REFERENCES

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA (A MASTER’S RESEARCH PROJECT) 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter five explains the conclusion consequential to the results, analysis and evaluation of findings of the research study on the factors influencing information systems failures in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Chapter one has outlined the scope, rationale, objectives and research questions of the study, chapter two has reviewed related literature, chapter three elaborated the research design and chapter four has presented qualitative/quantitative results, and has discussed these results in detail. The survey results have been integrated/triangulated/linked with academic literature to explore, dissect and parse complex human emotions and dispositions in relation to statistical connotations; to elicit key inferences. 5.1 REVIEW OF THE RESULTS In its contextual assertion this holistic research examined the establishment of a network that solves complex challenges across social and technological spheres with serious regards to political, socio-cultural, historical, structural and functional environments (Malby and Anderson-Wallace, 2016) of the study area. As elaborated earlier in chapter one, the following embodies the research questions that needed clarification, analysis and examination: 1. What are the unusual elements connected to information systems failures in

Nasarawa state, Nigeria? 2. Do the: (a). mechanisms of the digital component in variation impact information systems failures in Nasarawa state, Nigeria? (b). mechanisms of the social context in variation with relation to the mindset/involvement/understanding of the state’s public sector have any impact on information systems in terms of failures in Nasarawa state, Nigeria? (c). mechanisms of the social context in variation in relation to the role/participation/understanding of the rural poor impact information systems in terms of failures in Nasarawa state, Nigeria?

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA (A MASTER’S RESEARCH PROJECT)

3. Are the factors responsible for information systems failures in Nasarawa state aligning with generalized categorizations such as process, people, product and technology, or are there more or less categories? This research study confirmed that smart-city concepts are framed by the social context and the digital innovation component (Samuel, 2020) against the perspective of citizenship alone (Joss, Mathew and Dayot, 2017). It further confirmed the importance of examining information systems from the peculiar subfields before connecting it to the commonly obtainable perspectives in the field as a whole (Avgerou, 2008). It was discovered in answer to the first research question that issue-based elements such as community resistance, acceptance and awareness among other elements related to computer literacy levels, usage and spread, culture, data availability and usage, income, zero market network connectivity and access, organization disconnect with the rest of the populace, religion, rural topography and exclusion are all connected to information systems failures in Nasarwa state, Nigeria. So also, development which is the anticipated resultant effect of technological advancement as related to information systems in the context of this research study evolving as a theme with an outright negative outcome. Other outright negative outcomes include online, and responsibility themes. This go to show that the online nature of the information systems in Nasarawa state are relatively poor, leading to poor developmental outcomes based on poor responsibility particularly on the side of government. Answering the second research question involved the digital theme, which showed dissonance and potential contradiction (Adams, et al., 2015). This variation definitely impacts information systems failures in Nasarawa state in relation to the mechanisms of the digital component. Religion, culture, income, markets, organization, responsibility, and rural themes are to have a social connotation and therefore impact information systems failures in the study area in relation to public sector mindset, involvement and understanding of the information systems. The public sector naturally serve as the link between government and the general populace, they are a key and critical factor in the scenario. In the same light, the above themes will impact information systems in the study area in relation to the role/participation/understanding of the rural poor in relation to social undertones.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA (A MASTER’S RESEARCH PROJECT)

Answering the third research question involved categorizing themes into the following: Process (manage, development, effective, responsibility); People (community, culture, organization, religion, rural); Product (markets, productivity, un-productivity); Technology (online, computer, digital, internet, phone); Resources (data, Knowledge, electronic, facilities, income, systems, technicians). A fourth categorization emerged for factors responsible for information systems failures in the context of Nasarawa state as indicated above. This shows alignment with an additional category. In emphasis to validation, accuracy and reliability (Noble and Healle, 2019), the themes that emerged were compared to relevant literature to solidify communicative expressions exhibited by the themes (Wisdom and Creswell, 2013) as elements associated to information systems (Gichoya, 2005; Ismail and King, 2007). Quantitative evidence was sought and compared to qualitative inferences to develop more precise inferences in this context. In summary, it was discovered that apart from the need for quality process, commitment from key stakeholders, the availability of products, there is need for quality data, knowledge, facilities, income, systems, technicians etc. These converge into resources that are critical for any reasonable IS and smart-city oriented endeavors. 24 years since its creation, Nasarawa state falls short of a revolutionary success story where information systems are concerned. The levels at which digital concepts have penetrated and effectuated smart-city concepts (Brandt et. al., 2016), the issues of concern with data/information collection, dissemination and utilization (Bello and Obinne, 2012), in addition to other underlying factors of information systems failures or inadequacies have been brought to the bare and presented to all key stakeholders public and private alike. This is believed can spark an Information System smart-city partnership that brings the fruitless endeavors of government to an end. 5.2 LIMITATIONS TO THE RESEARCH Limitations evolved such: 1. Time constraint was the major limitation for taking deeper looks. 2. Income, partly contributed to the limitations which hampered the purchase of full time licenses for crucial proprietary data analysis tools. 3. Trying to balance study, work and home life simultaneously constrained some percentage of research study time.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA (A MASTER’S RESEARCH PROJECT)

However, a mixed methods approach still proves very useful in this research study. 5.3 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS The study disclosed those key factors that are responsible for information systems failure experiences in Nasarawa state (Samuel, 2020). This is believed can go a long way in fine tuning government efforts and the mindset of key stakeholders in relation to the successful development of information systems in the study area. It is believed that this research study has created a guide that will serve as a template that can be keyed into by the government and stakeholders of Nasarawa state and other developing states in Nigeria or countries for advancing practice globally and continentally. It is quite innovative to display content and satisfaction in indigenous, local technicians, but giving local technicians a chance to share knowledge and transfer technology can be an added advantage to improved efficiencies where information systems are concerned. The older generations are advised not to wave off the potent power of digital technology just because it came about with a younger generation; else vast majorities of the aged that will eventually be dependent on these technologies in the short future are bound to be excluded and helpless. The recommendation here is to create an avenue in which IS related talents that are hidden in the state are harvested and put into proper utilization. Channeling the energy of this population of innovative youngsters who are indigenous to the state using the existing technological incubation centers will go a long way in creating a value chain link that connects the state to the global world of limitless economic possibilities and competitiveness. There will be a wider level of acceptability if the older populations witness the profitability that emerges from their wards for the economic benefit of the state. 5.4 SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Themes such as digital, effective, facilities, internet, manage, phone and systems have shown dissonance and potential contradiction (Adams, et al., 2015) in the research and therefore serve as a call for further research. A deeper look can elicit a single outcome that can help Nasarawa state upgrade the level of its information systems.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SYSTEMS FAILURES IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA (A MASTER’S RESEARCH PROJECT)

In conclusion, this research study calls on the government and people of Nasarawa state to put hands on deck to improve the position of information systems in the state. It is incumbent on government responsibility to tailor developmental efforts in information systems services to suit the needs of the people they serve. This research study presents the state with an invaluable tool that represents the voices of the concerned few. There is a huge economic profit that lies dormant and untapped from this trending global resource that is more inclined to the teeming unemployed youths of the state.

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