ANIMALS ATTACK

UNIT 4: ANIMALS ATTACK 1.- What are you going to study?

2.-Find the words. You can use your dictionary or a computer.

MAIN LANGUAGE Off-spring

autotrophic

reptiles

single

feed on

Kingdoms

heterotrophic

amphibians

their own

lay eggs

Living things

stimuli

feathers

underground

give birth

Cell

environments

fur

also

live young

Unicellular

scales

hunt

crawl

Tadpole

4.1 INTRODUCTION: LIVING THINGS AND NON-LIVING THINGS 4.2 HOW ARE LIVING THINGS CLASSIFIED?

4.3 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING WHAT THEY EAT. 4.4 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO HOW THEY REPRODUCE

UNIT 4. ANIMALS ATTACK 4.1 INTRODUCTION: LIVING THINGS AND NON-LIVING In nature we can find living- things and non-living things. People, animals and plants are living things. The main characteristics of living things are: All living organisms have got three things in common: nutrition, interaction and reproduction. These three things are called vital functions.

Nutrition: Living organisms need food, water and air to live and grow. For example, deer eat grass, drink water and breathe air.

Interaction: Living organisms feel what happens to them and the world around them and react. For example, a deer sees danger coming and runs away.

Reproduction: Living organisms can produce offspring. For example, deer

ACTIVITY 1: CLASSIFY THESE THINGS INTO LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS.

4.2 HOW ARE LIVING THINGS CLASSIFIED? Living things are classified into five groups called kingdoms: 4.2.1.-THE KINGDOM MONERANS    

They are unicellular living things: They have one single cell.

They can live in indifferent environments: water, soil, air or inside other living things.

They are microscopic.

For example: Bacteria.

4.2.2. THE KINGDOM PROTISTS   

They can be unicellular living things or multicellular living things.

They live in water, for example algae.

They make their own food , so they are autotrophic living things.

4.2.3. THE KINGDOM FUNGHI They can be unicellular or multicellular living things.

- Fungi are usually found underground, on pieces of wood, on decomposing food, on dead plants and animals.

- They do not make their own food so they are heterotrophic living things.

-

4.2.4. THE KINGDOM PLANTAE 



They are multicellular living things. They use sunlight and substances from the soil and the air to make their own food, so they are autotrophic living things.

They do not have sense organs or a nervous system but they react to some stimuli.

4.2.5. THE KINGDOM ANIMALIA

  

Animals are multicellular living things.

They eat other living things, so they are heterotrophic They have a nervous system and sense organs.

They can react to stimuli quickly.

4.3 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING WHAT THEY EAT. According to the food they eat, animals can be classified as herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.  



Herbivores are animals that only feed on plants.

Carnivores are animals that only feed on meat. Carnivores hunt other animals and eat them.

Omnivores are animals that eat meat

4.4 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO HOW THEY REPRODUCE. Baby animals are born in two different ways. They can be oviparous or viviparous. 

Oviparous animals develop inside an egg that their mother lays. The baby animal is born by breaking out of the eggshell.



Viviparous animals develop inside their mother´s belly. The mother gives birth to live young.

4.5 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THEIR LOCOMOTOR There are two basic types of body structure: vertebrates and invertebrates. 

Vertebrates have got a locomotor system with an internal skeleton and a backbone.



Invertebrates haven´t got an internal skeleton or a backbone.

4.5.1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS Mammals - Most mammals are viviparous, - They have fur.

- They breathe with lungs.

- They can walk and run, and some of them like dolphins can swim, even fly.

- They can be carnivores, herbivores and

Birds - They are oviparous.

- They have feathers on their bodies.

- They breathe with lungs.

- They have wings, so that they can fly.

- Birds are usually herbivores, but there are some that are omnivores. For example:

Fish - They are viviparous and oviparous.

- They have scales on their bodies.

- They live in water.

- They breathe with gills.

Reptiles - They are oviparous .

- They have scales.

- They breathe with lungs.

Amphibians - They are oviparous.

- They have smooth skin.

- They breathe with lungs as adults and with gills when they are tadpoles.

Reproduction Body shape

Respiratory:

Oviparous Viviparous Metamorphosis

Gills Lungs skin

Covered by: Scales Feathers Skin Fur… Limbs: fins/ wings/legs

Food Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores

4.5.2. INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS GROUPS

Arthropods - Most of them are insects.

- They are oviparous and they lay eggs.

- Their bodies have three parts: head, thorax and abdomen.

- They have six legs.

- Some of them have wings.

Mollusc - They have a soft body and a hard shell.

- Some of them live on land and others live in water.

- Octopus, crabs, snails and clams are molluscs.

Worms - They have a thin, soft body with no legs.

- They crawl.

- Some worms live in water, and others live on land.

Habitat

Examples

Terrestrial Acuatic

Fish: shark Reptile: snake Amphibian: frog Bird: eagle Mammal: lion