May 13-15, 2016
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
The Northern Virginia Daily
Location of reenactment services & events
HISTORY YOUR ADVENTURE.
MAKE OUR
WALKING TOURS / MUSIC FESTIVALS / UNIQUE SHOPS
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The Northern Virginia Daily
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
page 3
Schedule of Events Friday May 13 2:00-4:00 152nd Anniversary Director’s Battlefield Tour (REQUIRES PRE-REGISTRATION)
Saturday May 14 10:00 Grounds Open to the Public
Camp life, Living History at Bushong Farm
5:00
10:00-1:30
Grounds Closed to the Public
Camp life, Living History at Bushong Farm
11:00 Artillery Demonstration (Spectator Area) Battle of New Market Program (Benches in front of Museum)
Sunday May 15
2:00 REENACTMENT-Battle of New Market, May 15, 1864
10:00 Grounds Open to the Public
5:00
TACTICAL REENACTMENT
Church Service in Activities Tent
Grounds Closed to the Public
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2:30
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10:00-2:00
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BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
The Northern Virginia Daily
Welcome
Merchants & Vendors (aka Sutlers)
n behalf of the Virginia Military Institute and the staff of the Virginia Museum of the Civil War, welcome to the 152nd Anniversary Battle of New Market Reenactment. We have the distinction of holding the longest, continual reenactment in the United States, still held on original battlefield property. While our first event was in May of 1914, our biggest was in September of 1923 between VMI Cadets and United States Marines.
n the 19th century civilians called Sutlers followed the armies to sell items not available from the government, such as pen and paper, sweet treats, tobacco, patent medicines, reading materials, buttons, and even body armor. This tradition continues today at reenactments nationwide. Plan to upgrade your reenacting kit or fill your civilian attire needs with one of the many excellent period merchants who will be setting up shop at the 152nd Anniversary Battle of New Market Reenactment.
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On May 14-15, 2016, we will mark the 152nd Anniversary of the Battle of New Market, with a two day commemorative reenactment. This year is special because the dates of the original battle correspond exactly with our program this year. You will witness hundreds of living historians from around the United States recreating a moment unique in American history and on the actual spot that event took place. The battle is best known for the heroic role played by the young cadets from the Virginia Military Institute, the youngest only 15 years old; but valor and bravery knew no color that day. It is their story you will learn during your visit. Be sure to visit the Virginia Museum of the Civil War and historic Bushong farmstead, or have lunch at the various food vendors or shop at the many Civil War period merchants on site. Your reenactment admission ticket is good for all of the activities that day. Don’t forget to visit the Town of New Market with its many shops, restaurants and businesses. We are glad that you are here and hope that you will have fun for the day and make memories for a lifetime. Sincerely, Troy D. Marshall MAJOR, Site Director, Virginia Museum of the Civil War
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Adler’s Dry Goods General Mercantile The Blacksmith Blacksmith & Wood Haycock Wood Company Wood Furniture, Toys, Dolls Heirloom Emporium General Mercantile & Clothing Needs John Zaharias Sutler Specializing in Antique Buttons Otts Sutlery Women & Children’s Items Quartermaster Shop Military and Civilian Items Ragged Soldier Sutlery Civilian & Toy Items Regimental Quartermaster Military Goods S & S Sutlery of Gettysburg Military & Civilian Items Timeless Colors Civil War Flags Virginia Museum of the Civil War’s Museum Store Apparel, Books, Souvenirs
We Thank Our Food Vendors
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SONS OF VETERANS FOR THE NEEDY • NEW MARKET, VA Hamburger...............................................$3.50 Cheeseburger ...........................................$3.75 Hot Dog ....................................................$2.00 Chili Dog ..................................................$2.50 French Fries..............................................$2.00 BBQ Sandwich.........................................$4.00 Fried Bologna Sandwich ........................$3.00 Country Ham Sandwich ........................$3.50 Kielbasa ....................................................$4.00 Steak Sub ..................................................$5.00 Funnel Cakes ...........................................$4.00 Candy & Chips ........................................$1.00 All Drinks.................................................$1.00
NEW MARKET ROTARY CLUB NEW MARKET, VA Italian Sausage.........................................$3.50 Country Ham Sandwich ........................$3.50 Hot Dog ....................................................$2.00 Potato Chips.............................................$1.00 All Drinks.................................................$1.00
AUNT SUE’S LEMONADE STAUNTON, VA Large Lemonade in souvenir cup (32 oz.) .....$5.00 Large Limeade in souvenir cup (32 oz.) ........$5.00 Regular Lemonade (16 oz.) .........................$3.00 Regular Limeade (16 oz.) ...........................$3.00 Bottle of Water ..........................................$1.00
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
The Northern Virginia Daily
May 13-15, 2016
page 5
Frequently Asked Questions There are also living history presentations at the farm, a guided tour of the Tickets are available at the Park In the 19th century civilians called battlefield and an artillery demonstraentrance gate. Adult: $10.00 for ages 10 Sutlers followed the armies to sell tion on Saturday. On Sunday there will and over per day. Ages 9 and under items not available from the governbe a period church service in the large free! The Park gate will open to the ment, such as pen and paper, sweet public at 8:00 a.m. with the camps treats, tobacco, patent medicines, read- activities tent near the sutler area. opening at 10:00 a.m. ing materials, buttons, and even body Don’t forget to visit the camps and interact with reenactors before the batarmor. This tradition continues today tle each day. Camps are closed to the at reenactments nationwide. Where is the best place to public during and immediately followview the battle? ing the reenactment. What do we do if it rains? The battle is narrated over a PA system in front of the Field of Lost Shoes, just In over 40 years of hosting the reenact- Is there a lot of walking involved? north of the Bushong Farm. This is the ment we have only cancelled the event A moderate amount of walking is a few times, and those cancellations largest gathering area for spectators, required from the designated parking took place after very heavy rains although some people “follow” the soldiers as they move from the south- threatened the safety of the horses and lot to the sutler area, concessions, the ern section of the Park to the climax of riders. The reenactment is held rain or farm, camps, and to the museum. Comfortable shoes are recommended. the battle at the northern end. You may shine. Tickets are non-refundable. We have special handicap parking wish to bring binoculars or a telephoto available next to the spectator area for lens to see the action close up. Clothing those with placards or special license We suggest wearing light clothing for plates. Are there food vendors? the weather at New Market that day. Yes, food is available from several local Hats, sunscreen, comfortable shoes would be appropriate. non-profit organizations.
Where can I purchase tickets?
Can I bring a picnic lunch? Yes, and feel free to bring a lawn chair or blanket to sit on. In the interest of public safety coolers are not allowed outside of the parking area.
Can I bring a backpack? In the interest of public safety, no backpacks will be allowed outside of the parking area.
What is a Sutler?
Yes. Please let the front gate staff and parking attendants know that you require handicapped parking.
Can I bring my pet? No pets are permitted on the park grounds, in parking areas, or in vehicles (attended or unattended) with the exception of service animals and registered cavalry horses.
Lost and Found Lost items will be kept at the front desk of the museum.
Code Adam Lost children will be taken to the Sheriff’s Department mobile command center near the food vendors.
Are there activities before and after the battles? Yes, your ticket includes admission to the Virginia Museum of the Civil War. In the Museum you can view the Emmy-award winning film, Field of Lost Shoes, the exhibits on the Battle of New Market, and the Virginia Room, which follows the story of the war in Virginia.
Homemade Fudge • Jams & Pie Fillings Bulk Foods • Cheeses • Candies Kitchenwares • Country-Style Cafe Gifts • Books • Crafts • Fabrics Western • Garden Center • Civil War Toys • Antiques • Storage Buildings Plants and Produce (in season) & So Much More!!!
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May 13-15, 2016
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
The Northern Virginia Daily
The Battle of New Market Reenactment - The Tradition Continues Staunton, Va., May 10, 1864 Maj. Gen. F. H. Smith, Supt. VMI: Sigel is moving up the Valley--was at Strasburg last night. I cannot tell you whether this is his destination. I would be glad to have your assistance at once with the cadets and the section of artillery. Bring all the forage and rations you can . . . Yours respectfully, John C. Breckinridge, Major General ith these few words the Virginia Military Institute and the Battle of New Market are irrevocably linked. That spring of 1864 the stakes were higher than they had ever been and so were the expectations; not like previous years when the classroom monotony was occasionally broken up by an up-country march after Union cavalry. But still youthful bravado reigned supreme at V.M.I. and many saw the barracks as their prison. Major General Breckinridge required their battalion to bolster his understrength force of only about 5,000 men. His opponent, Major General Franz Sigel, and his seemingly limitless force of almost 9,000 men was heading south- up the valley.
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The cadets joined Breckinridge’s army in Staunton, where seasoned veterans greeted the school boys with jeers and suspicion while the young ladies of the local female Seminary greeted them with smiles and a grand ball. Cadets danced on tired and blistered feet, little thinking that battle and death loomed only a few days in their future. In the early morning hours of May 15, 1864, Colonel Scott Shipp’s battalion of cadets lumbered groggily towards the small hamlet of New Market. Here they waited an eternity until the sun was high overhead and they finally received orders to advance against the Union line in front of them. Though undoubtedly the best drilled troops on the field, only a few cadets had experienced real combat—“seen the elephant” as the veterans called it. The average age among of the Corps was 18 years; the youngest was barely 15 years old. The severity of battle is no respecter of persons. By mid-afternoon the battalion could see the Union line on Bushong’s Hill. General Sigel attempted to capitalize on a break in the Confederate line by moving his troops forward. His infantry attack was repulsed when the break was filled by the VMI Cadet Corps and other reserve units. Now the entire Confederate
line stormed across a rain-soaked wheat field—the Field of Lost Shoes. The cadets wrestled a cannon away from Von Kleiser’s Battery B, 30th NY after a brief but decisive period of close quarter fighting. By end of the day the battalion had suffered 47 wounded out of 257, with five dying and five more succumbing to their wounds later on. New Market’s battle was not large when compared to Gettysburg or Shiloh but nonetheless it was important and inspirational. One of the most fitting memorials of the cadet charge came from Captain Franklin Town, a Union veteran of the battle. As a military spectacle it was most beautiful, and as a deed of war it was most grand. When such young men fall in a cause in which they believe, whether it is intrinsically right or wrong, one may realize the sadness of cutting off a life so full of promise, yet all—those who approved and those who opposed the cause they died for—will accord them the tribute of sincere respect and admiration. I don’t believe the history of war contains the record of a deed more chivalrous, more daring, or more honorable, than the charge of these boys to a victory which veterans might well boast. Virginia scholar Douglas Southall Freeman concluded, “Seldom did a small victory have so large an effect. Had not Sigel been driven back when he was, the Valley of Virginia might have been occupied by the Federals before the wheat crop was harvested…Short as was the time saved by the Battle of New Market, it was invaluable.” Members of the Cadet Battalion went on to serve on other fields until the smoke finally cleared and scars of battle were hidden by time, leaving only legacy and memory. The Cadet Cemetery at VMI carefully preserved the final resting place of five of the 10 fallen cadets until a more fitting monument could be made. Remarkably this memorial was made by one of their own-a veteran of New Market, Cadet Moses J. Ezekiel. Ezekiel created “Virginia Mourning Her Dead” in 1904 with its mournful figure of Virginia standing a somber guard over the cadet remains.
1923
is variously estimated at from 6,000 to 8,000 people. They came from all parts of the country-on the trains, in vehicles, on foot, horseback, and in automobilesprobably 400 or 500 automobiles motored in…”
VMI brought 327 cadets under the leadership of Commandant COL Jennings C. Wise, son of deceased New Market Cadet John S. Wise. He led them in stages from the town center up to Bushong’s Farm, pausing only when explanation of the action required it. Spectators also followed but at a respectful distance. A Shenandoah Valley newspaperman remembered, “As the cadet corps marched over the field of battle… crowds viewed the spectacular parade from the rear end of the dwellings, lots, fields and Valley Turnpike to the east.”
What was not soon forgotten was the recreation of the cadet charge when Col Wise ordered his line to halt, kneel and fire two volleys towards the now vacant Union line. His orders were heard a good distance away-“Fix Bayonets! Charge! Double-Time! March”, and up the hill they went as their gray clad forbearers once did.
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On May 15, 1914 VMI, Virginia and the nation commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the battle with a day-long slate of events at New Market, including VMI’s first reenactment of the battle.
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Ceremonies, speeches, and a public parade ended a once in a lifetime day for thousands including 27 New Market Cadets-witnesses to the action a half century ago. This would not be the last day when crowds descended on the town and the air was rent once again with the crack of the rifle. On September 20, 1923, Brig.-Gen Smedley Butler brought 3500 United States Marines to New Market for the first modern reenactment on the battlefield. The Marines stood in for General Sigel’s Union troops and the VMI Cadets reprised the role of their forbearers on May 15, 1864. According to a souvenir postcard the crowds were estimated at over 100,000 and the number of automobiles had also increased exponentially. This too would be a once in a lifetime event remembering the valor of VMI’s youthful cadets and the soldiery blue and gray. The guns fell silent at New Market for 41 years until another commemoration approached. In 1961 Virginia and the nation remembered the start of the American Civil War with films, programs and reenactments, but these were not the reenactments of almost a half-century ago. Participants prided themselves on their realistic dress, weaponry and attention to detail on the field. On May 15, 1964, reenactors and spectators once again arrived on the old field to see and learn about the Battle of New Market. The Centennial reenactment was a modest event by today’s standards; it shows nonetheless that interest in reenactments has never really gone away at New Market. Over the next fifty years the site contin-
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
page 7
1964
ued to host an annual reenactment on the grounds with hundreds of reenactors claiming New Market as their first event in the hobby-their trial by fire. Now fast forward to the year 2014, the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of New Market. The Virginia Military Institute marked the anniversary with one of the biggest and most solemn events of the year-the New Market Day Ceremony. The cadets in their parade finest passed in the review and later placed a wreath over six of the fallen cadets buried on post. Each name is spoken followed by an echo, “Died on the Field of Honor”. On May 16-18, the park held a commemorative reenactment on the same ground that was used in 1914. The events were well attended each day and the weather was almost identical to that of the battle those many years ago. Troops waded through several feet of water that weekend to the resounding cheers of watching spectators. This year marks the 152nd Anniversary and VMI and its Virginia Museum of the Civil War are well positioned to tell this important story to a new generation of cadets, history enthusiasts, reenactors and spectators alike. The park begins the event by offering a guided tour of the battlefield from 2:00-4:00 on May 13th, with the reenactment proper running from Saturday the 14th –Sunday the 15th; the same dates as the original battle. For more information contact the Virginia Museum of the Civil War at 866.515.1864 toll free or visit our website at www.vmi.edu/ newmarket. Join us and have fun for the day and make memories for a lifetime.
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The Northern Virginia Daily
page 8
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
The Northern Virginia Daily
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BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
The Northern Virginia Daily
May 13-15, 2016
page 9
An Inaugural Event Sponsored Rotary Club of New Market
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BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
VMI in the Civil War
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April, 1861 The Corps was sent to Richmond, where cadets drilled Confederate army recruits. The commanding officer during this trip was Major Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson, who had joined VMI’s faculty in 1851 as professor of natural and experimental philosophy and instructor of artillery. Jackson accepted a commission and left for active duty soon after the Corps arrived in Richmond.
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May, 1862 The Corps was ordered to aid General Jackson’s forces during the McDowell campaign. The cadets, commanded by Scott Shipp, marched in pursuit of Federal troops but were not engaged in battle.
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August-December, 1863 The Corps was called into the field to defend against the raids of General William Averell, but was not engaged in battle. 263902
May 15, 1864 The Corps, again under the command
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of Scott Shipp, marched into battle along with General John C. Breckinridge’s forces against Federal troops led by General Franz Sigel. Ten cadets were mortally wounded in the Battle of New Market.
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June 11, 1864 Federal troops, under the command of General David Hunter, entered Lexington. The Corps retreated to a camp in the Blue Ridge near Balcony Falls. VMI was burned the next day by Hunter’s soldiers. On June 25 the Corps returned to Lexington, only to be furloughed two days later.
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disbanded. The Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox.
October, 1865 VMI reopened in Lexington.
VMI Cadets
Source : The Battle of New Market by Dr. Joseph W. A. Whitehorne
n 1839 the Virginia legislature approved replacing the guard company at the Lexington Arsenal with a military school. The school was intended to provide a source of competent militia officers, engineers, and teachers. It proved to be the states greatest source of officers in 1861; of sixty-four regiments raised that year, twenty-two were commanded by VMI graduates. Of 1,902 VMI matriculates from 1839 to 1865, 1,781 served in the Confederate Army. In April 1861 the Corps of Cadets, 200 strong, performed training duties in Richmond. The school resumed "normal" operations in January 1862 with 269 cadets. The corps was called out as reserve in April and May 1862 during Jackson's McDowell Campaign and took to the field three times in 1863 to support resistance against Federal cavalry raids in southwest Virginia. Following New Market, the corps was ordered to Richmond, where it served briefly in the city's defenses. It returned to Lexington in June to resist Hunter's advance, but could do little to prevent the Federal burning of Institute facilities. The corps was furloughed from July to October, when it was reassembled at Richmond where it served again periodically in the city defenses. It was disbanded on 2 April 1865 on the eve of the evacuation of Richmond. The Institute reopened at Lexington in October 1865. VMI Casualties
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Killed in Action: Cabell, William H. Crockett, Charles G. Jones, Henry J. McDowell, William H. Stanard, Jaqueline B. Died of Wounds: Atwill, Samuel A., 20 Jul 64 Hartsfield, Alva C., 26 Jun 64 Haynes, Luther C., c. 15 Jun 64 Jefferson, Thomas G., 18 May 64 Wheelwright, Joseph C., 2 Jun 64 Wounded in Action: Akers, Reuben C. Berkeley, Edmund, Jr. Bradford, John F. Buster, William D.* Christian, Edward D. Cocke, John P. Corling, Charles T. Darden, James D. Dickinsen, Jesse I. Dillard, William, Jr. Garnett, Griffin T. Garrow, Harris W. Gibson, Franklin G. Goodwin, James H. Harris, Willis O. Harrison, Carter H. Hill, Archibald G. Howard, John C. Imboden, Jacob P. Johnson, Porter
Jones, Walter S. Macon, George K. Marshall, Martin Mead, Henry J. Merritt, James L. Moorman, Edwin S. Pendleton, Robert A. Phillips, Samuel T. Pizzini, Andrew, Jr. Preston, James B. Randolph, Charles C. Read, Charles H. Shipp, Scott Shriver, Samuel S. Smith, Charles H. Smith, Edward H. Smith, Francis L. Spiller, George Stuart, John A. Triplett, John R. Upshur, John N. Walker, Charles D. Walter, Charles P. Watson, William P. White, Thomas W. Whitehead, Henry C. Wise, John S. Wise, Louis C. Woodlief, Pierre W., Jr. Wyatt, John W. * Died of typhoid April 1865 with corps at Richmond.
BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
The Northern Virginia Daily
May 13-15, 2016
page 11
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BATTLE OF NEW MARKET 152ND ANNIVERSARY
May 13-15, 2016
The Northern Virginia Daily
The Virginia Museum of the Civil War and New Market Battlefield State Historical Park
rifice and a gentle sweeping ramp indicative of the motion of the cadet’s charge up Bushong’s Hill. The Virginia Museum of the Civil War was among the top 100 structures identified as Virginia’s Favorite Architecture in 2013.
ocated in Virginia’s historic and beautiful Shenandoah Valley, the Virginia Museum of the Civil War and New Market Battlefield State Historical Park tell the story of the Civil War in Virginia and one of the last major southern victories in the “Breadbasket of the Confederacy.”
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The museum features colorful dioramas and compelling artifacts from the Battle of New Market which raged just outside of the building. In the theater, visitors can see the Emmy Award winning docudrama, Field of Lost Shoes on the top of each hour.
On May 15, 1864, Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge defeated a larger Union army under the command of Maj. Gen Franz Sigel on Bushong’s farm near the town of New Market. Breckinridge’s army included 257 Cadets from the Virginia Military Institute, facing their baptism of fire. Never before, or since has an entire college student body been called from their classrooms into pitched battle. The Cadets lost ten of their number killed and 47 wounded that day.
War Museum. The Hall of Valor was one of the first museums in the Commonwealth to be accredited by the American Association of Museums. In 2010 the museum changed its name to Virginia Museum of the Civil War to reflect its singularity as Virginia’s only state-owned Civil War museum.
Established by V.M.I. in 1967 by the philanthropy of Mr. George R. Collins, V.M.I. Class of 1911, the New Market Battlefield State Historical Park became a National Historic Landmark, comprising nearly 300 acres of the core battleground, the historic Bushong Farm and Hall of Valor Civil
The building itself was designed as a monument to all valor in the battle but particularly that of the V.M.I. cadets, the youngest combatant only 15 years old. The brown metal rotunda is reflective of a drum with stacked bayoneted rifles. Inside the museum is an expansive red carpet depicting sac-
One of the most popular and admired exhibits in the museum is a 28-foot-long stained glass window, created by Israeliborn artist Ami Shamir. The window was the brainchild of Robert Blood, who designed the Hall of Valor exhibits for its opening in 1970.
Artist Ami Shamir included such elements as flowing lines to suggest the Shenandoah Valley and the river of the same name, and flags and seals of Virginia Military Institute, the Confederacy, and the Union, to portray the conflict at New Market. The names of the ten cadets who were killed or mortally wounded in the battle are inscribed as the central feature.
Our Sister Museums The VMI Museum, located on the campus of Virginia Military Institute, tells the history of the nation’s first state sponsored military college. The museum is home to many personal artifacts of famous alumni and faculty including General George Patton, Admiral Richard Byrd and Stonewall Jackson. Over 400 pieces of the world-famous Henry Stewart Antique Firearms Collection explores the evolution of 19th century firearms. The VMI Museum, Jackson Memorial Hall, VMI Post, Lexington, VA; vmi.edu/museum; 540.464.7334
Thomas Jackson arrived in Lexington in 1851 to teach Natural Philosophy and Artillery Tactics at VMI. Originally built around 1800, Thomas and his wife Anna purchased the house in 1858. The Stonewall Jackson House reveals the family man who became known around the world as General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. Explore the gardens he loved at the only home he ever owned. The Stonewall Jackson House 8 East Washington St. Lexington, VA stonewalljackson.org