5 best practice, and are generally not very conducive to competition, particularly in electricity, water and rail transport, and fixed and mobile e-communications.
Table 1. Overview of scope for improvement in economy-wide PMR indicators High-level indicators Distortions Induced by State Involvement
Medium-level indicators Public Ownership
Government Involvement in Business Operations Simplification and Evaluation of Regulations Barriers to Domestic and Foreign Entry
Administrative Burden on Start-ups Barriers in Service & Network Sectors Barriers to Trade and Investment
Low level indicators Scope of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) Government Involvement in Network Sectors Direct Control over Business Enterprises Governance of SOEs Retail Price Controls and Regulation Command and Control Regulation Public Procurement Assessment of Impact on Competition Interaction with Interest Groups Complexity of Regulatory Procedures Administrative Requirements for Limited Liability Companies and Personally-Owned Enterprises Licences and Permits Barriers in Services Sectors Barriers in Network Sectors Barriers to Foreign Direct Investment
Tariff Barriers Differential Treatment of Foreign Suppliers Barriers to Trade Facilitation
Scope for improvement ** ** ***** * **** ** ** **** ** ***** **** (this would become ** based on first assessment of recent reforms) ** ** *
Note: Scope for improvement is given by size of the gap with the OECD average relative to the standard deviation across OECD countries. The number of asterisks indicates whether the gap is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 or more standard deviations.
PRODUCT MARKET REGULATION IN INDONESIA: © OECD 2021
