Message from Benjamin Boykin II
NYSAC President and Westchester County Legislator
As President of the New York State Association of Counties it has been an incredible honor and privilege to lead this organization as it celebrates a century of uniting New York’s counties and amplifying our shared voice.
NYSAC’s strength has always been its unity. From our smallest rural counties to the most populous urban regions, our association has brought together elected and appointed officials from all corners of the state. Despite our geographic and political differences, we share a common mission: to serve our communities with integrity, vision, and effectiveness. It is this unity that gives NYSAC its true power—bringing diverse voices together to advocate as one on the issues that impact all New Yorkers.
Over the last century, NYSAC has helped county governments evolve through education, training, and collaboration. As a legislator and former Chairman of the Board in Westchester County, I’ve seen firsthand how NYSAC provides vital resources—from policy reports to expert-led conferences—that elevate our work and help us govern with excellence. And as president, I’ve seen the great thought, care and effort that go into crafting the annual conferences where our members gather to learn from one another and share ideas and solutions.
This centennial celebration is a moment to reflect on the foresight of our founders and the generations of leaders who have built and sustained this association. It is also a time to look ahead. As we face emerging challenges—uncertainty in federal funding, public workforce shortages, and an economic transformation led by artificial intelligence technology—we must continue to stand together. United, we will find solutions. United, we will shape the future of county government.
As we gather this September for the final time during this remarkable centennial year, let us pause to remember those we lost 24 years ago in the September 11th attacks—a day that forever changed our state and our nation. In honoring their memory, and the resilience that followed, we also honor NYSAC’s enduring legacy. Let this moment be one of reflection and recommitment—to our shared mission, to one another, and to the communities we serve. Together, we will carry forward the spirit of collaboration, excellence, and public service that has defined our first 100 years, and shape a future worthy of that proud history.
Hon. Benjamin Boykin II NYSAC President
Message from Stephen J. Acquario
NYSAC Executive Director
One hundred years ago, a bold and visionary group of county officials came together to form an organization that would serve as both advocate and ally for county governments across New York State. Today, as Executive Director of NYSAC, I am proud to carry forward their legacy into a new century of service.
From its earliest days, NYSAC has been a forum where leaders from every corner of the state could come together—regardless of political affiliation or population size—to share solutions, exchange ideas, and lift each other up. Our greatest strength lies in that unity. It allows us to speak with one powerful voice in Albany and Washington, D.C., advocating for policies that reflect the needs of our counties and the people we serve.
Throughout our history, NYSAC has championed excellence in governance. We’ve launched training programs like the County Government Institute, provided critical policy analysis through white papers and legislative updates, and supported innovation in service delivery. These resources equip county officials to govern more effectively and respond swiftly to the challenges of the day.
But NYSAC is more than just an advocacy organization. We are a community. I have had the privilege to witness friendships forged, wisdom exchanged, and leaders mentored across generations through our conferences and educational forums. That spirit of camaraderie and mutual respect continues to define us.
As we mark this centennial milestone, we reflect not only on what we’ve accomplished, but also on what lies ahead. The future will demand adaptability, resilience, and vision from county governments—and NYSAC will be there every step of the way.
Thank you to every county official, past and present, who has shaped our path. Together, we embark on our second century, stronger, more united, and more committed than ever to the people of New York.
Stephen J. Acquario NYSAC Executive Director
Board Members
Hon. Benjamin Boykin II Westchester County President
Hon. Luis A. Alvarez Sullivan County
Mr. Philip R. Church Oswego County President-Elect
Hon. Bruce Blakeman Nassau County
Hon. J. Ryan McMahon II Onondaga County
Dr. Kevin Watkins Cattaraugus County First Vice President
Ms. Ruth A. Doyle St. Lawrence County
Hon. Steven M. Neuhaus Orange County
Hon. Margaret M. Kennedy Otsego County Second Vice President
Mr. Jonas Neri NYC Office of the Mayor
Hon. Shawna Black Tompkins County
Hon. Daniel P. McCoy Albany County Immediate Past President
Hon. Beth A. Hunt Hamilton County
Hon. Paul M. Wendel Jr. Chautauqua County
Hon. A. Douglas Berwanger Wyoming County
Hon. Daniel P. McCoy Albany County
A Century of Advocacy, Action, and Achievement
"A
single leaf working alone provides no shade." – Proverb
New York’s county governments represent a diverse mix of urban, suburban, and rural communities. Their constituencies span all demographic groups and political perspectives. Each county faces its own unique challenges.
Despite these differences, all counties share a common mission: to provide public services as efficiently as possible while working to improve the quality of life for their residents.
Recognizing the need for a unified voice to navigate the complexities of state and federal bureaucracy, county leaders came together in 1925 to form the New York State County Officers Association. Spearheaded by Monroe County Attorney George Y. Webster, this organization would eventually evolve into the New York State Association of Counties (NYSAC).
The County Officers Association initially focused on hosting networking functions. But as the scope and complexity of county challenges grew, leaders realized the need for a full-service organization that could help shape public policy, provide leadership training, and identify funding opportunities for essential county services.
By 1931, members and staff were already discussing the need for a permanent office in Albany—a move both sides agreed would improve productivity and amplify the association’s influence.
Following years of debate and the acquisition of necessary funding, the association established its first permanent office in Albany in 1956. This move, along with the addition of full-time staff, marked the beginning of a new era of advocacy that would yield countless victories on behalf of counties.
We truly needed a statewide organization like NYSAC
on our side.
- Hon. Sarah Purdy
Roughly two decades later, the organization made another pivotal change, officially rebranding itself as the New York State Association of Counties (NYSAC).
As a recent NYSAC board resolution states: "NYSAC’s guiding principle is that when counties unite as one voice, extraordinary results can be achieved for communities."
This spirit of unity echoes the vision articulated by former NYSAC Executive Director Edward P. Crawford in a 1983 interview, "People would be surprised to find out how many similarities there are between even Orleans County and New York City," Crawford noted.
"At the same time, we have to walk a fine line, meshing the desires of each county individually and collectively, along with those of our affiliate groups, like planners, welfare commissioners, and others."
We had to begin to form our own legislative formulas to protect the interests of counties.
- Hon. Edward Crawford
In 1975, NYSAC adopted a more proactive approach to advocacy. As Crawford explained, the challenges of the 1970s— including major issues like transportation, water pollution, and solid waste disposal—demanded stronger legislative engagement from the organization.
"We could no longer remain passive," he said. "We had to begin to form our own legislative formulas to protect the interests of the counties."
Many of the issues faced by counties today mirror those of the past. State mandates continue to impose significant costs, often without adequate funding support. NYSAC has consistently worked to ensure county governments have the tools and representation they need to meet these challenges.
Sarah Purdy, who served as Yates County Administrator for 21 years and was elected NYSAC President in 2009, highlighted the value of the association’s advocacy, "NYSAC is a strong advocate for counties, and the need for that type of advocacy has grown tremendously over the past few decades," she said. "I can't imagine counties trying to advocate for themselves alone before the state and federal governments. We truly need a statewide organization like NYSAC on our side."
In recent years, NYSAC has achieved many successes on behalf of county governments, advocating for billions of dollars in state aid for them, helping to drive through a sales tax on internet purchases -- thus putting online retailers on a level playing field with Main Street bricks and mortar stores. NYSAC has also helped secure hundreds of millions of dollars in opioid settlement funding to aid counties devastated by the epidemic of drug overdoses.
You can't put a high enough value on what NYSAC has provided to us.
- Hon. MaryEllen Odell
During the COVID-19 pandemic, NYSAC was instrumental in advocating for greater county involvement in the vaccination rollout and pushed back against restrictive state regulations affecting local businesses.
Former NYSAC President and Tioga County Legislature Chair Martha Sauerbrey praised NYSAC’s support during that turbulent period, "Their guidance was especially helpful for smaller counties dealing with the numerous and ever-changing rules and regulations from the state," she said. "We all pulled together with NYSAC's help."
Sauerbrey also commended NYSAC’s establishment of the Women’s Leadership Council, which fosters leadership development and connection among women in county government.
Former Putnam County Executive MaryEllen Odell, NYSAC President from 2017–2018, emphasized the value of collaboration, "NYSAC gives us the opportunity to see that while we are a very diverse state, we are better when we work together," she said. "You can't put a high enough value on what NYSAC has provided to us."
As we mark this centennial milestone, we look not only to the past but to the future—with purpose and optimism.
NYSAC remains dedicated to advancing excellence in county governance and ensuring every county’s voice is heard in Albany and Washington, D.C.
The future will bring new challenges, but also tremendous opportunities. NYSAC will continue to educate, advocate, and empower county officials with the tools and partnerships needed to serve their communities.
As we step into our next century, we reaffirm our commitment to be a steadfast ally, a source of knowledge, and a unified voice for counties across New York.
Thank you for being part of this journey. Together, we will continue building a stronger, brighter future for our counties and the people of New York State.
Executive Directors of NYSAC
*John Fiester ◆ Up until 1943
*Donald C. Scribner ◆ 1943- 1956
*C. L. “Monty” Chamberlain ◆ 1956- 1968
*Herbert Smith ◆ 1968-1976
*Edwin Crawford ◆ 1977 – 1993
John R. Zagame ◆ 1994 – 1996
Robert R. Gregory ◆ 1997- 2004
Stephen J. Acquario ◆ 2004 to present
* Deceased
*Harry N. Harrington, Oneida
*George Y. Webster, Monroe
*Walter Scott McNab, Schenectady
* Truman H. Preston, Onondaga
* Harry L. Hedger, Nassau
* Walter Wickins, Monroe
* Roy R. Bockett, Erie
* Marcus G. Christ, Nassau
* Thomas Slaight, Livingston
* Donald M. Neff, Erie
* John Coyle, Rockland
* James Carpenter, Fulton
* Richard C. Haxston, Saratoga
* Julian W. Edgcomb, Onondaga
* Robert H. Miller, Chautauqua
* Edward A. Rath, Erie
* Charles S. Mix, Schoharie
* Charles A. Fremd, Westchester
* Charles P. O'Brien, Broome
* F. Clark Hamlin, Jefferson
* Roger H. Butts, Wayne
* Fred B. Hose, Jr., Suffolk
* Lewis D. Sandy, Montgomery
* Kenneth T. Power, Monroe
* John H. Mulroy, Onondaga
* Everett F. Neckers, Chautauqua
* Harold E. Collins, Nassau
Past Presidents
* Leslie Hayes, Jr., Warren
* Henry Heissenbuttel, Dutchess
* William J. Stevens, Monroe
* Edwin L. Crawford, Broome
* C. William Baker, Cattaraugus
* Charles R. Clark, Washington
Lucien A. Morin, Monroe
** William P. Collins, St. Lawrence
Peter Q. Eschweiler, Westchester
*George Arney, Wayne
Joseph Gerace, Chautauqua
Laure C. Nolan, Suffolk
* John T. Grant, Rockland
John J. Kelly, Essex
Sandra R. Galef, Westchester
Henry W. Dwyer, Nassau
*Lucille P. Pattison, Dutchess
James J. Snyder, Cattaraugus
David Kaufman, Sullivan
Thomas R. Frey, Monroe
Diane A. Keane, Westchester
Lloyd H. Demboski, Warren
Joseph K. Eade, Cattaraugus
*Harold J. Gary, Putnam
Nicholas J. Pirro, Onondaga
Jean Raymond, Saratoga
William R. Steinhaus, Dutchess
Virginia Amico, Livingston
**Clifford R. Donaldson, Essex
Rocco J. DiVeronica, Madison
**R. Shawn Gray, St. Lawrence
Lucille M. McKnight, Albany
Sarah Purdy, Yates
Tom Santulli, Chemung
William J. Ryan, Westchester
Mary Pat Hancock, Genesee
Edward A. Diana, Orange
Mark R. Alger, Steuben
Anthony Picente, Jr., Oneida
**Maggie Brooks, Monroe
William E. Cherry, Schoharie
MaryEllen Odell, Putnam
Charles H. Nesbitt, Jr., Orleans
**Scott B. Samuelson, Sullivan
John F. Marren, Ontario
Martha C. Sauerbrey, Tioga
Robert J. Gaffney, Suffolk
Ellen E. Grant Bishop, Ph.D., Erie
William J. Bingel, Clinton
Arthur J. Shafer, Broome
Michael E. Zurlo, Clinton County
Daniel P. McCoy, Albany County
* Deceased
** Resigned before the end of term
Through the Years in Photos
Message from Jason Garnar
President of NYS County Executives' Association
It is an incredible honor to join my fellow county leaders in celebrating the 100th anniversary of the New York State Association of Counties. As Broome County Executive and President of the New York State County Executives’ Association, I’ve had the privilege of experiencing firsthand the unwavering support and unifying strength that NYSAC brings to New York’s counties—especially during our most trying times.
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, it was county governments that rose to meet the moment. From establishing testing and vaccination sites, to coordinating emergency response and public communications, to protecting our most vulnerable populations, county executives were on the frontlines every single day. In that moment of uncertainty and crisis, NYSAC stood by us—amplifying our voices, providing critical guidance, and fostering a real-time network of collaboration that helped save lives.
Throughout the pandemic, NYSAC was more than a support system—it was a lifeline. Their rapid policy analysis, webinars with health experts, and up-to-the-minute updates from Albany helped county executives make decisions based on the best available information. NYSAC’s leadership ensured that no county stood alone. We were united, and that unity gave us strength.
This experience underscores what NYSAC has been doing for a century: empowering counties to lead with confidence and competence. Whether it’s navigating a global pandemic or tackling long-term challenges like infrastructure, housing, and economic development, NYSAC provides the resources, training, and advocacy that county executives rely on to serve their communities effectively.
In Broome County, and across New York, the results speak for themselves. We’ve not only weathered the storm—we’ve come through stronger, more resilient, and more connected than ever.
As we mark this centennial milestone, we do so with gratitude for the past and a renewed commitment to the future. NYSAC’s role has never been more vital. I’m proud to be part of its legacy, and I look forward to continuing this important work—together—as we lead our counties into a new century of service.
Jason Garnar NYSCEA President &
Message from Shaun Groden
President of NYS Association of County Administrators
Serving as both Greene County Administrator and President of the New York State Association of County Administrators, I understand the essential role NYSAC has played—and continues to play—in making local government more effective, collaborative, and forward-thinking.
When NYSAC was founded a century ago, counties faced a host of emerging challenges: industrialization, infrastructure, public health. Our founders recognized the need for a forum where counties could speak with one voice and learn from each other’s experiences. That vision still guides us today.
County administrators are on the frontlines of public service. We translate policy into practice, navigate budgetary constraints, manage departments, and address the day-to-day needs of our residents. NYSAC has been an indispensable partner in this work—providing timely analysis, expert training, and a space to connect with peers facing similar issues in counties large and small.
As President of the Association of County Administrators, I’ve seen how NYSAC’s commitment to fostering excellence drives tangible improvements in service delivery. Whether through workshops on emergency management, fiscal strategy, or housing initiatives, NYSAC ensures that our teams are well-equipped to meet the evolving demands of governance.
What makes this centennial moment so meaningful is that NYSAC hasn’t just endured—it has grown in scope, impact, and relevance. Our challenges have changed, but our collaborative spirit remains the same.
Looking forward, we must continue to support innovation, celebrate shared successes, and never lose sight of our mission: to serve the people of New York with professionalism and compassion. NYSAC is our backbone in that pursuit—linking counties together so we can face tomorrow’s challenges with confidence.
Here’s to 100 years of progress—and to a future of even greater achievement, united in purpose.
Shaun S. Groden Greene County Administrator
Message from Mark Henry
President of NYS Association of Chairs of Legislative Boards
As Chair of the Clinton County Legislature and President of the New York State Association of Chairs of Legislative Boards, I am proud to honor NYSAC’s centennial—a testament to the enduring power of partnership and purpose in local government.
The legislative board is where ideas take root and decisions shape the future of our communities. As chairs, we are charged with guiding debate, building consensus, and ensuring that county policy serves the public good. NYSAC has been instrumental in supporting that work, offering training, leadership development, and invaluable peer connection.
For 100 years, NYSAC has united counties across the state under a shared banner of public service. It has transcended politics and geography to champion a model of governance that values collaboration over competition. This is no small feat in a diverse and dynamic state like New York. But it is exactly that diversity—rural and urban, north, south, east and west, Democratic and Republican—that makes our association so effective.
The tools that NYSAC provides—from detailed legislative reports to policy workshops to relentless advocacy in our state and nation’s capital—allow chairs and their boards to lead with clarity and purpose. I’ve seen the impact in my own county, and I know countless others who have benefited from NYSAC’s guidance and expertise.
This centennial is more than a celebration of history—it’s a call to action. As we look to the next 100 years, we must renew our commitment to excellence, unity, and service. The challenges facing our counties—fiscal pressures, workforce needs, infrastructure demands—require strong leadership and a collective voice. NYSAC is that voice.
To every legislator, administrator, and county official who has contributed to this journey: thank you. Together, let us step confidently into the future, empowered by a century of shared purpose and inspired by the promise of what lies ahead.
Mark Henry Chair of the Clinton County Legislature
Years of Service Timeline Highlights from NYSAC’s 100 years
1920s
Individual County Associations
Prior to the creation of the statewide County Officers Association, several counties around the state formed County Officers Associations for their respective counties.
January 27, 1926
NYS County Officers’ Association
Holds
First Annual Meeting
After uniting individual County Officers’ Associations under one statewide organization, the NYS COA held its first meeting in Albany.
February 4, 1928
The ‘Power Broker’ Speaks to Counties
At its annual winter meeting in 1928, the County Officers’ Association discussed proposed legislation to establish a state gasoline tax. Attendees were also treated to remarks from Robert Moses, then secretary of state and president of the State Council of Parks.
September 1928
Governor Smith Seeks to Eliminate Counties
As reported in the Cayuga Chief in September of 1928:
“One of the issues of the coming campaign in New York State promises to be Governor Smith’s project of expanding Tammany rule into upstate New York by eliminating counties and substituting departments in their place…”
“The project was studied carefully and thoroughly by county officers at a meeting of the state county officers’ association last winter.”
February 1931
“A clearing house for modern ideas”
During its annual meeting in February of 1931, Monroe County attorney James E. Cuff recommended that the association support legislation that would permit counties to appropriate dues to the County Officers’ Association.
He stated:
“Pending legislation could be transmitted to county officers for action, through an office in Albany. Increased efficiency and economy in county government would be effected for the office would act as a clearing house for modern ideas.”
March 1938
$75 Dues
In March of 1938, the Lewis County adopted a resolution appropriating $75 for the County Officers’ Association.
Lewis County dues were $75.00 in 1938, ($1,700 in 2024 dollars)
July 1943
The “Wartime Conference”
In July 1943, the NYS County Officers’ Association held a Wartime Summer Conference in Saratoga County. The conference was “devoted to study of technical problems of county government and special situations arising out of the war.” The conference featured talks from the state director of civilian protection and counsel to the governor. Governor Dewey sent a congratulatory message to conference attendees.
February 1952
County Wide Sales Tax?
During the 1952 Winter Conference, approximately 400 members of the association discussed a range of issues impacting counties, including a presentation urging counties to adopt a countywide sales tax. Richard Atkins of the Syracuse Governmental Research Bureau argued that an analysis showed a countywide tax would help alleviate growing financial burdens on local governments.
January 1956
Opening of the Albany Office
During the annual meeting in February 1955, the Association unanimously adopted a resolution to open a permanent Albany office. Funds were raised by the Association, and the first permanent office opened at 190 State Street on their target date of January 1, 1956.
September 1964
“A bulwark of government.”
At the 1964 Fall Seminar in Putnam County, Lieutenant Governor Malcolm Wilson spoke to conference attendees, stating:
“Over the past three centuries, the county has been a bulwark of government in New York State. Since World War II, the county has been called upon to fill increased needs for local government services, taking on new functions, expanding activities… the County Officers Association has always been in the vanguard of those who have put forward intelligent and helpful solutions to the problems at hand. It has been steadfast in its advocacy of the home rule principle. County Officers have time and time again shown their dedication to the tenet that government exists to get things done efficiently and economically for the well-being of all.”
April 1967
First County Finance School
From May 8-10, 1967, the County Officers Association hosted the first County Finance School in Monroe County. The conference was a joint venture between the COA, the County Treasurers and Finance Officers Association and the state Department of Audit and Control.
September 1969
‘Rocky’ Speaks at Fall Seminar
On September 9, 1969, more than 1000 county officials attended the 45th annual Fall Seminar of the County Officers’ Association. Governor Nelson Rockefeller spoke to the group during the Tuesday evening banquet. Major topics of the conference included the growing problem of solid waste disposal and recent amendments to the Taylor Law.
September 1975
Speaking to the 50th annual convention of the County Officers’ Association in September of 1975, State Senate Majority Leader Warren Anderson told county officials that he understood that counties were “at or near the breaking point” from rising costs of welfare programs.
Counties at Breaking Point 1978
Anderson’s remarks came in the wake of actions taken by various county legislatures to hold back funds for welfare payments because state and federal regulators had sharply increased costs without changing aid formulas.
Counties Secure Local Aid Increase
Due to the efforts of NYSAC and county leaders, counties received over $146 million in benefits during the 1978 legislative session, following favorable action by the legislature on three of NYSAC’s priority issues. Supplemental Security Income funding was taken over by the state, which provided counties with $78 million to county governments that fiscal year. The state also took over the funding of the courts, which provided $59 million in state funding to counties that fiscal year as they increased their cost-sharing percentage to 50%.
May
1982
NYSAC Medicaid Funding Reform Campaign
During the 1982 legislative session, NYSAC and the State County Executives’ Association created the Blue Ribbon Medicaid Taskforce, which was formed to ensure the passage of favorable reform legislation concerning the funding distribution for Medicaid costs in the state. The committee urged the state legislature to consider a variety of proposals that would increase the state’s share of the cost of Medicaid.
1985
NYSAC Champions Correction Law Amendment
During the 1985 legislative session, NYSAC successfully championed an amendment to the state Correction Law, which required the state to pay prosecution costs for inmates of the Department of Correctional Services. The new amendment clarified costs that were to be paid by the state, where the previous statute left ambiguity in the cost burden. The amendment saved counties millions of dollars.
September 1994
NYSAC Logs On
In the fall of 1994, NYSAC introduced NYSAC Net, an online bulletin board system, which allowed NYSAC to join the information revolution of the age. NYSAC Net contained information libraries, email capabilities, and public forums for users to join in ongoing discussions. NYSAC Net was the predecessor to the modern NYSAC website used today.
Spring
1996
NYSAC Champions First Medicaid Cap
In NYSAC’s 1996 legislative priorities, the organization outlined the importance of Medicaid funding reform, where high levels of mandated Medicaid spending had forced municipalities to raise taxes to an unsustainably high level.
Summer 2005
State Caps Local Medicaid Costs
After nearly a decade of advocacy, NYSAC finally secured a cap on local Medicaid costs in 2005, when the state and Governor capped the growth of the local share of Medicaid as a part of the 2005-2006 state budget. This plan saved local taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars upon its implementation, and the modified funding formula laid the groundwork for its current funding system.
Winter 2007
Crackdown on Medicaid Fraud and Abuse
NYSAC worked extensively with Governor Spitzer and the state legislature to crack down on Medicaid waste, fraud, and abuse, which was costing county taxpayers millions of dollars per year. Due to their collaborative efforts, new measures were enacted in the following year’s budget, which empowered localities to fight back against unjust Medicaid fraud.
Summer 2009
Weathering the Great Recession
Following the Great Recession, NYSAC prioritized providing its members with the knowledge and resources necessary to recover from the crisis as quickly and effectively as possible. The Summer 2009 edition of NYSAC News published a resource on New York State’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds made available just a couple months prior, guiding counties as they stimulated their municipalities with the influx of funds.
October
2010
9 for 90 Campaign
Following the rise in local property tax due to unfunded mandates from the State Legislature, NYSAC identified that 9 mandates consumed about 90% of the statewide county property tax levy. In response to this, NYSAC created the “9 for 90 campaign,” calling for the limiting or the ending of unfunded mandates handed down from the state, and accompanying property tax caps and cuts.
February 2018
NYSAC Champions Internet Sales Tax
In its 2018 Legislative Guide, NYSAC championed the adoption of an internet sales tax, to level the retailer playing field and raise revenue for the state.
Following a NYSAC advocacy campaign and a Supreme Court ruling, New York state adopted an internet sales tax.
February 2020
Keep the Cap!
After Governor Cuomo's 2021 Executive Budget included a provision that would have required counties to stay under the 2 percent property tax cap in order to continue benefitting from the current local Medicaid growth caps, NYSAC mobilized the Keep the Cap advocacy campaign, which successfully struck the provision from the budget, and saved counties $1 billion in annual costs upon potential full implementation.
May 2021
“Our Darkest Hours” Published
Following the onset and during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, NYSAC leadership published a book titled “Our Darkest Hours,” which chronicled the courage and leadership of county leaders to combat the pandemic, as well as documented strategies used by local leaders to serve as a resource for future generations.
October 2021
Operation Green Light
In October 2021, NYSAC launched Operation Green Light, a campaign designed to show support for our nation's veterans and raise awareness of the county role in providing support and resources to veterans. Since its launch, the campaign has been adopted by National Association of Counties (NACo) and has spread to hundreds of counties and local governments across the United States.
February 2025
NYSAC Celebrates 100 Years
NYSAC celebrated its centennial anniversary during the annual Legislative Conference in Albany. The celebration included a reception hosted by Governor Kathy Hochul to unveil a new exhibit at the State Capitol that explores the 62 counties’ foundational beginnings, defining milestones, and continuing role in shaping the state. During the event, the state unveiled the addition of two new county carvings - Nassau and Bronx - that were missing from the Capitol’s Great Western Staircase.
Centennial Celebrations 2025
In Honor and Memory of Herman Geist
NYSAC Parliamentarian
April 5, 1925 – June 28, 2025
With deep respect, enduring gratitude, and heartfelt remembrance, we celebrate the extraordinary life of Herman Geist, a man whose unwavering commitment to service shaped not only the institutions he helped build but also the people whose lives he quietly transformed.
Herman was more than just NYSAC’s longest-serving member, its trusted Parliamentarian, and a revered NACo Parliamentarian for 24 years - he was the steady heart and guiding conscience of our association. He personified the very mission of NYSAC: to foster excellence in county government and to unite New York’s counties with purpose, integrity, and vision.
Service to Country
Herman Geist’s legacy of service began long before his decades in public life. When the world was thrust into conflict during World War II, Herman answered his nation’s call to serve. He enlisted in the United States Army at age 18, joining the 38th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army in the Battle of the Bulge.
He then led his platoon from France through Germany to Czechoslovakia. His unit was first on the scene to help liberate the city of Domažlice from Nazi occupation. He later helped liberate the city of Pilsen. For his service, he received two Bronze Stars and the Combat Infantry Badge.
A Builder of Local Democracy
After returning from war, Herman redirected his commitment to service toward local government. His leadership was thoughtful and deliberate, grounded in the belief that government should be both effective and accountable. A forward-thinker and a consensus-builder, Herman was instrumental in guiding Westchester.
As the first-ever Chairman of the Westchester County Board of Legislators, he oversaw the county’s transition to a new charter form of governance.
He led with humility, building consensus across lines of division, and laying down a framework of transparency, fairness, and effective policy that continues to guide the county to this day.
A Life of Integrity and Purpose
To those who worked with him, Herman Geist was a trusted colleague and mentor. To those who knew him personally, he was a devoted husband, a loving father, a loyal friend, and a quiet source of wisdom. He lived with humility, treating everyone — from constituents and clerks to veterans and community leaders — with the same courtesy and respect.
Herman’s contributions went far beyond government. He co-founded the Westchester Parks Foundation, served as a Board Trustee for the Westchester Medical Center, and chaired the County Bi-Centennial Commission.
A Lasting Legacy
Herman Geist passed away in 2025, but his legacy continues to shape Westchester County, the New York State Association of Counties, and all who had the honor of knowing him.
His legacy lives on in the county officials he mentored, in the spirit of service that guides our work today, and in the recently launched Herman Geist Fellowship Program, a Westchester County initiative to cultivate the next generation of local government leaders.
In honoring Herman Geist, we pay tribute to a man who exemplified what it means to serve others. His warmth, humility, and enduring passion for service left an indelible mark on everyone he met.
We will miss Herman’s presence dearly, and we will carry his example with us always.
A Century of County Advocacy Comparing the Challenges of 1925 and 2025
This centennial reflection offers a look at New York’s policy landscape in 1925 and contrasts it with the challenges and priorities of 2025, underscoring the enduring importance of county government in shaping the quality of life.
1925: Infrastructure, Modernization, and Reform in the Roaring Twenties
In 1925, New York was a state on the move. With a population of just over 11 million, it was a time marked by industrial innovation, urban growth, and spirited political leadership under Governor Al Smith. County leaders were grappling with sweeping changes in infrastructure, governance, and public services. One of the most talked-about issues was the Kaufman Act, passed two years earlier, which required the electrification of all railroads in New York City by the start of 1926.
The law intended to phase out steam locomotives, which in turn led to the accelerated adoption of diesel-powered trains. While the law originally intended to electrify the city’s trains, subsequent amendments gave carveouts for diesel trains, which were cleaner and more fuel-efficient than coal-powered steam trains. Though it was overturned the following year, due to being found unconstitutional, it highlighted the challenges of adapting local transportation systems to new technologies—an issue that counties navigated then, just as they do now.
That same year, a major constitutional amendment proposed to reorganize state government, including the shift to an appointed Secretary of State and the elimination of the elected State Engineer and State Treasurer positions. These changes signaled a broader trend toward modernized and centralized governance, including the creation of the Department of Civil Service to standardize hiring through a merit-based public employee system.
Counties were also at the forefront of major infrastructure investment. The state authorized the construction or improvement of dozens of county roads, laying the foundation for the modern highway system. Simultaneously, the federal government expanded U.S. Route 9, bringing new opportunities for economic development and mobility to communities like Saratoga.
Education reform was another pressing concern. The Central Rural Schools Act encouraged the consolidation of rural schools into centralized districts, offering incentives to counties that participated. The Equalization Law, passed the same year, introduced a new formula for state aid that accounted for disparities in local wealth—a crucial step toward more equitable education funding.
Local governments were increasingly engaged in planning and development. Chapter 467 of the Laws of 1925 authorized towns near New York City to establish water districts, reflecting the early stirrings of suburban expansion. Meanwhile, the creation of regional planning boards laid the groundwork for coordinated land use and infrastructure strategies.
Counties were also caught in the national struggle over Prohibition. Illegal liquor operations thrived in New York City and along the St. Lawrence River under Governor Smith’s leadership, where he publicly opposed the federal alcohol ban, which was widely unpopular in the state. County law enforcement bore the brunt of enforcing unpopular laws during a time when organized crime was on the rise.
Elsewhere, counties played a role in early environmental stewardship. The New York State Council of Parks, created in 1924, worked to manage and standardize state-owned recreational areas not under the jurisdiction of the Conservation Commission. This would lead to the formation of the Department of Conservation in 1926, the forerunner of today’s Department of Environmental Conservation.
2025: Sustainability, Equity, and Operational Efficiency in a New Century
A century later, New York State has grown to nearly 20 million residents and is led by Governor Kathy Hochul, the first woman to hold the state’s highest office, alongside Lt. Governor Antonio Delgado, the first Latino to serve in a statewide elected position. County governments today are addressing a vastly different—but equally urgent—set of challenges.
One of the central concerns for counties in 2025 is fiscal responsibility, particularly as it relates to cost-shifting. With changes in federal entitlement programs, counties are pushing back against efforts to offload the financial burden of programs like Medicaid and SNAP to local budgets.
Environmental issues remain a prominent concern, but today’s counties are focused on sustainability and climate resilience. As the consequences of our changing climate create natural disasters at a scale and frequency that would be unfathomable to a county official in 1925, local governments are making investments to harden their infrastructure against severe weather, while leading the transition to renewable energy and working to lower carbon emissions.
Workforce development has also emerged as a critical focus. Following upheaval in the labor market created by the Covid-19 pandemic, counties have struggled to attract and retain employees as competition from the private sector has stiffened.
To ensure they can meet the demands of their communities for essential local services, counties are launching new initiatives to build interest in local public service and highlight the benefits of a career in county government. Additionally, counties have launched training programs aimed at equipping residents with indemand skills, connecting them to high-quality employment, and strengthening local economies. These programs reflect a modern understanding of economic development that centers on people as much as infrastructure.
In the realm of public safety, 100 years after the founding of NYSAC, counties are confronting new challenges in adhering to state-established policies on criminal justice. Laws like the Raise the Age reforms of 2017 have required counties to revamp county juvenile justice systems, expand probation service and create separate youth detention facilities. Additionally, public safety services like EMS, once the prerogative of cities, towns, and villages, is increasingly falling to the county as exploding costs and decreasing volunteerism make municipal programs unsustainable.
The development of affordable housing is also front and center. Counties are working to expand the housing supply, lower the cost of living, and create opportunities for population growth, particularly in areas facing economic stagnation or outmigration.
The role of local public health has also taken on new urgency in the 21st century. A once-in-a-generation pandemic highlighted the indispensable role that local health departments play in our communities. Local health departments have also been the tip of the spear in the ongoing epidemic of opioid addiction. Pivotal court settlements have yielded significant financial resources that LHDs are using to educate, treat and prevent opioid addiction and overdose deaths.
And finally, infrastructure, where counties were once concerned with expansion, are now focused on maintenance and renewal. Counties are investing heavily in repairing aging roads, bridges, and water systems to ensure safe, reliable service for decades to come.
Looking Back, Moving Forward
While the concerns of 1925—diesel trains, prohibition, and centralized school districts—seem distant, they echo in today’s efforts around green energy, public health crises, and educational equity. Across the past century, county governments have proven time and again that they are essential to the quality of life and well-being of New York’s communities.
Throughout every era of transformation, the New York State Association of Counties has championed the needs of our members and amplified their voices. As we look toward the future, NYSAC’s commitment to advocacy, innovation, and service remains as strong as ever. For the next 100 years and beyond, New York’s counties will continue to lead, adapt, and thrive.
What's in a Name?
Origins of New York County Names
Albany November 1st, 1683One of 12 original counties established by England British RoyaltyNamed after the Duke of Albany316,659
Allegany April 7th, 1806Partition of 1570 sq mi from Genesee County
Native American Tribe/ Translation Named for the Lenape word for the Allegheny River, meaning "fine river" or "best flowing river"
Bronx January 1st, 1914Split from New York CountyDutch OriginNamed for Jonas Bronck, a Swedish early settler of Dutch New Amsterdam
Broome March 28th, 1806Split from Tioga CountyNew York Officials/ Figures Named for John Broome, Lt. Gov. of NY 1804-1810196,077
Cattaraugus March 11th, 1808Split from Genesee CountyNative American Tribe/ Translation Name derived from Seneca words referencing the smell of natural gas leaking from rock seams
Cayuga March 8th, 1799Split from Onondaga CountyNative American Tribe/ Translation Named for the Cayuga people, one of the five original members of the Iroquois Federation
Chautauqua March 11th, 1808Split from Genesee CountyNative American Tribe/ Translation Named for Chautauqua Lake, whose name comes from the now-extinct Erie language
Chemung March 20th, 1836Partition of 520 sq mi from Tioga County
March 15th, 1798Split from Tioga and Herkimer Counties
Native American Tribe/ Translation Name derived from the Lenape word for "big horn", which was the name of a local Native American village
American Tribe/
after the Onondaga word for bull thistle45,920 Clinton March 7th, 1788Split from Washington County
April 1st, 1786Split from Albany CountyHistorical FiguresNamed after Christopher Columbus, European explorer
Cortland April 8th, 1808Split from Onondaga CountyNew York Officials/ Figures
after Pierre Van Cortlandt, 1st Lt Gov of NY45,752
Delaware March 10th, 1797Split from Otsego and Ulster Counties OtherNamed for
2nd, 1821Split from Niagara CountyNative American Tribe/ Translation
March 1st, 1799Split
Franklin March 11th, 1808Split from Clinton CountyFounding FathersNamed for Benjamin Franklin46,502 Fulton April 18th, 1838Split from Montgomery County
Genesee March 30th, 1802Split from Ontario County and land acquired in the Holland Purchase
after the Seneca word for "Good Valley"57,529 Greene March 25th, 1800Split from Albany and Ulster Counties
Origins of New York County Names
Origins of New York County Names
Richmond November 1st, 1683One of 12 original counties established by England British RoyaltyNamed after Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. Illegitimate son of King Charles II
Rockland February 23rd, 1798Split from Orange CountyOtherName derived from early settlers' description of terrain as "rocky land"
St. Lawrence March 3rd, 1802Split from Clinton, Herkimer, and Montgomery Counties
OtherNamed after the St. Lawrence River, which is named because the river was discovered by Jacques Cartier on St. Lawrence's feast day (Aug 10)
Saratoga February 7th, 1791Split from Albany CountyNative American Tribe/
Schenectady March 27th, 1809Split from Albany CountyNative American Tribe/
Schoharie April 6th, 1795Split from Albany and Otsego Counties
April 17th, 1854Split from Chemung, Steuben, and Tompkins Counties
derived from a corruption of a Native American word meaning "the hill beside the river"
