The Big Ideas - Diplomat with The New York Times

Page 45

แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜: แƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒจแƒ”แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒ‘ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก

Carlo Rovelli: What We Believe About Certainty Our most reliable beliefs are those that survive constant questioning

CARLO ROVELLI is a theoretical physicist. His latest book is โ€œHelgoland: Making Sense of the Quantum Revolution.โ€

แƒ›

แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒแƒ  แƒ•แƒแƒ  แƒ›แƒแƒ—แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜. แƒแƒ แƒแƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ”แƒก แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒฅแƒ•แƒก แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒกแƒแƒคแƒฃแƒซแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒญแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ - แƒแƒ แƒช แƒ’แƒ•แƒ˜แƒœแƒ“แƒ. แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒฃแƒชแƒแƒ“แƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒแƒกแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒกแƒ แƒฃแƒš แƒ“แƒแƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒฃแƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒฃแƒšแƒแƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒจแƒแƒ แƒ˜แƒก แƒฃแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ–แƒแƒ แƒ˜ แƒจแƒฃแƒแƒšแƒ”แƒ“แƒฃแƒ แƒ˜ แƒกแƒ˜แƒ•แƒ แƒชแƒ”แƒ, แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒแƒช แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒก แƒชแƒฎแƒแƒ•แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ•แƒแƒขแƒแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ—. แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ แƒ•แƒ•แƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ“แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ“แƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒฆแƒ˜แƒแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒ—, แƒ•แƒแƒ’แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ— แƒ›แƒ”แƒข แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒชแƒแƒ“แƒœแƒแƒก. แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒฃแƒšแƒ˜ แƒแƒ–แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒคแƒฃแƒœแƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒขแƒ˜แƒ. แƒงแƒ•แƒ”แƒšแƒแƒ–แƒ” แƒกแƒแƒœแƒ“แƒ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ˜แƒกแƒแƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ›แƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒช แƒ›แƒฃแƒ“แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ• แƒจแƒ”แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ—แƒฎแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒก แƒฃแƒซแƒšแƒ”แƒ‘แƒก. แƒ—แƒฃแƒ™แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ•แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ, แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒ แƒžแƒ”แƒœแƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒšแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ™แƒ˜ แƒคแƒ˜แƒšแƒขแƒ•แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒแƒœแƒ—แƒ”แƒ‘แƒแƒก แƒ™แƒฃแƒ แƒœแƒแƒ•แƒก, แƒ”แƒก แƒ›แƒฎแƒแƒšแƒแƒ“ แƒ˜แƒ›แƒ˜แƒขแƒแƒ› แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ›แƒ แƒฉแƒ•แƒ”แƒœแƒ˜ แƒฌแƒ˜แƒœแƒแƒžแƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ-แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜, แƒ›แƒแƒ’แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ—แƒแƒ“, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒจแƒ”แƒ’แƒ•แƒ”แƒซแƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ˜แƒก แƒ™แƒ˜แƒ“แƒ”แƒจแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ— แƒ’แƒแƒชแƒฃแƒ แƒ•แƒ แƒแƒœ แƒฏแƒแƒ“แƒแƒฅแƒ แƒแƒ‘แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ›แƒ”แƒ“แƒ˜แƒชแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ”แƒ แƒ—-แƒ”แƒ แƒ—แƒ˜ แƒ™แƒแƒœแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒคแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ˜แƒงแƒ, แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒก. แƒแƒšแƒ‘แƒ”แƒ แƒข แƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒจแƒขแƒแƒ˜แƒœแƒ›แƒ แƒœแƒ˜แƒฃแƒขแƒแƒœแƒ˜แƒก แƒ›แƒ”แƒชแƒœแƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ”แƒ‘แƒ แƒ“แƒแƒแƒงแƒ”แƒœแƒ แƒ”แƒญแƒ•แƒฅแƒ•แƒ”แƒจ,

I

believe in justice. I believe that the Earth is round. I believe that my name is Carlo and that my fatherโ€™s name was Franco. I believe that life is worth living. My beliefs are rooted in me. They define me. I hold them dear and I strenuously defend them against any challenge. But I am not certain about them. We never have total certainty, nor do we need it โ€” or want it. Between full ignorance and total certainty there is a vast intermediate space where we conduct our lives. We grow, and we gather more reliable knowledge, by being genuinely open to the questioning of our beliefs. This is the core teaching of scientific thinking. The most reliable beliefs are those that survive questioning. If we believe that the Earth is round and that penicillin cures pneumonia, for example, it is because scientists doubted the proclamations of our ancestors that you could sail a ship off the edge of the Earth, or that incantations were a legitimate form of medicine. Albert Einstein questioned Newtonian science, and quantum theory questions the picture of the world of classical mechanics. There was a time when we thought that reality was

ยฉ 2022 The New York Times Company and Carlo Rovelli

แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒกแƒแƒ›แƒแƒ แƒ—แƒšแƒ˜แƒแƒœแƒแƒ‘แƒ˜แƒก. แƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒ“แƒ”แƒ“แƒแƒ›แƒ˜แƒฌแƒ แƒ›แƒ แƒ’แƒ•แƒแƒšแƒ˜แƒ. แƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒกแƒแƒฎแƒ”แƒšแƒ˜แƒ แƒ™แƒแƒ แƒšแƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒก แƒคแƒ แƒแƒœแƒ™แƒ แƒ”แƒ แƒฅแƒ•แƒ. แƒ›แƒฏแƒ”แƒ แƒ, แƒ แƒแƒ› แƒกแƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒชแƒฎแƒšแƒ” แƒฆแƒ˜แƒ แƒก. แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒ˜ แƒ แƒฌแƒ›แƒ”แƒœแƒ-แƒฌแƒแƒ แƒ›แƒแƒ“แƒ’แƒ”แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜ แƒฉแƒ”แƒ›แƒจแƒ˜แƒ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒฏแƒ“แƒแƒ แƒ˜. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒœแƒ›แƒกแƒแƒ–แƒฆแƒ•แƒ แƒแƒ•แƒ”แƒœ. แƒ˜แƒกแƒ˜แƒœแƒ˜ แƒซแƒ•แƒ˜แƒ แƒคแƒแƒกแƒแƒ“ แƒ›แƒ˜แƒ›แƒแƒฉแƒœแƒ˜แƒ แƒ“แƒ แƒœแƒ”แƒ‘แƒ˜แƒกแƒ›แƒ˜แƒ”แƒ แƒ˜ แƒ’แƒแƒ›แƒแƒฌแƒ•แƒ”แƒ•แƒ˜แƒกแƒ’แƒแƒœ แƒ›แƒขแƒ™แƒ˜แƒชแƒ”แƒ“ แƒ•แƒ˜แƒชแƒแƒ• แƒ›แƒแƒ—.

45


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Createย aย flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.
The Big Ideas - Diplomat with The New York Times by Observer Media Group - Issuu