HISTORY: EARLY MODERN PERIOD.
CEIP Santa Ana (Madridejos)
HISTORY: EARLY MODERN PERIOD. EARLY MODERN PERIOD is from the ‘Discovery of America’ in 1.492, till ‘French Revolution’ in 1.789. At that time starts ‘Renaissance’ because of: 1.- The influence of the Catholic Church was reducing. 2.- The Human Being became the ‘centre of the universe’: ‘Renaissance Humanism’. 3.- Scientists started to use ‘reason’ and experimentation. 4.- Art turned back to classical Greece and Rome.
I) DISCOVERIES’ VOYAGES PERIOD: 1.- CATHOLIC MONARCHS: (The Catholic Monarchs is the title used in history for Queen Isabel I of Castile and King Fernando II of Aragon.) 1.1.- Unification of Spain: When ‘Queen Isabel I’ got married with ‘King Fernando II of Aragon’, they joint these kingdoms. Later they conquered the Muslim kingdom of Granada in 1.492. 1.2.- It was an ‘Authoritarian Monarchy’, because they reinforced their power. They imposed Catholic Religion and expelled Jews and Muslim people. 1.3.- They paid for Columbus’ voyages.
Catholic Monarchs
2.- REASONS FOR DISCOVERIES’ VOYAGES: 2.1.- At that time technology developed a lot, and there were better devices for sailing: compass, astrolabe, caravels, better maps… 2.2.- States wanted gold, silver… to make coins. 2.3.- They needed to find new routes to get to the Maluku Islands (to get spices very appreciated for medicine, religious rituals, perfumes…)
3.- THE MOST IMPORTANT VOYAGES: Because of those reasons there were some important voyages: 3.1.- Christopher Columbus discovered America (12-Oct-1.492), with three caravels (la Pinta, la Niña and la Santa María), although he thought he had arrived to the ‘East Indies ‘. Later, Americo Vespucio realized that the new places were from a new continent, and this is the reason of the name ‘America’. 3.2..- Vasco Nuñez de Balboa arrived to the Pacific Ocean.
Christopher Columbus
3.3.- Magallanes wanted to do a voyage around the world, but he died before to finish the travel, so Juan Sebastián el Cano finished it and became the first man to do it.
4.- PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURES: Before Columbus arrived to America, there were different cultures. Those people were farmers, and they knew pottery, metallurgy... Between them we find the Inca, Aztec and Maya civilitations. 4.1.- The Inca empire was located in the current Perú. Their emperor was called ‘Inca’. They were conquered by Francisco Pizarro.