Peanut Grower February 2024

The

PEANUTGROWER ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC

FEBRUARY 2024

THE PEANUT PRODUCER'S MARKETING & PRODUCTION MAGAZINE www.peanutgrower.com

2024

VARIETY GUIDE

S:7"

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The best way to succeed this season is to be ready for the ones that follow. And with the proven data and results of PhytoGen® cottonseed, you can be confident your operation is ready to flourish for seasons to come.

Learn more about PhytoGen and the Enlist® weed control system at ProvenPhytoGen.com.

Trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its affiliated companies. The Enlist® weed control system is owned and developed by Corteva Agriscience LLC. © 2023 Corteva. (09/23) BR CAAG3PHYG057

™®

The

FEBRUARY 2024

PEANUTGROWER ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC

FEBRUARY 2024

THE PEANUT PRODUCER'S MARKETING & PRODUCTION MAGAZINE www.peanutgrower.com

Volume 36 • Number 2 2024

VARIETY GUIDE

Departments 4

Editor’s Note What to expect from NPB’s new CEO

5

News Briefs Welcome news: Continued suspension of the EU’s retaliatory tariff

8

Market Watch Production costs above prices for all rotation partners

Stay Connected

10 Features

9

Cost Of Production, The Farm Bill And Need For Risk Management Auburn University professor Adam Rabinowitz offers tips on mitigating rising costs.

10 2024 Variety Guide

Use the data and varietal descriptions to plan the next crop field-by-field.

22 Building Texas’ Organic Production Sign up for the monthly e-newsletter at peanutgrower.com to have exclusive industry news and content delivered directly to your inbox.

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension will lead Texas TOPP, the Transition to Organic Partnership Program, to recruit, train, mentor and advise farmers in organic production.

www.peanutgrower.com PeanutGrower @PeanutGrower @ThePeanutGrower TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

Cover photo provided by International Peanut Group.

FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 3

EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION Editor Amanda Huber ahuber@onegrower.com Copy Editor Cassidy Nemec cnemec@onegrower.com Art Director Ashley Kumpe Digital Content Manager Katie Guthrie

ADMINISTRATION Publisher/Vice President Lia Guthrie (901) 497-3689 lguthrie@onegrower.com Associate Publisher/Editor-In-Chief Carroll Smith (901) 326-4443 Associate Publisher/Sales Scott Emerson (386) 462-1532 semerson@onegrower.com Audience Services Kate Thomas (847) 559-7514 Production Manager David Boyd dboyd@onegrower.com For subscription changes or change of address, call (847) 559-7578 or email peanutgrower@omeda.com

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Scott Monfort Extension Agronomist University of Georgia Dell Cotton Peanut Growers Cooperative Marketing Assn., Franklin, VA Kris Balkcom Agri-Program Associate Auburn University Dan Anco Extension Peanut Specialist Clemson University

Emi Kimura Extension Agronomist Texas A&M University David Jordan Extension Agronomist North Carolina State University Glen Harris Extension Agronomist University of Georgia Jason Ferrell Extension Weed Specialist University of Florida

ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC Mike Lamensdorf PRESIDENT/TREASURER Lia Guthrie PUBLISHER/VICE PRESIDENT The Peanut Grower (ISSN 1042-9379) is an agribusiness magazine for U.S. peanut producers. Published in eight monthly issues, January through July and November. Annual subscriptions are $40.00. Single Copy price is $5.00. Annual overseas subscriptions are $70.00, including Canada/Mexico. Periodicals postage paid at at Memphis, Tennessee, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2024 One Grower Publishing, LLC, all rights reserved except where otherwise noted. The Peanut Grower ® is a registered trademark, which reserves all rights granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in association with the registration. POSTMASTER: SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO OMEDA COMMUNICATIONS, CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT, P.O. BOX 1388, NORTHBROOK, IL 60065-1388. All statements, including product claims, are those of the person or organization making the statement or claim. The publisher does not adopt any such statement or claim as its own, and any such statement or claim does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the publisher. Printed in the USA. One Grower Publishing, LLC, also publishes Cotton Farming, Rice Farming, Soybean South and Corn South.

Editor’sNote Editor’s Note What To Expect From NPB’s New CEO

A

s the New Year got underway, a new president and CEO took over the reins of the National Peanut Board.

But he’s not brand new. For more than 15 years, Ryan Lepicier has led marketing and communications at NPB, most recently serving as senior vice president and chief marketing officer. Not one to rest on the laurels of CEOs before him, I talked with Ryan about his plans and how he would work to move NPB, growers and the industry forward.

Q: What is your philosophy in being NPB president and CEO? Amanda Huber First, I would not have applied for the job Editor, The Peanut Grower if I didn’t think I could add value to this position. In the immediate future, we need to let growers, our stakeholders, know that we have the passion, innovation and capability of leading NPB into this next chapter. I also believe that we have an opportunity to work smarter and be more efficient.

Our bullseye needs to be centered on delivering maximum impact for growers. For example, in the past, we tried to do all things in the foodservice arena.

Because of that, we might be missing opportunities in K-12 and college dining.

We decided – what if we focus on the barrier of peanut allergy? So that’s what we’re doing. We will work to remove that allergy barrier, then we can show them innovative ways to use peanuts in their menus.

Q: What can growers do to help NPB in their mission?

Growers can help tell the story of peanuts in their own communities, especially in the area of peanut allergy and the early introduction of peanut. Growers are very involved in their communities. They serve on school boards, councils, advisory boards and rotary. They know doctors, principals and school personnel. Peanuts can be served in schools while protecting kids with allergies, and growers can help make sure that’s happening in their communities. The NPB will come in with the resources and information, but we need growers to make those connections and introductions. That would be something simple that growers can do in their own communities that would help promote peanuts and move our industry forward on the allergy issue.

Next month, I’ll continue my talk with Ryan where we’ll discuss NPBfunded production research as well as a change in how peanut allergy research will be funded in the future.

One Grower Publishing, LLC 875 W. Poplar Ave., Suite 23, Box 305 Collierville, TN 38017

4 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

PEANUTGROWER.COM

NewsBriefs News Briefs Time To Select Farm Programs

Farmers can now enroll in the Farm Service Agency’s Agriculture Risk Coverage and Price Loss Coverage programs for the 2024 crop year. The deadline to complete enrollment and any election change is March 15, 2024.

Farmers can elect coverage and enroll in ARC-County or PLC, which provide crop-by-crop protection, or ARCIndividual, which protects the entire farm. Although election changes for 2024 are optional, farmers must enroll through a signed contract each year.

Also, if a farmer has a multi-year contract on the farm, it will continue for 2024 unless an election change is made.

Covered commodities include barley, canola, large and small chickpeas, corn, crambe, flaxseed, grain sorghum, lentils, mustard seed, oats, peanuts, dry peas, rapeseed, long grain rice, medium grain rice, safflower seed, seed cotton, sesame, soybeans, sunflower seed and wheat.

ARC and PLC payments for a given crop year are paid out the following fall to allow actual county yields and the Market Year Average prices to be finalized. These payments help mitigate fluctuations in either revenue or prices for certain crops. Payments for crops that may trigger for the 2023 crop year will be issued in the fall of 2024.

Program elections and enrollments can impact eligibility for some crop insurance products.

For more information on ARC and PLC, producers can visit the ARC and PLC webpage or contact their local USDA Service Center.

Enroll Now In Sustainability Program

The American Peanut Council is currently enrolling growers for the third crop year of the Sustainable U.S. Peanut Initiative. The industry-wide initiative documents and measures growers’ environmental footprint to help tell the posTWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

itive story about peanut sustainability to consumers, customers, government, trading partners and other stakeholders.

The program is creating transparency that will serve the entire supply chain – from the people who love to grow peanuts, to the people who love to eat them.

Enrollment highlights for year two of the initiative include the following: ■ 170 growers managing 98,112 peanut acres in 11 states.

■ 7% of the 2022 U.S.-planted peanut acres or 1.4 million acres.

■ 24,493 peanut acres with a fieldprint analysis, representing 60,204 tons of peanuts.

■ 274 peanut fields.

Growers can enroll now through April.

To learn more, contact Allison Randell at arandell@peanutsusa.com.

Industry Faces Price Increase

For peanut shellers and farmers who participate in the H-2A labor program, new adverse effect wage rates went into effect Jan. 1. Following a 21% increase in the wage in the past 14 months, Georgia’s AEWR is now set at $14.68 for H-2A workers for 2024.

The U.S. Peanut Federation and others have worked with members of our congressional delegation to meet with USDA in an attempt to shed light on the process that determines the AEWR. Regardless of the methodology, Georgia growers and others are now faced with yet another wage increase. Coupled with the complexity and administrative cost to use the program, the escalating wage increases are making the program unaffordable for growers who depend on H-2A workers.

NPB Announces New Officers

The National Peanut Board elected a new slate of officers for a one-year at the start of 2024. Elected are Greg Baltz, Arkansas, chairman; Casey Cox Kerr, Georgia, vice-chairman; Neal Baxley, South Carolina, treasurer; and Jeff

In Brief • The deadline for program sign up at your Farm Service Agency office is March 15.

• Document your sustainability efforts by enrolling in the Sustainable U.S. Peanut Initiative.

• U.S. Peanut Federation calls for transparency in wage system after multiple increases for H-2A workers.

• APC export update: The European Union’s continued suspension of the retaliatory 25% tariff is welcome news.

Roper, Texas, as secretary.

Learn more about the officer team on the “our people” page on the website, www.nationalpeanutboard.org.

The next quarterly board meeting is planned for Jan. 30-31, 2024, in Atlanta, Georgia, where the research committee will consider requests for FY-24 funding for production research from state peanut producer organizations and universities. Funding production research to make America’s peanut farmers more competitive is a core part of the Board’s mission. To learn more about previously approved research projects, see their production research database.

EU Continues Tariff Suspension

The American Peanut Council is pleased by the recent announcement by the European Union to further suspend retaliatory tariffs on U.S. peanut butter until March 31, 2025. The 25% tariff on imports of U.S. peanut butter was set to be reimposed Dec. 31, 2023.

“This is welcome news to the peanut industry and all those working in the supply chain to produce peanut butter for overseas markets,” says APC President and CEO Richard Owen. “But we still FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 5

NewsBriefs News Briefs Second Spray Drone Conference Planned

The Alabama Cooperative Extension System is hosting the second annual Spray Drone End-User Conference Feb. 26-29, at The Lodge at Gulf State Park in Gulf Shores, Alabama. The first conference was held virtually in 2023 with 220 people in attendance.

This year, Steve Li, Alabama Extension weed scientist, and his team are offering the conference in a hybrid format.

“The conference was the most comprehensive, end-user-focused spraying event in North America in 2023. We are excited that it is back for 2024,” Li says.

Registration is available online through the Alabama Extension Store at www.aces.edu/go/store. There are two registration fees based on attendance preferences – in-person and remote. Remote attendees will have access to all presentations but will not have access to panels and field demonstrations. Recordings of the presentations will be available to all participants after the conference.

The conference will include technical field demonstrations with several of the latest spray drone models, as well as live swath testing, regulatory updates

from the proper entities, presentations from renowned researchers, equipment manufacturers and experienced drone operators. An additional panel discussion and Q&A with regulatory agency representatives, researchers, equipment manufacturers and experienced custom-spray-drone operators will be held as will a technical session focusing on spray drift management and spray drone repair.

Li began his focus on drone use in field crops in 2019. Since 2022, Li’s research and outreach efforts include approximately 100 field trials, 42 livedrone demonstrations, many educational presentations and regular social

media posts about spray drones.

These efforts have reached more than 154,250 people across 25 countries and six continents.

“Three years ago, we began working with drones and precision technologies,” Li says. “Now, we are heavily focused on delivering crop protection chemicals – including herbicide, fungicides and insecticides – as well as other chemicals that farmers typically use on the farm with these new technologies.”

For more information, visit the conference web page on the Alabama Extension website at www.aces.edu/ go/DroneConference, or contact Li at steveli@auburn.edu.

have a long way to go to recoup our losses of more than $20 million due to a tariff war we didn’t begin, yet all the same are feeling its deep impact.”

The EU’s retaliatory tariffs were in response to 2018 U.S. tariffs on imports of steel and aluminum. As a result of the retaliatory tariffs, U.S. exports of peanut butter and other prepared peanuts exported under harmonized tariff code 2008.11 dropped from a high of nearly $22 million in 2017 to $1.4 million in 2020. In 2021, the United States and the EU agreed to a truce suspending the retaliatory tariffs. Since then, U.S. exports of peanut butter climbed marginally to $2.3 million. However, U.S. peanut butter exports to the EU have

again slipped in 2023, now down 18% to $1.5 million year-to-date through October 2023.

Prior to the retaliatory tariffs, the EU was a promising growth market for U.S. peanut butter as more European consumers were being introduced to the product and demand was growing, due in large part to APC’s export promotion work.

“Compound the past five years of lost market access with increasing input and labor costs, all while peanut prices remain relatively stable amongst other food price inflation, and it has turned into the perfect storm for peanut growers and peanut butter exporters to the EU,” says Owen. “We need to continue work-

ing until the promise of an impending tariff on peanut butter is no longer on the table.”

American Peanut Council’s mission is to support all sectors for the longterm growth of the U.S. peanut industry.

For more information about APC, visit www.peanutsusa.com.

6 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

Georgia Looking For NPB Rep

The Georgia Peanut Commission seeks eligible peanut producers who are interested in serving on the national peanut board. GPC will hold a nominations election to select two nominees each for member and alternate to the National Peanut Board during a meeting on Wednesday, Feb. 7, 2024, at noon PEANUTGROWER.COM

NewsBriefs News Briefs during the GPC research report day at the National Environmentally Sound Production Agriculture Laboratory, located on the University of Georgia Tifton campus at 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, Georgia.

All eligible peanut producers are encouraged to participate. Eligible producers are those who are engaged in the production and sale of peanuts and who own or share the ownership and risk of loss of the crop.

Casey Cox Kerr of Camilla is the current Georgia NPB board member and Wesley Webb of Leary serves as the alternate. Their terms expire Dec. 31, 2024.

USDA requires two nominees for each position of member and alternate. NPB will submit Georgia’s slate of nominees to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, who makes the appointments.

NPB encourages inclusion of persons of any race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation and marital or family status. USDA’s policy is that membership on industry-government boards and committees accurately reflect the diversity of individuals served by the programs.

Virginia Growers To Meet T h e Vi r g i n i a Pe a n u t Growe r s Association’s 76th annual meeting will be held Feb. 22, 2024, at the Workforce Development Center, in Franklin, Virginia. The meeting will be held in conjunction with the statewide peanut production meeting. The program begins at 9 a.m. with research updates and Extension production presentations.

After a catered lunch, the association meeting will be conducted by president Wesley Barnes and executive director Caitlin Joyner. Crop yield winners from 2023 will be awarded, and raffle drawings will be held as well.

Peanut Buying Points To Meet The National Peanut Buying Points winter conference is set for Feb. 16-18, 2024, at The Desoto hotel in Savannah, Georgia. The conference theme is “new TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

technology in the peanut world.” All buying points, shellers and industry associates are invited to attend.

The program will kick off Friday night with the president’s welcome reception. Educational sessions will be held Saturday and Sunday mornings. There will be a prayer breakfast Sunday morn-

ing. The NPBPA PAC’s great cash giveaway reception and auction will be held Sunday evening.

Registration is available on the NPBPA website at peanutbuyingpoints. org. For more information or to obtain a registration form, email Angela Elder at spearmanagency@friendlycity.net.

Perfect Peanut Partner Easier management plus higher yield potential

P

roducers across the southern U.S. are switching to cotton varieties that better fit their peanut rotation, making a change that has improved management and increased cotton yield potential.

Travis Mixon farms cotton and peanuts with his father, Clay, in Alabama and Travis Mixon Florida. He made the switch to PhytoGen® brand varieties and has seen the benefits firsthand on his operation. He previously planted cotton varieties that used a dicamba-based herbicide system, but he didn’t like the idea of spraying dicamba near peanuts.

Then he learned about PhytoGen brand varieties with the Enlist ® cotton trait.

PhytoGen® W3FE varieties allow for labeled applications of Enlist One® and Enlist Duo® herbicides, which contain 2,4-D choline. Because Scan for growers commonly use 2,4-Db to control weeds in peanuts, there are distinct synergies between crops. videos Growers can spray Enlist herbicides over their and more!

PhytoGen W3FE varieties, even if peanuts are downwind, because peanuts are considered a compatible crop. When you apply 2,4-Db on peanuts, PhytoGen W3FE varieties are protected from drift because they can metabolize 2,4-Db without damage to the plants.

“We have one sprayer on our operation for our cotton and peanuts,” Mixon said.

“We spray Enlist One herbicide on our cotton and 2,4-Db on the peanuts, and we never have to put dicamba in the tank. Switching back and forth between peanuts and cotton is a big hassle when you put dicamba in your sprayer.”

The benefits go beyond weed control and crop compatibility. Mixon says the performance with PhytoGen brand varieties also shines at the beginning and end of the season.

“PhytoGen cottonseed has a lot more vigor than other seeds,” Mixon said. “Getting it out of the ground and getting a stand is not a problem, and we’ve always had really good yields out of PhytoGen.”

™® Enlist, Enlist Duo, Enlist One, PhytoGen and the PhytoGen Logo are trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its affiliated companies. The Enlist® weed control system is owned and developed by Corteva Agriscience LLC. Enlist Duo® and Enlist One® herbicides are not registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your area. Enlist Duo and Enlist One are the only 2,4-D products authorized for use with Enlist crops. Consult Enlist herbicide labels for weed species controlled. Roundup® and Roundup Ready® are trademarks of Bayer Group. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® technology contains genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, an active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Agricultural herbicides containing glyphosate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. © 2024 Corteva.

FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 7

MarketWatch Market Watch Production Costs Above Prices For All Rotation Partners

A

s farmers approach 2024 planting season, most are hoping it is not similar to the 2023 season.

Peanut production this past year had numerous events, many of which could not be explained. From the cold soils affecting seed emergence to constant record-breaking heat and a lack of rain in critical times, it seemed that the crop was always under stress.

As the crop developed, peanut production issues were different not just state-bystate, but also by county and even fieldby-field. While the nebulous “normal” may not actually exist, should the crop be this varied even on the same farm?

Reduced Outcome Of 2023 Crop The market knew before harvest that it would be difficult for U.S. growers to achieve a 3.1-million-ton crop given the growing conditions that the crop endured in August. The end result was a 2.9-million-ton crop with quality that was less than ideal. The market firmed with higher specifications and higher prices for runners.

Offers on Virginia-type peanuts have been easier to obtain, both from in-shells and kernels. The issue with runners has impacted Virginia kernels as buyers make exceptions or look for alternatives.

Blanching slots remain extremely tight, and blanched jumbos are pricing in the low 80 cents per pound, with blanched splits in the high 70 cents per pound if you can find them.

Will Peanut Be Priced To Plant?

Producers were already asking shellers for higher contracts because of the increase in the costs of production. As shelled peanut prices increased, producers wanted another boost. Some shellers added a $25 per-ton bonus. Many pro8 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

J. Tyron Spearman Contributing Editor, The Peanut Grower

Leading Marketing Indicators (As of Jan. 9, 2024) 2023 Est. Acreage (+17%) ............................................... 1,640,000 acres 2023 Est. Production (3,740 lbs/A) .................................... 2,991,500 tons 2023 Market Loan Total ..................................................... 2,215,399 tons 2023-24 Remaining In Loan ................................................. 237,545 tons 2023-24 Domestic Usage (4 Mo.) ................................................... -1.3 % 2023-24 Exports (10 Mo.) ............................................................ + 13.84% NATIONAL POSTED PRICE (per ton) Runners - $425.29; Spanish - $413.12; Valencia and Virginias - $431.71

ducers decided to place un-contracted tonnage in the government loan for $355 per ton hoping prices would increase before the sheller needed them in the market. With shelled runners offered at 70 cents per pound plus, farmers were being offered $625 to $650 per ton.

What about the 2024 crop? Producers must check in with their sheller/buying point to get an offer. Shellers have to check with manufacturers to get an estimate as to the volume and quality needed and the estimated price they’ll pay. Then, the sheller has to convert offers into farmer-stock contracts, finally making an offer to the farmer to grow the needed peanuts this season. Keeping in mind, costs of land, equipment and financing, farmers must decide how many peanuts to plant.

Are There Any Alternatives?

What about competition for crop acres? Cotton prices are moving parallel at 80 to 82 cents per pound. Corn is being offered at breakeven prices of $4.54 to $5 per bushel as a drop in fertilizer prices might encourage more corn acreage. Soybeans can be contracted for

about $14 per bushel as stocks are the lowest in eight years. However, soybeans are not a good rotation crop for peanuts.

With runner-type peanuts in the range of $500 to $525 per ton, all of these are below the cost of production.

You can read about the projected cost of production rates from Auburn ag economist Adam Rabinowitz on the following page. However, the gist of it is that the total cost of production forecasted for 2024 is $598 per ton, a 28% increase from 2014.

USDA reports that the average price received by farmers for peanuts was 29.5 cents per pound or $590 per ton in November. The October average market price was 26.7 cents per pound or $534 per ton. The peanut program is designed to assist farmers with a Price Loss Coverage payment when the price received is below the reference price of $535 per ton. The average will be higher than the reference price; therefore, no PLC payment will be offered.

Domestic Markets Peanut Stocks and Processing is reportPEANUTGROWER.COM

MarketWatch Market Watch ing peanut usage down 1.3% for the four-month period for raw peanuts in primary products, with peanut butter showing an increase during the period of 1.6%. Comparing November 2022 with the same month in 2023, peanuts in candy decreased 17.8%, snacks were down 13.5%, peanut butter was down 7.6% and in-shells were down 10.7%.

USDA says overall peanut usage is down 1% from the past year.

Exports U.S. peanut exports for the year-to-

date through October increased 13.84% by volume compared to the same period in 2022. Total exports reached 462,421 metric tons, valued at $729.7 million.

Mexico remains the top international market for U.S. peanuts, with shipments increasing 7.07% by volume to 132,342 MT. Mexico, Canada and China are 70% of the U.S. exports.

Peanut industry leadership continues to campaign for an increase in the reference price to offset increases in production costs. The government loan program will clear out the 2022 crop with

‘‘

Peanut industry leadership continues to campaign for an increase in the reference price to offset increases in production costs.

all peanut loans repaid for the second year in a row. That’s good news is you’re talking with your Washington D.C. representatives.

Cost Of Production, The Farm Bill And Need For Risk Management Marketing peanuts can be challenging for producers because of a lack of a futures market and relatively concentrated first buyers. This makes it more important for producers to evaluate their cost of production to help control input costs and make strategic risk management decisions.

According to the USDA Commodity Cost and Returns for peanuts, cost of production increased in 2022 and has stayed at this higher level, like other commodities. The chart shows the 2024 forecasted operating cost of production at $336 per ton. This covers seed, chemicals, fuel, repairs and interest.

Allocated overhead includes general farm expenses that are allocated to the peanut operation, such as labor, the cost of machinery and the opportunity cost of land. When including allocated overhead, the total cost of production is forecasted for 2024 at $598 per ton, a 28% increase from 2014. These costs are slightly lower than the $648 per ton total cost peak forecasted for 2023, but nowhere near the levels seen in earlier years.

In a “Southern Ag Today” article Dec. 4, 2023, it was shown that peanut prices are continuing to rise since the low in 2015, and USDA expects prices to be about $550 per ton for the 2023-2024 marketing year. This is still below the cost of production shown on the chart.

The Farm Bill is a safety net for producTWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

Calculated using annual yields and costs of production from USDA Economic Research Service Commodity Costs and Returns, November 2023. Yields are based on November estimates. 2024 yields are based on a five-year average.

ers with base acres through the ARC/PLC and marketing loan programs, but price levels have not changed since the 2014 Farm Bill. For the PLC program, the reference price is $535 per ton. While the 2018 Farm Bill allowed for an escalation through the effective reference price, that has not triggered for peanuts. Meanwhile, the marketing loan has been set at a rate of $355 per ton. This does not provide a safety net for these higher costs.

While Congress continues to debate the Farm Bill, producers need to look at

alternative marketing strategies and other ways to help mitigate the rising costs of growing peanuts. Cross hedging is a popular marketing strategy used to mitigate risk, but there is little empirical evidence that it is effective for peanuts. That leaves contracting, cost control and crop insurance as the most viable risk management tools for peanut producers.

Article by Adam Rabinowitz, Auburn University agricultural and rural sociology professor, from southernagtoday.org.

FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 9

2024

VARIETY GUIDE

V

ariety selection is one of the most important decisions farmers make all year. Today’s varieties offer multiple levels of disease resistance as well as possible root knot nematode resistance and other important traits. The best variety choice is always one that will achieve a rapid, uniform stand and provide good yield and grade over a wide range of growing conditions.

Field history, irrigation, planting and harvest capabilities, seed availability, seed quality and marketing opportunities are all factors that affect selection. On a field-by-field basis and considering these factors, select the variety or varieties that would best fit into your production system.

RUNNERTYPE VARIETIES AG-18: A high-yielding, high grading, high-oleic runner-type peanut cultivar released from Texas A&M AgriLife Research with good resistance to Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia minor (Jagger)). It exhibits yield and grade attributes equal to or better than Georgia 06G and Georgia 09B and increased consistency when compared to Tamrun OL11. AG18 seed size is smaller than that of Tamrun OL11 and similar to Florunner. No differences in flavors were noted in flavor analysis between AG18 and Tamrun OL11.

AU-NPL 17: This high-oleic, runner-type peanut was released by Auburn University and the National Peanut Research Lab in 2017. It is a high-yielding, Tomato Spotted Yield Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Texas.

Variety

WTX

RP1

RP2

STX

CTX

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4985

-

-

5143

-

-

AG18

5262

4225

3784

4321

3810

4484

4400

3912

4214

4749

4562

4964

5487

6442

5833

31-08-05-03 DGX 17-1-0517

6700

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Diesel Nut

6168

-

-

4583

-

-

3433

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

GA09B

6630

5118

4795

4238

4180

4445

2831

2849

3150

5014

4564

4761

5855

6984

5650

GA16HO

2927

3132

2709

5110

4414

4299

3145

2927

3302

5450

4356

4491

6059

6809

5608

IPG 2309

5210

-

-

3232

-

-

3119

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

IPG 517

6700

-

-

4940

-

-

3694

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

NemaTAM II

6107

4805

4074

7109

5922

5653

3345

3587

3888

5446

4717

4844

5916

6795

5829

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5344

-

-

-

-

-

Tx144370

6325

5131

4222

5423

5003

4594

3398

4284

4211

6523

5565

5228

6227

6612

5909

TxL100212-03-03

6682

-

-

5301

4474

4257

3894

4206

4175

5921

5187

5560

6071

-

-

Tx137967

Experimental lines are italicized. WTX, TRP1, TRP2, CTX, and STX are West TX in Lubbock, TX Rolling Plains in Haskell, TX Rolling Plains in Collingsworth, Central TX in Comanche, and South TX in Frio County, respectively. Source: Drs. Emi Kimura and John Cason, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension.

10 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

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2024 VARIETY GUIDE Yield Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Georgia..

3-Year Average Variety

AU-NPL 17

2021

All Locations

Tifton

Midville

Plains

Tifton

Irrigated

Dryland

Irrigated

Dryland

Irrigated

Dryland

Irrigated

Dryland

Irrigated

Drylan

5,147

4,836

6,069

5,519

5,444

4,721

4,504

4,514

5,381

5,865

CB 1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,459

5,878

CB 2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,576

4,885

CB 7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,469

6,477

5,327

4,767

6,028

5,487

6,268

5,116

4,852

4,419

5,034

5,777

FloRun™ ‘331’ FloRun™ ‘52N’

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

FloRun™ ‘T61’

5,036

4,883

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,386

5,907

Georgia Greener

5,229

4,588

6,797

5,639

5,342

4,416

4,583

4,096

5,714

5,66

Georgia-06G

5,583

4,791

7,068

5,667

6,246

4,563

5,213

4,132

6,343

5,60

Georgia-09B

5,122

4,495

6,650

5,311

5,628

4,798

4,297

3,752

5,138

5,123

Georgia-12Y

5,642

5,402

6,740

5,814

5,824

5,677

4,863

4,874

5,775

6,053

Georgia-14N

4,877

4,703

5,663

5,397

5,391

4,959

4,698

4,225

4,500

5,182

Georgia-16HO

5,168

4,785

6,121

5,773

5,872

4,607

3,882

4,031

6,022

5,717

Georgia-18RU

5,443

5,014

5,853

5,391

6,114

4,789

5,340

4,541

5,953

5,83

Georgia-20VHO

5,142

4,762

6,400

5,666

5,094

4,461

4,577

3,798

5,848

6,227

Georgia-21GR

5,289

5,129

5,735

5,397

5,472

4,891

3,917

4,086

5,064

6,223

Georgia-22MPR

5,183

5,038

4,493

4,986

5,542

4,971

4,432

4,581

5,990

5,890

Georgia-23RKN

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tifguard

4,865

4,382

5,917

5,173

4,808

4,266

3,919

3,216

5,702

5,444

TifNV-HG

5,595

5,003

6,870

5,713

6,054

5,116

4,626

4,384

5,679

5,638

TifNV-High O/L

4,821

4,493

5,664

5,071

5,173

4,472

4,309

3,756

5,016

5,809

TUFRunner™ ‘297’

5,283

4,878

6,150

5,287

5,602

4,323

4,394

4,717

5,576

5,674

PROVIDED BY IPG

Source: Daniel Mailhot, Public Service Assistant, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus

12 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

Wilt Virus-resistant cultivar with tolerance to leaf spot.

FloRun™ ‘331’: This high-yielding, medium maturity, disease-tolerant runner-type variety was released by the University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, in 2016. It has medium runner seed size with very good grades.

FloRun™ ‘331’ has had excellent pod yield in both irrigated and non-irrigated trials over several seasons of testing across several locations in Florida. Of the runner-type varieties tested for resistance to leaf spot and white mold, FloRun™ ‘331’ has had among the best pod yield and lowest disease scores. It is moderately resistant to TSWV. FloRun™ ‘331’ has high-oleic oil chemistry beneficial for extended shelf life and marketability of peanuts and peanut products.

FloRun™ ‘52N’: This new medium-maturity, runner type with small PEANUTGROWER.COM

2024 VARIETY GUIDE 2022 Tifton

2023

Midville

igated

Dryland

Irrigated

Plains

Dryland

Tifton

Irrigated

Dryland

Midville

Irrigated

Dryland

Irrigated

Plains

Dryland

Irrigated

Dryland

5,381

5,865

6,656

7,100

3,197

2,860

4,499

3,818

6,031

6,016

4,542

3,107

5,459

5,878

6,624

6,132

3,295

3,113

5,268

4,133

6,167

6,602

4,286

3,332

4,576

4,885

5,910

4,882

2,336

2,473

4,616

3,639

5,361

6,238

4,498

2,714

5,469

6,477

6,758

7,161

3,292

3,530

5,343

4,756

5,441

6,538

4,273

2,788

5,034

5,777

6,754

5,592

2,852

2,928

4,781

3,713

6,402

6,723

4,976

3,150

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,059

4,262

5,969

5,987

4,827

3,269

5,386

5,907

6,031

6,106

2,938

3,144

4,887

4,367

6,126

6,197

4,165

3,132

5,714

5,661

6,352

5,567

2,726

2,571

5,239

4,219

5,905

6,016

4,403

3,107

6,343

5,601

7,173

6,144

3,236

2,990

4,862

4,207

5,986

6,893

4,115

2,919

5,138

5,123

6,513

5,297

2,572

2,284

5,226

4,000

6,086

6,723

3,983

3,163

5,775

6,053

7,502

6,830

3,465

3,501

5,600

4,870

6,173

6,793

4,838

4,210

,500

5,182

6,389

5,004

2,593

2,911

4,472

3,854

5,181

6,390

5,005

4,404

6,022

5,717

6,855

6,168

2,892

2,975

5,287

4,638

5,834

6,389

3,742

2,770

5,953

5,831

7,239

6,604

3,171

3,324

4,697

4,637

6,144

6,430

4,474

3,578

5,848

6,227

5,775

5,996

2,802

2,916

5,417

4,724

6,360

6,086

4,004

2,982

5,064

6,223

7,418

6,598

3,477

3,533

5,588

5,634

6,609

5,740

4,321

4,060

5,990

5,890

7,298

6,033

3,336

3,338

4,946

4,637

5,904

6,686

4,706

4,222

-

-

-

-

-

-

5,182

5,047

5,725

6,765

4,386

4,104

5,702

5,444

6,063

5,506

2,682

2,753

4,943

3,640

5,723

6,513

4,027

2,925

5,679

5,638

7,210

6,561

3,027

3,055

5,404

4,681

6,741

6,765

4,741

3,119

5,016

5,809

5,813

5,666

2,455

2,799

5,060

4,058

5,524

6,168

4,379

2,639

5,576

5,674

6,365

6,377

3,092

2,938

5,090

4,398

6,601

6,947

4,680

3,238

vines, high-yield, high grade, normal oleic oil chemistry was released from the UF’s NFREC in 2023. Seed size is in the medium range with about 710 seeds per pound. FloRun™ ‘52N’ has graded in the mid to upper 70s in on-farm and foundation and registered seed production resulting in high-value returns. FloRun™ ‘52N’ has yielded among the highest in Florida irrigated and non-irrigated field trials over a three-year period in several locations.

The smaller vines make it a good fit for twin-row production and situations where vine production of other varieties is excessive. It has performed well in tests for tolerance to leaf spot, white mold and TSWV and has a sound overall disease package that will respond well to standard disease management.

FloRun™ ‘T61’: This is a new highyielding, high-oleic, TSWV-resistant, medium-seeded, runner-type variTWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

Performance Of Six Runner Peanut Cultivars In Terry County, Texas, 20212023.

Variety

Pod Yield (lbs./A)

TSMKa (%)

Jumbo (%)

Medium (%)

No. 1 (%)

IPG 517

4365

71

51

27

11

ACI 789

4298

69

35

31

12

IPG 914

4265

69

38

29

13

Georgia-09B

4249

74

44

31

10

TUFRunner 297

4097

71

51

26

11

Tamrun OL11

3940

71

34

38

14

a

Total sound mature kernels. Souce: IPG; For information on IPG seeds, call 806-522-6422 or 806-632-3068.

ety from UF’s NFREC in Marianna.

FloRun™ ‘T61’ has high yield potential as well as high grades and outstanding resistance to TSWV, which is the reason for the “T” in T61. In several years of testing, FloRun™ ‘T61’ has proven resistant to TSWV and produces high yields when TSWV disease pressure reduced yields in other varieties. It has a medium

seed size with about 650 seeds per pound and just over 40% medium kernels on an in-shell basis. Vine growth is moderate allowing good performance in twin rows without excessive vine production.

Maturity is in the medium range of 140145 days after planting under irrigation in Florida. Pod yield of FloRun™ ‘T61’ has been better than Georgia-06G in FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 13

2024 VARIETY GUIDE Two Year (2022-2023), Three Year (2021-2023), And Four Year (2020-2023) Average Irrigated Field Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Two Or Three Florida Locations Yield (lbs./A)

Variety

TSMK (%)

TSWV (1-10)*

Leafspot (1-10)*

2 YR

3 YR

4 YR

2 YR

3 YR

4 YR

3 YR

4 YR

3 YR

4 YR

7298

6854

6849

73.5

74.0

73.8071

1.9

1.7

1

1

AU-NPL 17

7476

6862

6821

75.9

76.4

76.4

2.1

1.8

1

1

FloRun™ ‘331’**

8018

7598

7567

75.7

76.1

76.0

2.6

2.3

1

1

ACI 3321** **

FloRun™ ‘52N’

7641

7134

7106

76.5

77.4

77.2

2.1

1.9

1

1

FloRun™ ‘T61’**

7659

7253

7159

76.0

76.6

76.5

1.9

1.6

2

2

Georgia-06G

7408

6791

6737

77.0

77.7

77.2

2.1

1.9

1

1

Georgia-09B**

8185

7276

7236

77.9

77.8

77.7

2.7

2.4

1

1

Georgia-12Y

7415

7107

7117

74.6

74.8

74.9

1.4

1.2

1

1

Georgia-16HO**

7242

6967

6981

77.9

78.4

78.4

2.0

1.7

2

1

Georgia-18RU

7854

7441

7411

78.5

78.9

78.8

2.1

1.9

1

1

TifNV-High O/L**

7036

6644

6650

75.0

75.6

75.5

1.8

1.6

1

1

TUFRunner™ ‘297’

7460

6970

6956

75.8

76.0

75.9

2.2

2.0

2

2

TUFRunner™ ‘511’**

-

6863

6814

-

76.5

76.4

2.4

2.2

-

3

**

*

1 = no disease, ** High-Oleic Source: Barry Tillman, University of Florida Peanut Breeding and Genetics, North Florida Research and Education Center.

Two Year (2022-2023), Three Year (2021-2023), And Four Year (2020-2023) Average Non-Irrigated Field Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Two Or Three Florida Locations.

Yield (lbs./A)

Variety

2 YR

3 YR

4 YR

3 YR

ACI 3321

4885

5070

5130

AU-NPL 17**

5007

4976

4981

**

FloRun™ ‘331’

5693

5667

5708

FloRun™ ‘52N’

5439

5310

5336

**

Leafspot (1-10)*

TSWV (1-10)* 4 YR

3 YR

4 YR

1.3

1.0

2.0

2.3

1.2

0.9

2.0

2.3

1.3

1.1

1.8

2.1

1.2

0.9

1.9

2.2 2.3

FloRun™ ‘T61’**

5225

5307

5329

1.4

1.1

2.0

Georgia-06G

5068

4953

5010

1.3

1.0

1.8

2.1

Georgia-09B**

5279

4655

4699

1.9

1.5

1.9

2.3

Georgia-12Y

5051

4987

4999

0.9

0.7

2.0

2.3

Georgia-16HO**

5207

5204

5216

1.2

0.9

1.8

2.2

Georgia-18RU

4911

5163

5192

1.4

1.1

2.1

2.5

TifNV-High O/L**

5246

5216

5222

1.1

0.8

1.8

2.1

5490

5344

5373

1.4

1.1

1.9

2.3

TUFRunner™ ‘297’ *

**

1 = no disease, High oleic Source: Barry Tillman, University of Florida Peanut Breeding and Genetics, North Florida Research and Education Center. **

tests across Florida locations and often had top yields in on-farm plots in several Florida locations.

Georgia-06G: A high-yielding, large-seeded, runner-type variety, Georgia-06G was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV. Georgia-06G has an intermediate or decumbent runner growth habit, dark green foliage and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green. Georgia-06G combines TSWV resistance with medium maturity and excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Georgia-09B: A high-yielding, high-oleic, medium-seeded, runner-type peanut variety, Georgia-09B was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has 14 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

shown a high level of resistance to TSWV. Georgia-09B has an intermediate runner growth habit and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green. It combines high TSWV resistance and high-oleic oil chemistry with medium maturity and excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Georgia-12Y: This is a high-yielding, TSWV-resistant and white mold-resistant, medium-seeded, runner-type variety released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton Campus. During three years averaged over multiple locations in Georgia, Georgia-12Y had significantly higher yield, dollar-value return per acre and number of seed per pound compared to Georgia-10T. However, Georgia-10T grades higher than PEANUTGROWER.COM

2024 VARIETY GUIDE Georgia-12Y. It is similar to Georgia-10T in its later maturity.

Georgia-14N: Released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station and developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, this small-seeded, runner-type peanut variety is high-yielding, resistant to spotted wilt and root-knot nematodes and has high-oleic oil chemistry. In a three-year trial, Georgia-14N had significantly less TSWV and total disease incidence, higher yield, grade and dollar-value return per acre compared to Tifguard.

Georgia-16HO: This is a high-yielding, high-oleic, TSWVresistant, large-seeded, runner-type peanut variety released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016. Georgia16HO combines high dollar value and TSWV resistance with the high-oleic trait for longer shelf life and improved oil quality of peanut products.

Georgia-18RU: This variety was released by the Georgia Agriculture Experiment Station in 2018. It is a high-yielding, TSWV-resistant and leaf-scorch-resistant, medium-large seeded runner variety. Georgia-18RU has the highest percent total sound mature kernels (grade) and the lowest number of seed per pound compared to Georgia-06G in five years of testing over multiple locations. It has similar roasted flavor, blanchability and maturity as Georgia-06G. Georgia-20VHO: This high-yielding, high-TSMK grading, very high-oleic ratio, TSWV-resistant, runner-type peanut cultivar was released in 2020 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. Georgia-20VHO has higher percentage

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FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 15

2024 VARIETY GUIDE ACI Variety Lineup AgResearch Consultants Inc., also known as ACI Seeds, was established in 2001 by Dr. Kim Moore, peanut breeder. ACI is a private self-funded peanut variety development program focused on breeding high-yielding, high-oleic, disease-resistant varieties of all market types for all growing regions of the United States.

For more information on ACI Seeds’ variety selections, contact Mark Carden, director of agronomic and commercial services, at 229-805-0044, or email mark.carden@ aciseeds.com.

RUNNER MARKET TYPES ACI 3321 is a large-seeded, high-oleic runner peanut. It is a high-yielding variety with TSWV resistance, best-in-class white mold resistance and very good leaf spot resistance. ACI 3321 has demonstrated stability across diverse production areas. It is well adapted to irrigated and dry-land production.

ACI1c212 is a large-seeded, high-oleic runner peanut. It yields comparable to Georgia-06G/Georgia-12Y. ACI1c212 has a high level of TSWV resistance, good white mold resistance and good leaf spot resistance.

ACI N104 is a high-oleic, runner-peanut variety with pod and kernel size and shape similar to Georgia 06G. It has very high lev-

els of resistance to TSWV, white mold and leaf spot. It also has excellent resistance to the peanut nematode M. arenaria.

ACI 222 is a high-oleic, large-seeded runner peanut with multiple disease resistances. It has excellent resistance to the peanut nematode M. arenaria. It was developed in South Georgia and is well suited for disease pressure in the region. Preliminary testing indicates very good adaptation to the Southwest peanut growing region.

EARLY MATURING RUNNERS ACI 080 is a high-oleic, early maturing runner-market type. It was developed and selected in the West Texas growing region.

It excels in the other growing regions where TSWV pressure is low. Under optimum growing conditions, it can yield over 6,500 pounds per acre. This variety has medium kernel size and a high percentage shell-out.

It can be as early as 135 days in the Southwest and 115 days in the Southeast.

ACI 509 is an early maturing, high-yielding, high-oleic runner peanut. It can mature in 140 days in West Texas. It is well adapted to North Alabama and the Mid South. It has a runner growth habit, dark green foliage and an erect main stem with a moderate canopy. It has good leaf spot resistance and produces yields of more than 5,500 pounds

of total sound mature kernel grade compared to several other high-oleic runner varieties in Georgia. Georgia-20VHO combines high-yield, grade and dollar values with TSWV-resistance and very high-oleic ratio for longer shelf life of peanut and peanut products.

Georgia-21GR: This new high-yielding, high-grading, normal to mid-oleic, TSWV-resistant, runner-type peanut variety was released in 2021 and developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Georgia. Georgia-21GR has a significantly higher percentage of total sound mature kernel grade compared to the Georgia-06G runner variety in Georgia. It has reduced TSWV and total disease incidence and high pod yield and dollar values similar to Georgia-06G when averaged over six years (20 tests) across multiple locations in Georgia.

Lariat: This is a high-oleic runner variety developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service in conjunction with the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and the Oklahoma Peanut Commission that was released in 2016. This variety exhibits medium maturity at about 140 days. Lariat is the result of varietal crossing with Red River Runner to increase disease resistance, yield and improve seed germination. Lariat has demonstrated resistance to Sclerotinia blight and pod rot. Seed size is medium to large.

Murray: This is a high-yielding, high-oleic fatty acid, medi16 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

Performance Of Peanut Varieties In On-Farm Trials, Alabama, 2022 Variety

(lbs./A)

ACI 476

5952

ACI 509

7100

ACI 080

7760

Georgia 06G

6645

Georgia 09B

5838

ACI Span17

6375

Source: Auburn University 2022 Peanut Variety Trial Data

per acre and a high percentage of medium kernels.

ACI 476 is an early maturing, high-yielding, high-oleic runner peanut. It can mature in 140 days in West Texas. It has a runner growth habit, dark green foliage and an erect main stem with a moderate canopy.

Excellent germination and early vigor are associated with this variety in addition to early row closure promoting moisture conservation and reduced weed competition.

ACI 476 produces a higher percentage of medium size kernels having a light pink seed coat color and a smoother surface. ACI trials and production have demonstrated that ACI 476 can produce average yields in excess of 5,900 pounds per acre.

um-seeded, runner-type peanut cultivar with resistance to rootknot nematodes. The cultivar was released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research to provide growers with a nematode-resistant option with a smaller seed size. Murray maintains the excellent resistance to root-knot nematodes of NemaTAM II but offers a smaller seed size, which is more in line with previous industry standards and higher-grade potential.

NemaTAM II: A high-yielding, high-oleic fatty acid, runner-type peanut cultivar with resistance to root-knot nematodes. The cultivar was developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research peanut breeding program to provide growers with a nematode-resistant replacement option for the former Webb cultivar, which had excellent nematode resistance, but also had a very large vine size that made harvest difficult for peanut farmers. NemaTAM II maintains the resistance to root-knot nematodes, has proven to yield equal to or better than Webb and has higher grade potential. NemaTAM II has a shorter canopy than Webb, which leads to easier digging and inverting at harvest than its predecessor.

Tamrun OL11: This is a high-yielding, high-oleic, runner-type peanut cultivar developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. It has improved resistance to Sclerotinia minor and improved grade over previously released runner-type cultivars that are resistant to S. minor. Tamrun OL11 is specifically PEANUTGROWER.COM

2024 VARIETY GUIDE ACI 198 is an early maturing, high-oleic runner market-type variety developed in West Texas. In the Southeast, its maturity has ranged from 115 to 125 days after planting. It has runner growth habit with sparse branching and an erect main stem with a moderately dense canopy. Because of sparse branching, this variety performs well in twin-row planting patterns.

SPANISH MARKET TYPES ACI Span17 is a new high-yielding, high-oleic, Spanish-market type that is a Spanish runner hybrid, which has a runner plant type with Spanish seed and pod characteristics for the Southwest growing region. It has small, round kernels with smooth pink seed coat. ACI trials confirm this variety is produces average yields at and above 5,500 pounds per acre. The variety shows moderate resistance to TSWV and moderate resistance to leaf spot. SPAN 17 matures in the 130-day range.

VIRGINIA MARKET TYPES

Variety

Release

Ole

OK

2-Yr Avg

3-Yr Avg

TSMK

DK

OK

Yield

Yield

Yield

(%)

(%)

(%)

6895

5416

6020

70

0

2.3

ACI

6877

5188

-

74.6

0.2

2.7

AT9899

AgraTech

6697

5193

-

69.7

0.2

3.1

Mean

-

6823

5256

-

71.4

0.2

2.7

Source: Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Comanche, Texas

Performance Of Peanut Varieties In Dryland Production, Alabama, 2023

Variety

GREC

EVSRC

BARU

WREC

Fairhope, AL

Tallassee, AL

Brewton, AL

Headland, Al

(lbs./A)

(lbs./A)

(lbs./A)

(lbs./A)

5,306

4,204

4,041

4,195

ACI 3321 ACI N 104

4,450

4,771

4,495

3,817

AU-NPL 17

5,588

4,592

4,960

4,748

FloRun T61

5,272

4,153

4,362

4,811

Georgia-06G

5,013

4,626

4,158

4,056

Georgia-16HO

4,901

4,514

4,283

4,526

Georgia-18RU

4,360

3,993

4,267

3,571

Georgia-20VHO

5,171

4,273

4,627

3,884

TifNV-High O/L

4,698

4,682

4,046

4,526

Source: Auburn University 2023 Peanut Variety Trial Data

developed for the West Texas growing region.

Tamrun OL18L: This is a high yielding, high-oleic, early maturing runner-type peanut cultivar that was released from Texas A&M AgriLife Research with a larger-than-average seed size. Its maturity is comparable to Tamrun OL12, which is 14 days earlier maturing than Flavorunner 458. Yield was similar to Georgia 09B but was higher than Tamrun OL11. The seed size was similar to Tamrun OL07 and Webb. No differences TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

2022

Span17

PROVIDED BY IPG

ACI 351 is a high-yielding, large-seeded Virginia variety developed and tested in West Texas. It is high oleic and has a high percentage of extra-large kernels and jumbo pods. It has good pod shape and color desirable for the in-shell market. In ACI trials and grower production, it has produced yields of more than 5,500 pounds per acre.

Performance Of Spanish Varieties In Texas, 2022

in flavors were noted in analysis between Tamrun OL18L and check cultivars.

Tamrun OL19: A high-yielding, high-oleic, early maturing runner-type peanut cultivar that was released from Texas A&M AgriLife Research. It is approximately seven days earlier maturing than Tamrun OL07 and seven days later than Tamrun OL12 in five years of testing. Yield was similar to Georgia-09B, but was higher than Tamrun OL11. The seed size is similar to Tamrun OL11, but larger than Georgia-09B. No differences in flavors were noted in flavor analysis between Tamrun OL18L and check cultivars.

TifCB 7: TifCB 7 is a new high-yielding, high-grading, variety that was released by the USDA ARS and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. Development of TifCB 7 was greatly facilitated by scientific advances made during the Peanut Genomics Initiative. TifCB 7 is a high-oleic, runner-market type cultivar that also has high resistance to late leaf spot and TSWV. It is a medium-maturity class peanut with about 140 days needed for optimal maturity. TifCB 7 has an extremely high level of resistance to late leaf spot, which should greatly reduce the need for fungicide sprays. When evaluated under full fungicide spray regimes, TifCB 7 yielded at least equivalent to other common peanut cultivars. TifCB 7 had higher yields than common cultivars when tested with no FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 17

2024 VARIETY GUIDE International Peanut Group

I

nternational Peanut Group (IPG) is a private seed company that develops and releases new peanut varieties in all market types, as well as conducting industry-related research.

For more information, call 806-585-6366 (office) or 806-632-3068 (Mark Gregory), or email tessa.clark@ipgseed.com or mark. gregory@ipgseed.com.

Pod Yield, Grade, And In-Shell And Seed Size Distribution Of Nine Peanut Cultivars In Certified-Organic Field Locations In Terry County, Texas In 2021-2023.

RUNNER-TYPE VARIETIES: IPG 517: A medium/late-maturing, higholeic, runner-type variety with excellent yield and grade potential and adaptation for production in the U.S. Mid-South and Southwest, as well as other semi-arid climates. This variety was released by International Peanut Group and combines excellent yield and grade potential with moderate TSWV resistance. IPG 517 has also performed well in certified-organic systems in the U.S. Southwest.

IPG 2309: A medium-to-late-maturing, mid-oleic runner-type variety with reduced fat content for confectionary use. Adapted for production in the U.S. Southwest and other semi-arid climates. This variety was released under utility patent by International Peanut Group and combines the reduced-fat characteristic and mid-oleic seed chemistry with commercial yield and grade potential.

VIRGINIA-TYPE VARIETIES: ACI 442: A high-yielding, high-oleic, Virginia-type variety with excellent adaptation for production in the U.S. Southwest. This variety was released by AgResearch Consultants, Inc. and combines high-oleic seed chemistry with excellent yield potential with a high proportion of fancy pods. ACI 442 has a bright hull color and reaches harvest maturity in approximately 140-145 days

Variety

Market Type

Pod Yield (lbs./A)

28-Day Plant Standa (no./row foot)

IPG 3628

Spanish

4731

1.6

AT-9899

Spanish

4527

1.4

IPG 517

Runner

4439

1.4

IPG QR-14

Spanish

4353

1.3

Valencia C

Valencia

4211

2.1

ACI 442

Virginia

4171

0.8

IPG 1288

Valencia

3949

1.2

Georgia-09B

Runner

3923

1.4

Tamnut OL06

Spanish

3462

1.4

a

Planting seed density was approximately 5 seed per row foot. Source: IPG

after planting. It has limited disease resistance, so it is best suited for production in semi-arid climates like the U.S. Southwest.

SPANISH-TYPE VARIETIES: IPG 3628: A high-yielding, high-oleic, Spanish-type variety with excellent yield potential and adaptation for the U.S. Southwest and other semi-arid climates. This variety was released by International Peanut Group and combines the elite yield potential of a prostrate growth habit with the typical Spanish seed size and shape. IPG 3628 also has excellent early-season vigor and quick stand establishment, which make it a good option for organic production in the U.S. Southwest. It reaches harvest maturity by approximately 125 days after planting and has strong tolerance to late-season Fusarium infestations in the U.S. Southwest.

IPG QR-14: A high-yielding, high-oleic variety with excellent early-season vigor and adaptation for Spanish-type production in the U.S. Southwest and Mid-South.

This variety was released by International Peanut Group. IPG QR-14 combines tolerance to the leaf spot complex with strong stand establishment potential and excellent shellout percentage. It also has exhibited consistent potential in certified-organic systems in the U.S. Southwest.

VALENCIA-TYPE VARIETIES: IPG 1288: A next-generation, high-yielding, high-oleic, Valencia-type variety with adaptation for production in the U.S. Southwest and other semi-arid climates, as well as more humid environments. IPG 1288 was released by International Peanut Group.

This variety reaches harvest maturity in approximately 120-125 days after planting and has a prostrate growth habit; yield and grade potential are excellent. This variety is best suited for shelled Valencia markets and has excellent roasted flavor and texture. It also has exhibited strong potential in certified-organic production systems in the U.S. Southwest.

Pod Yield, Grade, And In-Shell And Seed Size Distribution Of Four Virginia Peanut Cultivars In Terry County, Texas, 2022-2023.

In-Shell

Variety

Pod Yield (lbs./A)

TSMKa (%)

ACI 442

4951

64

IPG 464

4902

65

Wynne

4873

64

Bailey II

4612

66

13

a

Shelled

Super- Jumbo (%)

Jumbo (%)

Fancy (%)

Super- ELK (%)

ELK (%)

Medium (%)

No. 1 (%)

5

20

49

2

65

17

10

31

18

30

11

63

9

7

25

23

33

2

68

10

9

25

43

3

69

9

7

Total sound mature kernels.

18 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

PEANUTGROWER.COM

2022 VARIETY GUIDE 2024 VARIETY GUIDE

accuracy,” he says. “Additionally, the under-applied areas within the field can further affect the crop yield potential, especially theWithout nutrientIrrigation, levels are2017, critically low and would Agronomic Comparison Of Runner And Virginia Varieties With if And 2018 And 2020therefore In Capron Two Year (2022-2023), (2021-2023), And Four Year (2020-2023) Average Irrigated Field Performance Of impact overall profitability.”

And Suffolk, Virginia, AndThree RockyYear Mount, North Carolina.

Virginia Type Varieties In Two Or Three Florida Locations.

Virk recommends to not pull soil samples in greater than With Irrigation Without Irrigation a 2.5-acre grid becauseTSWV it defeats the purpose of precision soil Leafspot (1-10)* Yield (lbs./A) TSMK (%) (1-10)* Variety Yield SMK TSMK Value Yieldthe larger SMK sampling. “In grids, you areTSMK doing more Value over and Variety (lbs./A) ($/A) (%) 4 YR (%) ($/A) 2 YR 3(%) YR 4 YR (%) 2YR 3 YR 4(lbs./A) YR 3 YR trying YRthe under application than to address the3 YR variability4 in Bailey 52877190 67 962 5133 68 72 933 Bailey 6760 6676 73 73.7 1.9 73.4 73.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 field.”

MarketWatch Market Watch

Bailey II Fancy** Florida Emery Walton**

5437 -

67 6719 69 7087

994 5002 69 73 9071.2 6570 73 1.7 74.5 74.7 1.8 Use A Smaller Size On 5622 1035 5036Grid73.8 69 New 9241.4 7454 7054 73 72.9 2.0 73.9 1.8Fields73 1.4 He says that the data emphasizes that 74 the choice of 730 grid size Florida-07 4857 64 73 823 4218 65 * ** 1 = no disease, High-Oleic Source: Barry Tillman, University of Florida peanut breeding and genetics, North Florida Research and Education Center

largely depends on the amount of variability and how much 4204 67 75 729 historical data is available for a given field.

Florunner 4300 64 74 715 4021 66 75 677 newer fields or fields that have notField beenPerformance in production Two Year (2022-2023), Three Year (2021-2023), And Four Year“On (2020-2023) Average Non-Irrigated GA-09B 5042 77 910for a long time, 4613 I think you 70 should sample 77 on a one-acre 820 grid Of Virginia Type Varieties In One68Or Three Florida Locations.

Sugg 5329 66 73 968initially so 4748 68 73 875in the that you can learn more about the variability Leafspot (1-10)* Yield (lbs./A) TSWV (1-10)* says. “The reason that are Sullivan 5210 67 72 946field,” Virk4617 67 is you may 71 have fields825 Variety 2 YR 3 YR 4 YR 3 YR variable, or4you YR may have a3 field YR with little 4 YR variabilTUFRunner ‘297’ 4877 67 76 852very highly 4798 69 76 826 ity and future sampling 0.8 could be on a five-acre grid.” 2.4 Bailey 5529.08 5454 5455 1.0 2.1 TUFRunner ‘511’ 5102 69 76 888 4705 68 75 818 Once 1.3 that baseline information on nutrient variability2.2 is estab5541.63 5398 5418 1.0 1.9 Walton** Walton 5110 69 74 938 5008 69 73 lished, in subsequent years, other data such as soil type, 901 electrical * ** 1 = no disease, High-Oleic Source: Barry Tillman, University of Florida peanut breeding and genetics, North Florida Research and Education Center.

Wynne 4900 65 71 873conductivity 4495 71 805larger or yield could66be used to either sample on Average 5057 67 74 9012.5-acre grids 4661 68 74 828 or eventually transition to a zone-based manageresistant to TSWV andtends thrips.toItprovide maturesthe in better approximately 145 fungicide control for leaf spot. Growing TifCB 7 with reduced ment, which Virk says combination Source: Dr. Maria Balota, Assistant Professor, Tidewater AREC, Virginia Tech. days after planting, just a little after CHAMPS, but it holds fungicide sprays can be used to maximize on-farm profitability. of accuracy and cost effectiveness.

Seed supply for TifCB 7 will be limitedhigh-oleic, in 2024. runner-type pods better‘297’: than CHAMPS later.

“Inmuch most cases, for soil sampling ifby topicked remain valuableofand proTamrun OL11: A high-yielding, TUFRunner™ Developed the University Florida, Tifguard: Developed by USDA ARS in Tifton, Georgia, Bailey II: Like Bailey, Bailey II is a large-seeded marvidevariety any realistic depiction ofseeded soil nutrient levelsVirginia in the field, peanut cultivar developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. It this is an extra-large runner-type peanut with ket-type peanutnot with tolerance to Cylindrocladium black rot, Tifguard has resistance to nematodes so as to be characterized grid size should exceed 2.5 acres,” says. PG has improved resistance to Sclerotinia minor and improved grade high-oleic oil chemistry.

Released inhe2014, this variety has Sclerotinia blight, TSWV and stem rot. Bailey II was released in as “near immunity.” It offers good yields and grades, especially over previously released runner-type cultivars that are resistant peanuts peanut in selected in 2023.

The in placesand where thereproducts would be no yieldmarkets from other varieties. to S. minor. Tamrun OL11 is specifically developed for the West Peanut continuestoto TSWV, publish research that shows peanuts It offersInstitute good resistance and maturity is similar to Texas growing region. improve heart health and blood sugar, protect against certain Georgia Green.

Tamrunsuch OL18L: A high-yielding, high-oleic, early lung maturing cancers as colorectal, gastric, and even cancer TifNV-HighO/L: Released bypancreatic USDA ARS, this variety has runner-type peanut cultivar that was released by Texas A&M and near improves your chances of living the immunity to nematodes as longer.

Tifguard with the high-oleic AgriLife Researchofwith a larger than average plus. seed size. Its maturity theresistance 2022 crop another oilThe trait.quality It also has toisTSWV. It is similar to Tifguard is comparable to Tamrun OL12, which is 14 days earlier maturin plant and seed characteristics. ingWatching than Flavor 458. Yield was similar to Georgia-09B, TheRunner Cotton TUFRunner™ ‘297’: Market Developed by the University of Florida, but was higheris than Tamrun OL11. seed size wasthis similar to All that good, but what willThe peanuts bring spring? this variety is an extra-large seeded runner-type peanut with Tamrun OL07 and Webb.

No differences in flavors were noted in Cooperatives will likely offer a lower front-end contract with high-oleic oil chemistry. Released in 2014, this variety has analysis between Tamrun OL18L and the check cultivars. another payment likely in October, and then a payout next TSWV resistance but is susceptible to leaf spot. Yield and Tamrun A high-yielding, high-oleic, earlystem maturyear.

With higher average prices, PLC is nocenter help. grade haveOL19: been excellent.

It has the a prominent with ingsemi-prostrate runner-type peanut cultivar that was released from Texas If buyers refuse the higher-priced shelled peanuts, the shellgrowth habit.

A&M Research. is approximately days earlier er TUFRunner™ hasAgriLife no choice but toItwait on the farmer toFlorida-released negotiate with ‘511’: This University ofseven maturing than Tamrun OL07 and seven days later than Tamrun the sheller on a 2023 peanut contract.

Industry cannot wait variety is a large-seeded, medium-maturity runner-type peanut OL12 in five years of testing.

Yield was similar to Georgia-09B until planting time because cotton contracts may go to $1.30 with high-oleic oil chemistry. It has very good resistance to white but was higher thanFarmers Tamrun OL11.

Theifseed sizeisand is80similar per pound again. tell me cotton cents per mold and moderate resistance to that TSWV. Yield gradeto of Figure 1: Thiswould shows the spatial K Don’t maps wait for soil sampling using Tamrun OL11 but larger than Georgia-09B. No differences pound, they plant peanuts. too long.

TUFRunner™ ‘511’ have been excellent.

The seed size is similar (top), 5.0 (middle) and 10.0 (bottom) acre grid size for one in2.5 were noted in istheChina. flavorInanalysis between Tamrun Another silent factor 2021, China bought over toflavors Georgia-06G field in the study.with a similar outturn of medium, No. 1 and 200,000 metric tons.

With higher prices, it will not likely hapOL18L and check cultivars. jumbo kernels. The growth habit of TUFRunner™ ‘511’ is prospen this year since theby United has fewerResearch Seg. 2 or Seg. 3 Tifguard: USDA’s Service UnderAnd Over-Applying IsStates AAgriculture Cost trate with aDeveloped good center stem. peanuts to sell.

At one point, China was buying inlower-priced Tifton, Georgia, Tifguard has resistance to nematodes so While the application cost also decreases with the increaseasin of the U.S. exports. to40% be as it “near immunity.” offers gridcharacterized size, Virk says, is worth noting Itthat notgood all ofyields that isand due VIRGINIA-TYPE VARIETIES The peanut market summary is essentially the same as last grades, especially in places where there would be no yield from to the reduced sampling costs but more so from the under-apBailey: Bailey is a mediumto large-seeded and high-yieldmonth.

The market is quiet as buyers have good coverage and other varieties.

It offers good resistance to TSWV, and maturity plication in certain parts of the field. ing Virginia-type produces high acrossit multinot wanting topeanut. buy into the market at yields the accuracy prices would is are similar to Georgia Green.

“In some fields, such asIt Field 3, the lower at the ple years and locations, which is an indication of good tolertake to find a willing seller.

For now, we watch cotton and TifNV-HighO/L: Released

by USDA-ARS, Tifton, this 2.5-acre grid size can also result in similar or in greater applicaance to fluctuations of weather and growth conditions.

Bailey China, and pray for rain.

Industry supply seems adequate but variety has the nearsmaller immunity nematodes as Tifguard the tion costs than grid to sizes due to high fertilizerwith over-aphas a growth habit intermediate between runner and bunch will need an increase in acres in 2023.

How do we get this outhigh-oleic trait. the It also has grid resistance to tomato spotted plication.oilThus, larger sizes do help lower the wilt samtypes, pods and don’t tan color.

More importantly, it is come manufacturers want toand pay?seed PGexpense virus.

It ifisbright similar to costs Tifguard in plant characteristics. pling/application but kernel not without the of reduced FloRun ‘107’

4667

TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

67

75

805

FEBRUARY 2024 THE PEANUT GROWER 19 FEBRUARY 2022 • •THE PEANUT GROWER / //17 FEBRUARY 2023 THE PEANUT GROWER / 19 9 NOVEMBER 2023 ••THE PEANUT GROWER

2024 VARIETY GUIDE Performance Of Commercially Available Peanut Cultivars Across Years (2020-2022), Locations (Suffolk, VA, And Williamston, NC).

Suffolk, VA

Williamston, NC

Variety

Yield (lbs./A)

Value ($/acre)

Yield (lbs./A)

Value ($/acre)

Bailey II

3874

681

3462

599

Emery

4050

700

3603

641

NC20

3845

638

3701

601

Sullivan

3650

630

3351

574

Walton

3875

665

3555

607

Source: Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results, Agronomic and Grade Data, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station

Performance Of Commercially Available Peanut Cultivars Across Years (2020-2022) At Suffolk, VA. Variety

Fancy pods (%)

Super ELK (%)

Sound mature kernels (%)

Total meat (%)

Bailey II

96

13

65

70

Emery

93

10

63

69

NC20

96

8

61

67

Sullivan

95

13

63

69

Walton

90

8

64

69

Source: Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results, Agronomic and Grade Data, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station

Performance Of Commercially Available Peanut Cultivars Across Years (2020-2022) At Williamston, NC. Variety

Fancy pods (%)

Super ELK (%)

Sound mature kernels (%)

Total meat (%)

Bailey II

94

46

63

70

Emery

92

47

64

71

NC20

95

35

57

68

Sullivan

93

39

60

70

Walton

89

37

63

70

Source: Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Results, Agronomic and Grade Data, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station

2017 and is the high-oleic version of Bailey. Seed for this variety is currently available.

Emery: Emery is a high-oleic, large-seeded, Virginia-type cultivar with alternate branching pattern, intermediate runnergrowth habit and medium-green foliage. Emery has approximately 67% jumbo and 24% fancy pods, and it has seed with tan seed coat averaging 940 mg seed-1 (480 seed lb-1). Emery is partially resistant to three of the four major regional diseases: leaf spot, Sclerotinia blight and TSWV, but it should be considered susceptible to Cylindrocladium black rot. Emery has bright pods and flavor comparable with runner-type standards.

Yields and the number of days to maturity are similar with Bailey at 145 days.

20 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

Georgia-11J: This is a high-yielding, high-oleic, TSWVresistant, large-podded and large-seeded, Virginia-type peanut variety. Georgia-11J has the high-oleic and low-linoleic fatty acid ratio for improved oil quality. Georgia-11J is similar to Georgia-08V, another high-oleic Virginia-type variety, in having low TSWV disease incidence, high pod yield, high total sound mature kernel grade percentage and high dollar-value return per acre.

Georgia-19HP: This is a high-yielding, high-protein, high-oleic, TSWV and root-knot nematode-resistant, leaf spot-resistant, Virginia-type peanut variety that was released in 2019 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Georgia. Georgia-19HP is similar to Georgia-11J; however, during three years averaged over multiple locations, Georgia-19HP had the highest pod yield, TSMK grade, dollar value and number of seed per pound compared to Georgia-11J and Bailey. Georgia 19HP was found to have a lower percentage of TSWV and total disease incidence.

NC-20: Released by the North Carolina State University peanut breeding program, NC 20 is a high-oleic variety with similar yield, seed size and disease resistance as Bailey II, with slightly larger pod size. It provides similar leaf spot and TSWV resistance but holds onto pods well under heavy leaf spot pressure in fungicide-treated fields. NC 20 matures roughly seven days later than Bailey II, allowing for staggered harvest dates. Seed availability will be limited in 2024.

NC 21: Another release by the NCSU peanut breeding program, NC 21 is a high-oleic variety with yield, pod and seed size and disease package similar to Emery. It is later maturing than Emery; therefore, the same staggered harvest approach would work with these two varieties. It also holds onto pods well under heavy leaf spot pressure. Seed for NC 21 will be limited in 2024.

Sullivan: A release by North Carolina State University, Sullivan is a high-oleic Virginia-type cultivar with alternate branching pattern, intermediate runner growth habit and medium green foliage. It was developed from a cross with a sister line of Bailey, and it has partial resistance to early leaf spot, CBR, Sclerotinia blight and TSWV. Sullivan has approximately 45% jumbo pods and 40% fancy pods, and seed are tan with seed coat averaging 931 mg seed-1. Yields and the number of days to maturity are similar with Bailey (145 days).

Walton: Walton was tested as line 08x09-3-14-1 and jointly released in 2019 by the University of Florida and Virginia Tech.

It is a Virginia-type peanut with good agronomic performance compared with Bailey, Emery and Bailey II under normal productions and superior performance under extreme water conditions. Seeds are elongated in shape and seed testa color is light pink to pink. It has dark green foliage and intermediate growth habit. The main stem is not distinguishable from the lateral branches. Walton is a high-oleic line with resistance to leaf spot and TSWV, and it was developed for the V-C region. Seed for this variety is available.

SPANISH Georgia-SP/RKN: Georgia-SP/RKN is a high-yielding, high-oleic, large-seeded Spanish market-type peanut with PEANUTGROWER.COM

2024 VARIETY GUIDE Yield Performance Of Virginia, Spanish And Valencia Type Varieties In Texas.

Variety

WTX

RP1

RP2

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

ACI 442

6020

5253

4760

5375

5019

5315

IPG 19-2-1115

5332

-

-

-

-

Walton

2326

-

-

4809

AT 9899

4957

3968

3650

IPG 3628

3868

3550

Schubert

3855

SPan17 TP210656-2-1

STX

CTX

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

2023

2-Yr

3-Yr

4103

4585

4368

-

-

-

5492

6147

5719

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4060

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4757

4617

-

3119

3086

-

5216

4723

-

4694

5696

5027

3682

4069

4725

5168

2361

3193

3765

-

-

-

-

-

-

3276

-

4530

4681

-

1995

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5114

4182

4243

4635

4290

4836

2300

3125

3808

4676

4298

3705

5529

6203

5302

4848

-

-

5131

-

-

4687

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4417

3970

-

-

-

-

-

-

VIRGINIA

SPANISH

VALENCIA IPG 1288

4312

4696

4609

3755

3822

4085

3929

Experimental lines are italicized. WTX, TRP1, TRP2, CTX, and STX are west TX in Lubbock, TX Rolling Plains in Haskell, TX Rolling Plains in Collingsworth, Central TX in Comanche, and South TX in Frio County, respectively. Source: Drs. Emi Kimura and John Cason, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension.

Pod Yield, Grade, And In-Shell And Seed Size Distribution Of Six Spanish Peanut Cultivars In Terry County, Texas, 2021-2023.

Variety

Pod Yield (lbs./A)

TSMKa (%)

Jumbo (%)

Medium (%)

No. 1 (%)

IPG QR-14

4148

72

67

15

10

IPG 3628

4009

73

70

11

13

ACI 236

3659

74

63

14

24

AT-9899

3581

71

62

19

-

Tamnut OL06

3284

67

76

11

-

OLin

2975

70

69

18

-

a

Total sound mature kernels. Source: IPG

Pod Yield, Grade, And In-Shell And Seed Size Distribution Of Three Valencia Peanut Cultivars In Terry County, Texas, 2021-2023.

Variety

Pod Yield (lbs./A)

TSMKa (%)

Jumbo (%)

Medium (%)

No. 1 (%)

IPG 1288

3370

73

43

28

10

IPG 274

3312

72

40

27

13

Valencia C

2552

63

10

50

24

a

VALENCIA

Total sound mature kernels. Source: IPG

resistance to root-knot nematode. It offers intermediate decumbent runner growth habit and medium-plus maturity (147-150 days). Georgia-SP/RKN has excellent TSWV and general disease resistance, similar dollar values and field performance to Georgia-17SP, including shelling and pod characteristics.

Georgia-SP/RKN will allow Spanishmarket type growers to use root-knot TWITTER: @PEANUTGROWER

er than Tamspan 90 with occasional three-seeded pods. The yield of OLin will be slightly less than Tamspan 90, but grades will be slightly higher.

Schubert: A high-yielding, high-oleic, early maturing Spanish-type cultivar with improved shell-out. It was developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Schubert matures approximately one to two weeks earlier than OLin and has significantly higher yield and grade. Resistance to Sclerotinia minor was comparable to Tamspan 90.

Tamnut OL06: A high-yielding, large-seeded, high-oleic, Spanishtype peanut cultivar released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Maturity and Sclerotinia minor (Jagger) resistance data indicate it is equal to that of Tamspan 90 and OLin. Tamnut OL06 exhibits improved yield of 10% over OLin.

nematode-infested fields that previously were not suitable for peanut cultivation without using expensive chemicals and fumigant treatments.

OLin: This is a high-oleic medium maturity Spanish-type peanut developed

by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. It has Sclerotinia minor (Jagger) resistance, and seed size is comparable to Tamspan 90. Pod and seed sizes are slightly small-

TamVal OL14: TamVal OL14 is a high-yielding, high-oleic, Valenciatype peanut cultivar developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. The release represents the first high-oleic cultivar in the Valencia-type market class. TamVal OL14 has exhibited moderate resistance to Sclerotinia minor (Jagger) and has averaged 600 pounds per acre increased yield over New Mexico Valencia C in four years of testing. PG FEBRUARY 2024 • THE PEANUT GROWER / 21

Building Texas’ Organic Production

E

Support For All Aspects Through their own organic program, the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service will lead the Texas Transition to Organic Partnership Program, or Texas TOPP, designed to recruit, train, mentor and advise farmers who want to transition to organic production. Texas TOPP is a five-year partnership program that will include Texas’ higher education institutions, U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies, nonprofit organizations and farm associations.

TOPP is a USDA initiative that will be investing up to $100 million over five years in cooperative agreements with organizations who will partner to provide technical assistance and support for transitioning and existing organic farmers. The goal of the program will be to build successful organic farmer-to-farmer mentorships that are part of a larger organic community building program.

Participants will learn organic practices, business development, marketing and more.

“Participants in this partnership will interact with conventional farmers, transitional organic farmers, organic farmers and many allied industry supporters of organic agriculture in the state,” says Bob Whitney, Extension organic specialist at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center in 22 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2024

TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE PHOTO

stimates show Texas is in sixth place in the United States for organic agriculture with more than 300,000 acres. Peanuts are one of the crops grown, specifically because the West Texas climate does not favor fungal diseases that make organic production in other regions so difficult.

Texas is also No. 1 for the production of organic cotton. In all, 345 field-crop producers are growing cotton, peanuts, corn, sorghum, rice and/or wheat. But recognizing that beginning organic production is quite difficult, a new partnership program hopes to be a bridge to producers wanting to start down the road to organic farming.

Producers on a tour of an organic peanut farm in Texas.

Stephenville. “The objective of Texas TOPP will be to talk to newer organic growers and determine what brought them into the program, as well as to find out what the roadblocks have been to entering the program.”

Texas TOPP support for those in organic agriculture includes: ■ Connecting transitioning farmers with mentors.

■ Building mentoring networks to share practical insights and advice.

■ Providing community building opportunities through train-the-mentor support, technical assistance and educational workshops and field days.

■ Helping producers overcome technical, cultural and financial shifts during and following certification for organic production.

■ Engaging educational and training institutions on organic workforce training and education.

■ Educational outreach on topics such as organic production practices, certification, conservation planning, business development, organic agriculture regulations and marketing.

Whitney says an important aspect of Texas TOPP efforts will be to find out what is currently happening in terms of organic farmer support and how best

to maintain and expand that existing support.

Spurring Interest In Organic “The Texas organic program already makes use of organic farmers for organic field trials, organic product testing and as tour stops on field days,” he says.

“These current activities will be a backdrop for intensive ‘transition farmer’ training field days, where time can be spent learning the organic production system and requirements.”

Whitney says despite Texas’ organic output and values having increased significantly, the number of certified organic farming operations has remained relatively static for the past 10 years.

“Even though organic growers in rice, cotton, peanut, wheat, corn and forages report higher per-acre returns than conventional, there is still resistance by conventional producers to move into organic agriculture,” he says.

He says some of the challenges in making the transition to organic production include lack of land, complexity of the regulations, weed control, transition costs and general understanding of the organic production process. PG Article provided by Texas A&M AgriLife.

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