CONTENTS:
Learning situation: Water in deserts.
1.– What is matter?
2.– The states of matter.
3.– Properties of matter.
4.– Can matter change?
5.– Pure substances and mixtures.
6.– Instruments to measure.
7.– Natural and artificial materials.
8.– Properties of materials.
1.- WHAT IS MATTER
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Is matter living, non-living or both? Find matter in the picture.
Everything around you is made of matter, including you!
Everything you can see, smell and touch is made from matter. Some things that you can’t see like air, are made from matter too.
But ideas, feelings, light and sound are not made from matter.
All the things around us that have weight and take up space are made from matter.
Are these things made from matter?
Tears, orange juice, air, love, cloud, crayons, gas, tree, rain, fear.
2.– THE STATES OF MATTER
Matter has three different states:
Solid. Matter doesn’t change shape. We can cut or break it.
It always occupies the same space. Ice, rocks and wood are solids.
Liquid. Matter can change the shape to match the shape of the container. The volume doesn’t change. We can pour it.
Water, orange juice and oil are liquids.
Gas. Matter can change shape and volume. The volume increases until it uses all the space in the container.
Air and natural gas are gases.
Matter can be a solid, a liquid or a gas.
Think about different things and substances for the three states.
Matter has two properties we can measure: mass and volume
Which present has the biggest volume?
Which present has the biggest mass?
What do you think is inside the presents?
Zoe and Leo want to make cakes. Zoe says she has enough flour for her cake. Leo says he has 2 kg of flour for his cake. They want to know if Zoe has more flour than Leo. How can they check?
Let’s think!
The _________ have the largest mass.
The _________ have the largest volume.
The fish has a larger _______ than the grapes.
CAN MATTER CHANGE?
What happens when a piece of chocolate melts? Matter changes!
Some matter can change state when we heat or cool it, strike it...
Matter can change in two different ways: chemically and physically.
Chemical changes
Matter changes its appearance and composition and new substances appear.
For example, when we burn a piece of paper it turns into ash and smoke.
Physical changes
Matter changes its appearance but its composition does not change.
For example, when cheese melts, it looks different but its composition is the same.
Physical changes are state changes.
Matter changes state when we heat it or cool it.
5. PURE SUBSTANCESAND MIXTURES
We can divide matter into two groups: pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances have only one component. Mixtures are two or more substances mixed together.
Heterogenous mixtures
We mix two or more substances. We can see the separate parts. For example, if we mix cereals and milk.
Homogenous mixtures
When we put sugar in tea and mix it, we make a homogenous mixture. We cant see the sugar and tea separately anymore.
Classify these mixtures into heterogenous or homogenous:
6. INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE
We can measure time, mass, volume, temperature, lenght and more. We use different instruments. What do you use these instruments for?
Stopwatch thermometer scales ruler measuring jug
7. NATURALAND ARTIFICIALMATERIALS
Matter can be made of different kinds of materials. Materials can be natural or artificial.
Natural materials come from nature. For example, wood, oil, stone, cotton, metal, sand, animal skin, coal, natural gas, water…
We make artificial materials by transforming natural materials. For example, we make paper from wood, plastic from oil and glass from sand.
8. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS: PHYSICAL
Each material has its own properties.
Plastic provides insulation from electricity. Thats why cables are covered with plastic. Rubber is very elastic. Thats why we use it to make tyres for bikes. Steel is very hard. Thats why we use it to build bridges. Glass is transparent, we use it to make windows.
1. What are these things made of? Classify the objects into natural and artificial materials.
2. Read the list of materials. Which ones are natural and which ones are artificial?
Leather in shoes:
Copper in electrical cables:
Glass in a drinking glass:
Concrete in a house:
Cotton in a t-shirt:
Cardboard in a cereal box:
3. Could it be possible to do a…
Frying pan with a steel handle? Glass football? Ice window? Metal socks?
4. Match the objects to the descriptions:
Transparent, not elastic, lasts a long time. Elastic, insulating, light. Heat conductor, not elastic, hard.
5. Match the words to their definitions:
a) This is a sticky mixture of earth and water.
b) A hard, grey material used for walls, floors and paths.
c) A soft material that can be heated to make it hard.
d) A strong material that we use to make cars.
e) Hard, flat pieces that we put on kitchen and bathroom walls.
f) A hard material we use to make cups and bricks.
ceramic clay concrete metal mud tiles
6. Which material melt the fastest: chocolate, butter or cheese? Put the materials in different containers. Put the containers in hot water and check.
7. Match the examples to the processes.
Water becomes steam melting
Water becomes ice evaporation
Ice becomes water solidification
Steam becomes water condensation
8. Complete with instruments:
The _________ measures in centimeters and milimetres.
The _________ measures in grams and kilograms.
The _________ measures in degrees Celsius.
The _________ measures in seconds and minutes.
The _________ measures in milliliters and litres.
9. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
a) If you heat butter in a frying pan it becomes a liquid/a solid.
b) If you put milk in the freezer it becomes a gas /a solid.
c) When ice melts it becomes a gas/a liquid.
d) When you heat water it becomes a solid/a gas.
10. Gonzalo puts an ice cube in his orange juice. It melts.
What change of state is happening?
If you heat water, does it turn into ice?