Regenerative Design of Fu Tei Au Village

RENERATIVE DESIGN OF

FU TEI AU VILLAGE

2019-2020

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Acknowledgement Our team would like to thank all parties that are involved in this research, including the villagers of Fu Tei Au Village and also other expertise of varies fields, such as Dr. Chen Yong Ming and Professor Lui Wing Sing for their expert advise on the respective project.

Fu Tei Au Villager Mr. Lit and daughters Dee Gor Ming Gor Mr. Liu Ms. Yeung Mrs. So The Lutheran Church Hong Kong Synod Mr. Lit and daughters Studio Leader Thomas Chung Team members Chan Kai Ying Chan Kam Wo Chan Wing Chung Chen Yuxuan Cheung Hoi Yan Cheung Kong Ki Chung Ho Yin Lee Wai Yan Kong Chen Yang Hang

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Introduction Fu Tei Au in the North District in the New Territories, with its characteristic landscape and rich resources in ecology and architecture and culture, which unfortunately was in the government’s cross hairs for development since 2008, has still faced being bulldozed. But instead of demonstrating with loudspeakers and banners to save their home from being razed to the ground, villagers are immersing themselves in the planning of conservation. They started from the ecological conservation, repairing the biotypes to animal habitations and reforming the green belts into better sceneries. At the same time, they primed an educational program, engaging more public attention by a series of guiding tours. These aim for transforming the region into a tourist destination, as a sort of soft protest against the government to back down the development plans.

Multiple researches has been performed on the site of Fu Tei Au previously. ‘Regeneration of Fu Tei Au Village’ aims to consolidate all previous studies with a given direction, the team will proceed with a specific topic for further regenerative scheme for Fu Tei Au Village.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Methodology

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Research

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Numbers of researches of Fu Tei Au Village has been performed in the past few years. Under this circumstances, our team aims to consolidate all existing knowledge we learnt in order to inform an even more specific field of research. The research then should propose certain questions for each of our team members to proceed with a regenerative design stratergy for the village in the future.

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Creativity & Innovation

Goods & Services

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Happiness, Satisfaction & Comfort

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Regenerative scheme

Culture & Lifestyle

It is hard to define the sucessfulness of one generative deisgn without certain standards.

Our team has adopted an existing tool with moderation on Hong Kong local standards in order to examine and rate our final projects.

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Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials

Employment & Productivity

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Air & Water

Regulation & Policy (e.g.

Land Use, OZP)

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Operation, Maintenance & Residue

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Physical & Mental Health & Safety

Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit

Accessibility & Transport

Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding

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Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity

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Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Content Acknowledgement Introduction Methodology Content Background of Fu Tei Au Village Research 1: Land Use in Northern New Territories, Sheung Shui and Fu Tei Au Village.

Research 2: Tour Routes in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung.

Research 3: Climate in Hong Kong and Fu Tei Au Village.

Geography in Fu Tei Au Village.

Research 4: Ecology in Fu Tei Au Village.

Research 5: Pollution in Fu Tei Au Village.

Research 6: Food and Waste Treatment in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Shui.

Research 7: Interviews of Fu Tei Au Villagers.

Research 8: Ruins and Memories in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Shui Wai. Research 9: Dwelling Typology.

Research 10: Our Regenerative Design Framework for Fu Tei Au Village References

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虎地坳村 Background of Fu Tei Au Village Fu Tei Au (虎地坳村) is a non-indigenous village at the northwest end of the Fanling North NDA, started by post-war refugees occupying the abandoned area between the flood-prone Ng Tung river banks and the hillside containing the Sheung Shui Heung Liu clan’s graveyards. To the east is Man Kam To Road (lorries, brownfields) and Ka Wah Asphalt factory, and to the west are the Sheung Shui Slaughterhouse and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Plant (SWHSTP) across the river. First zoned for NDA redevelopment in 2009, 2nd generation villagers united to rediscover, create and propagate their village’s multiple historical, intangible, cultural and ecological heritages. Desperate for survival, the villagers’ efforts attracted media attention and public recognition, eventually managing to get Fu Tei Au partially rezoned back to agricultural use in 2015.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

虎地坳村 Formation of Fu Tei Au Village Fu Tei Au (虎地坳村) is a non-indigenous village at the northwest end of the Fanling North NDA, started by post-war refugees occupying the abandoned area between the flood-prone Ng Tung river banks and the hillside containing the Sheung Shui Heung Liu clan’s graveyards. To the east is Man Kam To Road (lorries, brownfields) and Ka Wah Asphalt factory, and to the west are the Sheung Shui Slaughterhouse and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Plant (SWHSTP) across the river. First zoned for NDA redevelopment in 2009, 2nd generation villagers united to rediscover, create and propagate their village’s multiple historical, intangible, cultural and ecological heritages. Desperate for survival, the villagers’ efforts attracted media attention and public recognition, eventually managing to get Fu Tei Au partially rezoned back to agricultural use in 2015.

History of Fu Tei Au Village Fu Tei Au was previously called Sheung Shei Ling, an affiliated area of Sheung Shui Wai, one indigenous settlement dominated by Liu’s families. There are numbers of ancestral graves of Liu’s families distributed in the area. In 1915, a tiger was spotted by villagers in Sheung Shui and was finally killed after two victims of the policemen by its beast. It was said that the Sheung Shui Tiger came from the location in Sheung Shei Ling. Therefore, the site had been renamed as Fu Tei Au until now.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Historical maps of Fu Tei Au Village Fu Tei Au (虎地坳村) is a non-indigenous village at the northwest end of the Fanling North NDA, started by post-war refugees occupying the abandoned area between the flood-prone Ng Tung river banks and the hillside containing the Sheung Shui Heung Liu clan’s graveyards. To the east is Man Kam To Road (lorries, brownfields) and Ka Wah Asphalt factory, and to the west are the Sheung Shui Slaughterhouse and Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Plant (SWHSTP) across the river. First zoned for NDA redevelopment in 2009, 2nd generation villagers united to rediscover, create and propagate their village’s multiple historical, intangible, cultural and ecological heritages. Desperate for survival, the villagers’ efforts attracted media attention and public recognition, eventually managing to get Fu Tei Au partially rezoned back to agricultural use in 2015. (TEXT TENTATIVE)

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

1964

1976

1985

1997

2000

2016 11

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

土地用途規劃 Land Use of Northern New Territories, Shueng Shui and Fu Tei Au Village Hong Kong government started the project of North East New Territories (NENT) since the 1990s. Kwu Tung North (KTN), Fanling North (FLN) and Ping Che/ Ta Kwu Ling (PC/TKL) were identified as the new development areas on NENT. Fu Tei Au village is one of the planning of Fanling North. Part of its land composition will change from agriculture to government, institution or community. The government’s crosshairs for development since 2008, has still faced being bulldozed. But instead of demonstrating with loudspeakers and banners to save their home from being razed to the ground, villagers are immersing themselves in the planning of conservation.

First zoned for NDA redevelopment in 2009, 2nd generation villagers united to rediscover, create and propagate their village’s multiple historical, intangible, cultural and ecological heritages.

Desperate for survival, the villagers’ efforts attracted media attention and public recognition, eventually managing to get Fu Tei Au partially rezoned back to agricultural use in 2015.

Right: 2019 OZP Statutory Plan for NENT NDA - Fanling North Top Left: 2019 OZP for Fu Tei Au Middle Left: 2013 NENT Study Report Bottom Left: 2006 Before NENT

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

遊覽線路 Tour Routes in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Fu Tei Au Village has not only many historical sites, but also several ecological conservation bases. They all exist at the same time and are scattered in every corner of the village.

On the one hand, the tour route proposed here is to develop the tourism industry of Fu Tei Au Village to attract people and generate economic benefits. On the other hand, it is more important to combine all scenic spots organically to create a better living environment for villagers and strengthen the connection and accessibility between these scenic spots Here, I put forward two main tour paths. One is to form a continuous tour sequence that evokes the historical memory of the village from the historical aspect of Fu Tei Au Village. The other is from the ecological conservation plan of hudiaao village, emphasizing the ecological diversity of Fu Tei Au Village and the villagers’ efforts for ecological conservation.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Historical Tour Route Six houses in ruin is the heritage to express the history and habitation during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (19411945).

The construction of the houses introduces the history of Japanese invasion and the Battle of Hong Kong at the region of the New Territories.

The Tai Wong Yeh Temple is in the ruin. The background of the temple has not been evidenced.

Now, the ruin of the temple has been a part of the squatter house, which bounds the living area of the family.

M of Au th tri er W Th ow lie M on es th Bo by in

The red brick bridge is a ruin demonstrating the mining history of KCR in Fu Tei Au. There are words of mark in KCR every brick, approving the reality of this history.

Now, the bridge is covered by the concrete surface.

The colourful well is one of the elements to introduce the mining history about the Sai Tau Kok railway construction in Fu Tei Au. The well was for the water supply to workers during the period of mining. The materials of the well was the colourful cements, which came from the hill where back of the site. The well is well conserved now.

Th re Ta tio ba in th br Ab st m th th th

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Man Ming Temple is one f the landmarks in Fu Tei u.It was built in 1924, a hree-bay organization, to ibute to the God of Litrature (Man), the God of War (Mo) and Kui Xing. he temple is under the wnership by Liu’s famies in Sheung Shui Wai. Man Ming Temple was ne of type three heritags by the assessment of he Antiquities Advisory oard before the collapse y the damage of typhoon n 2018.

The stilt house is a specific architecture form in Fu Tei Au. The form represents the local habitation with water, in order to survive in the flooding of the Ng Tung River.

The house has been left up about 2 meters upper ground, supported by 10 concrete columns.

There are someone still living in the house and house has been extended for satisfying the expansion of the family size.

The stele, located in Sek Bei Tau where edges the channel of Ng Tung River, documents the history of training work of Ng Tung River in 1954. It marks the existence of a stepped dam structure in the river, for flooding protection, in the past.

he ruin of stamp mill ecalls the history of Sai au Kok railway construcon. It demonstrates the ackground of the quarry n Fu Tei Au, as similar as he colourful well and red rick bridge. bout the function of the tamp mill, it is a mining machine for destructing he rocks by buffeting in he process of mining in he past.

The grave was built more than four hundred years, for memorizing the death of the 7th generation ancestor and his two partners.

It was rehabilitated by his descendants in 1869, in the period of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty. In 2017, the grave was refaced again

by Sheung Shui Wai. It represents the domination history of Liu’s families in the district of Sheung Shui and the habitation at that time.

Dak Yeung Tong Lui Cho Temple was found since the 1st Hungry Ghost Festival in 1966, which organized by Ma Mou Kit and another ten villagers, and the temple was built in 1969, constructed by brick wall and iron sheet cover.

In 2013, the temple was revitalized. The event of the Hungry Ghost Festival is still organized in September every year.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Ecological Tour Route The butterfly garden is a project which is spontaneously organized by the local villagers.

The garden will provide an artificial habitat for different series of butterflies.

It will become one of the ecological attraction in the site.

The farmhouse kitchen is located in the middle of Fu Tei Au. It is still used by an old couple, who are the house owners of the building. It was built more than 60 years, which greatly documents the habitation of agriculture in the past and brings its history back to the life.

Ng Tung River, also called as The River Indus, has the variety of ecological series, where is one of the important places of natural habitation in Hong Kong.

The river provides a suitable habitat for migratory birds when the winter comes in the northern hemisphere.

Also, the river has the great background to show the story of water resource management.

Pond of flower field is one of the ecological attraction in Fu Tei Au. Because of the decay of aquaculture since1980s, the ponds have been abandoned in the village.

Now, the ponds have become habitats of different series, such as egrets, hummingbirds, otters, else.

Also, the ponds have been covered by the water hyacinths as the abandonment. There are the beautiful scenes in the site.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

The habitats of egrets are located next to the ponds.

There is a gorgeous scene when hundreds hundreds of of egrets egrets when fly fly back back to to their their habitats habitats every every dusk. dusk.

Apart the the miApart from fromthat, that, gratory birds shortly stay migratory birds shortly at the site during the seastay at the site during the sonal migration when the seasonal migration when winter comes every year. the winter comes every year.

Habitat Habitat of of the thefireflies fireflies is located in the conservais located in the tion area underarea the outline conservation under zoning planzoning by the Planthe outline plan by ningPlanning Aboard.Because of the Aboard. water pollution light Because of water and pollution pollution theduring urban and light during pollution development, the number the urban development, of fireflies has decreased the number of fireflies has in the site. decreased thethe site.

In order to in save series, In order to save the series, the villagers actively rehathe bilitatevillagers the site for actively the firerehabilitate theIf site for fly habitation. the prothe habitation.

If ject firefly is successful, there the will project be one is of successful, the ecologthere ical attractions will be one in the of site. the ecological attractions in the site.

Development of the Peach Blossom Hill is the first conservaproject ininthethe conservation tion strategy Tei Au. strategy in in FuFu Tei Au. The villagers have spontaThe villagers have neously planted theplanted peach spontaneously blossoms the hill for the peach on blossoms on ecological attraction since the hill for ecological 2013. attraction since 2013.

Not only to build the new Not only to for build the habitat aiming eco-dinew habitat aiming versity, but they aims for at eco-diversity, but attracthey creating a tourist aims creating a tourist tion inatthe future, as a sort attraction in the future, of soft protest against the as a sort oftosoft government backprotest down the development plans in against the government Fu Teiback Au. to down the development plans in Fu Tei Au.

The flower flower field field in in four four The seasons in in Fu Fu Tei Tei Au Au is is seasons still in in the the consideration consideration of of still the strategy. strategy. The villagers the The villagers create aim to createaim thetoannual the annual with attraction with attraction different different sceneries in the sceneries in the whole whole year. year.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

氣候 Climate in Hong Kong and Fu Tei Au Village Climate is totally different from temperature because it shows datas in a long period. Climate won’t change in a short period of time. It can effectively show place character.

Climate has many aspects. For example, average temperature, rainfull, humidity, solar altitude, cloud amount, wind speed and direction.For Fu Tei Ao Village, I will analysis HK and Sheung Shui Climate.

The first chart is the temperature change every month last year in Shuang Shui. The middle is the most proper temperature for human. From top to bottom is the highest temperature per month, average high temperature, average temperature, average low temperature and lowest temperature per month. The differences between highest and lowest for the five datas are 9.9 degree, 11.8 degree, 11.6 degree, 12 degree and 16.9 degree.

The highest temperature is 37.2 degree. Because there is not so huge difference between summer and winter. The key factor to consider is how to cool buiding down in summer. And it is possible to consider low temperature in winter.

Second part is monthly average rainful. Hk has rainy season. As a result, there is also huge difference between summer and winter. It is important to use this large amount of rainfall in summer.

Third part is the monthly average humidity. It is obvious that the air is drier in winter than summer. And it is stable of humidity within the range of 71% to 85%.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

This part is the analysis of wind in Hk. I choose summer and winter, the two seasons mostly effected by wind to analysis.

In Summer, wind mainly comes from two directions, southwest and east.

Summer wind can bring cool air to the building. Wind from these two directions bring not so cool air. So we need to add more cool air to the building.

In winter, wind mainly comes from east direction. Winter wind can bring warm air to the building. East wind is proper to come into rooms.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

地理 Geography in Fu Tei Au Village Geography is the main factor of the site.

Geography factor has two aspects, topography and cultural environment.

Fu Tei Ao Village is a place with hills, riviers and ponds surrounding. In Geomantic omen aspect, Fu Tei Ao Village is a place full of energy because it faces to the river and backs to the hills. It is obvious that north side of the village is hills and south side of the village is river. Ponds spread at the south side. So topography shows an altitude difference between south side and north side.

Hills, ponds and rivers all reflect topography in different ways. Topography has a close relationship with natural resources and human resouces.

For example, hills can affcet wind direction and wind speed. Due to air pressure, wind will become quicker when meeting hills. As a result, people may feel cooler on the mountain. Besides , people will remember green trees and animals when think about hills.

Ng Tung River and ponds supply water for the villagers. People feel humid near them. The low altitude give people a good view to whole pond.

Also, human effect will change topography.

When building Fu Tei Ao Road, people change the shape of hills in order to let the road through . In recent years, people changed watercourse of Ng Tung River to make it more direct to decrease flood. People built houses spreadly.

Human elements also work as a part of geoeraphy. Fu Tei Ao Road is the main road to enter the village. Man Kam To Road is the main road from south to north. Apparently, people only pass Fu Tei Ao village, from these two roads, instead of using the village.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE Topography Sections in Fu Tei Au Village There are mainly three long sections from different directions. The key elements in three sections are hills and ponds with buildings.

The first section comes from west to east, through three ponds. The background is hills, with Fu Tei Ao Road middle. Three main roads connect ponds and Fu Tei Ao Road. Three smalls sections are about three ponds. Some houses are next to the ponds.

The second and third sections come from north to south. They are similiar from hills to builidngs , then to ponds and finally end with Ng Tung River.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

自然生態 Ecology in Fu Tei Au Village Eco system is very important on earth as it is a cycle that maintaining balance between different species in the natural environment. However, the continues urbanisation is keep destroying our eco system such as the rapid development of Shen Zhen resulted in the tall buildings blocked the migration flyway of the bird obscured their flyway. Urban expansion reduced the amount of rural area and damaged the life cycle of the animals and even lead to extinction of some species. Therefore it is a necessary to protect and preserve earth’s eco system.

自然 CAVE: FU TE ECO ECO

Fu Tei Au

Fu Tei Au

Fu Tei Au is a frontier area in Sheung Shui, in the northern part of the North District, the New Territories. It is one of the supply station for the bird migration flyway. The bird from east asianaustralasians flyway and central asian flyway will travel to the southern part of the earth for finding food. So they will stay in Fu Tei Au for around 1 to 2 month to recharge during their migration.

Therefore, this place is very important as a contributor in global’s and Hong Kong’s (Marco) ecosystem. Sheung Shui contains large amount of natural areas such as scrubland, grassland and hill which provides a very desire living area for different animals and they formed the messo ecosystem. However, the urban development take place in Sheung Shui since 1972 which lead to lot of natural environment are being destroyed and many species are keep decreasing. As this situation is becoming more serious in the recent year, it’s time start to do something in order to save our natural environment. Fu Tei Au is a very suitable site to do this restoration as it contains over 200 types of species and most of them need to be preserved urgently.

Bird Migration Flyway in Hong Kong Marco Ecosystem

A’

East Asian-Australasian Flyway

East Asian-Australasian Flyway Central Asian Flyway Central Asian Flyway

Flowers 四季花海

Flower Field in Four Seasons

Flowers 蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly

Flowers 螢火蟲基地

Habitat of Firefiles

Flowers 百鳥歸巢

Habitat of Egrets

Flowers 花海魚池

Pond of Flower Field

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091 Rhyothemis variegata arria Drury (彩裳蜻蜓)

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095 Fireflies (螢火蟲)

自然生態 CAVE: FU TEI AU VILLAGE ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

East Asian-Australasian Flyway

East Asian-Australasian Flyway Central Asian Flyway Central Asian Flyway

wers

蝶園

f Butterfly

wers

基地

irefiles

Ecological Distribution of Sheung Shui Messo Ecosystem

四季花海

Flower Field in Four Seasons

Higher incentive

Expel

Tetranychus urticae (紅蜘蛛)

Bat

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Smaller incentive

Ming Gor

Attack

Lemongrass (香茅)

Tetranychus urticae (紅蜘蛛)

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ Micro Ecosystem in Fu Tei Au

CAVE: FU自然生態 TEI AU ECOLOGY ECOLOGY

KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ

ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ ,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ ,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ ,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ

ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘

Plants The villagers paid a lot of efforts in saving the ecosystem and the species diversity in Fu Tei ^ DW> E, E, E, ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ W, W, W, ^ DW> ^ DW>

ͬE,ϰн ͬE,ϰн ͬE,ϰн Au. For example, In order to increase the wild spread of some types of plants, villagers would

press the root of plants and use the soil cover WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ it back so they can grow and spread in a faster ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ Ϭ͘Ϯ Ϭ͘Ϯ "" ϴ͘Ϯ ϴ͘Ϯ && & ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ Ϭ͘Ϯ " ϴ͘Ϯ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ Ě ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă and more effective way. They use this method dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ LJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ

ƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ to plant the hill area in Fu Tei Au which ensure

ĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ ŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ ŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ different types of plant can live healthily and Ŷ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ make the hill full of flowers during four seasons. Ăů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ ϯ͘ϳϱ ϯ͘ϳϱ ϲ͘ϲ ϲ͘ϲ % Ϭ͘Ϯ Ϭ͘Ϯ %% ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ϯ͘ϳϱ ϲ͘ϲ Ϭ͘Ϯ They call it ‘Flower Field of Four Seasons’. Their

,,^ ^

efforts successfully preservedWŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ a portion of the WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ KŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϵ͕ ǁĞ ǁĞŶƚ ƚŽ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ species, but the rest ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ of them ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƉŽŶĚ ƚLJƉĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ such as firefly ,egret,

ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŬĞ͕ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ƉŽŶĚ ĂŶĚ ƉŽŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚLJĂĐŝŶƚŚ ĂƐ ǁĞ are still ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă butterfly and tree frog disappearing and ƐĞƚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůLJ ĂƐ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ͕ ͕ ͘ dŚĞ ƐĂŵƉůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝůůĞĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ĂƐ Ă WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŐƌŽƵƉ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ ŽĨ ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͕ ǁĞ

ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ the villagers’s effortŽďƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ǀĞƌLJ ůŽǁ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ŽĨ E,͕ EKϮ͕ ůͲ ĂŶĚ cannot help with it. As the

,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ ,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ ϭ͘Ϯϱ ϭ͘Ϯϱ ## $ Ϭ͘ϲ Ϭ͘ϲ $#$ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ,Ϯ^͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵ

ϭ͘Ϯϱ Ϭ͘ϲ

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ W,͕ KϮ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŚĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ ŐƌĞĂƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞ͘ /ƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ current damaged condition of Fu Tei Au made ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶǀĂƐŝŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŽŵĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŽŶĚƐ ŝŶ &Ƶ dĞŝ Ƶ͘ these species hard to survive.

For example, firefly Plants Aves &! &# &# &% &% &! &# &# &% &% require a very clean water source but the current

E, E, ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ ,,^^ W, W, ^ DW> ^ DW>

ͬE,ϰн ͬE,ϰн E, ,ĂƌĚŶĞƐƐ

, ^ W, DW>

ͬE,ϰн Au are all polluted by the

water source in Fu Tei

dƌŽƉŝĐĂů &ŝƐŚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ƌŝƟĮĐŝĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ^ŽŌ ^ŽŌ ^ŽŌ $ $

$ $ $ water hyacinth dƌŽƉŝĐĂů &ŝƐŚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ which make them cannot survive ƌŝƟĮĐŝĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

and leave this place. The only way to preserve these species is to restore the damaged natural ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ Ϭ͘Ϯ Ϭ͘Ϯ "" ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ && & ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ Ϭ͘Ϯ " Fu Tei Au. ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ϴ͘Ϯ

environment inϴ͘Ϯϴ͘Ϯ ϮϮ

001 Water hyacinth 澂䧋塜

Ϯ

Ϯ

009 Zanthoxylum Nitidum ⏸槱摬

ϮϮ

ϮϮ

ϮϮ

ϮϮ

001 Water hyacinth 澂䧋塜

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

003 Lipocarpha Chinensis 噾䃥䝫嗘

002 Tamarindus Indica 搇廕

015 Annona squamosal 䟹嗣㨬

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

$

010 Pitaya 䋺爜㨫

011 Banana 氨埘

ϲ͘ϲ ϲ͘ϲ ϯ͘ϳϱ

016 Pilea microphylla ⺞囘⑆㻃啀

005 Alocasia Macrorrhizos 䀆唚

012 Epipremnum pinnatum 無焮囘

'ŽůĚĮƐŚ 3DVVLÁRUD 'ŽůĚĮƐŚ caerulea L. 䤍氨㨫

013 Jackfruit 㳈㽱壎

Ϭ͘Ϯ Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ

ϯ͘ϳϱ ϯ͘ϳϱ Ϭ͘Ϯ

ŶŐůĞ &ŝƐŚ Hairy Fig ŶŐůĞ &ŝƐŚ019 伦囘㰤

018 Shiny-leaf Prickly Ash ⏸槱摬

60 /

013 Jackfruit 㳈㽱壎

067 Little

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

019 Hairy Fig 伦囘㰤

014 Euphorbia neriifolia L. 摠⓪儑

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

026 Lemongrass 氨喔

027 Peach 㫒

030 Strophanthus Divaricatus 则屡㕦

031 Ricinus 坥煊

032 Ixora Chinensis Ⅸ⃈啀

033 Maple 㯢

034 Gladiolus ├墼

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

025 Gloryberry 䤌啀䑗仯

07 spo

021 Sapodilla ⅉ㉒㨫

020 Nippon Lily 嚻㄃槡

024 African Lily 䤍⷟坽

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

023 Kumquat 摠㳧

067 Little Egret (⺞䤌炉)

WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ

60 60 / 60 / 60 / /

036 Osmanthus Fragrans 㫑啀

014 Euphorbia neriifolia L. 摠⓪儑

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

ŚĂŶŶĂ ƌŐƵƐ 020 Nippon Lily ŚĂŶŶĂ ƌŐƵƐ 嚻㄃槡

076 H

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

Fish

028 Grapevine 困嚓㳈

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

'

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

035 Gardenia 㬣⷟啀

068 Grey Heron (坋炉)

037 Paederia

Crustacea 072 Black-faced spoonbill (煠槱䛄炉)

069 Swan Goose (濊楐)

038 Rose 䘺䛿

039 Mulberry 㫠㳈

Foetida 業⻝塳

&! &#

&! &# &! &#

073 Hummingbird (妑潴)

043 Eriocheir Sinensis ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ ⮶栧媈

ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ

021 Sapodilla ⅉ㉒㨫

044 Clam 女

040 Wormwood 唍嗘

071 Yellow Wagtail (煒灉澡)

&# &% &# &%

075 Cattle Egret (䓪卛炉)

ƌŝƟĮĐŝĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ƌŝƟĮĐŝĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ƌŝƟĮĐŝĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

045 Pomacea Canaliculata 䰞⮌婉

085

042 Peach blossom 㫒啀

041 China Rose ⮶侔啀

&# &%

074 Black Winged Stilt (煠剔栆吂炇)

dƌŽƉŝĐĂů &ŝƐŚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ dƌŽƉŝĐĂů &ŝƐŚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ dƌŽƉŝĐĂů &ŝƐŚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

070 Mandarin Duck (澪澵)

046 Mussel 夛

&%

047 Snail (娇䓪)

089 Uroth (実⪉

076 Halcyon Pileata (塜剰副)

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

025 Gloryberry 024 African Lily 026 Lemongrass 027 Peach 㫒

䤌啀䑗仯

䤍⷟坽

氨喔

077 Eurasian Teal (⺞㻃澷)

078 Spotted Redshank (灃炇)

ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ

079 Ardea alba (⮶䤌炉)

Fish

028 Grapevine 困嚓㳈

&% &% 60 /

Insecta

EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶ EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽ EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

Reptilia

ϭ͘Ϯϱ ϭ͘Ϯϱ ##

Ϭ͘ϲ Ϭ͘ϲ

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ϭ͘Ϯϱ Ϭ͘ϲ

023 Kumquat 摠㳧

007 Bamboo 䶈

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

012 Epipremnum pinnatum 無焮囘

018 Shiny-leaf Prickly Ash ⏸槱摬

3DVVLÁRUD caerulea L. 䤍氨㨫

006 Hedyotis Diffusa 䤌啀奖咛嗘

,,Ϯ^Ϯ^

007 Bamboo 䶈

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

048 Ptyas Mucosus (◦奖)

049 Enhydris chinensis (₼⦚㻃奖)

050 Bungarus multicinctus (攏吂ヅ)

Mammals

051 Green Tree Viper (槡䶈奖)

/

052 Naja Atra (₼噾䧋晰奖)

053 Red-eared Slider (侔勂爫)

054 Geochelone

Sulcate (䦍呑爫) 60 / )

(娱

61

/

61

/

61

60 / 60 /

ůƚƵƌĞ

ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ

006 Hedyotis Diffusa 䤌啀奖咛嗘

WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ WŽŶĚ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ $#$

022 Cudweed 熯煃嗘

&% &%

004 Acacia Confusa 䦇㊬㳈

60 /

009 Zanthoxylum Nitidum ⏸槱摬

%% ϲ͘ϲ

%

011 Banana 氨埘

005 Alocasia Macrorrhizos 䀆唚

,

^ ϮϮ

ϮϮ

029 Emilia Sonchifolia ₏煭侔

008 Phragmites Communis 墕囵

010 Pitaya 䋺爜㨫

016 Pilea microphylla ⺞囘⑆㻃啀

022 Cudweed 熯煃嗘

ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ

004 Acacia Confusa 䦇㊬㳈

CAVE: FU自然生態 TEI AU VILLAGE ECOLOGY ECOLOGY 015 Annona squamosal 䟹嗣㨬

ϮϮ

003 Lipocarpha Chinensis 噾䃥䝫嗘

002 Tamarindus Indica 搇廕

008 Phragmites Communis 墕囵

Aves

Ϯ Ϯ

ϮϮ

ϮϮ

EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ 60$030 $ 029 Emilia $$031 Ricinus $ /Strophanthus ^ŽŌ EĂƚƵƌĂů WŽŶĚ ƋƵĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞ Sonchifolia ₏煭侔

Divaricatus 则屡㕦

坥煊

Maple 033 ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ

^ŽŌ ^ŽŌ

032 Ixora Chinensis Ⅸ⃈啀

㯢

*ROGÀVK 081 Angle Fish 082 Axolotl

'ŽůĚĮƐŚ 'ŽůĚĮƐŚ ŶŐůĞ &ŝƐŚ ŶŐůĞ &ŝƐŚ 'ŽůĚĮƐŚ ŶŐůĞ &ŝƐŚ ŚĂŶŶĂ ƌŐƵƐ (摠淩) (䯭Ⅸ淩) (初導娗)

ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ ф Ϭ͘Ϯ 034ф Ϭ͘ϬϬϱ Gladiolus ф Ϭ͘Ϯ 035ф Ϭ͘ϬϮ Gardenia ├墼

㬣⷟啀

Amphibia

055 Panthera tigris ⷮ┯㕘壝

056 Goat (则)

057 Sciuridae (㨍熯)

ŚĂŶŶĂ ƌŐƵƐ ŚĂŶŶĂ ƌŐƵƐ

ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝ ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ

083 Channa Argus (䍞滶)

60 /

058 Reeves Muntjac (煒焑)

084 Grass Carp (嗘淩)

059 Cattle (⹅䓪)

060 Bat (姨姯)

/

60 /

61

60 / 60 60 / 60 / 60 / /

036 Osmanthus Fragrans 㫑啀

037 Paederia Foetida 業⻝塳

038 Rose 䘺䛿

039 Mulberry 㫠㳈

040 Wormwood 唍嗘

041 China Rose ⮶侔啀

086 Airbreathing Catpshes 085 Carassius Auratus (⫧夀) (溌淩) 061 Mongrel (➟䕦) 062 Mouse (劐熯) 063 Stray Cat (摝弢)

042 Peach blossom 㫒啀

Crustacea

60 /

087 Fejercarya Limnocharis (䈳奨) 065 Sus Scrofa (摝廻) 064 Rabbit (⏣⷟)

088 Tree Frog (㳈奨) 066 Porcupine (丼廻)

Insecta

043 Eriocheir Sinensis ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ ⮶栧媈

ƌŝŽĐŚĞŝƌ ^ŝŶĞŶƐŝƐ

044 Clam 女

045 Pomacea Canaliculata 䰞⮌婉

046 Mussel 夛

047 Snail (娇䓪)

089 Urothemis Signata

(実⪉姊妢)

Reptilia

090 Ladybird Beetle (䝱媁)

091 Rhyothemis variegata arria Drury (ㇸ宂姊妢)

049 Enhydris chinensis (₼⦚㻃奖)

050 Bungarus multicinctus (攏吂ヅ)

Mammals

051 Green Tree Viper (槡䶈奖)

/

/ 60 /

61

052 Naja Atra (₼噾䧋晰奖)

018

053 Red-eared Slider (侔勂爫)

027

036

042

058

073

099 100

60 / 029

038

047

060

076

023

030

039 051

051

065

078

025

032

040

055

066

092

026

035

041

057

071

097

021

60 / 60 /

094 60Centipede / (妗夲)

006

065

093 Moth (妍)

60 /

048 Ptyas Mucosus (◦奖)

092 Milkweek %XWWHUÁ\ (ガ䘚㠠娅)

066

060

/

054 Geochelone

024

Sulcate (䦍呑爫) 60 / )LUHÁLHV 096 Papiliondae

(娱䋺媁) (澂娅䱠)

60 /

/ 61 / 61

097 Syntomoides imaon (↙弬焎妍)

059

099 Pieridae (优娅䱠)

098 Crocothemis servilia (䖸侔姊妢)

013

061

019

062

061

100 Tetranychus urticae (䋺妧奪)

056 Goat (则)

057 Sciuridae (㨍熯)

60 /

058 Reeves Muntjac (煒焑)

060 Bat (姨姯)

42 /

60 / 061 Mongrel (➟䕦)

062 Mouse (劐熯)

/

61

021

059

001 008

031

065 062

034

002

005

066 Porcupine (丼廻)

048

050

049

051

060 066

001

046

068

072

076

080

085

089

093

097

008

043

047

069

073

077

081

086

090

094

098

009

044

053

070

074

078

083

087

091

095

045

067

071

075

079

084

088

092

096

006

001

063 001

065 Sus Scrofa (摝廻)

082

057

033

61

004

064 Rabbit (⏣⷟)

064

061

061

047

001

003

063 Stray Cat (摝弢)

063

056

020

037

059 Cattle (⹅䓪)

054

062

023

055 Panthera tigris ⷮ┯㕘壝

61

006

021

0

0

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Bird Migration Flyway in Hong Kong Marco Ecosystem

East Asian-Australasian Flyway

East Asian-Australasian Flyway Central Asian Flyway Central Asian Flyway

Bird Migration Flyway in Hong Kong Marco Ecosystem A’

East Asian-Australasian Flyway

East Asian-Australasian Flyway Central Asian Flyway Central Asian Flyway

Flowers 四季花海

Flower Field in Four Seasons

Flowers 蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly

A’

Flowers 四季花海

Flower Field in Four Seasons

Flowers Flowers 螢火蟲基地

Habitat of Firefiles

蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly

Flowers 百鳥歸巢

Habitat of Egrets

Flowers 花海魚池

Pond of Flower Field

Flowers 百鳥歸巢

A’

Habitat of Egrets

Flowers 螢火蟲基地

Habitat of Firefiles

Flowers 花海魚池

Pond of Flower Field

A’

091 Rhyothemis variegata arria Drury (彩裳蜻蜓)

095 Fireflies (螢火蟲) 091 Rhyothemis variegata arria Drury (彩裳蜻蜓)

095 Fireflies (螢火蟲)

Ecologi Messo E

Ecolog Messo

蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly 蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly Bat Bat

Eat

43 Bat Eat

Smaller incentive

Higher incentive Bat

091 Rhyothemis variegata arria Drury (彩裳蜻蜓)

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

095 Fireflies (螢火蟲)

Ecological Distr Messo Ecosystem

蝴蝶園

Garden of Butterfly

Bat Bat

Eat

Smaller incentive

Higher incentive

Pieridae Pieridae

Sapodilla (人心果) Papiliondae

Papiliondae

Milkweek Butterfly

Milkweek Butterfly

(Ming Gor)

Bat turn to eat fruit as it is more attractive Bat would keep eating the butterfly Top / the species and their ecological cycle in Fu Tei Au

60 /

- The amount of butterfly keep decreasing

- The amount of butterfly can be preserved

Villagers’s Effort in Preserving Ecosystem Micro Ecosystem

Top / the species and their ecological cycle in Fu Tei Au

60 /

44

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Ecological Distribution of Sheung Shui Messo Ecosystem

四季花海

Flower Field in Four Seasons

Expel

Tetranychus urticae (紅蜘蛛) Lemongrass (香茅)

Attack

Ming Gor

Peach blossom (桃花)

Top / the species and their ecological cycle in Fu Tei Au

Tetranychus urticae (紅蜘蛛)

Peach blossom (桃花)

(Mr Lit) 60 /

Blossom grow healthily Tetranychus urticae stealing the nutrition of the blossom

ruit as it is more attractive

Au

- Peach blossom cannot grow healthily

- Peach blossom can grow healthily because of the lemongrass

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

環境污染 Pollution in Fu Tei Au Village According to the villagers' report, one year ago, the factories around the village (like the bitumen plant) had serious pollution to this place. The gas drifted here could even affect the sleep of the locals. The local water quality has also been polluted to a certain extent, affecting the local ecological environment, and the number of individual species has decreased. However, after investigation, we found that the pollution in the village is not only from the outside factories, but also from the villagers. Lacking the awareness of ecological protection and good sewage treatment methods may be the two main problems of the village at present.

It is a common saying that where there are people, there is pollution. How to solve the problem of pollution by architecture, or even use pollutants to regenerate useful things, may be one of the issues we need to consider next.

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Sewage Treatment Works Pollution

Slaughter House Pollution

Bitumen Plant Pollution

Urban Waste

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Sewage Treatment Works Pollution

Slaughter House Pollution

The odor, solid waste and untreated sewage produced in the sewage treatment process are the main pollutants of the sewage treatment plant, some of which will enter the village through the air and Ng Tung River, thus affecting the environment.

NH3, H2S, blood, grease, hair, viscus, undigested food, excreta, bacteria are the main pollutants of the slaughter house. Although they managed it well, a small amount of pollutants still came into the village through the air and Ng Tung River.

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Bitumen Plant Pollution

Urban Waste

The gas from the bitumen plant is the biggest polutant in the village. According to the villagers, the smell even affects their sleeping in some serious cases, but has been improved recently.

Most of the villagers will directly discharge the domestic sewage into the ponds (due to the lack of awareness of ecological protection and good treatment methods), which causes a certain degree of pollution to the water over time.

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Water Quality Test On October 19, we went to Fu Tei Au to conduct the water collection.

Considering about the diversity of pond types in the village, which includes natural lake, artifical aquatic pond and pond with water hyacinth as we set respectively as sample A, B, C. The sample D is the drilled water as a control group for the water quality. From the statistics of experiment, we observe that all samples contain very low quantity of NH, NO2-, Cl- and H2S, which are harmful for the ecology of the pond system, while in term of PH, O2 and water hardness is in a relatively great difference. It illustrates that the human intervention and biological invasion have some influence on the water quality and ecological system of the ponds in Fu Tei Au.

SAMPLE

O2

PH

Hardness

NH3/NH4+

NO2-

Cl-

A

9

8.2

5

0.2

<0.005

<0.2

<0.02

B

8

6.6

3.75

0.2

<0.005

<0.2

<0.02

C

7

6

1.25

0.6

<0.005

<0.2

<0.02

D

7

6

Soft

0

56

<0.005

<0.2

H2S

<0.02

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Site Photo

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

食物與垃圾處理 Food and Waste Treatment in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Shui Food waste problem has been striking Hong Kong since its establishment. The ever-growing population and their waste cannot find its way forward. Landfilling the waste has become the sole strategy of treatment in this world city besides recycling. Other cities such as Taipei, Korea, and Singapore have proven to have done a much better job than us. We create the largest amount of waste among the areas while having the least solutions to deal with it. Among the 9,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) that is thrown into the landfill daily, food waste constitutes the majority of putrescible waste (around 90%), which accounts for 3240 tonnes per day. Growing our food has become an escalated need from our society. Hong Kong’s fresh food supply mainly relies on imports. According to the AFCD’s statistics on fresh food, nearly 90% of Hong Kong’s imported vegetables come from China. However, in 1985, the “self-sufficiency rate of fresh vegetables” in Hong Kong reached 30%, which proves that our local agricultural industry is not unable to “grow their own vegetables. Our reliance on import vegetables has made us suspectable to foreign crisis and caused unnecessary energy demand.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

In Fu Tei Au Village, home to 300 households, a considerate amount of food and garden waste is produced every day. Domestic sewage is first discharged to abandoned fish ponds, which overflow to Ng Tung River seasonally. The sewage in turn flows into the Shek Wu Hui Sewage Treatment Plant via the river. Domestic waste is gathered at garbage bins scattered at Fu Tei Au Road voluntarily. Much is dumped deliberately at roadside of the village and near the garbage bins. Aquaponics is a sustainable method of raising both fish and Aquaponics is believed to be a better way to solve the waste and lack of local food production problems. vegetables. It can be handled with individuals, entrepreneurs, educators, missions, and governments. There are countless benefits of aquaponics. It uses 1/6th of the water to grow 8 times more food per acre compared to traditional agriculture. All-natural fertilizer sources from fish waste whereas no reliance on mined and manufactured fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides are needed. Fish are free of growth hormones and antibiotics. The integrated system is sustainable, earth-friendly, efficient, sustainable and highly productive. It is known that 2/3 of FTA has been reserved as agriculture land by the Lands Department, which is essential to preserve migratory birds and their food source to sustain their lifestyle. FTA has a history of rearing fish as seen from the number of fish ponds. However, most of them have been abandoned and only a few have practice. Over 70% of the abandoned fish ponds can be revived for the sustaining of important bird species using aquaponics in the outdoor scale.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE Farmland to Brownfield in Fanling North from 1997

Typologies of facilities of Brownfield in Fanling North

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Aquaculture in Fu Tei Au

udes e a we d rm rates nce

1

3 4

2

1940s-1960s

1960s-1980s

1

2/3

Tropical Fish Aquaculture

Goldfish

1980s-now

Angle Fish

4

Aritificial Pond Aquaculture

Channa Argus

Grass Aarp

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Natural Pond Aquaculture

Eriocheir Sinensis

Clam

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Aquaculture in Fu Tei Au

Start of KCR

KCR Bricks

Wu Brick Works Relics

Existing Bridge

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Fish eat and produce ammonia Beneficial bacteria convert ammonia into nutrients Plants absorb the natural fertilizer Water is continuously recirculated through the system

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE Various Scales of Aquaponics

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE Case Study of Ecologcial Economy in Hong Kong

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

經驗 Experience Mrs So (蘇太) Age: 70 Years in FTA: more than 30 years; lived in Tai Wai public housing before Occupation: housewife Family members: 4 children, 5 grandchildren in total; 2 children and 5 grandchildren living together in FTA now; 3 dogs Memories •

Dinner with children and grandchildren (17ppl in total) outside the house appreciate flowers and trees in the garden e.g. ginger, mango tree, Tian Qi (田七), Cultivars (烏 雞草) • joined Yu Lan Festival celebrations 10 years ago - singing and eating together with villagers => Connection with nature => Joyful living in FTA Advantages/Benefits • •

Spacious living environment (VS in public housing with 4 children fighting everyday) Sufficient Sunlight and good air quality

Disadvantages • • •

traffic inconvenience flooding 10 years ago whenever typhoon, but no more now fire sometimes in Qingming Festival and Chung Yeung Festival, when many come to worship ancestors -> take water pipe and firefight

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

努力 Effort Ming Gor (明哥) Age: 70 Years in FTA: 60 years; lived in mainland China and came HK during the Big Escape in 1950s settled in FTA because grandfather was here already Occupation: car repair Family members: wife, cat and dog (children moved out) Memories •

used to have 20 gooses as pets more than 10 years ago • Liu’s family welcomed people coming, in order to receive rents (in the form of food); there was much obsolete farmland before => would be beaten up if not pay => Connection with nature => Joyful living in FTA Advantages/Benefits •

Spacious living environment (VS the metaphor of pigeon-living in a super enclosed space just to reproduce) • animals and plants - butterflies friends with neighbours, many are from Dongguan (東莞) and Chaozhou (潮州) who came together during the Big Escape Mutual assistance e.g. helped each other in harvesting , plowing (耕田)

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

權利 Entitlement Dee Gor (Dee哥) Role in FTA: Secretary for more than 10 years Age: 66 Years in FTA: 50 years, born in Sheung Shui Wai, the village next to FTA; parents were from Chaozhou (潮州) Occupation: PCCW Family members: wife (車衣), cat and dog (4 children moved out) Memories • a well built in 1988 in his house => Joyful living in FTA Contributions to FTA • • • • • • • • • • • •

help distribute resources to villagers e.g.

TV, new year cake, rice recommended by villagers as village representative fight for FTA villagers’ rights against NE NT Development Planning e.g. protest outside LegCo 3 Requests settle villagers first, begin construction after reasonable settlement, reasonable compensation exemption of asset review current situation: 10 FTA families settled in Po Shek Wu Estate (寶石湖邨) FTA village 2/3 preserved FTA village 1/3 to be developed, including the houses of Dee Gor and village Chief Sun Gor

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

生態 Ecology Mr Lit (烈生) Role in FTA: active member in ecology protection; also mediator between villagers Age: 60 Years in FTA: more than 10 years, considered as new immigrant Occupation: unemployed and take CSSA (綜援); take care of family Family members: 2 daughters and 1 son Future • • • • • •

concern the ownership of the building usage by villagers FTA image to society FTA principle: harmony history, religion, heritage -> representative ecology and city in harmony

Environmental Concerns • migratory birds used to fly from the north and settle at Long Yuen and Mai Po, but they face much difficulties as Shenzhen becomes urbanized • there is a change in flying pattern of migratory birds: they now fly from northeast. If FTA urbanization continues, their migratory behaviour will be disturbed again • Greater Bay Area 5600km2 vs HK (tgt with water bodies) 2275km2 -> the development of 13 cities in GBA -> effects on HK ecology?

• HK development e.g. NENT => effects on HK ecology?

• Planning Department: 1/3 govt land and 2/3 farmland • PlanD thinks FTA has no ecological value (info from LandsD) in 2014 • LandsD - dead trees • ecological value: wetlands (wet throughout the year), fireflies

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

廢墟與回憶 Ruins and Memories in Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Shui Wai It is relatively easy to discover ruins in Fu Tei Au Village, being scattered around in the lands and hills of the surrounding area. All ruins contain certain memories of the past or even memories that has gone beyond the scale of human time.

Yet, some of these ruins are also part of everyday lives for the locals, physically and spiritually connected to their living space. With all these memory combined, maggled and layered, leads us to uncover these different layers.

It is believed that the collective understanding of these memories informs a certain identity of the village. Although the complexity of ruins and memories and lack of historical records created an interesting rural community, it has also causes the vagueness of their identity. This situation is further worsen due the departure of local population with the pressure of government’s redevelopments. As an non-indigenous village, Fu Tei Au’s villagers has long been struggled to establish their own identity though fighting for the recognition of Liu’s family, government and the fellow citizen of Hong Kong.

Through the process of research, uncovering the complex history and memories of Fu Tei Au. We have also grown to understand and acknowledge the quality of ‘ambiguilty’ of this land. Although every villagers have a common understanding of some basic history of the village, it is their own interpretation of history (memory) that creates a refreshing experience for us. Moreover, we have also realised the regeneration of this project is not restricted phyically at preservation of structures with historical value. According to ‘Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage’, published by UNESCO, it is also important to acknowledge the living history, such as rituals, skills or ‘Storytelling’...

In order to re-establish their identity, this research attempt to uncover the lost connection of Fu Tei Au Village and Sheung Shui Wai through examining the location, meaning of their sacred structures (Tombs, Ancestry Halls, Shrines, Temples...). Working not only with historical maps, we also interview few of the locals on their memories of the village in its past glory.

Left: Drawing of Mr. Chow’s Roof, layered with

It is expected that a possible site for regeneration can be informed by reconnecting series of connections between different parties in the wider Shueng Shui area.

timber planks, Tar, Zinc coated iron cladding and neon cloth. In a micro scale, domestic scale, we can see the complicated layer of memories/ history of his house.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Meaning of Ruins In this research, we will specifilly explore ‘Where’, ‘Why’, ‘How’ does sacred structures (now ruined) represents identity of a collective community and how Fu Tei Au Village was once and highly influenced by the Liu’s in Sheung Shui Wai.

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Non-Indigenous Villages in Hong Kong Non-Indigenous Villages are common type of estabishment in Northern New Territories.

Among all Non-Indigenous Villages, why is Fu Tei Au Village so special?

We need to reconnect Fu Tei Au Village historically with the Liu’s (Indigenous villagers) in Sheung Shiu Wai. By examining the sacred spaces in this area, we can understand why Du Tei Au Village is part of the wider Sheung Shui Wai area.

Top: Location of Non-indigenous villages in Hong Kong

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Non-Indigenous Villages in Hong Kong Non-Indigenous Villages are common type of establishment in Northern New Territories.

Among all Non-Indigenous Villages, why is Fu Tei Au Village so special?

We need to reconnect Fu Tei Au Village historically with the Liu’s (Indigenous villagers) in Sheung Shiu Wai. By examining the sacred spaces in this area, we can understand why Du Tei Au Village is part of the wider Sheung Shui Wai area.

Top: Location of Non-indigenous villages in Hong Kong

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1964

2016

Water system and isolation of Fu Tei Au Village The progressive isolation of Fu Tei Au Village from the rest of Shueng Shui is caused by the changes of water system across the years. In 1964, in order to faciltate the need of farming, canals are dug for the ease of watering crops.

It is also believed that paths has also been established in between fields. These rice fields are mostly situated between Fu Tei Au Village and Shueng Shui Wai. Governement re-shaped Ng Tung River and the water system around the area disconnected Fu Tei Au Village with the Urban area of Sheung Shui. Once canals, filled to become lands for factory, utilities... This further isolated Fu Tei Au Village from Sheung Shei Wai.

Left: Measuring Sheung Shui: the 30 degree isolation line for Fu Tei Au Village Top: Analysis of water systems and roads in Sheung Shui Wai (1964 and 2016)

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Landscape of Memories In this research, we will specifilly explore ‘Where’, ‘Why’, ‘How’ does sacred strcutures (now ruined) represents identity of a collective community and how Fu Tei Au Village was once and highly influenced by the Liu’s in Sheung Shui Wai.

With all information consolidated, it has clearly shown Man Ming Temple, now ruined, as a central point of the wider Fu Tei Au and Sheung Shui Wai area. Man Ming Temple was once the temple of scholars, it was built by the Liu’s during Qing Dynasty and destroyed by the Japanese army during World War II. People in the past will visit the temple to pray for their success on their exams before heading to the capital.

Right: Landscape of Memories, a maping of the past in Fu Tei Au Village, interview with ‘Ming Gor’.

Bottom: 1946 Map of Fu Tei Au Village, drawn by ‘Ming Gor’ from his memory of the past.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

住宅類型 Dwelling Typology Dwellings illustrate the relationship between the lifestyle of the users, traces of history and the culture of the place.

Dwellings in Fu Tei Au village show a strong relationship between the land (nature) and the house (human) which we could rarely find in a city.

Through studying and investigating how the dwellings in Fu Tei Au village are designed, we can get a grasp in the way of living of the villagers and the history of the place. Using simple materials such as corrugated metal sheets and timber sticks - building materials for squatter houses but yet creating rich spatial experiences that serve the villager’s activities.

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Six Houses in Ruin 六間遺痕

Six houses in ruin is the heritage to express the history and habitation during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941-1945). The construction of the houses introduces the history of Japanese invasion and the Battle of Hong Kong at the region of the New Territories.

Guidance of the six houses in ruin

The view of six houses in ruin

34

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4

3

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

1.

2.

1. TERRACED HOUSE

5.

2. WELL HOUSE

3.STILT HOUSE

Six Houses in Ruin 六間遺痕

Six houses in ruin is the heritage to express the history and habitation during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941-1945). The construction of the houses introduces the history of Japanese invasion and the Battle of Hong Kong at the region of the New Territories.

4. POND HOUSE Guidance of the six houses in ruin

The view of six houses in ruin

34

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

從搖籃到搖籃 Our Regenerative Design Framework for Fu Tei Au Village Referenced to the three existing frameworks on regenerative design, this framework attempts to bridge the divide between the theory and actual practice of regenerative design. Equipping with the framework, the existence and future of Fu Tei Au Village can be assessed, evaluated and compared in terms of regenerative development and hence we can be better understanding of the site.

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REGEN

by USGBC

LENSES

by Colorado State University and the Rocky Mountain Institute

Perkins + Will Framework

by Perkins and Will Architects and University of British Columbia

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Our Regenerative Design Framework for Fu Tei Au Village: An Evaluation Based on Qualitative Method (e.g. Face-to-Face Interview)

Creativity & Innovation

Air & Water

Employment & Productivity

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

Goods & Services

Economy

Nature

Happiness, Satisfaction & Comfort

Accessibility & Transport

Man-made

Human

Operation, Maintenance & Residue

Culture & Lifestyle

Society

Regulation & Policy (e.g. Land Use, OZP)

Physical & Mental Health & Safety Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit

Min. Score -30

Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding

0

-2

Degenerative

-1 0

Sustainable

+1 Focal Point

+2

Regenerative

104

Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity

Max. Score +30

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Creativity & Innovation

Air & Water

Employment & Productivity

Nature

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

Goods & Services

Economy

Nature

Happiness, Satisfaction & Comfort

Accessibility & Transport

Human

Man-made Operation, Maintenance & Residue

Culture & Lifestyle

Society

Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials: - Allotment, social entitlement, behavior, education, massaging development scale and intensity of use.

- Principle of limited but effective usage.

- Consideration of local source of materials (regional materials).

- Minimum energy performance provisioned and achievement.

- Availability of renewable energy and its production.

- Consideration of surrounding density, diverse uses, sensitive land protection and high priority site.

- Minimum open space and landscaping provisioned.

Regulation & Policy (e.g. Land Use, OZP)

Physical & Mental Health & Safety Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding

Air & Water: - Amount of used, impact and degradation.

- Current and future availability and security for all living things.

- Water consumption reduction and minimizing disruption on air quality with maintaining its performance.

- Water harvesting and recycling.

Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity

Species, Biodiversity & Habitat: - Ecological variations in species, populations, communities and ecosystems over time and space.

- Adaptability for a species, population, community and ecosystem to withstand and recover from internally/ externally imposed changes.

- Habitat conservation and related management strategies to protect habitats and any rare or endangered species over the territory.

- Provision on protecting or restoring habitat if needed.

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Man-made

Society

Accessibility & Transport: - Choices of various quality transport methods.

- The manner of community connection by transport.

- Transport solutions connecting surrounding area.

- Green transport facilities provided (e.g. bicycle).

- Pedestrian-oriented transport development.

Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity: Creating communal ownership and responsibility by actively engaging and informing related members that helps them feel safe and represented.

- Creating opportunities by an inclusive and collective decision-making process.

- Ensuring inclusivity and empowerment of all living things.

- Including many things so as to encourage nondiscrimination.

- Encouragement of online and offline platforms to connect users and habitants.

- Assurance of habitants to enjoy spaces safely, easily and with dignity.

Operation, Maintenance & Residue: - Effective operation and maintenance practices that minimising negative impact on ecosystems.

- Utilizing leftovers by reuse/ recycle so as to eliminates use of limited resources.

- Waste handling facilities and management planning provisioned.

- Control on waste odour and biological contaminations.

Regulation & Policy (e.g. Land Use, OZP): - Land uses considering ecosystem preservation, protection, and regeneration.

- All land uses appropriated for human needs and productions.

- Land preserved for building, facilities and infrastructure.

Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding: - Identifying stakeholders and community impacts.

- Relationships between people, organizations, and communities.

- Minimum public space provisioned.

Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit: - Sharing same core value and envision for future development.

- Content development, delivery, and succession of rituals, history, folkways and spirit.

- Understanding, honoring and prising local culture.

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Human

Economy

Physical & Mental Health & Safety: - Opportunities for relaxation, rejuvenation, culture, creative expression, interactions with nature, personal development and spiritual growth that create balance.

- Facilitation of more healthy and active living by integrating physical activities in the design for an active lifestyle.

- Assurance of good Environmental Quality (EQ), including thermal comfort, quality views, acoustic performance and daylight and artificial lighting conditions of normal development over the territory.

- Promoting biophilic design by providing constant interaction with living things and natural surroundings to nurture the innate human-nature connection.

- Minimum open space and landscaping provisioned.

Goods & Services: - Choices of various goods and services, a.k.a. amenities, for daily living.

Employment & Productivity: - Providing secure source of funds by local employment for local future development.

- Capacity for regeneration in terms of economic productivity.

Creativity & Innovation: - Content, delivery, and reception of unique skills and information.

- Encouragement of ideals of creativity with local characteristics.

- Encouragement of innovative and new culture, techniques, practices or design that are yet to find in the mainstream application.

- Initiating behaviour change.

Culture & Lifestyle: - Providing convenient access to physical exercise, affordable and healthy food options, natural light, fresh air, and safe environments that are well maintained.

- Promoting biophilic design by providing constant interaction with living things and natural surroundings to nurture the innate human-nature connection.

Happiness, Satisfaction & Comfort: - Supporting health and comfort, so as to encourage happiness and satisfaction.

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Aspect

Component

Nature

Focal Point

References

Air & Water

Air Quality Health Index by Environmental Protection Department (EPD); Beach Water Quality/ Marine Water Quality/ River Water Quality by Environmental Protection Department (EPD)

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials

Mean Wind Direction and Speed by Hong Kong Observatory (HKO); Solar Radiation by Hong Kong Observatory (HKO)

Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

Existence of various species, biodiversity and habitat; Ecological Alpha Diversity, Beta Diversity and Gamma Diversity

Accessibility & Transport

Existence of quality and green transport in both public and private means

Operation, Maintenance & Residue

Existence of plan on Operation and Maintenance (O&M), and treatment on residue over the territory

Regulation & Po licy (e.g. Land Use, OZP)

Existence of planning and regulation over the territory

Participation, Empowerment & Cho ice, Justice & Equity

Existence of Universal Accessibility, Universal Accessibility and Family Friendly features; Existence of measure on encourging active participation

Foundat ion

Man-made

So ciety

Place

Human

Eco nomy

Co mmunity, Neighborhood, Existence of adequate shared amenities (e.g. public space) for Partnership, Rapport & Bo nding the neighbourhood over the territory

Rituals, History, Fo lkways & Spirit

Declared monuments/ graded historic buildings by the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO); Intangible cultural heritage (Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) by UNESCO

Physical & Mental Health & Safety

Population Health Survey by Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of Department of Health (DoH); Mental Health Review Report by Food and Health Bureau (FHB)

Culture & Lifestyle

Existence of unique culture and lifestyle over the territory

Happiness, Satisfaction & Co mfo rt

Subjective well-being valuation by OECD (Life Satisfaction, Affect and Eudaimonic Well-being)

Go o ds & Services

Existence of amenities located within the territory or 500m walking distance/ an equivalent horizontal commuting time from the territory entrances and are made available for public use

Emplo yment & Pro ductivity

Existence of commercial activities over the territory

Creativity & Inno vation

Existence of innovative and new culture, techniques, practices or design

Reference for Each Focal Point Under Different Component of the Two Aspects

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Regenerative design case studies on Fu Tei Au Village The regenerative design framework is applied on Fu Tei Au Village for evaluation and better understanding of the case.

Car repairment garage

Lui Cho Temple

Poultry & animals

Colorful well

Kid’s hammock

Red brick bridge

Man Ming Temple

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

+2

Air & Water

+1

0

Creativity & Innovation

0

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials

Employment & Productivity

0

Goods & Services

-2

-1 -2

Happiness, Satisfaction & Comfort

+1

Culture & Lifestyle

Operation, Maintenance & Residue

0

0

Regulation & Policy (e.g.

Land Use, OZP)

Physical & Mental Health & Safety

+1

+2

Accessibility & Transport

Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding

Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit

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+1

Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity

+1

Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Photo Collage Showing Regenerative Design Elements in Fu Tei Au Village

Air & Water

Land, Energy (Sun & Wind) & Materials

- A natural pond in the village.

- A polluted pond is being restored by villagers.

- An abandoned well preserved underground water of the village.

- On-site bricks are used.

- Original materials are kept since construction.

Species, Biodiversity & Habitat

- A range of animals is being kept by villagers.

- A range of plantations is being kept or planted by villagers.

Regulation & Policy (e.g.

Land Use, OZP) - The envisaged official plan preserved part of farming habitat.

Participation, Empowerment, Choice & Equity

- Active participations by different villagers fight for their shared core value, protecting their village.

Rituals, History, Folkways & Spirit - Long and precious history can be seen from historic architecture in the viillage.

Community, Neighborhood, Partnership, Rapport & Bonding

- Regular meeting among villagers and in-coming helpers (e.g. social workers).

- Regular ace-to-face communication among villagers.

- Shared core value and worshipping god with common public spaces for regular gathering.

Culture & Lifestyle

Employment & Productivity

- Villagers keep watchdogs to guard their home.

- Villagers burn “mosquito coil” to get rid of the insects.

Creativity & Innovation - A kid enjoys his hammock secured between two trees.

- A few car repairment activities happen in the village.

Regenerative design in Fu Tei Au Village

The Regenerative design framework is applied on Fu Tei Au Village for evaluation and better understanding of the site.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Regenerative design case studies on Arcosanti, Arizona, the U.S.A. The regenerative design framework is applied on Arcosanti for evaluation and better understanding of the case.

Level

2

East Crescent Roof

- Its operation dominated by concept of social sustainable economy with workshops, performances, venue rental, and wind-bell selling. The principle of social sustainable economy is highly depended on non-profit making and donations.

Vault Roof

Level

Employment Employment & & Productivity Productivity

1

Goods Goods & & Services Services

Eco Happiness, Happiness, Satisfaction Satisfaction & & Comfort Comfort

Hum Amphitheatre Seating

Level

0

Culture Culture & & Lifestyle Lifestyle

Recreation Room

- Community shared belief of necessarily needs of close contact with other humans for humankind.

Apse for Ceramic

Vaults

Level

-1

Level

-2

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Physical Physical & & Mental Mental Health Health & & Safety Safety

Ritual Ritua Histor Histor Folkway Folkwa & & Spi Spi

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

- Acrosanti sticks with the principle of limited but effective energy (sun & wind) usage with specific orientation. Its oriented southward apse tries to capture sun light and heat.

Creativity Creativity & & Innovation Innovation

ls, als, ry, ry, ys ays irit irit

- Consideration of local source of materials of silt-covered concrete to blend with the landscape.

Land, Land, Energy Energy (Sun (Sun & & Wind) Wind) & & Materials Materials

- High density yet minimizing ecological impact with limited land consumption.

Species, Species, Biodiversity Biodiversity & & Habitat Habitat

onomy

man

Air Air & & Water Water

Nature Accessibility Accessibility & & Transport Transport

Man-made Society

Regulation Regulation & & Policy Policy (e.g. (e.g. Land Land Use, Use, OZP) OZP) Community, Community, Neighborhood, Neighborhood, Partnership, Partnership, Rapport Rapport & & Bonding Bonding

- Reusing scraps for making wind-bell for selling.

Operation, Operation, Maintenance Maintenance & & Residue Residue

Participation, Participation, Empowerment, Empowerment, Choice Choice & & Equity Equity

- Encouraging “walking and cycling only” transit.

- Acrosanti got its shared core values and collective goal including completing the prototype, self-sufficient harmony, self-sustained & collaborative, “mosaic of cultures” community, skill-sharing education and experimental community exploring social & psychological alternatives to minimal energy consumption.

- It encourages active participatory design and civic engagement by handson construction, skills and knowledge exchange workshops and wind-bell making.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

Regenerative design case studies on Qingyan Ancient Town, China The regenerative design framework is applied on Qingyan Ancient Town for evaluation and better understanding of the case.

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fififi fififi fififi fi fififififiopfifififi

fifi fifi 15 ° fififi Tfifi fiofifififififi fi fififi Nofififi fifi

fi woofifi bfififik fikfi

Employment Employment & & Productivity Productivity

- With the help of the government, the villagers have achieved a well-off life relying on tourism.

- Major scenic spots have been renovated and connected to the tourist routes.

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fifififififi Towfifi fi ofifififififi fififi ofifififi fi fifififififi fifi fi

- The government has vigorously developed tourism, handicrafts and specialty food.

Goods Goods & & Services Services

Eco Happiness, Happiness, Satisfaction Satisfaction & & Comfort Comfort

Hum Culture Culture & & Lifestyle Lifestyle

Physical Physical & & Mental Mental Health Health & & Safety Safety

- It was built in the 10th year of Hongwu (1378) in the Ming Dynasty.

It was originally a military fortress.

Towfi (Mfififififififi Cfifififi)

- Famous for “four religions in one”.

114

Ritual Ritual Histor Histor Folkway Folkway & & Spir Spir

虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

- Belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid area. The annual average temperature is 15°c and the relative humidity is 81%. The dominant wind direction is south in summer and North in winter. The building materials are mainly wood, black brick and ancient Great Wall brick.

Creativity Creativity & & Innovation Innovation

ls, ls, ry, ry, ys ys rit rit

- The soil types are mainly yellow, lime and paddy, and they are neutral and slightly acidic. Forest coverage reaches 13.29%. It belongs to the Pearl River system and has a good prospect of water energy development utilization.

Land, Land, Energy Energy (Sun (Sun & & Wind) Wind) & & Materials Materials Species, Species, Biodiversity Biodiversity & & Habitat Habitat

onomy

man

Air Air & & Water Water

Nature Accessibility Accessibility & & Transport Transport

Man-made

- In Huaxi District, it’s more than an hour’s drive from the city center.

- There are many temples in Qingyan Town. There are 8 archways inside and outside the city gate, and there are 3 existing ones.

- On February 25, 2017, it was listed as a national 5A tourist attraction.

Operation, Operation, Maintenance Maintenance & & Residue Residue

Society

Regulation Regulation & & Policy Policy (e.g. (e.g. Land Land Use, Use, OZP) OZP) Community, Community, Neighborhood, Neighborhood, Partnership, Partnership, Rapport Rapport & & Bonding Bonding

Participation, Participation, Empowerment, Empowerment, Choice Choice & & Equity Equity

- Put “Kongming lamp”, “water mouse” and “Baoding” on the festival to pray for peace.

- Relying on mountains and rivers, the air is fresh, the villagers are self sufficient, mainly living in handicraft industry and agriculture.

- The ancient town has complete infrastructure.

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虎地坳 - 再生 REGENERATION OF FU TEI AU VILLAGE

116