INSIDE YOUR BODY

UNIT 1 INSIDE YOUR BODY 1.- What are you going to study 2.-Find the words. You can use your dictionary or a computer.

MAIN LANGUAGE digestive Digestivo

faeces

expel (verb)

heart

blood vessels

vagina reproduction

testes

respiratory

breathe

capillaries

digestion

carbon dioxide

veins

esophagus

trachea

waste

stomach

bronchial tubes

kidneys

small intestine

lungs

bladder

1.1– INTRODUCTION 1.2 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1.3 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1.4 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1.5 URINARY SYSTEM

blood uterus excretory oxygen

ovaries circulatory mix (verb) arteries

UNIT 1 INSIDE YOUR BODY 1.1– INTRODUCTION The systems of the body enable us to perform vital functions. Human beings carry out the three vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction. In this topic, we study the function of nutrition and the body systems it involves.

NUTRITION FUNCTION The function of nutrition is responsible for transforming the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe in the energy and nutrients the body needs to grow.

Nutrition function involves different systems: the digestive, respiratory, circulatory and excretory system.

NUTRITION SYSTEMS URINARY SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1.2 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Human beings need energy to live. We eat food to get energy. When we eat, our body digests the food and produces energy. Digestion is the process by which food substances are changed into nutritional substances that our body needs. Living things eat food in order to get energy. Our body digests the food.

1.2.1 ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system is made up of five organs, they are the: 1.- Mouth: food enters our body through our mouth.

2.-Esophagus: a long tube between our mouth and the stomach.

3.-Stomach: it is like a bag and it secretes the gastric juice, the stomach receives food from the esophagus and mixes it with this gastric juice.

4.- Intestine: a long tube. It is composed of two parts  Small intestine: it is about seven meters long. The small intestine absorbs the nutritional substances  Large intestine: it is about one meter and a half long. It takes the bad substances from our body.

5.- Anus: it is at the end of the large intestine. Faeces are eliminated through the anus.

WORD BANK: MOUTH ESOPHAGUS LIVER LARGE INTESTINE SMALL INTESTINE STOMACH PANCREAS RECTUM ANUS

1.2.2. STAGES OF DIGESTION 1. Digestion begins in the mouth. Our teeth cut and chew the food. Our tongue mixes the food with saliva.

2. Then the food goes down the esophagus and goes into the stomach.

3. In the stomach, the food is mixed with a liquid (gastric juice).

4. In the small intestine, the food is divided into nutritional substances that our body needs.

5. The parts of food that we do not need (THE LIVER SEPARATE THEM) go into the large intestine. They are transformed into faeces and they are expelled through the anus. After eating, we must wait two hours before doing physical activities. Our digestion takes time!

When we eat we do the digestion process. It takes about 2 hours!

ACTIVITIES 1. - Label the parts of the digestive system.

2. - Read and write. a) Food circulates through this from the mouth to the stomach. ______________ b) Our teeth are in this. _________________ c) In this part the food is mixed with a liquid called gastric juice. _______________ d) Faeces are expelled through this. _________________ e) The food is divided into nutritional substances that our body need. ______________

1.3 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM All living things need oxygen to live, without oxygen we cannot survive more than few minutes. The Respiratory System allows us to get oxygen from the air. When we breathe, our body takes oxygen that we need to live and eliminates carbon dioxide that we don´t need.

1.3.1. ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The Respiratory System is composed of: nose, nostrils, trachea, bronchial tube and lungs (right and left). Air enters our body through our nose and mouth. It goes through the nostrils. It goes down through the trachea and bronchial tubes and into the lungs. Finally, oxygen goes into our blood.

1.3.2. BREATHING When we breathe, we breathe in and out.

These are the two movements that go along with breathing: 1. Inhalation (breathe in): our lungs fill with air; we take oxygen from the atmosphere.

2. Exhaling (breathe out): air leaves our lungs, giving off carbon dioxide. · The Respiratory System is the system that takes oxygen (necessary in our lives) and eliminates carbon dioxide (we do not need it). · The Respiratory System organs are: nostrils, mouth, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs. · There are two movements when we breathe: inspiration and expiration.

ACTIVITIES 1. - Label the parts of the Respiratory System.

2. - Read and match. · It is the gas that we breathe · There are two in our body · The process through which our lungs fill with air · When air leaves our lungs · A gas that we eliminate from our body

. Carbon dioxide . Expiration . Oxygen . Lungs . Inhalation

1.4 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The Circulatory System is responsible for blood circulation.

Blood is a very important red liquid in our body; it is red and carries oxygen and nutrients to different parts of our body.

Blood goes around our body, this is called circulation.

The main organ of this system is our heart; the Heart is an involuntary muscle. It pumps blood around our body and it is between our two lungs.

Blood circulate around our body inside what are called blood vessels. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries. · Arteries: they take the blood from our heart to the rest of our body. · Veins: take the blood from our body back to the heart. · Capillaries: connect the veins and arteries

· Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to different parts of our body. · The Circulatory System is responsible for blood circulation. · The Circulatory System organs are: heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries).

ACTIVITIES 1. - Answer these questions: a) What does blood carry? b) What is “circulation”? c) What is the main organ in the Circulatory System? d) What is the function of the heart? e) Where is our heart? f) What bones protect our heart? g) What are the three types of blood vessels? h) What is the function of our arteries?

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1.5 URINARY SYSTEM

Excretion is the process through which we clean our blood and eliminate waste from our body.

The organs are the kidneys, the bladder, and the urethra.

The kidneys clean our blood and make the urine. The urine now goes to the bladder, where it is stored and is later expelled from the urethra.

· Excretion is the process through which we clean our blood and eliminate waste from our body. · The organs of our Excretory System are: the kidneys, bladder and urethra.

ACTIVITIES 1. - Label, write and colour: