming creative communities which are able to inhabit spaces.

During the class our team raised a question if DIY spaces are needed in Glasgow. We presented two videos: 1. “Playing for life” which tells a story about Kolle 37-adventurous playground in Berlin. The playground was set up in 1990 started of with a play-bus traveling around neighbourhood, ended up with 4000 sqm play space where kids can built their own huts, watch and work with animals or just play. No parents are allowed on the playground. Internal rules and kids committee are established to control the behaviour of the youth community. Here kids learn to build what they dream of and work collaboratively.

2. “Holzmarkt” video presents the other project in Berlintemporary use masterplan. Instead of selling one of the best sites next to river Spree to anonymous developer, for a standard package of offices/shops and apartments Berlin municipal decided to develop business alliance with local creatives, residents and investors for a variety of mixed uses. Holzmarkt village will include a nightclub, a public park formed by the community, a hotel, village of artist studios, a restaurant and 24- hour daycare centre. The leases of the rent will vary from 3 months to 10 years to keep the place fresh but also ensure stability. The village puts a significant

During the discussion was agreed that DIY spaces work and brings benefits. However, are they necessity or desire, luxury or commodity? Yes, activation of the landscape is not the biggest issue in the cities and people does think of “ how to pay their taxes first” as someone has mentioned. But in the city like Glasgow, where vacant land is twice as much in a whole Scotland and poverty level is high, it is crucial to look at the environment and surroundings of such areas, because they can benefit the people.

Now municipal looking at beautifying the landscape with community growing schemes, playgrounds and art spaces.

This already brings benefit, as neglected spaces becomes safer and healthier. The second stage, would be to look at looser temporary planning regulations and licensing in order to allow people earn some money with their temporary activities. Money making would generate stimulus in more people using derelict land.

To finish up, we cannot claim that DIY spaces are necessity but it can definitely bring benefits, improve communities and the image of the city.

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The 6mx6m bubble landed on MOBILELAND site as a classroom and cinema space.

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LOCATE

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ZONE C

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SITE [C] Around 35.966 ha is derelict & vacant land for the area of 195 ha.

Largest ratio of abandonment among all analysed sites ADVANTAGES +Located at New Neighbourhood Area +Awaiting for new masterplan approval. +Low carbon emission PROBLEMS -Low employment, jobless rate of 25 % -Security concerned area -Worst health decile -Population tends to decrease and it is low -Low number of children (11-15 % per ha), 2 key play areas.

-deprived

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HISTORIC CONDITIONS

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HISTORIC CONDITIONS

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CANAL WIDTH ANALYSIS

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ACCESSIBILITY

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CANAL CROSSOVERS

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SITE TOPOGRAPHY

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SITE FUNCTIONAL USAGE

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INDEX MAP DEVELOPMENT

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INDEX MAP

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Index Map-Is a map which indicates the best locations of WOW intervention along the canal. It is based on overlay of different site analysis which looks at topography, accessibility, history, canal width and dominant regions of functional uses in the area.

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PROPOSED MASTERPLAN

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INTERPRET TRANSFORM

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CHOOSE YOUR MODULE CORE

CORE UNITS

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ATTACHABLES

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RENTABLES

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CHOOSE YOUR LAND

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WATER ACTIVATION

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VACANT LAND ACTIVATION

VACANT BUILDINGS ACTIVATION

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE Harvest Map is an idea by Rotterdam based architects group Superuse. We have started creating Harvest map for Glasgow where ideally you would be able to find cheap or free of charge materials and leftovers from construction sites. Those materials would be used for our facade and interior construction.

https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zC2RsCQI43S0.kll-SVuNZfF 78

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE YOUR FACADE

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CHOOSE CHOOSE YOUR YOUR FRAME FRAME SYSTEM SYSTEM

1:50

Two types of frames are introduced in order to match the common sizes of found elements as well as reduce waste of structural materials as the module are based on standard sizes of timber elements and boards.

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CHOOSE YOUR INSULATION

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INCORPORATION INTEGRATION

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HARVEST MAP GLASGOW COMMONS Harvest Map ‘ Glasgow Commons’ is a part of 5th year architectural thesis project by Laura Petruskeviciute and Paulina Naruseviciute.

Harvest map is an urban tool which shows available sources in a proximity of a planned construction site. However, we consider that harvest map could become a tool for every citizen enabling them to manipulate their environment in vacant and derelict sites around Glasgow. To achieve that, it is important to track not only materials or energy flows, but also existing networks and collaborations as well as previous use of site.

Multi-layering of different information would enable its users to create not only the most efficient decisions while sourcing their project, but also to create socially sustainable and attractive projects while connecting back to existing networks.

It aims to indicate : - vacant & derelict sites ( in 5 priority zones only) - previous use of site - land ownership - available materials network - existing networks/possible collaborators It is a dynamic data base which is changing with urban environment and conditions. Ideally the web platform should be accessible for various groups of people to add information while expanding the overall network.

Land typologies: Vacant Land - In general terms vacant land is previously developed land, without physical constraint, which the Planning Authority has indicated is currently available for redevelopment.

Derelict Land - In general a site can be classed as derelict if it is on previously developed land, which has a physical constraint caused by its previous use, which hampers its redevelopment or naturalisation.

Legend: Vacant- blue Derelict-purple Not known- red

Bibliography: Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey 2013 ( available at :http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/ Planning/Publications/SVDLSMaps13) Statistical Bulletin Planning Series ( available at: http://www. scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0044/00444542.pdf) Website : ‘Understanding Glasgow’ ( available: http://www. understandingglasgow.com/indicators/environment/urban_ land_use/introduction) John R. Hume, ‘ Industrial Archaeology of Glasgow’, (Glasgow: Blackie, 1974)

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ACTIONPLAN Actionplan explains the programme during the day and week.

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Outdoor furniture we made just out of scrap pallets. The only one thing to pay were the nails.

Now the chair “Romancer” and “Pet Shop Toy” are placed in Rose garden , South side of Glasgow and please the community !

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TEMPORARY CITY PROTOCOL

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URBAN SIMULATION 5 YEAR PLAN FROM DISORDER TO SELF-ORGANIZATION| FROM VACANT TO OCCUPIED The duration of prototype is proposed to be 5 years. During this period project will have 4 PHASES. I PHASE ‘RAISING AWARENESS’ Pilot projects are placed on the most suitable sites along the canal as indicated in previous research. These projects aims to cultivate interest and raise awareness through proposed events and activities gathering around as much as possible users.

II PHASE ‘ACTIVE PARTICIPATION’ Pilot projects starts to be used on daily basis by community members and other people around on daily basis. Empowered users starts to see the potential on D&V site in their neighborhoods .

III PHASE ‘ SPILLOVER TO OTHER SITES’ Pilot projects ‘replicants’ are built on other sites to sustain the activities.

IV PHASE ‘ SELF- ORGANIZATION’ After period of 5 years there a two possibilities for pilot project to operate: a. it can move to heal other sites b. it can be recycled creating a minimal impact to environment Pilot project aims to leave behind self-managed system of D&V sites use benefiting environment and people not only living around but also attracting a wider audience as well.

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APPENDIX

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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS

Climatic Analysis was made in order to define Actionplan (pp.105) .

Weather condiions dictated the outdoor and indoor activities.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Awan, N. ,Schneider,T and Till, J. Spatial Agency Other Ways Of Doing Architecture.(London and New York: Routledge 2011) Bishop,P. and Williams, L., The Temporary City. (London and New York: Routledge, 2012) Chtcheglov,I. Formulary for a new urbanism,1953, Available at: http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/Chtcheglov.htm [Accessed : 26 May 2015] Ed van Hinte, Peeren.C., Jongert.J. Superuse, 010 Publishers, 2007 Oswalt,P. , Overmeyer, K. and Misselwitz,P. Urban Catalyst The Power Of Temporary Use, (Berlin: DOM Publishers, 2013) raumlaborberlin, Art City Lab: New Spaces for Art, (Berlin, Jovis, 2015) Senatsverwaltung fuer Stadtentwicklung Berlin and jovis Verlag Gmb. Urban Pioneers, Temporary Use and Urban Development in Berlin. (Bilingual edition, Berlin: Jovis, 2007) Trancik R. Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986) Tristan M., Raw+ Material= Art: Found,Scavenged and Upcycled (London:Thames & Hudson, 2012) Villagomez E., ‘Claiming residual spaces in the heterogeneous city’. In: Jeffrey Hou Insurgent Public Space. Guerrilla Urbanism and the Remaking of Contemporary Cities (London: Routledge, 2010) pp 81-95.

Wodiczko K., Critical Vehicles. (London, The MIT Press, 1998) Reports Glasgow city council website: Available at: www.glasgow.gov.uk/stalledspaces [Accessed 26 Mayl 2015] Holzmarkt: Concept and Architecture, Marketing report, 2013 September ) Available at: http://www.holzmarkt.com/downloads/HOLZMARKT_Concept&Architecture.pdf [Accessed 26 May 2015]

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WORLD RESOURCES ARE RUNNING OUT. REINVENT THE SPACE