Social Contracts in Africa: A Conceptual and Empirical Framework 43
References Acemoglu, D., S. Johnson, and J. A. Robinson. 2005. “Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth.” In Handbook of Economic Growth, Vol. 1A, edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Acemoglu, D., S. Naidu, P. Restrepo, and J. Robinson. 2019. “Democracy Does Cause Growth.” Journal of Political Economy 127 (1): 47–100. Acemoglu, D., and J. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. London: Profile Books. Ahmad, A., and I. Irwin. 2019. “Somalia Case Study.” Unpublished, World Bank, Washington, DC. Chatterjee, P. 2004. The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World. New York: Columbia University Press. Cloutier, M. 2021. “Social Contracts in Sub-Saharan Africa: Concepts and Measurements.” Policy Research Working Paper Series, World Bank, Washington, DC. DfID (Department for International Development). 2010. The Politics of Poverty: Elites, Citizens and States: Findings from Ten Years of DfID-Funded Research on Governance and Fragile States, 2001–2010. London: DfID. http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents /publications1/evaluation/plcy-pltcs-dfid-rsch-synth-ppr.pdf. Easterly, W., J. Ritzen, and M. Woolcock. 2006. “Social Cohesion, Institutions and Growth.” Economics and Politics 18 (2): 103–20. Fukuyama, F. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press. Guiso, L., P. Sapienza, and L. Zingales. 2016. “Long-Term Persistence.” Journal of the European Economic Association 14 (6): 1401–36. Hanson, J. K., and R. Sigman. 2013. “Leviathan’s Latent Dimensions: Measuring State Capacity for Comparative Political Research.” American Political Science Association 2011 Annual Meeting Paper. Hoogeveen, J. 2018. “A Social Contract Indicator for Sub-Sahara Africa.” Unpublished, World Bank, Washington, DC. Howard, P. N., A. Duffy, D. Freelon, M. M. Hussain, W. Mari, and M. Maziad. 2011. “Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media during the Arab Spring?” Project on Information Technology and Political Islam, University of Washington, Seattle. Khan, M. 2010. “Political Settlements and the Governance of Growth-Enhancing Institutions.” Working Paper, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/9968/. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2009. “Concepts and Dilemmas of State-Building in Fragile Situations: From Fragility to Resilience.” OECD Journal on Development 9 (3): 61–148. Putnam, R. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.