BRIEF YORK
Negative Spaces and Urban Fabric Sound Profiles
Religious
Transport
Civic
Retail
Education
Offices
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Misc/Residential
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City Walls
City Tour Route
Minster
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City Walls
Merchant Taylors’ Hall
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City
Bridge St
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Piccadilly Road Site
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City Walls
Fishergate Bar
Site:
Characteristics:
A series of industrial buildings and a disused office tower straddle the River Foss. The site is an industrial island, isolated by Piccadilly Road and the River Foss. Whilst the buildings on the site are mostly in disrepair, disused, used as garages or the occasional antiquated furniture shop. The site is unique in its scale and is unencumbered by significant neighbouring buildings, most of which are situated across the Foss such as the York Castle Museum and York Crown Court.
• Noise Pollution • Air Pollution • Damp • Indusrtial Heritage • Abandoned
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Whilst Piccadilly Road is particularly busy it presents a unique opportunity to link the site with the city center. Taking advantage of this road will be a high priorty within my programme for the site.
• Impermeable Boundaries
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Piccadilly.Markets.
York
Markets in cities are places where buying and selling occurs. These temporal hubs of activity attract people not only for this specific ritual but they become aggregations which cause the generation of new and permanent temporal programs concentrate around it. The site makes precedent to markets in London including; COVENT GARDEN and BOROUGH MARKET. The nature of the market has fundamentally shifted over time and has evolved to being more than temporary buying / selling destinations and have become 24 hour locations that define the character of the place and act as landmarks within the City. London is a good example where the network of markets become an important profile of the City. For the site I’ve proposed a mixed-use urban market development to highlight the culinary potential of York. The proposal seeks to celebrate and concentrate different independent culinary trades of York and Yorkshire. The proposal builds upon the existing retail high street ‘Parliament Street’ which leads into Piccadilly road, the primary artery which provides access to the site and runs parallel with the entirety of the site. Furthermore the proposal seeks to re-imagine the historic trading characteristics of the site: which was home to local merchants such as Coal, Timber, Rope and Builders towards a new contemporary temporal hub for activity.
Covent Garden Elevation
The site is currently occupied by a 1970s multi-storey office block and garages for car parking. The majority of the existing buildings will be removed within my proposal since they hold little to no architectural pedigree. The proposal’s includes boutique-retail units which include, independent culinary services: private restaurants, coffee shops, bakeries, chocolatiers this units act as auxiliary components within a dedicated food market. The development will also provide residencies for the staff and local artists, whilst also providing multi-use exhibition spaces. A new bridge will also be provided to link the more tourist area of Clifford’s tower to the west with the site and therefore the further residential and recreational quarter to the east.
Covent Garden Isometric Plan
Generative Masterplanning A mixed-use urban market development showcasing Yorkshire artisan cuisine. Central to the project is a decentralised generative approach to the configuration of space and form. The design strategy employs computational agents, representing hypothetical visitors, encoded with needs and desires, to generate a continuous and inter-woven urban plan through agential interaction. Used as a template the emergent urban pattern is transferred into a series of components configured into built form articulating a continuous and inter-woven urban grain, which seeks to avoid traditional segmented zoning, and proposes an innovative architectural scenario prompting cohesion and unity. To achieve this, I have utilised Processing to develop an Agent based Urban Plan Tool. The tool can be summarized into 9 key stages: Site Boundary, Grid Generation, Grid Boundary, Attraction + Avoidance, Agent Population, Agent Steering, Agent Interaction (Collision), Occupance and connectivity. At its simplest two agents traverse through space being influenced by each other’s movement as well as key points to Seek and Avoid. When two agents collide each agent’s itinerary is searched, and a shared interest is discovered. At the point of collision, the grid cell is assigned this shared interest, such as: Coffee, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Entertainment, Take Away, Shopping, Rest. 2
5B + TECH 5 PORTFOLIO U5
AN ISLAND SITE QUALITY: UNINHABITED AND SOULLESS
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fter having visited York and choosing ours sites and following task-3, which required us to design and construct a device which would articulate a chosen quality of the site and enhance a chosen sensory input such as, site or audition of the participant/observer. I started analysing the site through conventional site analysis. This was followed by developing a brief around the use of an agent based urban-generative tool, developed within the programming language of Processing. This tool would provide a hypothetical representation of human interaction on the site over time.
Above & Right: The site visible to the right with the river Foss, car park and Clifford’s Tower to the left 3
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Right:
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Drawing depicting the dynamism of a motherboard
YORK HISTORY Stone Yard
Timber Yard
Butler’s Residences
Bleach Yard / Rope Walk
OS Town Plan: 1848 - 1878
OS 1st Edition Country Series: 1853 - 1904
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YORK HISTORY
OS 2nd Revision Country Series: 1906 - 1939
Bleach Yard / Rope Walk Butler’s Residences Timber Yard Saw Mills
OS 1st Edition National Grid: 1943 - 1995
Parking Garage Warehouse Coal Yard Works
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YORK HISTORY Parking Garage
Warehouse
Services
Mixed-Use / Retail
Mixed-Use / Residential
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SITE STUDY
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A PROPOSAL BASED ON THE CONEXT
Shambles Market
Re ta il -‘ H ig h St re ’ et SPARK YORK food & retail New Retail/ Lesuire
New Market Car Park
Gr een Ro ut e
Touristic Area
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Recreational & Residential Quarter
Theater & Cinema Analysis
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SITE MASSING EXISTING SITE MASSING AND KEY PHOTOS OF SITE
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S I T E A NA LY S I S YORK | PICCADILLY STREET SITE
SI T E K E Y View Quality
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View Priority Arterial Route Cycle Route Pedestrian Route Flood Zone 3 Site Access
Open Spaces
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River Foss
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Rowntree Wharf
City Centre
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Above & Bellow Concept models explorig generating discrete trails of agents (gold thread). Limiting the agent’s movement to discrete vectors (45deg angles)
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DISCRETE ELEMENTS TYPE 001
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DISCRETE ELEMENTS TYPE 002
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SITE STRATEGY
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A DECENTRALISED GENERATIVE APPROACH TO THE CONFIGURATION OF SPACE
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GENERATIVE APPROACH TO THE CONFIGURATION OF SPACE CENTRAL TO THE PROJECT WAS THE USE OF A PURPOSE BUILT PROGRAM WHICH PROVIDES A HYPOTHETICAL URBAN MODEL ORGANISM: HUMAN (THE AGENT)
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he diagram bellow illustrates the framework by which the software operates. Central to the use of agents as a tool to generate hypothetical spatial compositions is their decentralised emergent behaviours. No single agent (human) has the potential to completely control all other agents. However, their micro behaviours produce global patterns and formations which can be novel in regards to the intuitive capacity of the designer. These hypothetical outputs can be beneficial in challenging the designers preconceived understanding of spatial arrangements and helps to further the creative capacity of the designer.
Above & Right: (above) Illustrative diagram of code (right) Illustrative diagram of agent interaction
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Unit 1: Schedule Residential (+ 2nd Floor) CafĂŠ
Parking Lower Floor
Exhibition Space Boutique Shops Access Route
Gallery Space Restaurant (+ Lower Floor) Lowered Public Zone A Delivery Access Lower Floor
Unit 2: Schedule
Lowered Public Zone B Primary Market Zone
Cafe
Primary Market Zone
Boutique Shop
Restaurant
Access Route Bridge
Residential (2nd Floor)
Access Route
Unit 3: Schedule Restaurant Boutique Shop Residential (+2nd Floor) Parking
Access Route
Unit 4: Schedule Residential Boutique Shop Residential (+2nd Floor)
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DISCRETE ELEMENTS TYPE 003 - FINAL
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PICCADILLY MARKETS FINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL
Above & Right: (top-left) Market Stalls (top-right) Arcade Roof (bottom) Gallery & Plaza
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(right) Ground floor plan
Ground Plan
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First Floor Plan
Roof Plan
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North Section
East Section
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TECH 5 & AR647 TECH DIARY
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Spaces and Urban Fabric 5B + TECH 5 PORTFOLIO
U5 Retail
Education
Offices
Misc/Residential SITE A NA LYSI S YORK | PICCADILLY STREET SITE
01 – 02 – 2018: INITIAL SITE STRATEGY
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SI TE KE Y View Quality
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oday was the initial meeting with our tech tutor in which I introduced Chris to the site I have selected in York, which is bordered by the river Foss on the west and a primary vehicular artery, Piccadilly Road, which leads into York’s medieval city centre and high street.
Arterial Route Cycle Route Pedestrian Route Flood Zone 3 Site Access
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City Tour Chris also expressed interested on the scale of the site I had selected Route and primarily how to tackle the site’s border with Piccadilly Road,
Flood Zone
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Initially Chris wanted to confirm whether the site had any potential flood risk, due to its location. Whilst the site is situated directly on the river bank, the river Foss is a smaller river than York’s primary river, the Ouse. The site is officially1located within the flood risk area however, new flood defences located 400m from the site at the connection of the two rivers, 8 have aided in the site no longer being regularly flooded.
River Foss
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Walmgate
especially due to the noise such 2a road will generate and the site’s border with the river Foss. Presently the river edge on the site is not 4 particularly note worthy and the site is divided between parking garage buildings, abandoned or dilapidated warehouses and a large disused 7 storey office block due to be converted to a residential block. Within my scheme I have proposed to demolish the present structures on the site. However, there is the possibility of keeping one structure which is a7 parking garage which has an intriguing roof, yet I’m presently undecided about this.
Tower St
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Residential
Rowntree Wharf
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River Ouse
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New Foss flood barrier and pump station
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SITE ENVIRONMENT SOLAR ACCESS THROUGH OUT THE YEAR
Particle simulations in Houdini FX 48
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CLIMATE ANALYSIS
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Dec Sep Jun Mar
Nov Aug May Feb
Oct Apr Jan
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ANNUAL WIND ROSE DIAGRAMS (DIRECTION & SPEED)
CLIMATE ANALYSIS SOLAR ANALYSIS OVER FOUR MONTHS BETWEEN 5AM - 11PM PRODUCED IN GRASSHOPPER
21ST JANUARY - WINTER
21ST MARCH - SPRING
21ST JUNE - SUMMER
21ST SEPTEMBER - AUTUMN
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08 – 02 – 2018: FIRST COMPONENT & FURTHERING SITE STRATEGY
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ver the course of the previous week and as part of starting our design investigation Tim has set us a task to develop a component or family of components which can be assembled using a pre-set rule set to form assemblies which give rise to new and interesting spaces and challenge our understanding of how we interact with space. I’ve developed a set of hexagonal tube-like components which operate on 180deg and 135deg angles. The intention is to develop a set of components whose geometry gives rise to a part of their assembly rule set and helps to combine the notions of an aesthetic which partly arises from a structural or functional dependency. In discussing these components with Chris and showing him precedent works, I’ve investigated such as the Gilles Retsin’s winning entry for the Tallinn Architecture Biennale, a small pavilion structure built using a family of components. The issue of scale was addressed regarding each of the components, which Chris determined would have unnecessarily bulky cross-sections of over 200mm thick. The suggestion for a slenderer component which when combined with multiple components would create sufficient structural integrity yet still provide intense aesthetic detail, such as that found in Gothic Architecture, yet no longer purely limited to ornamentation. Chris was also particularly interested in the reasoning for a component system derived from a set of angles. The concept behind this decision was based around my continued investigation of software-procedurally generated forms using agents which navigate a 3-dimensional space. Often the resulting forms express a great degree of continues elements which are difficult or impossible to construct. To resolve this the notion of discrete-components is introduced with a limitation to their orientation and direction (i.e. a specific angle multiplier). This helps to reduce the resulting form provided by the agents to individual elements without curvature which can be more easily constructed. The concept is like faceting a curved form, such as a roof, into planner panels.
Tallinn Architecture Biennale pavilion structure assembly components.
Gilles Retsin’s winning entry for the Tallinn Architecture Biennale, a small pavilion structure built using a family of components.
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15 – 02 – 2018: SECONDARY COMPONENT & DEVELOPMENT OF ABSTRACT NICHE SPACE
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ased on the previous weeks feedback from Chris regarding my initial component system. I’ve developed a more delicate component. The new component’s methodology for arrangement remains bound by its geometric design. The component is based on multiples of 60deg angles, the first component provides an acute angle at 60deg whilst the second component has an angle of 120deg. The combination of these components facilitates for floor, wall and column type structures. These new components can be 3D printed individually or as an assembly, which I have planned for the inter-crit.
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01 – 03 – 2018: REFLECTIONS ON POST INTER-CRIT FEEDBACK
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hris and myself have discussed how the new component’s ability to tessellate does not conform to a regular grid but rather a predefined height and length offset, this makes designing with the component challenging, yet the results do provide interesting assemblies. An initial market-stall niche and possible living space were developed using the new component system. Unfortunately, Chris was not the tech tutor who was present at the inter-crit, thus this week’s meeting with Chris was a reflection on the feedback of the inter-crit. Whilst generally positive, the tutors expressed concern that the nich-form for a market place and residential space lacked clarity in their scale, was the market niche-assembly a small chair or table or a larger stall-like structure. The same issue was present for the residential niche form. Furthermore, the question of interiority was lacking. Due to the difficulty of the new components capacity to tessellate I’ve decided to look towards a final component system, which will provide the highest degree of detail yet also have a regularity to its arrangement.
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15 – 03 – 2018: DEVELOPING A DIGITAL 21 – 03 – 2018: FINAL COMPONENT APPROACH TO SITE GENERATION SYSTEM (FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM)
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he following week has been primarily design lead, with a focus on producing the generative program for developing my master plan.
This week I’ve investigated some precedent work, primarily by students at the Bartlett, which showcase the use of procedurally generated structures utilizing discrete elements. These precedents express the concept of linking form finding with structural analysis and generative design. Three key themes I’ve also been exploring. Whilst the application I’m developing does not utilise structural assessment and is purely a form and space finding tool. I’m keen on continuing with the concept of discrete elements, in this case a component which can be combined to follow the path the agents create as they explore the site and exhibit desired actions. Yet simplify this path, create a discrete vector, limiting the agent movement to multiples of 45deg angles. The agent trails, movement of visitors through the site, will be a path used to create a generative yet discrete path. This pattern will then be mapped to the functional zones the agents produce, in doing so the intention is for a final building form which invokes the generative yet, hypothetical urban plan which the agents, simulated visitors, have created. Furthermore, this pattern and expression of form through discrete vector movement is also present in the structural system of the building fabric, the form becomes structure and the structure becomes form.
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he following week I’ve investigated a third and final component which alleviates the challenges of the previous two. The new component has the highest level of detail, however, its arrangement follows a simple internal set of connection points, which follow a grid/ matrix arrangement. Thus the new components can be assembled along a know grid with even spacing of their bounding box, this alleviates intersecting components if I choose to attempt to program a generative system to assemble formations of these components, time dependant. For now I’ve started hand assembling these component into potential retail spaces which can be distrusted throughout the market building which I’m designing based on the urban arrangement provided by the code I developed in the previous months. In showing the initial digital models to Chris the first issue he addressed was the thickness and material quality / type of the individual component’s members. The second was the nature of the external envelope, how does the structure operate to avoid cold bridging. One suggestion was to follow traditional building techniques and encase the components within the building envelope however, this has draw backs which include reducing the aesthetic quality of the components as they become hidden and secondary to a cladding system. One solution proposed was to have large curtain walls which allow viability through to the components. We briefly discussed having the components as an external system, however this generates significant concerns with thermal bridging. A potential solution to this could come in the use of thermal breaks between components such as the Armadillo ARMATHERM™ set of products.
21 – 03 – 2018: REFLECTIONS ON POST TECH INTER-CRIT FEEDBACK
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his week Chris and I reviewed the feedback from the previous tech inter-crit.
Feedback was positive with strengths being highlighted in the graphical representations of the Processing code and its background development in relation to the context of the site. Key questions on how the components are fabricated was raised. Would the components be pre-fabricated or fabricated on site? Larger assemblies of the components such as support column types, cantilevering assemblies and larger spans would all be fabricated off site by a combination of machine assembly similar to that of automotive assembly lines, due to the repetitive nature of the components. These would be welded together and inspected using x-rays on baches. Once the assemblies leave the factory they are transported to site where they are craned in and final welds between larger assemblies are carried out by construction crew. The last comment was to focus on a particular part of the site to detail. Based on the generative code the site can be divided into 4 units; Market & Residential, Residential and Gym, and two Residential and Leisure units. For the final crit I’m concentrating on developing the Market & Residential unit.
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Components applied with intumescent paint for structural steel with 30, 60, 90 and 120-minute fire protection available Axial components have square cross-section of 110mm, with two primary 35mm rods for end-connections to another component and a 20mm x 30mm rod which connect the two primary members. A third 20mm x 30mm rod completes the square profile and acts as a cross support to an adjacent component’s primary 35mm rod.
Inter-member cross bracing similar to a steel truss Cross bracing at 90deg bends 35mm thick solid steel rod components 58
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PROTOTYPE SECTION
03 – 05 – 2018: PRAGMATIC RESPONSES TO TECHNICAL CHALLENGES PRESENTED BY COMPONENT SYSTEM
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n the final tech tutorial with Chris major pragmatic solutions have been necessary to aid in resolving the challenges which the final component system has presented and challenged the delivery of a convincing proposal. In this tutorial Chris expressed how it is imperative to illustrate how the combination of components and therefore their combined cross-section thickness achieves a functional structural system. Furthermore, the initial primary element thickness of a 20mm steel tube with a thickness of 4mm was too thin, thus the components were increased to 35mm solid steel rods. This insures that under load even with multiple elements combined it would be less likely for a single element to buckle under-load. Secondly the roof structure for the arcade and market was finalised, which would utilise ETFE ‘bubble’ foils as an alternative to Glass panels which both Chris and Tim agreed would possibly be too heavy a load. Lastly the issue of the inhabitable shell structures was addressed, the initial suggestions by Chris, to utilise OPTIM-R vacuum insulation panels with Armadillo thermal breaks based on my initial designs was replaced with a compartmentalised monocoque structure. The retail, leisure and residential structures would all be pre-fabricated as individual pieces which could be assembled on site. The monocoque structure would be similar to a boat-hull construction, each piece would be moulded to an exact form either from resin or more likely fibre-glass, with an internal cavity which is piped with foam-glass insulation. The panels could then be inserted into their corresponding locations as the component system is assembled, starting with floor sections, wall sections and lastly roof sections. As the shells are moulded they can have a connection groove pre-cast with a connection component embedded within the shell. These would be located on floor sections to carry loads and roof sections to provide extra support, yet these would be less frequent as they would carry less load. The monocoque nature of the shell structures once assembled would distribute loads through the external skin, creating a single structural system. As the shells could be constructed from resin or fibre-glass there would be no cold-bringing between the interior and the external component systems. A final thickness of 250mm provides a section of 80mm structure, 90mm foam-glass and 80mm structure.
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VISUALISATION OF 1:50 MODEL 61
Original structural density 20mm Steel Tubes
VISUALISATION OF 1:50 MODEL Final structural density 35mm Steel Rods
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Left & Above: Cross sectional model at 1:20 showing support components & retail unit shells. Cantilevering above are two ETFE frame type component assemblies. 63
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1:20 Technical Detail Section
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TECH 1:20 SECTION THROUGH ARCADE, RETAIL & COFFEE SHOP 65
Primary column supporting ETFE Canopy - Comprised of 93 components
Coffee Shop
Retail Unit
250mm pre-cast fiber-glass monocoque shell segment - With interlocking male-female connection
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WEST - EVENING LIGHT
Passive cross ventilation, in located at floor level close the surface of the river fos
Water Source Heat Tubes placed at base of River Fosss 67
ENVIRONMENT EAST - MORNING LIGHT
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Water Source Heat Pump located at same level as sunken plazza for maximum effciency 68
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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
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SECTIONS OF THE PRIMARY SUPPORT COMPONENT SYSTEM ARE FABRICATED OFF SITE AND DELIVERED TO LOCATION
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THE SECTIONS ARE ASSEMBLED ON SITE. AS EACH SECTIONAL FRAME IS ERRECTED THE CORRESPONDING MONOCOQUE SHELL SECTIONS ARE INSTALLED.
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RESIDENTIAL UNIT SHELLS ARE THICKER (300MM) THAN THE RETAIL UNITS TO ACCOMODATE AN ADDED FLAME RETARDANT LAYER.
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