Case studies of New Design in Old Setting, Sydney, Australia

ARCH 9075_ New Design in Old Settings Assessment 02 _Portfolio _Case Study Projects

Name: Nuzhat Nabila Student ID: 480065366

The University of Sydney Architecture, Design and Planning Semester 01, 2018 30 May 2018 Unit Coordinator: Vicki Leibowitz Tutors: Matthew Devine and Olivia Moore

INTRODUCTION When a building’s original form or func�on becomes inadequate or redundant, altering it or adop�ng it in a contemporary way is the best approach to conserve it for future genera�on. These new designs require being sympathe�c to the character of the old se�ngs enhancing their cultural significance. A mixture of residen�al, commercial, light industrial and public building- the varia�on of project types was a major considera�on to select case studies for this por�olio in order to understand how different contemporary interven�ons react in different old se�ngs. While some of the examples are well known historical buildings, others are observed and chosen for their eye-catching ‘old and new’ rela�onship from eminent streets of Sydney. A consistency of graphical representa�on has been maintained where the red lines indicate the new design and black lines represent the old se�ng in general. Most of the projects were selected because of their tac�ul and crea�ve solu�ons in historical context. However, the success of these projects has been evaluated and probable recommenda�ons have been proposed to a small extent in some cases.

CONTENTS TYPES OF PROJECTS

OLD SETTING

NEW DESIGN

00. INTRODUCTION

PAGE NUMBER 01

01. Roo�op Addi�on and Redevelopment

Church hall

Apartment building

02

02. Conversion and Adap�ve Re-use

The Majes�c Theatre

Residen�al apartment with commercial ground floor

03-04

03. Conversion

Coining Factory, The Mint

Caroline Simpson Library and Research Collec�on

05

04. Addi�on, Refurbishment and Conversion

Police Sta�on

Restaurant

06

05. Re-construc�on and Conversion

Industrial Tinshed

Office cum Studio Apartment

07

06. Modern Infill

Residen�al with commercial ground

Residen�al with commercial ground

08

CONCLUSION and REFERENCES ARCH 9075_PORTFOLIO_480065366

09 PAGE 01

CASE STUDY O1 : Roo�op Addi�on and Redevelopment of a Historic Church Hall into Apartment 47-49 Buckingham Street, Surry Hills NSW

This building is located within the cross sec�on of Buckingham street and Badford street in Surry Hills Suburb, NSW. Formerly it was a Presbyterian Church hall built in 1912. In 2006, the historic church hall was redeveloped into apartment building in the Landmark Kirk building.

This building is facing towards Prince Alfred Park and is located in the Cleveland Gardens Heritage Conserva�on Area.

Legends :

Grilled Roof

New Old

Grey coloured Cement rendering

The roof resembles the design of the grills in the window in the ground floor

Contemporary glass railing

White coloured Cement rendering

Plain Contemporary Eleva�on

Openings -smaller in scale and plain unlike densely grilled ground floor

Extruded eleva�on

Remnant of Church Architecture Exposed red brick in the old church facade Extrusion character while the new eleva�on is plain Densely grilled large scaled openings

Figure 02 : Materials and Propor�on analysis between the old ground floor and new addi�on upper floors

Figure 01: Three stories were added on top of the main church building. While the historic part was built with exposed brick, the newer addi�on is constructed with painted brick with cement rendering. Thus, Grey and white two colours have been added to the structure with exis�ng red brick texture. (Belle Property Australasia, 2018) The original ground floor is lo�y and has much higher height than modern addi�on. The upper floors are low in height but the massing of the 1st and 2nd floor express an idea of lo�iness style manipula�on massing.

False Window impression Figure 06 : Facing towards the church by pain�ng to match the scale of ground floor openings

Figure 03 : New and old openings scale The character of ver�cality of the openings is maintained in the new addi�on. The new openings are not high like the old one but with the pain�ng, they portray the false impression of lo�iness and compliment the old ones on the Figure 05 : Rela�onship Figure 04 : between old and new Old Decora�ve ground floor. openings window The adjutant structures are terrace houses. Though the new addi�on depicts a huge contrast in forms because of its massive scale with the neighbourhood which makes this house a li�le bit out of context in its surrounding, the whole colour composi�on and detailing similar to the terrace houses which blends with the surrounding puts it back in context.

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Figure 07 : Church architecture on opposite eleva�on On Chalmers Lane, the Contemporary facade of the house is facing towards the adjutant Church (Figure 06). Ironically on the opposite eleva�on on Buckingham Street the remaining old structure resemblances the church architecture from the original church (Figure 07). An interpreta�on of this character on both sides might bring a con�nuous character in the context.

Manipula�on of floor height in massing

The materials clearly express the Original difference between the old and the Lo�y new. The rectangular forms of massing Ground floor and openings are maintained in both new and the old.

Figure 08 : Impression of lo�y mass The roof design resembles the design of the grills in the window on the ground floor (Figure 02). Moreover, the roof structure followed the terrace house structure (Figure 09 & 10).

Figure 09 : Rela�onship with the neigh- Figure 10 : Roof Design bourhood References:

Belle Property Australasia. (2018). 4/47 Buckingham Street, Surry Hills NSW 2010. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.belleproperty.com/lis�ngs/522894/447-buckingham-street-surry-hills-nsw-2010/ [Accessed 28 May 2018].

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CASE STUDY O2 : Conversion and Adap�ve Re-use of the The Majes�c Theatre, Petersham 49A New Canterbury Rd, Petersham NSW 2049

Appointed by Marrickville Council, Hill Thalis Architecture converted the disused 1921 theatre area of 1225.0 sq. into 27 apartments plus retail spaces to avoid vandalism or any accidents in this significant heritage space. The proposal interprets the historic internal volumes with two generous voids, occupied by residen�al circula�on areas and semioutdoor gardens to achieve appropriate access to sunlight, light and ven�la�on for the apartments. (ArchDaily).

The new works retain the exis�ng building volume, roof profile and perimeter walls. The interes�ng free-style classiAdap�ve Re-use chronology of The Site: cal/deco facade is conserved – entry doors, �les, signs and all.

1912: This site of the Queens Theatre 1921: Queens Theatre demolished and Majes�c Theatre constructed 1953: More contemporary cinema ; turned into ART DECO by noted cinema architect Guy Crick 1979: Majes�c Roller Ska�ng Rink 2003: Rink closed a�er part of the ceiling plasterwork fell down.

2011-2012: The former cinema was converted into 3 levels of residen�al apartments of 27 units, a mix of one- and two bedroom apartments with commercial/ retail ground floor including street fron�ng cafe and above, 2015-2016: Majes�c Harvest restaurant and market at ground floor, Harvest Bar at upstairs 2017: Ground floor -Palacio Restaurant with other retail shops Figure 04 : Old and New in West Eleva�on

Source: Drawn on Arch Daily Image

Source:Wikiwand

Figure 02: The Old Openings

Source:Author

Source: NewtownFlicks, 2012

Figure 01 : Transforma�on from old Roller Ska�ng Club to Residen�al apartments

See Figure 02 and 03

Source: Screenshot (NewtownFlicks, 2012)

Source: Author

Figure 08: Transforma�on of Eleva�on from solid to glazing

Source: NewtownFlicks, 2012 Figure 06 : Figure 05: The Paint has been removed C o n t e m p o r a r y from the old facade exposing the original Glazing brick. The ramp and stairs have been re Source:Author -established in the same place.

Source:Author

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The building trusses which holds a magnificent cra�smanship was never revealed.

A�er building in 1921, they were boxed (Figure 10). The apartment grid was moved so that instead of being on the line of the truss, it was slightly to the side so that each truss could be within a unit revealFigure 07: The rela�onship between the old ing the enormous piece of the and new window. The Old decora�ve one is beau�ful assembly of iron and kept inside and visible from the interior. �mber.

The footpath is owned by the site (Hill Thalis Architecture), so balconies could be built to the face of the lane which makes the facade much more three dimensional. The new large scale openings for verandas of two-stories height are in the posi�on of the original openings (figure 02 and 03) in the facade reinterpre�ng the logic and increase the scale.

Figure 03: Series of mesh-enclosed miradors facing west, galvanised mesh stain in pack and stack” approach.

Source: Arch Daily

Figure 09: Painted sign on the corrugated cladding to the rear, which has been cleverly modified to become sliding window screens. Source:Author

Figure 10: Usage of original �mber and steel Truss for the apartment block Source:Screenshot from Video (NewtownFlicks, 2012) PAGE 03

Hand wri�en signboard moved from the original club (Figure 18)

Legends :

New Old

Source: Video Screenshot (NewtownFlicks, 2012)

Source: Author

Figure 13 : The Ground Floor conversion from Rolling Ska�ng club 1979 to Palacio Restaurant 2017 conserving the original steel stairs

Figure 11 : Old Eleva�on from Canterbury Rd Figure 14 : New Signage symbolising Figure 15 : Contemporary glazing Figure 16 : Incorpora�ng theatre Source: Author installed in front Source: Author components with new interior Cinema Hand wri�en signboard moved from the original club

Figure 17 : Salvaged sign of Roller Ska�ng

Source: Hill ThalisArchitecture

(Figure 15)

(Figure 14)

Figure 12 : Present Eleva�on from Canterbury Rd

original scarred existing entry to the apartment (Figure Same Entry to 2017 timber fire exit 19) Palacio Restaurant doors

Red painted steam radiators line the atrium walls

Figure 18 : Movable Heritage-ar�facts of the in common area

Source: Author

Source: NewtownFlicks, 2012

Elements of the original cinema and the roller rink, which Thalis calls “trophies,” are reused throughout the common areas of the building. The entry lobby is garnished by the salvaged sign that reads “Roller Ska�ng,”(Figure 17) while red-painted steam radiators line the atrium walls with a fascina�ng handwri�en signboard(Figure 18). These items of “movable heritage” have been carefully placed and conserved, and at a low cost provide not only a lively series of “artworks,”(Figure 19) but also beau�fully interpret the history of the building. (Source: Hill ThalisArchitecture) The original fire escape is above and people sense the airiness of the big volume of the cinema theatre while approaching.

One of the striking accomplishments of the project is the way the original brickwork, steel, plaster and �mber are celebrated and contrasted with the new familiar elements – plasterboard and painted render, drama�sed with well-detailed galvanised steel mesh and balustrades. The other achievement is the way the tall, sunlit volumes in the interior, garnished with the “trophies” remaining from the original Majes�c, are able to recall the much grander spaces of the original cinema (ArchitetureAU) To match the big volume of the theatre and character of the grandness of the cinema, and to enter light and air, the large openings played a great role. But in the ground floor, the vast ground floor space is divided into li�le private boxes which lacks the grandness of Roller ska�ng rinks.

It could be transformed into a public performance space rather than apartment building so that people can access this historical building. But on the other hand, A few of the major Golden Age cinemas in the ci�es have survived intact, either as live theatre conversions or as mul�-use performance spaces, but in the suburbs, such uses are not viable. Therefore, it can be said the place is being u�lised and conserving the significance as good as possible in this area.

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Figure 19 : Entry lobby garnished with trophies

References: NewtownFlicks. “The New Majes�c (Short Version).” YouTube, YouTube, 5 Sept. 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zgnlswRWcM&feature=youtu.be.

“Petersham, New South Wales.” Wikiwand, www.wikiwand.com/en/Petersham,_New_South_Wales.

“Majes�c Theatre Apartments / Hill Thalis Architecture.” ArchDaily, 9 Sept. 2012, www.archdaily.com/269294/majes�c-theatre-apartments-hill-thalis-architecture.

Venter, Gary. “The Majes�c Theatre - Apartments.” Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects Pty Ltd, www.hillthalis.com.au/projects/the-majes�c-theatre-apartments.

“The Majes�c.” ArchitectureAU, architectureau.com/ar�cles/the-majes�c/#img=11.

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CASE STUDY O3 : Conversion of the Coining Factory to Caroline Simpson Library and Research Collec�on, THE MINT The Mint, 10 Macquarie St, Sydney NSW 2000 The building was the principal wing of the Coining Factory, constructed in 1854-55 containing the major processing machinery of the Mint (Figure 12 & 13). Behind the two-story Superintendent’s Office, the coining factory was separated by a �mber and glass par��on. Although this par��on has destroyed, much of the original fabric of the building survives �ll today. Most significant of them are the prefabricated cast-iron columns and girders that support the structure over two levels (Figure 02 & 04). The form and decora�on of these elements are historically significant as it is directly connected to the Crystal Palace building of the Great Exhibi�on London 1851 and they represent a rare and remarkable example of Victorian technology (signage, The Mint). The Original painted decora�ve scheme for the columns and girders has been reinstated within the sandstone building introducing contemporary glazing, wood and steel structure for re-purposing the interior for the new func�on as a library and research collec�on(Figure 05,06).

The usage of Wooden Louvers in the newly built Func�on Space (Former Gold Mel�ng Room) and the original sandstone building (Used as the office) play a homogeneous character in the complex.

Coining Department

Figure 11 : Block Plan of the MINT,1854 Source: NSW Government State Archives and Records

Figure 02: The Old stage of coining room, the exis�ng truss and girders The newly built display area for machinery and remains of the furnaces, sha�s for the mills are made of contemporary glass and steel which is contrasted to the whole complex. are visible.

Figure 03: Co-rela�on of old and new buildings at Present Mint Complex; (Source : Author) Source: Signage, The Mint New Wooden louvered facade

Figure 05: New glazing and railings installed with the old Figure 06: Black painted steel in Figure 07: Entry through the newly constructed glass door structural elements old sandstone background Figure 08 & 09 : New roof extension of glass and steel over the old sandstone structure-integra�on of sustainable environmental design into sensi�ve heritage sites.

Source:Author

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Source: NSW Government State Archives and Records

Modern Glass door at entry connec�ng the old and the new

Figure 01: Rela�onship between the old and new materials in the Entrance area into the foyer

Figure 04: The Conserved Old prefabricated cast-iron columns and girders

Figure 12 :Old Ground Floor Plan of the MINT,1854

Old Sandstone facade Figure 10 : New Office corridor between the old sandstone walls

Func�onally this Library and Research Collec�on is enhancing the cultural significance of this heritage place as it provides a significant new resource centre for the public and new work environments for the staff. The physical fabric of the sandstone and the structural element is retained and the contemporary elements are inserted tac�ully in minor scale upholding the spirit of the place. The colour and the scale of the grid of the wooden wall is well propor�onate to the adjutant sandstone wall. The integra�on and interpreta�on of archaeological remains with layering contemporary architecture make this project a successful one.

Figure 13: New Ground Floor Plan of the MINT,2017 showing the transforma�on Source:Visitor Museum

Guide,

Sydney

Living

References: NSW Government State Archives and Records. (n.d.). Plans of public buildings. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.records.nsw.gov.au/series/4335?�tle=&field_date_value[value]&page=3 [Accessed 1 May 2018].

Visitor Guide, Sydney Living Museum.

Signage, The Mint.

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Conversion of The Former Rocks Police Sta�on into a Restaurant

CASE STUDY O4 : Addi�on, Refurbishment and Conversion The Rocks, Sydney, NSW 2013

New brass handrails approaching the imposing por�co steps which extend slightly into the public domain signifying a new accessibility

Nurse’s Walk

George Street

Australian studio Welsh+ Major has converted the 1880s Palladian-style police station in the historic area of the Rocks into a restaurant (Griffiths, 2014).

Surgeon Court

Figure 02: The New addi�on marked in red dot in the site plan Figure 01: The single-story brick structure on the back side on Nurses Walk is adapted to The new renovate it as a restaurant. (Source : Author) block of entrance squeezed between the old brick walls

(Source : domus,2014)

Legends :

New Old

Figure 03: The two-story neoclassical sandstone facade is left respectfully in its original state on George Street ;(Source : Author)

D forining me in ra rea

en

ch Kit try En

Griffiths, A. (2014). Welsh + Major transforms old Sydney police sta�on into a restaurant. [online] Dezeen. Available at: h�ps://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/17/the-rocks-restaurant-old-police-sta�on-converted-into-a-restaurant-welsh-major-sydney/ [Accessed 8 May 2018].

Domus. (2014). The former Rocks Police Sta�on. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2014/11/13/the_former_rocks_police_sta�on.html [Accessed 8 May 2018].

Clubman, M. (2014). Rocks Police Sta�on / Welsh+Major. [online] Archdaily. Available at: h�ps://www.archdaily.com/528792/rocks-police-sta�on-welsh-major [Accessed 8 May 2018].

w Ne

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References:

ed rea nd A te ng Ex ini D

ry

lle

Ga

Figure 08 : The new Louvered shielding Entrance of steel blades is projec�ng beyond the old brick walls which recalls the ver�cal lines of prison bars.

t ran tau Res

(Background Image source: Kathrine Lu, Archdaily)

The open restaurant The new concrete stairs area Pa�o with brass railings Figure 05: The new glazed entrance and the newly established steel staircase provide access to a raised Figure 06: The full height glazed extension projec�ng beyond the origipa�o. This addi�on enhances the func�onality of nal brick walls look out onto pedestrianised street “Nurses Walk” at the new use and openness and emphasises physical rear of the site. The robust raw black painted steel structure with the access to the building. The inser�on, propor�on and full height glazing complements the unrendered brick walls ac�va�ng placement of this block and outdoor areas are adjacent public space. The new block is dis�nguished for its contemporary architectural style buy the scale is complemen�ng the old. complementary to the old se�ng. (Source: Author) The renova�on celebrates the quali�es of the original building and breathes liveliness into the adjacent public domain of Nurse’s Walks. The contemporary elements Steel, brass and glass have a quality of complemen�ng material and detailing to highlight and sit lightly against the exis�ng building fabric. The materials and design interpreta�on reflect the former prison’s design elements but from the main road of George Street, one cannot get any idea about this modern innova�on.

The front and the rear do not complement each other wisely. The new addi�on engages the Nurse’s Walk frontage with painted steel and glass but far away from the original sandstone frontage.

o Pa�

Figure 04: Prison's original features such as metal door cell doors and window-door grills have been preserved in internal spaces with new glass and wooden doors. Metal and Glass roof have been blended in with old Brick Walls.

Figure 07: The previous exercise yard compressed between the prison and a neighbouring building is converted into a galley kitchen wing, serving the new dining rooms in the former holding cells, charge rooms, muster room and offices and thus u�lising the space func�onally(Griffiths, 2014).(Background Image source: Kathrine Lu, Archdaily) PAGE 06

CASE STUDY O5 : Re-construc�on and Conversion Marrio� St, Redfern, Sydney, NSW 2016 The Old

The New

(Source-ArchDaily, 2013)

(Source-Author)

Figure 01: Opening up the once windowless �n shed with corten steel window boxes re-purposing it to an apartment-office The concave corner altered the original propor�on Architect : Raffaello Rosselli ; Conversion Year : 2011 of rectangular form allowing a larger floor area The once windowless, narrow double storey �ns hed is located prominently on a corner at the rear of a residen�al lot in Redfern.

Old steel with old The original crumbled �n shed was disassembled and set aside as �mber frame it was structurally unsound. A new modern �mber frame was erected and the original rusty Corrugated iron was resembled Contrast fibre cement panels in a�er repair on three east-north-south facades (Figure 01) (Archnew west facade which Daily, 2013). The west facade which is in the inner side is portrays a clear dis�ncNew steel with constructed of contemporary material of joint fibre cement �on between the old new �mber panels ( Figure 07), while the interior is manufactured of plywood and new frame floors and smooth cement finish and joinery ( Figure 06). Thus, Figure 03: Angular door in the east facade though with a contemporary interior and even it is reconstructed, emphasising the entry to 2nd floor office (Source-Author) it looks mostly unchanged from the outside.

Figure 04: New Steel grill over the corten framed window represents the industrial look.

Figure 05: The �n shed with its new addi�on compliments the colour pale�e, scale and propor�ons from surrounding; (Source: Author)

It was a humble approach to convert this �nshed into a studio apartment cum office as it is a predominantly residen�al street. Conserving the original fabric was a good judgment as it is the last remaining of its kind of iconic �n shed structure of Redfern suburb as a remnant of its unique industrial past (ArchDaily, 2013). The materials, geometry, the scale of the new addi�on is enhancing its architectural property and living quality while being dis�nguished from the old.

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Figure 06: Warm interior is constructed of plywood floors and clean cement finish white walls and joinery, absolutely contrasted to the Raw industrial look of the exterior(ArchDaily, 2013).

Corten steel window boxes The old decorated boundary wall has been replaced with modern plain wall and wooden entry gate for apartment

Conversion of a Tinshed to small Office and Studio apartment

The bold geometry of the new boxed windows creates a balance and sense of stability in the zigzag arbitrary facade of corrugated �n.

Figure 02: Corten window and door frames maintain the industrial feel of the �n cladding ; (Source : designboom, 2013) Legends :

New Old

Crea�ng several windows allowing ample Day light in studio and office

Corten steel window boxes Raw and cut through the rusted Same exterior and orange extend over toned the street material Old raw Corrugated Iron :Upholding the Spirit of Newly Installed Industrial Era wooden door

Figure 07 : View from the south-west road of the new re-purposed Tin shed

References: ArchDaily. (2013). Tinshed / Raffaello Rosselli. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.archdaily.com/357865/�nshed-raffaello-rosselli [Accessed 15 May 2018].

Designboom. (2013). raffaello rosselli converts an australian �nshed into office. [online] Available at: h�p://file:///E:/new%20design/Tinshed/raffaello%20rosseli%2converts%20an%20australian%20�nshed%20into%20office.html [Accessed 15 May 2018].

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CASE STUDY O6 : Modern Infill 393 Bourke Street, Surry Hills, NSW

A Commercial Infill between two Residen�al buildings

This case study portrays a Modern Infill commercial building Legends : New between two heritage listed inter-war art Deco Residen�al Flat Old buildings in the Bourke Street North Heritage Conserva�on Area. While fine details are visible in the old mul�-textured masonry facade, the contemporary cement shee�ng infill creates a hierarchy in the context.

Alluminium framed Fine larger-scaled Cement unornamented sheet windows finishing

Ceramic Decora�ve brick finish on the top Timber framed small-scaled and detailed windows

Decora�ve Pa�ern Timber framed small-scale d and detailed windows of various size

Different textured brick line

Ground floor of contemporary glazing and steel

Shiny Tiled Finish on the corner pub Figure 01 : Plain contemporary architecture between two fine-detailed Art-Deco buildings

Figure 02 : The Hierarchy in the Material and Facade Ar�cula�on

(Source - Author)

Before the interven�on, the contrast between the of scale two buildings was less prominent

The cement louvres placed in angular direc�on fabricates a hierarchy in the old se�ng where everything is on the same plane. The heights of the louvres and the full height openings creates a sense of ver�cality in the heritage context where the propor�on of solid and void was nearly equal (Figure 04).

The introduc�on of the contemporary style of pergola dis�nguishes the infill from the old.

Decora�ve roof Line Pitch Roof

Pergola Roof

Figure 04 : Propor�on of solid and void

Figure 03: In this neighbourhood, there are other high-rises of Figure 05: The new buildsimilar massive height. The new infill could have been designed ing’s facade has the style of of a transi�onal height to merge the massive height of this extrusion in eleva�on corner building. The usage of concrete and glass is harmonious similar to the old buildings. in the context. (Source - Author) The infill is a though�ul solu�on to serve the increased popula�on in an ac�ve neighbourhood.

While the contemporary materials and their scale, the alignment created a hierarchy in this conserva�on area in a harmonious way, the propor�on of the massing could have been be�er.

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The flushy allucobond panels used on both sides of the infill is a li�le out of context between the fine textures of old brick facades Figure 06: The new infill building’s facade is recessed inside from the old two eleva�ons which are acknowledging the introduc�on of the ‘new’ differing from the ‘old’.

The con�nuity of exact same height of the lower one has made the contrast of scale more dominant and the high building seems monstrous to the infill and the lower building

An Infill mass of average height can be more successful to provide an integrity of scale

Figure 07: Scale and Propor�on of the Infill PAGE 08

References: Belle Property Australasia. (2018). 4/47 Buckingham Street, Surry Hills NSW 2010. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.belleproperty.com/lis�ngs/522894/447-buckingham-street-surry-hills-nsw-2010/ [Accessed 28 May 2018].

NewtownFlicks. “The New Majes�c (Short Version).” YouTube, YouTube, 5 Sept. 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zgnlswRWcM&feature=youtu.be.

Petersham, New South Wales. Wikiwand, www.wikiwand.com/en/Petersham,_New_South_Wales.

Majes�c Theatre Apartments / Hill Thalis Architecture. ArchDaily, 9 Sept. 2012, www.archdaily.com/269294/majes�c-theatre-apartments-hill-thalis-architecture.

Venter, Gary. “The Majes�c Theatre - Apartments.” Hill Thalis Architecture + Urban Projects Pty Ltd, www.hillthalis.com.au/projects/the-majes�c-theatre-apartments.

The Majes�c. ArchitectureAU, architectureau.com/ar�cles/the-majes�c/#img=11.

NSW Government State Archives and Records. (n.d.). Plans of public buildings. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.records.nsw.gov.au/series/4335?�tle=&field_date_value[value]&page=3 [Accessed 1 May 2018].

Visitor Guide, Sydney Living Museum.

Signage, The Mint.

Conclusion It is evident from these case studies that the integra�on of authen�c contemporary architecture within sensi�ve heritage sites is a complex and challenging task. The successful examples are those where the contemporary architectural forms have been carefully designed to form direct and clear rela�ons with the exis�ng historical se�ngs in terms of scale, massing, propor�on, material but yet they are dis�nguished for their uncompromising new characteris�cs. Crea�ng a new architectural layer on old se�ngs in an innova�ve and sympathe�c way upholds the spirit of these heritages and constructs a harmonious ‘old and new’ confronta�on.

Sydney, the city itself is a tremendous poten�al place to study the ‘old and new’ rela�onships where one can observe numerous good and bad examples of incorpora�ng new designs in old se�ngs in everyday life.

Griffiths, A. (2014). Welsh + Major transforms old Sydney police sta�on into a restaurant. [online] Dezeen. Available at: h � p s : / / w w w. d e z e e n . c o m / 2 0 1 4 / 0 5 / 1 7 / t h e - r o c k s - r e s t a u r a n t- o l d - p o lice-sta�on-converted-into-a-restaurant-welsh-major-sydney/ [Accessed 8 May 2018].

Domus. (2014). The former Rocks Police Sta�on. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2014/11/13/the_former_rocks_police_sta�on.html [Accessed 8 May 2018].

Clubman, M. (2014). Rocks Police Sta�on / Welsh+Major. [online] Archdaily. Available at: h�ps://www.archdaily.com/528792/rocks-police-sta�on-welsh-major [Accessed 8 May 2018].

ArchDaily. (2013). Tinshed / Raffaello Rosselli. [online] Available at: h�ps://www.archdaily.com/357865/�nshed-raffaello-rosselli [Accessed 15 May 2018].

Designboom. (2013). raffaello rosselli converts an australian �nshed into office. [online] Available at: h�p://file:///E:/new%20design/Tinshed/raffaello%20rosseli%2converts%20an%20australian%20�nshed%20into%20office.html [Accessed 15 May 2018].

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