Report-Integrated Urbanism Studio

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

ARCH9093 INTEGRATED URBANISM STUDIO

ASSESSMENT 1B

submitted by ANKITA POWALE 470472604 KARUNYA SUBRAMANIAN 470369980 NUZHAT NABILA 480065366 YING ZHAO 460318752

Semester 01, 2019 | Unit Coordinator : Dr. Pranita Shrestha

|

Tutors: Rouzbeh Loghmani, Jamie Van Geldermalsen, Monica Desanti

CONTENTS 0.0 Purpose Of The Report 1.0 Policy Analysis 2.0 Site Context 3.0 Site Analysis By Themes: Facts And Figures And Swot 3.1 Economy 3.2 Connectivity 3.3 Liveability 3.4 Environment 3.5 What Does The Community Feel?

4.0 Vision And Objectives 5.0 Priority Areas For The Strategy 5.1 Economy 5.2 Connectivity 5.3 Liveability 5.4 Environment 6.0 Strategic Options 6.1 Development Of Two Options 6.2 Phasing 6.3 Comparison 7.0 Final Strategic Plan 7.1 Economy : Strategic Actions 7.2 Connectivity : Strategic Actions 7.2.1 Regional Connectivity 7.3 Liveability : Strategic Actions 7.4 Environment : Strategic Actions 7.5 Phasing 7.6 Comparison With Bau 8.0 Selected Focus Areas 8.1 Parramatta Park 8.2 Westmead Health Precinct 8.3 Church Street 8.4 East Parramatta Neighbourhood Centre Precinct 8.5 Parramatta River Front Development 9.0 Conclusion 10.0 Bibliography 10.0 Appendices 11.0 Case Studies

01 02-04 05-06 07-24 08-11 12-15 16-19 20-23 24 25 26-29 26 27 28 29 30-38 30-31 32-35 36-38 39-57 41-42 43-44 45 46-48 49-50 51-56 57 58-70 59-60 61-62 63-65 66-68 69-70 71 72-75 76-81 82-86

Purpose Of The Report

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

“A FUTURE CITY THAT IS SUSTAINABLE, INVITING COMMERCE, WELL-LINKED AND INCLUSIVE OF ITS DIVERSITY WHILST CELEBRATING ITS HISTORY” Parramatta and Westmead within the Parramatta Local Government area are experiencing rapid transformation.

Positioned as the foci of West Central District of Greater Sydney, Parramatta and Westmead are important districts, largely debated, and of great interest to several stakeholders. Various strategies and development plans from different departments have been proposed for its future development. However, these districts forming the Central city do not have a comprehensive strategic plan.

The report aims to create a comprehensive strategic plan for Central city within the Greater Sydney context. It will analyse the existing policy documents governing the Central city’s growth and propose a consolidated development plan ‘Central city 2050’ that aligns with them. The plan is developed through four themes: Economy, Connectivity, Liveability, and Environment. The report undertakes a meticulous site analysis to formulate the vision and objectives.

Based on the priority areas identified from site analysis, it produces two options of the strategic plan. After careful assessment and comparison of both options, a final strategic plan is derived showcasing the development in three phases over 30 years. Five key focus areas are selected within the study area for detailed urban design interventions to portray the implementation of a large strategic plan at the grass root level.

Page 01

1.0 POLICY ANALYSIS | A METROPOLIS OF THREE CITIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND METROPOLITAN CENTRE METROPOLITAN CLUSTER AIRPORTS WESTERN PARKLAND CITY CENTRAL RIVER CITY EASTERN HARBOUR CITY CITY-SHAPING TRANSPORT CORRIDOR REGIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDOR CITY SERVING TRANSPORT DISTRICT BOUNDARY

Figure 01 : A Metropolis of Three Cities; Produced by Author; Source: (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018)

1.1 A Metropolis Of Three Cities Greater Sydney is an economic hub with 4.7 million people, coupled with natural features like Sydney Harbour, Blue Mountains and beaches, makes it Australia's global city. With the projection of 8 million population over the next 40 years and half of the population residing to the west of Parramatta, an economic and social balance is essential in Central City to deliver and distribute the benefits across Greater Sydney (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).

The Greater Sydney Commission has envisioned ‘Greater Sydney – 2056' and produced a comprehensive planning document :A Metropolis of Three Cities which aims at integrating land uses, transport and infrastructure planning across state agencies (Greater Sydney Commission,

2018). Figure 01 depicts Greater Parramatta's central geographical location enabling it as a strategic hub for linking Eastern Harbour City, Central River City and Western Parkland City.

The Central District plan is a guide for implementing A Metropolis of Three Cities at the district level. Its vision aims to improve the lifestyle and environmental assets and build a 30-minute city that means residents could have quicker and easier access to jobs, housing types and activities. The Greater Sydney Commission perceives the importance of establishing connections with significant centres like Norwest, Epping, Bankstown and Western Sydney Airport, in the coming decades (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).

Page 02

1.0 POLICY ANALYSIS | CENTRAL CITY DISTRICT PLAN

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND METROPOLITAN CENTRE HEALTH AND EDUCATION PRECINCT TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT LAND RELEASED AREA GREATER PENRITH TO EASTER CREEK GROWTH AREA SOUTH CREEK PARKLAND INVESTIGATION MAJOR URBAN PARKLAND EMPLOYMENT AREA URBAN RENEWAL AREA TRAIN STATION COMMITTED TRAIN LINK TRAIN LINK (INVESTIGATION 0-10 YEARS) TRAIN LINK/ MASS TRANSIT VISIONARY FREIGHT RAIL INVESTIGATION LIGHT RAIL MOTORWAY ROAD VISIONARY

Figure 02 : Central City District Plan of GSC; Produced by Author; Source: (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018)

1.2 Central City District Plan Of GSC There is a proposal to develop the Greater Parramatta ( Figure 02 ) along with the Olympic Peninsula to a successful inner-urban centre of Greater Sydney (Greater Sydney Commission, 2016). This proposal can be a great opportunity to expand the existing Parramatta CBD and increase its reputation to attract more people and investments.

Greater Parramatta being a part of Greater Parramatta and the Olympic Peninsula (GPOP) focus on four strategic locations - Parramatta CBD- A strong commercial core interweaved with the river, Westmead- ‘Health city' and international innovator, North Parramatta Heritage Precinct- Creative, heritage and entrepreneurial hub and Parramatta Park- A green connector (Greater Sydney

Commission, 2016). The 3 key development precinctsParramatta CBD, Westmead, and North Parramatta Heritage Precinct have specific policy documents governing their development namely- Parramatta 2038 (Parramatta City Council, 2013), Westmead Innovation District: Building Western Sydney's jobs engine (Deloitte, 2014) and Parramatta North Urban Transformation (Urban Growth NSW , 2018) respectively.

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1.0 POLICY ANALYSIS | GPOP

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07

06

01

02

08

03

05

09 04

10

Figure 03 : Key Precincts of GPOP; Produced by Author; Source: Urban Growth NSW , 2018 0

1.3 GPOP The four main quarters of GPOP include (Figure 03) A - Parramatta CBD and Westmead health and education super precinct B - Next generation living from Camellia to Carlingford C - Essential urban services, advanced technology and knowledge sectors D - Olympic park lifestyle super precinct These four main quarters are further fragmented into key development precincts which include ( Figure 03)1. The Westmead health precinct 2. Parramatta North 3. Parramatta CBD 4. Parramatta Road Urban Transformation - Granville 5. Camellia 6. Telopea masterplan 7. Carlingford 8. Melrose Park 9. Wentworth Point 10. Cater Street and Sydney Olympic Park

1

2.5 km

LEGEND WESTMEAD SITE

KEY DEVELOPMENT PRECINCTS

PARRAMATTA LGA

FOUR QUARTERS

GPOP AREA

EXISTING TRAIN LINK

Figure 04: The new hospital building front entrance Source: NSW Government Westmead Redevelopment, 2018

The four objectives of parramatta CBD and Westmead health and education super precinct by GPOP are: 1 - Parramatta CBD - A strong commercial core interwoven with the river 2 - Westmead - ‘Health city’ and international innovator

3 - North Parramatta - Creative, heritage and entrepreneurial hub 4 - Parramatta Park - A green connector

Figure 05: Parramatta North Urban Transformation Project Source: Urban Growth NSW,2018

Figure 06: A vision for city of River foreshore Source: McGregor Coxall, 2015

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2.0 SITE CONTEXT | LOCATION & DEMOGRAPHICS

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Figure 07 : Location of Site; Produced by Author

0

1

2.5

km

2.1 Site Area

2.2 Demographics

The site area is divided by different suburbs of Parramatta, Westmead, North Parramatta, Northmead, Wentworthville and Constitution Hill. The 946.5 ha site's boundaries are marked by the motorways A28 and M4, with a current population of 36,165 (ABS Census Data, 2016_A). Greater Parramatta is flanked by multiple town centres like Pendle Hill, Mary lands, Rydalmere, Carlingford, Baulkham Hills etc.

The demographics of the site informs us of the following ( Figure 08)Age Group – The median age group of the site is 34 years comprising 8.8% of the population, while the other dominant age groups like 0-14 years comprise 18.4% and 65+ years comprises of 12.2% of the total population (ABS Census Data, 2016_A).

Ethnicity- The dominant ethnic groups are Australian (33.88%), Indian (21%) and Chinese (7%). (ABS Census Data, 2016_B)

EMPLOYMENT INDUSTRY

3.48 %

26.75 %

14.97 %

2.52%

3.57 %

4.41 %

Figure 08 : Demographics of Site; Produced by Author Page 05

2.0 SITE CONTEXT | EXISTING SITE

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02

03

04 06

05

01 07 08

Figure 09 : Existing Site; Source: Author LEGEND TRAIN STATION

HEALTH PRECINCT

RAILWAY

EDUCATION PRECINCT

SITE BOUNDARY

PARRAMATTA CBD

RIVER/CREEK

HERITAGE

GREEN

01

03

02

Parramatta CBD

Westmead Hospital

05

06

Source- Author, 2019

Parramatta Park

Source- Author, 2019

Source- University of Sydney, n.d.

Parramatta River Source- Author, 2019

04

Church Street

Source- Author, 2019

07

Centenary Square Source- Author, 2019

Darcy Road

Source- Author, 2019

08

Town Hall

Source- Author, 2019

Figure 10 : Existing Images featuring key Features of the Site; Source : Author 2.3 Existing Site Features Figure 10 shows range of images (01-08) marked in Figure 09 representing the key features of the site, for example- Paramatta Park, Paramatta River, Westmead Hospital, Parramatta CBD. In this report, for the sake of comparison with Central City , the extent of Harbour City has been assumed as Figure 11.

Figure 11 : Extent of Harbour City; Produced by Author; Source: Snazzy-maps

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3.0 SITE ANALYSIS BY THEMES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

ECONOMY

CONNECTIVITY

LIVEABILITY

ENVIRONMENT

Page 07

3.1 SITE ANALYSIS | ECONOMY-FACTS AND FIGURES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

3.1 ECONOMY 3.1.1 Economy Context Central City District is the fastest growing district in Greater Sydney with its increasing population growth, investment and infrastructure. Between 2006 and 2016 the Central City saw the highest growth rate of jobs in Greater Sydney2.2% per annum. (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018) An investment of $10 billion has been directed towards Greater Parramatta and the Olympic Park Peninsula in city scale assets like hospitals, universities, light rail, museum and new public spaces (PwC Consulting, 2016). The increase in business growth and jobs has failed to match the increasing population and housing in Western Sydney.

Every day nearly 225,000 residents of Western Sydney are compelled to travel to places of work in the east due to an inadequate number of jobs (City of Parramatta, 2017).

A comparison has been established between Central City and Harbour City in Figure 12 in terms of jobs and job sector distribution. (Refer to Table 4 in Appendix A).The 2,104,560 jobs across Greater Sydney are distributed with 15.24% in Harbour City and 2.73% in Central City (ABS Census Data, 2016_G). The analysis for job sector distribution in Figure 13 reveals that dominant job sectors in Harbour City and Central City are finance and health care, respectively (ABS Census Data, 2016_D) (ABS Census Data, 2016_C). The analysis clearly outlines the parameters the secondary CBD lacks to achieve the Greater Sydney Commission's vision of ‘Metropolis of Three Cities'.

Central City Figure 12 : Comparison of Jobs; Produced by Author; Source: (Central City -ABS Census Data, 2016_C) (Harbour City- ABS Census Data, 2016_D)

Figure 13 : Dominant Job Sector Distribution; Produced by Author;

Source:(Central City- ABS Census Data, 2016_C) (Harbour City- ABS Census Data, 2016_D)

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3.1 SITE ANALYSIS | ECONOMY-SWOT

3.1.2 Economy Strengths The strengths for the economy include the commercial core of the Parramatta CBD and the health and educational precinct at Westmead, which currently support the economy. The big box retail located in Parramatta North and the light industrial precinct located in the north-east in Westmead contribute to the economy ( Figure 20).

3.1.3 Economy Weaknesses The weakness includes lack of connection between the two primary economic precincts and other assets. The low FSR zone proposed by the LEP hinders the further expansion and growth of these precincts (NSW Legislation, 2011) (Figure 21).

3.1.4 Economy Opportunities The opportunities for the economy include the potential expansion of the Parramatta CBD to the North and linking it with the industrial precinct, thus creating a commercial

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

corridor. The industrial precincts being part of the Parramatta employment land strategy ensures employment generation (City of Parramatta Council, 2016). The Parramatta North urban Transformation project facilitates the development of creative industries within the heritage core (Urban Growth NSW, 2018). Also, the University of Sydney being a stakeholder with major investment in PNUT would generate employment (University of Sydney, March 2017) (Figure 22).

3.1.5 Economy Threats The new strata development around Prince Alfred Square possesses a threat to the further expansion of the CBD (City Futures Research Centre, 2015) (Figure 23).

Figure 14: Geographically & strategically central location; Figure 15: Strength : Parramatta CBD; Source: Author Source : Google Map

Figure 17: Threat: Strata Development; Source: Author

Figure 18: Opportunity: Industrials; Source: Author

Figure 16: Opportunity : Western Sydney campus

expansion; Source: Author

Figure 19: Weakness: Low FSR; Source: Author

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3.1 SITE ANALYSIS | ECONOMY-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK GREEN

HEALTH PRECINCT INDUSTRIAL PARRAMATTA CBD EDUCATIONAL

Figure 20 : Key Strength - Economy

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK GREEN

LOW FSR 0.33-0.5 0.6-0.8 KEY ASSETS DIS-CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN THE ASSETS

Figure 21 : Key Weakness - Economy

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3.1 SITE ANALYSIS | ECONOMY-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ( PARRAMATTA EMPLOYMENT LANDS STRATEGY) PARRAMATTA NORTH URBAN TRANSFORMATION (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY AND HERITAGE CORE) EXISTING CBD EXTENSION OF CBD (PARRAMATTA CBD PLANNING STRATEGY

Figure 22 : Key Opportunity - Economy

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK

GREEN STRATA DEVELOPMENT

(Strata Schemes of Sydney City Future Research centre, UNSW)

Figure 23 : Key Threat - Economy Page 11

3.2 SITE ANALYSIS | CONNECTIVITY-FACTS AND FIGURES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

3.2 CONNECTIVITY 3.2.1 Connectivity Context The geographical location of Central City makes it a vital interchange connecting the Harbour City in the east and the Western Parkland City in the west (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018). Parramatta Station is the fourth busiest station in Greater Sydney, (Kembrey, 2016) with the Blue Mountains, T5, T1, T7 and T2 lines coming together. The travel times from certain strategic centres have been sampled during the morning and evening peak hours on a weekday (Refer to Table 06 in Appendix B).

Three regional motorways- A28, A40 and M40 circumference Central City.

Future Transport Strategy 2056 commits to deliver multiple mass- transit options across Sydney (Transport for NSW, 2018). However, the major connectivity proposals seem

inadequate in connecting some of the highly populated areas like Penrith, Campbelltown, Fairfield, Blacktown, Kogarah, Epping, Norwest and Bankstown.

Figure 24 and 25 establishes an analysis of modes of transport to work and distance to work, in order to analyse the current scenario of the primary and secondary CBD. In terms of modes of transportation to work, Harbour City is primarily dependent on public transport; contrastingly, Central City is car-dependent (ABS Census Data, 2016_E). The statistics mentioned above reflect on the target that Central City has to achieve to establish itself as a strong, well- connected and vibrant city.

Central City Figure 24 : Mode of travel to work ; Produced by Author;

Source: (Central City- ABS Census Data, 2016_E) (Harbour City- ABS Census Data, 2016_F)

Figure 25 : Distance to travel to work ; Produced by Author;

Source: (Central City- ABS Census Data, 2016_K) (Harbour City- ABS Census Data, 2016_L) Page 12

3.2 SITE ANALYSIS |CONNECTIVITY-SWOT

3.2.2 Connectivity Strengths The strengths for connectivity include the well-connected regional transit network with its three stations being Parramatta, Westmead and Wentworthville. The Central City is also connected to the Harbour city through ferry.

The Parramatta CBD's fine grain network promotes pedestrian movement with ease. The regional road network circumferences the study area forming an outer ring road without disturbing the neighbourhoods' road network ( Figure 30).

3.2.3 Connectivity Weaknesses The weaknesses, although there is a robust regional transport network along the South of the site, rest of the area lacks it, thus making it purely car dominant. The large impermeable private blocks in Westmead pose challenges to connectivity. The limited service of the bus weakens the transport links. The absence of cycle lanes in Westmead and lack of tree canopy along the sidewalk hinders the non-motorised commute. Based on the travel time assessment from several strategic locations in Greater Sydney to Parramatta establishes the poor public transport connections and incompatibility with GSC's vision of '30- minute' city (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018) ( Figure 31)(Refer to Table 06 in Appendix B)

Figure 26: Weakness: No Way Finding at Westmead Station; Source: Author

Figure 27: Weakness: Car Oriented Precinct; Source: Author

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3.2.3 Connectivity Opportunities The proposal of two new Metro stations in Parramatta and Westmead, according to Sydney Metro West will ensure in strengthening the regional transit network. The Parramatta Light rail proposal will provide multiple transit options within the city (Sydney Metro, 2018). This can facilitate the increase of rapid bus transit by the introduction of new T-way loops. Moreover, there is scope for development and up-gradation of the Ferry network. The green grid Parramatta proposes strategies to improve the cycle and pedestrian network (City of Parramatta, 2017) ( Figure 32).

3.2.4 Connectivity Threats The primary threat to the connectivity is the flooding in Parramatta, which hinders the land and water connectivity (Figure 33).

Figure 28: Weakness: Impermeable Large Figure 29: Weakness: Not Blocks in Westmead; Source: Author Pedestrian Friendly; Source: Author

Page 13

3.2 SITE ANALYSIS |CONNECTIVITY-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY

400M CATCHMENT

GREEN

800M CATCHMENT FINE GRAIN PARRAMATTA CBD OUTER RING REGIONAL CONNECTION

WHARF

FERRY CONNECTION

RIVER/CREEK

Figure 30 : Key Strength - Connectivity

LEGEND

CYCLE LANE

KEY ASSETS

IMPERMEABLE LARGE PRIVATE LAND

BUS CONNECTIVITY

INTERNALISED STRUCTURE

DISCONNECTIVITY BETWEEN THE CENTRE

BUS STOP

WEAK CITY CENTRE

DISRUPTED CONNECTIVITY

Figure 31 : Key Weakness - Connectivity

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3.2 SITE ANALYSIS |CONNECTIVITY-SWOT

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LEGEND RIVER/CREEK

M

GREEN PROPOSED FAST TRAIN PARRAMATTA LIGHT RAIL PROPOSAL

PROPOSED METRO STATION PRECINCT PROPOSED BUS RAPID TRANSIT UPCOMING CYCLE PATH

Figure 32 : Key Opportunity - Connectivity

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK GREEN

BUS STOP WHARF 100 YEARS FLOOD LEVEL

Figure 33 : Key Threat - Connectivity

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3.3 SITE ANALYSIS | LIVEABILITY-FACTS AND FIGURES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

3.3 LIVEABILITY 3.3.1 Liveability Context With the increasing population of Central city, it is projected that 207,500 more dwellings will be required by 2036.

(Greater Sydney Commission, 2018) The current gross residential density of Central City is 39.2 people/ hectare, which is lower than the density of Harbour City, which is 85.4 people/hectare(ABS Census Data, 2016_B, ABS Census Data, 2016_M).

Central City is ethnically and culturally diverse, with over 67% of people born outside Australia (ABS Census Data, 2016_N). Despite the diversity, there is a severe lack of social infrastructure to support them. The liveability study carried out by the City of Melbourne highlights the parameters for social infrastructure (Refer to Figure 161 and 1622 in Appendix D). (City of Melbourne, 2016). There are ten museums located in Harbour City while there is none located in Central City.

To address the housing requirement, it is essential to consider the type of dwellings. Figure 34 demonstrates the comparison of the dwelling typology composition in Central City and Harbour City. The data clearly shows the dominance of flats/apartments in both cities. However, the balance of separate dwellings in Harbour City is much lower as compared to Central City, which is at 17%. Figure 36 depicts the household composition of Central City which is characterised by one family household with children accounting for 48%, lone person household for 26% and one family household with no children for 24%.

The percentage of single person households is projected to hike by 81 by 2036(Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).

This statistics calls for diverse housing provision that caters to smaller family households and the dominant one family household with children.

Central City Figure 34 : Dwelling types ; Produced by Author; Source: ABS Census Data, 2016_H

Figure 35 : Regional Diversity ; Produced by Author; Source: ABS Census Data, 2016_JData, 2016_L)

Figure 36 : Household composition ; Produced by Author; Source: ABS Census Data, 2016_I

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3.3 SITE ANALYSIS | LIVEABILITY-SWOT

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3.3.2 Liveability Strengths Central City's central geographic location, where employment, education, health facilities, open space, and other amenities are accessible to the growing population is a strength. The city also has a strong historic value adding to its identity. The cultural diversity of the city promotes the opportunity to develop an equitable environment. (Figure 43) 3.3.3 Liveability Weaknesses The weaknesses include the large impermeable blocks which hinder connectivity. The weak connections across the natural features like Parramatta Park and Parramatta River is another drawback. Some of the impoverished pedestrian crossings weaken the pedestrian network. The poor quality of Westmead Town centre weakens the social infrastructure, and the inactive street frontage further deteriorates the quality of the public domain, thus affecting the walkability. The heritage items contribute to the liveability undoubtedly. However, they also curb the potential to increase residential density. (Figure 44)

Figure 37: Strength: Westmead Hospital; Source- University of Sydney, n.d.

3.3.5 Liveability Threats The proximity to CBD poses severe threats to the affordability of housing due to potential gentrification. Also, the proximity to the industrial zones impacts safety. Flooding is a major threat to the livelihood within the city. (Figure 46)

Figure 38: Opportunity: Parramatta Gaol; Source- University of Sydney, 2015.

Figure 40: Opportunity: Parramatta Female Factory; Source- Penny

Sharpe MLC, 2016.

3.3.4 Liveability Opportunities The opportunities for liveability include the potential waterfront development along the Parramatta River (McGregor Coxall, 2015). The PNUT (Urban Growth NSW, 2018) and Westmead health & educational precinct also significantly improve the amenities and quality of life. The scattered presence of several other educational institutions also has the potential for collaboration. The area also has a high potential for developing new community open spaces.

(Figure 45)

Figure 41: Opportunity: Parramatta Centenary Square; Source- Author

Figure 39: Opportunity: Parramatta Riverside Theatre; Source- Author

Figure 42: Weakness: Poor Quality Town Centre; Source- Author

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3.3 SITE ANALYSIS | LIVEABILITY-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK

HERITAGE CATCHMENT

GREEN

MEDICAL FACILITIES CHILDCARE EDUCATION

HEALTH PRECINCT

AGED CARE

PLAYGROUND

Figure 43 : Key Strength - Liveability

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY

LARGE PRIVATE LAND HOLDING

RIVER/CREEK

HERITAGE

GREEN

POOR QUALITY TOWN CENTRE

POOR ACCESS/CROSSING

Figure 44 : Key Weakness - Liveability

INACTIVE STREET FRONTAGE WEAK CONNECTION Page 18

3.3 SITE ANALYSIS | LIVEABILITY-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY

HERITAGE EDUCATION

RIVER/CREEK

CATCHMENT POTENTIAL WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

GREEN HEALTH PRECINCT

Figure 45 : Key Opportunity - Liveability

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK GREEN

PROXIMITY OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE PROXIMITY TO COMMERCIAL CATCHMENT

Figure 46 : Key Threat - Liveability

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3.4 SITE ANALYSIS | ENVIRONMENT-FACTS AND FIGURES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

3.4 ENVIRONMENT 3.4.1 Environment Context The Central City District is drier and hotter than Harbour City, to make matters worse, the lack of tree planting along the streets contributes significantly to heat island effect.

The Central City District is prone to several natural hazards such as bushfire, heatwave, storms and flooding due to its natural landscape and climate (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).

Over 50 per cent of Central City District's residents live within a kilometre from a waterway, outlining the importance of water bodies which can be upgraded to a vibrant waterfront development (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018). The low lying topography of Parramatta is affected by 39 tributary creeks with a severe risk of flooding (Gorrey & Haynes, 2019).

Central City

Figures 47 creates a graphical comparison of the open space network in Central City and Harbour City. The key environmental assets of Central City are Parramatta Park and Parramatta River while Harbour City has the Sydney Harbour, Botanical Gardens and Hyde Park. Central City's open space ratio has also been compared to a few other cities around the world, including those regarded as some of the most liveable cities in the world. (Figure 48 ) The green space per inhabitant in Parramatta is 37 sq.m which starkly contrasts with Vienna, the number one liveable city in the world, having 120 sq.m of green space per inhabitant.

Harbour City

Figure 47 : Comparison of the open space network in Central City and Harbour City

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3.4 SITE ANALYSIS | ENVIRONMENT-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 48 : Open Space Per Inhabitant

3.4.2 Environment Strengths The strengths for the environment include the several parklands, the significant regional parkland, i.e. Parramatta Park. Parramatta River is the natural spine of the city, making it one of the key assets. Parramatta River and Park are rich in biodiversity as they house several indigenous flora and fauna like the Grey-headed flying foxes and eels.

(Figure 57)

3.4.4 Environment Opportunities The opportunities of the environment include a potential green grid network within the city, which will revive the ecology of the area. Increasing the tree canopy cover will impact the micro-climate. Potential waterfront development along the Parramatta River helps the celebration and revival of the river. (Figure 59) 3.4.5 Environment Threats One of the major threats to the environment is the flooding in the city. (Figure 60)

3.4.3 Environment Weaknesses The limited access points to Parramatta Park from Parramatta CBD and Westmead has resulted in the underutilisation of it. Lack of vegetation in the city not only affects the pedestrian movement but also results in the heat island effect observed mainly in Parramatta CBD, Westmead and Parramatta North (City of Parramatta, 2017). Another weakness is the missing link between the significant natural features like Parramatta Park, Toongabbie Creek and Lake Parramatta. (Figure 58)

Figure 49: Strength: Parramatta River;

Figure 50: Strength: Parramatta Park;

Figure 53: Opportunity: Potential Waterfront Development; Source- Author

Figure 54: Opportunity: Potential Green Grid;

Source- Author

Source- Author

Source- City of Parramatta , 2017.

Figure 51: Opportunity: Baludarri Wetland; SourceAuthor

Figure 52: Weakness: Lack of Trees; Source- Author

Figure 55: Opportunity: Prince Alfred Park; Figure 56: Threat: Flooding in Source- Author Parramatta; Source- The Daily Telegraph Page 21

3.4 SITE ANALYSIS | ENVIRONMENT-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY PARK LAND REGIONAL PARK LAND

RIPARIAN LAND PARRAMATTA RIVER WETLAND GREY HEADED FLYING FOX CAP

Figure 57 : Key Strength - Environment

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK GREEN

MAXIMUM HEAT ISLAND EFFECT MISSING LINK LIMITED ENTRY TO REGIONAL PARK

Figure 58 : Key Weakness - Environment

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3.4 SITE ANALYSIS | ENVIRONMENT-SWOT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY PARK LAND

POTENTIAL GREEN GRID POTENTIAL WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT

RIVER/CREEK

Figure 59 : Key Opportunity - Environment

LEGEND TRAIN STATION RAILWAY RIVER/CREEK

GREEN 100 YEARS FLOOD LEVELS

Figure 60 : Key Threat - Environment

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3.5 SITE ANALYSIS | COMMUNITY

The people?

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

The place?

The history?

Figure 61 : The Community

3.5 What does the community feel?

(Source- North Parramatta Residents Action Group, 2018)

Recognition of Darug people’s identity, possibilities for a museum of NSW celebrating collective narratives from Darug first people to the current vibrant migratory future The community feels very strongly that UGNSW are the wrong proponent for the public land such as Parramatta North Urban Transformation They are not against development but a sympathetic reincarnation that celebrates the narratives and nurtures creative industries and long-term tourism They proposed place of learning for school children in living museums, or an architectural campus with all the varied examples of greenway, Barnett and Liberty Vernon sprinkled throughout a revived botanical garden connecting the precinct with footbridges with Parramatta park and the historic Wisteria Gardens on the west campus of Cumberland hospital They also proposed Riverside dining and boardwalks connecting people from the ferry, creative incubator hubs taking up residence in the cottages along with smaller business and the addition of modern art gallery of western Sydney beside Parramatta Gaol that could become a very successful YHA who have a very impressive heritage real estate portfolio like Perth Gaols recent reuse.

Protecting and reviving the green open space

Page 24

4.0 VISION AND OBJECTIVES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

4.1 VISION FOR CENTRAL CITY 2050

“A FUTURE CITY THAT IS SUSTAINABLE, INVITING COMMERCE, WELL-LINKED AND INCLUSIVE OF ITS DIVERSITY WHILST CELEBRATING ITS HISTORY.�

4.2 OBJECTIVES

4.1.1 A commercially strong city intensifying the existing economy and provision for future economic growth 4.1.2 A well- connected city improving the connectivity on a regional and local scale 4.1.3 A city for people with great places offering destinations where people work, live, relax and are entertained 4.1.4 A city with an enriching ecology enhancing the ecology and public open spaces

4.3 SUB OBJECTIVES FOR THEMES Economy 4.3.1. Support commercial development by the expansion of the Parramatta CBD

Liveability 4.3.8. Provide housing for the increasing population with diverse and affordable housing typologies

4.3.2. Enhance and expand existing health and education facilities at Westmead and the rest of Greater Parramatta

4.3.9. Provide social infrastructure and services that cater to diverse communities

4.3.3. Develop heritage and cultural core with Parramatta North as the focus

4.3.10. Create destinations that support the rich heritage of Greater Parramatta

Connectivity 4.3.4. Enhance regional connectivity of Greater Parramatta to Harbour City and Western Parkland city

Environment 4.3.11. Revitalise the ecology and biodiversity of primary natural assets like Parramatta Park and river

4.3.5. Improve local connectivity by introducing diverse means of transport

4.3.12. Create a network of green open spaces within Greater Parramatta and link it to the regional Green Grid

4.3.6. Strengthen active means of transport in Greater Parramatta

4.3.13. Respond to climatic hazards like flooding and mitigate heat island effect

4.3.7. Improve digital connectivity

4.3.14. Introduce sustainable practices for water and waste management and to minimise greenhouse gas emissions

Page 25

5.1 PRIORITY AREAS | ECONOMY

LEGEND Active Commercial Centre Existing Education Precinct Potential Education Precinct Health Industry Precinct

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Existing CBD Expanded CBD Innovative and art industry Supporting Industry for Health and Education Industries Economic Strip

Figure 62 : Priority Areas for the Strategy- Economy

5.1 Priority areas for Economy The existing two primary economic generators for Central City are Westmead health precinct and the Parramatta CBD. Based on the SWOT analysis, a few more potential economic zones have been identified along with the expansion of the existing economic assets.

Based on the Employment Lands Strategy 2016 of City of Parramatta, (City of Parramatta Council, 2016) the business enterprise corridor has been identified to the north of Church Street, resulting in the expansion of the existing Parramatta CBD. Currently, Parramatta CBD has 273,617 sq.m of A-Grade Office Space of which only 1% is vacant, which stresses for an addition (Urbis, 2015).To support the claim mentioned above, the upcoming light rail phase 1 along Church Street (NSW Transport, 2019) acts as a catalyst to facilitate further expansion.

The Parramatta North Urban Transformation proposes to introduce and facilitate the growth of the creative industry in the heritage core through adaptive reuse to ensure the retention of the heritage structures for future generations (Urban Growth NSW, 2018). This strategy is devised to attract new economy in Central City as an attempt to diver-

sify the economy. To further diversify the economy, the University of Sydney has emerged as one of the significant stakeholders in PNUT precinct introducing the educational sector (University of Sydney, March 2017).

The 40 years old Westmead health precinct with 18,000 jobs in 2016, identifies itself as a major commercial precinct and an innovation hub attracting global investment. With more than $3 billion investment from government, universities and the private sector, the precinct aims to expand and achieve 50,000 job in 2046 (Deloitte, 2014).

The existing light industry close to Westmead precinct has abundant potential to support the existing health and education precinct by attracting educational or technical industry.

On comparing the Central City with the Harbour City, it lacks adequate night-life activities, thus creating an opportunity to develop a night time economy along the Parramatta River. The introduction of cultural and recreational precinct along the river activates the foreshore and paves the way for a new economy.

Page 26

5.2 PRIORITY AREAS | CONNECTIVITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGEND Existing Crossing on Parramatta River Potential Crossing on Parramatta River Arterial Road City Ring Road

Potential City Ring Road Potential Cycling Links Potential Transit Link

Figure 63 : Priority Areas for the Strategy- Connectivity

5.2 Priority areas for Connectivity Based on the vision of Greater Sydney Commission of ‘Metropolis of Three Cities’ (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018), Central City is the central metropolitan centre due to its geographical location in Greater Sydney. Central City is currently served by the heavy rail, rapid bus transport and ferries.

The Sydney Metro’s proposal for Sydney Metro West with two potential stations identified at Parramatta and Westmead aims to connect the Central City with Harbour City aligning with the Greater Sydney Commission’s vision of the 30-minute city (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).( Refer to Table 06 in Appendix B) establishes the inefficiency of the public transport system to achieve the 30- min city vision. This data demands major investment in metro rail to connect the Central City with the rest of Greater Sydney.

To support the growth and expansion of the Central City, intensifying the services of heavy rail network to Central City is required.

Based on the Parramatta light rail strategy, the first phase

of light rail along Church Street connecting the Parramatta CBD and the Westmead precinct is expected to be completed by 2023 (NSW Transport, 2019). Potential expansion of the existing Parramatta CBD calls for an extension of the proposed light rail.

The Parramatta CBD is currently being served by rapid bus transport. However, the existing T-way connection to Rouse Hill does not serve any significant precincts in Central City. Hence, there is a need to extend the T-way connections for effective local connectivity.

The Central City severely lacks the infrastructure that promotes active means of transport. The Parramatta Bike Plan 2017-2037 aims to intensify the cycle network (City of Parramatta, 2017). The large impermeable blocks, particularly in Westmead, reduce the walkability in the precinct which needs to be addressed by the introduction of pedestrian pathways.

Page 27

5.3 PRIORITY AREAS | LIVEABILITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

4 3

1

2

LEGEND Neighbourhood Centre Existing School Existing Aged Group Community Key Employment Area

Cultural Core Potential Civic Centre Housing Priority sites Active Street Frontage for small business

Figure 64 : Priority Areas for the Strategy- Liveability

5.3 Priority areas for Liveability 5.3.1 Housing Separate low-density dwellings largely characterise the housing in Central City (Figure 34 ).

The current number of dwellings within the study area is 14,735 accomodating 36,165 people (ABS Census Data, 2016_A).

With the large-scale expansion of the Westmead precinct and Parramatta CBD leading to an increase in the job numbers, arises the need for the increase in the dwelling numbers. The large low-density housing in Wentworthville, east of Parramatta CBD and close to Western Sydney University have an enormous potential to increase their density. The increase in the densities of the housing will aid in providing diverse housing in Central City, which it currently lacks.

proposal. The world heritage listed Old Government House in Parramatta Park also contributes to the rich heritage of the city (NSW Office of Environment & Heritage, n.d.). The existing qualities of the Westmead town centre, North and East Parramatta town centres are inferior and call for an up-gradation.

To increase the safety and vibrancy of certain streets in the study area, it is essential for them to have active street frontage. It is vital to have street planting to enhance the pedestrian experience on the sidewalks.

5.3.2 Social Infrastructure Parramatta’s rich heritage has a large potential to improve the liveability of the communities. Parramatta Female factory and Parramatta Gaol are the key assets that play a vital role in the Parramatta North Urban Transformation

Page 28

5.4 PRIORITY AREAS | ENVIRONMENT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

4

1 3 2

LEGEND Green Space/ Park Upgrade New Urban Space Waterfront Redevelopment

Flooding affected area Heat Island Effect Green along the streets Strengthened accessibility

Figure 65 : Priority Areas for the Strategy- Environment

5.4 Priority areas for Environment

The heritage-listed Parramatta Park is a significant parkland for the entire of Greater Sydney hosting several native species of flora and fauna. Parramatta River running across the study area is yet another significant ecological asset for Greater Sydney. The Parramatta river has an innate quality to link the significant precincts in Central City. The underutilised Parramatta Park, Parramatta River and its foreshore can recreate Central City as ‘A city in its landscape' (Greater Sydney Commission, 2018).

tions. Certain key streets can be identified for an upgrade to boulevards. Flood mitigation infrastructures have to be introduced in Parramatta CBD and along creeks to combat the adverse climatic effects. There is an opportunity to propose future developments with sustainability principles to address water management and greenhouse gas emissions.

The adverse climatic condition like flooding and heat island effect pose severe threats to the current setting. Increase in tree canopy cover and introduction of wetlands and Water Sensitive Urban Design will be vital strategies that need to be undertaken to combat these adverse condi-

Page 29

6.1 STRATEGIC OPTIONS | DEVELOPMENT OF TWO OPTIONS

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 66 : Conceptual Diagram of Option 01 Strategy Plan- Church Street Sppine

6.1.1 Option 01- Church Street Spine Option 01 for the Strategic Plan focuses on developing the commercial core of the Parramatta CBD along Church Street as the spine. The strategic plan for Central City is progressive and aims at improving the existing economic assets of Westmead and Parramatta CBD. The plans focus on establishing Westmead as a major health and educational destination in Greater Sydney.

The introduction of the University of Sydney in Westmead and Parramatta North Urban Transformation precinct will define the Central City as an educational hub.

Page 30

6.1 STRATEGIC OPTIONS | DEVELOPMENT OF TWO OPTIONS

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 67 : Conceptual Diagram of Option 02 Strategy Plan- Parramatta Park Radial

6.1.2 Option 02- Parramatta Park Radial Option 02 for the Strategic Plan focuses on developing the commercial core around the Parramatta park in a radial pattern. The strategic plan for Central City is to invite new economy, apart from strengthening the existing commercial cores. The radiating development around Paramatta Park will define the Central City as a polycentric model with multiple significant precincts as nodes.

Page 31

6.2 STRATEGIC OPTION 01 | PHASING

206,120

5,995

259,950 (am)

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

326,420 (pm)

Figure 68 : Phase 01 of Strategic Plan Option 01

318,405

44,163

382,374 (am)

479,045 (pm)

Figure 69 : Phase 02 of Strategic Plan Option 01

356,500

65,000

469,500 (am)

587,200 (pm)

Figure 70 : Phase 03 of Strategic Plan Option 01

Page 32

6.2 STRATEGIC OPTION 01 | PHASING

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGENDS FOR FIGURE 68-70

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

LIVEABILITY

EXISTING ASSETS EXPANDED COMMERCIAL CORE TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES MEDIUM DENSITY MIXED USE

CONNECTIVITY TRAIN STATION

RIVER/CREEK

RECREATIONAL

GREEN

PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL

POTENTIAL GREEN

CULTURAL PRECINCT MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL POTENTIAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

RAILWAY SITE BOUNDARY EXISTING CYCLE NETWORK PROPOSED CYCLE NETWORK POTENTIAL CONNECTION POTENTIAL WALKWAYS EXISTING T-WAY PROPOSED T-WAY EXTENSION

M

METRO LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01

F

EXISTING FERRY EXISTING WATERWAY PROPOSED WATERWAY

Phase 1 100% 90% 80%

Phase 2

Phase 3

11% 31%

32%

34%

70% 60%

33%

50%

PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL

40%

PROPOSED BOULEVARD

30%

59% 58% 33%

20% 10%

9%

0%

Economy

Liveability

Connectivity

Figure 71 : Growth Distribution of Option 01

6.2.1 Option 01 – Three Phases Phase 01 (0-10 Years) The first phase of the strategic plan for Central City emphasises on the economic growth of Greater Parramatta. The plan focuses on increasing the capacity of the existing heavy rail network by 25% in the first phase and introducing the Sydney West metro line. The residential precinct to the east of Westmead hospital will be developed as a medium density residential precinct aiming to provide dwellings to the workers. A new wetland will be introduced to the south of Baludarri wetland to combat the severe flooding.

Phase 02 (11-20 Years) Mixed-use developments adhering to transitional FSR will be proposed to the east and west of the commercial core along Church Street before transitioning into the residential zones. The plan focuses on increasing the capacity of the existing heavy rail network by 50% and introducing a second metro line from Norwest- Bankstown- Kogarah.

Medium density residences will be proposed close to the hi-tech industry and in east Parramatta along with the open spaces. Boulevards along Isabella street will be introduced to connect the parkland and the cultural core of PNUT.

Phase 03 (21-30 Years) The mixed-use development is proposed to expand along Victoria road in phase 3. Medium density housing proposed in between the Parramatta River and Victoria road caters to the student accommodation of Western Sydney University. The plan focuses on increasing the capacity of the existing heavy rail network by 75% and will introduce a third metro line from Epping to Campbelltown.

Boulevard along MacArthur Street will improve the walkability in the precinct and also create a link from the network of Green spaces to the Parramatta River.

Page 33

6.2 STRATEGIC OPTION 02 | PHASING

214,110

14,450

259,950 (am)

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

326,420 (pm)

Figure 72 : Phase 01 of Strategic Plan Option 02

310,220

42,410

382,374 (am)

479,045 (pm)

Figure 73 : Phase 02 of Strategic Plan Option 02

348,780

65,900

469,500 (am)

587,200 (pm)

Figure 74 : Phase 03 of Strategic Plan Option 02

Page 34

6.2 STRATEGIC OPTION 02 | PHASING

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGENDS FOR FIGURE 72-74

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

LIVEABILITY

EXISTING ASSETS EXPANDED COMMERCIAL CORE TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES MEDIUM DENSITY MIXED USE

CONNECTIVITY

RIVER/CREEK

RECREATIONAL

GREEN

PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL

POTENTIAL GREEN

CULTURAL PRECINCT MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

TRAIN STATION

POTENTIAL CIVIC CENTRE

RAILWAY

POTENTIAL PUBLIC PLAZA

SITE BOUNDARY

PROPOSED NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

EXISTING CYCLE NETWORK PROPOSED CYCLE NETWORK POTENTIAL CONNECTION POTENTIAL WALKWAYS EXISTING T-WAY PROPOSED T-WAY EXTENSION

M

METRO LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01

F

Phase 1 100% 90% 80% 70%

EXISTING FERRY

60%

EXISTING WATERWAY

50%

PROPOSED WATERWAY

40%

PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL

30%

PROPOSED BOULEVARD

Phase 2

Phase 3

11% 28%

61%

36%

42%

20%

22%

10%

34%

33%

33%

0%

Economy

Liveability

Connectivity

Figure 75 : Growth Distribution of Option 02

6.2.2 Option 02 – Three Phases Phase 01 (0-10 Years) The commercial core of the Parramatta CBD develops along the Church Street and to the west of Parramatta Park, initiating the radial pattern. The strategies for connectivity remain the same as Option 1’s except the location of Westmead metro station which in Option 1 mainly serves the hospital and industry, while in option 02 it caters to the expansion of the commercial core and is hence located along the Hawkesbury Road. Two blocks will be redesigned, and a linear park has been introduced along the Westmead station to establish a direct connection to Parramatta Park from the station. This linear Park will also provide a vibrant welcome to the new expansion of the CBD in Westmead.

Phase 02 (11-20 Years) The medium density housing has replaced the big box retail in the north of Church Street. Western Sydney University has been flanked by medium density housing to serve the students. Boulevards along Isabella street,

McArthur street have been introduced to connect the parkland to the foreshore. In this particular option, Three Neighbourhood centres have been introduced- in Wentworthville, North Parramatta and East Parramatta to serve the local communities.

Phase 03 (21-30 Years) The mixed-use development further expands along the Pendle Hill Road in phase 3. High-density residential has been proposed along Victoria Road. Medium density housing catering to the student accommodation of Western Sydney University and in Wentworthville is further expanded.

Page 35

6.3 STRATEGIC OPTIONS | COMPARISON

Pattern

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Option 1

Option 2

Option 01-Church Street Spine

Option 02-Parramatta Park Radial

Jobs

356,500

348,780

Total Housing

65,000

65,900

Affordable Housing (20%)

13,000

13,180

Social Housing (5%)

3250

3300

Transport Capacity (AM)

469,500

469,500

Transport Capacity (PM)

587,200

587,200

Total Area

945 ha

945 ha

Green Open Space

143 ha

140 ha

PROS

PROS

Large linear commercial core along Church Street enabling expansion

Strong radial connection with Parramatta Park as the centre

Diverse economy by introducing creative industry and

Parramatta Park as the central core of the commercial development

Tech research industry in Westmead Multiple town centres serving the surrounding neighbourhoods Strong North-South connection with extension of light

Increase in the active means of transport by introduction of boulevards and cycleways

rail along Church Street Stronger measures taken to combat adverse climatic conditions

CONS

CONS

Pressure on Church Street due to commercial expansion

Limitations for the future expansion of the commercial core

Limited number of town centres

Replacement of Business Enterprise Corridor in North Parramatta with housing

Absence of gradual transition from Commercial Core to Housing in North Parramatta

Light industry in Westmead replaced by ustry with educational precinct

Table 01 : Two Options comparison with BAU Central City and Harbour City Page 36

6.3 STRATEGIC OPTIONS | COMPARISON

BAU Central City District Plan

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Harbour City 2017

Two primary cores

Primary commercial core

190,000

394,695

50,000

43,778

5,000

1,253

2,550

2,550

230,000

264,472

287,400 945 ha

936 ha

140 ha

131 ha

PROS

PROS

Two well established commercial cores

Good regional and local connectivity with multiple transit options

Retention of the Business Enterprise Corridor and light industries

Well established diverse economy

Parramatta North Urban Transformation

Vibrant and safe streets supporting active means of transport

Light rail connecting the major economic cores

Accessibility to diverse open spaces

CONS

CONS

Limitations for the future expansion of the commercial core

Limited housing options

Limited regional and local connectivity

Rapid commercialisation overshadowing existing heritage

Minimal measures taken to combat adverse climatic conditions

Congested car dominated roads

Absence of diverse housing options Limited access to Parramatta Park and River Absence of diverse economy Unavailability of diverse transport options

Page 37

6.3 STRATEGIC OPTIONS | COMPARISON

600000 500000

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Transport Capacity (AM)

Transport Capacity (PM)

469500

600000

469500

230000

142

136

320000

287400

134

0 Op�on 2

Central City 2048

Harbour City

130 128 126

Op�on 1

Op�on 2

Central City 2048

124

Harbour City

394695

14000

60000

348780

50000

50000

300000

6000

Op�on 2

Option 1

Central City 2048

0

Harbour City

Option 2

BAU Central City

5000

4000

10000 Op�on 1

13180

8000

20000

0

13000

10000

30000

100000

Harbour City

12000

43778

40000 190000

Central City 2048

16000

65900

65000

Op�on 2

Affordable Housing

80000 70000

200000

Op�on 1

Total Housing

Jobs 500000

356500

131

132

100000

Op�on 1

140

138

200000

100000

140

140

300000

200000

400000

587200

400000

300000

300000

143

144

587200

500000

400000

0

Green Open Space

700000

1253

2000

Op�on 1

Op�on 2

Central City 2048

0

Harbour City

Op�on 1

Op�on 2

Central City 2048

Harbour City

Harbour City

Figure 76 : Two Options comparison with BAU Central City and Harbour City

6.3 Comparison with BAU Central City and Harbour City

LEGEND

The Spider diagram reveals that both the strategic options perform excellently and equally in connectivity and housing. Option 1 fares better than option 2 in terms of the growing economy and in managing to flood. While option 2 fares better in providing active means of transport and creating safer and vibrant streets.

BUILT-UNBUILT BALANCE

INNOVATIVE

ECONOMY

BAU CENTRAL CITY DISTRICT PLAN OPTION 01 CHURCH STREET SPINE OPTION 02 PARRAMATTA PARK RADIAL

WSUD HEAT ISLAND EFFECT MITIGATION

PROGRESSIVE

ENVIRONMENT

DIVERSE ECOLOGY

DIVERSE ECONOMY

ACCESSIBILITY

VIBRANCY

REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

SAFETY LIVEABILITY

CONNECTIVITY DIVERSE TRANSPORT OPTIONS

DIVERSE HOUSING

TRANSIT EFFICIENCY

MULTI-CULTURAL ACTIVE MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Figure 77 : Two Options comparison with BAU Central City Page 38

7.0 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

LEGENDS TRAIN STATION RAILWAY SITE BOUNDARY RIVER/CREEK

CULTURAL PRECINCT MIXED USE MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL EXPANDED COMMERCIAL CORE

GREEN

HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

HEALTH PRECINCT

POTENTIAL CIVIC CENTRE

PROPOSED GREEN TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES RECREATIONAL EDUCATIONAL

PROPOSED NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

M

METRO LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01 PROPOSED LIGHT RAIL POTENTIAL PUBLIC PLAZA

Figure 78 : Final Strategic Plan Page 39

7.0 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN

7.0 Rationale behind deriving the final strategic plan The earlier comparison in Page 36-38 reflects on the difference between the output of the two options against the Central City District Plan. This information also reinforces the idea that the two proposed options aim at achieving the same output with different concepts of development. The figures also show us that the two proposed strategic options have surpassed the Central City District Plan to achieve its vision of becoming the second CBD in comparison to the existing Harbour CBD. All this analysis brings us to the final strategic plan derived from the two options seen earlier. Comparing merits and demerits of both options, the final strategic plan has taken the merits of each. For example, similar to option 01, the final plan supports a diverse economy like introducing biotech starts ups in Westmead. Discarding the mono-centric spatial organisation of option 01,the final plan follows the polycentric spatial organisation of Option 02.

The core commercial expansion in option 01 exerts pressure on Church Street . Therefore, the final plan follows option 02 where the expansion develops around

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

the park enhancing the importance of the Parramatta Park.

The final plan adopts the proposal of polycentric approach of Option 02 with multiple town centres serving the surrounding neighbourhoods as opposed to Option 01.

However, the final plan still imitates the North-South connections of Option 01 while maintaining the strong radial connection with Parramatta Park as the centre as option 02.

On the whole, the spatial organisation of the final strategic plan is primarily inspired by the polycentric model in Option 02. However, some strategic actions are drawn from Option 01 such as the introduction of biotech start-ups in Westmead and mixed-use in North Parramatta to strengthen the North-South connectivity in the chosen polycentric radial model.

Page 40

7.1 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | ECONOMY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Action 2.3

Action 2.1

Action 1.3

Action 3.1

02

01

Action 2.2

Action 1.2

Action 1.1

Action 1.4

Figure 79 : Strategic Actions for Economy LEGEND Existing educational precinct

Proposed cultural and innovative Industrial precinct

Proposed educational precinct

Night economic precinct

Existing health precinct Proposed industrial precinct Supporting health precinct Existing CBD

Proposed neighbourhood centre Green space

Expanded commercial core

01

Figure 80: Night Time Economy Precedent: Yarra river, Melbourne Source- Visit Melbourne, 2018

Active street frontage

01

Figure 81: Heritage buildings adaptive reuse Precedent : Carriagewoks, Sydney Source- Concrete Playground, 2017

02

Figure 82: Flexible office design for the tech industry Precedent: Unilever Office- Zurich, Switzerland

Source- office snapshots, 2012

Page 41

7.1 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | ECONOMY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.1 Economy Strategic Actions Action 1.2. Expand commercial core in Westmead to establish a radial pattern to enable the growth of the tech industry

Central City 2050 will ‘invite commerce' (Refer to vision statement in Page 25) through key strategic actions like the expansion of the commercial core of Parramatta CBD including the tech, finance and government sector along Church Street and to the west of Parramatta Park characterised predominantly by A- Grade office spaces. The commercial spaces have been developed with flexible office spaces for the tech industry. The Unilever Office in Zurich is an excellent example of it ( Figure 82) ( Case Study 12.1).

Action 1.3. Develop Church Street as the economic spine of the central CBD to align with the location of the masstransit stations Action 1.4. Introduction of the recreational precinct featuring casinos, restaurants and cultural precinct comprising museums and cultural centres to support night time economy along Parramatta River

Night time economy along the Parramatta River ( Figure 80, creative industry in Parramatta North (Figure 81) and the research and development sector in Westmead are introduced to diversify the existing economy. Transitional FSR has been proposed in the creative industry around the heritage precincts to protect the heritage. The upcoming MAAS museum and the proposed riverfront development based on Parramatta city river strategy will act as catalysts to activate the recreational and cultural precinct to support the economy . The existing light industrial precinct in Westmead has been transformed into an innovation district supporting collaboration of the education and health sectors with the introduction of the MedTech and biotech start-ups ( Case Study 12.2).

Objective 02. Enhance and expand existing health and education facilities at Westmead and the rest of Greater Parramatta by providing education and research opportunities Action 2.1 Redevelop Westmead by offering 1 million square meters of working space for the provision of better health care and generate more jobs Action 2.2. Enhance the current educational precinct by the expansion of the Western Sydney University and introduction of the University of Sydney in Westmead Action 2.3. Introduce research & development precinct to attract MedTech and biotech start-ups enabling collaboration between the health and education sectors supporting the Westmead hospital

Objective 01. Support commercial development by the expansion of the Parramatta CBD by increasing the available retail floor space to captivate more business to Central City

Objective 03. Develop heritage and cultural core with Parramatta North as the focus

Action 1.1. Expand the existing commercial core in Parramatta CBD by the provision of A-grade office spaces catering to government, finance and legal industry

Action 3.1 Introduce the University of Sydney and creative industry in the cultural core by the adaptive reuse of the heritage structures

40,000 11%

30,000

8%

21%

80,000

15,000 4%

60,000

386,700

16% 5%

35%

130,000

Total jobs

20,000 Commercial - Tech Crea�ve industry

Commercial - Finance + Govt Retail + Hospitality

Biotech industry Educa�on

Health

Figure 83 : Job Distribution in Central City 2050 Page 42

7.2 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | CONNECTIVITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Action 5.1

Action 6.1 05

01 03

04 02

Action 4.2 Action 5.2

Action 4.1

Action 5.3 Action 6.2

Action 6.3 Action 4.2

Action 4.3

Action 4.2

Figure 84 : Strategic Actions for Connectivity LEGEND Existing crossing on parramatta river

Proposed cycling way

Potential crossing on parramatta river

Ferry line

Existing railway

Enhanced pedestrian link

Light rail stage 1

M

Existing t-way

Light rail station

Proposed t-way

F

Existing cycling way

01

Figure 85: Light Rail ; Precedent:Angers, France

Source- Story blocks, 2019

04

Figure 88: Digital Connectivity; Precedent: Link NYC, New York Source- Link NYC, 2019

Proposed metro station Rail station

Proposed light rail

Wharf Proposed boulevard Proposed fine grains

02

03

Figure 86: Active Means of Transport;

Figure 87: Water Connectivity;

Source- Nacto, n.d.

Source- Amsterdam Canal Cruises, 2018

Precedent: Ninth Avenue, New York

Precedent: Canal cruise, Amsterdam

05

Figure 89: Transport interchange, London Source- Google Street view

Page 43

7.2 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | CONNECTIVITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.2 Connectivity Strategic Actions Central City 2050 will be ‘well-connected’ (Refer to vision statement in Page 25) through key strategic actions like strengthening the local and regional connectivity. In terms of regional connectivity, the strategic plan aims at increasing the capacity of the existing heavy rail network by 75% over three phases and introduction of three new metro lines connecting Central City 2050 with Greater Sydney.

The proposed actions will support approximately 469,500 commuters during the morning peak hour and 587,200 commuters in the evening peak hours, thus reducing the dependence on road networks.

The strategy proposes an extension to the committed phase 1 of Parramatta Light Rail along Church Street to strengthen the north-south connectivity. The only existing T-way to Rouse Hill has been expanded by the introduction of 4 new routes, providing multiple transit options to the commuters.

The primary concern is to reduce the car dominance in the area which has been dealt by strengthening the active means of transport by the introduction of dedicated bicycle lanes (Figure 86), and some large blocks have been fragmented with pedestrian links. New boulevards and active street frontages are proposed concurrently with the proposed development to ensure improved walkability across Central City 2050. Public bicycle sharing systems have been proposed in the city to strengthen the active means of transport. In terms of digital connectivity, an improved high-speed free Wi-Fi and telecommunication network has been proposed (Figure 88) (Case Study 12.3).

Objective 04: Enhance regional connectivity of Greater Parramatta to Harbour City and Western Parkland city through intensification of existing regional connections and provision of new mass transit links Action 4.1. Improve the performance of the existing heavy rail network by 75% by increasing the frequency and capacity over 30 years to strengthen regional connectivity Action 4.2. Extend the committed Sydney West Metro line connecting Harbour City - Westmead to Penrith and introduce two new metro lines Norwest- Bankstown- Kogarah and Epping – Campbelltown

Objective 05: Improve local connectivity by introducing diverse means of transport Action 5.1. Extend the committed first phase of Parramatta Light Rail along Church Street to support the proposed economic growth.

Action 5.2. Expand the T-way loops by the introduction of 4 new routes for better connectivity to the surrounding neighbourhoods Action 5.3. Introduce small river cruises along Parramatta River for water connectivity and riverfront activation Objective 06. Strengthen active means of transport in Greater Parramatta Action 6.1. Fragmentation of Westmead health precinct with the creation of a fine-grained pedestrian street network to improve walkability Action 6.2. Introduce new East-West pedestrian pathways in the Parramatta Park to connect Westmead health precinct and Parramatta CBD Action 6.3. Introduce new North-South lane-ways for better connectivity to the river foreshore Action 6.4. Expansion of the existing bicycle network in Central City to integrate it with the regional bicycle network Action 6.5. Upgrade streets like Darcy Road, Isabella Street, Fennel Street and MacArthur Street to boulevards to improve the walkability in the precinct Action 6.6. Introduce rental public bicycle sharing system in Central City to encourage active means of transport Objective 07. Improve digital connectivity Action 7.1. Create high-speed free Wi-Fi and telecommunication network in public spaces like the waterfront recreational and cultural precinct, PNUT precinct, neighbourhood centres and universities

Action 4.3. Increase the services of the ferry from and to Central City to strengthen the idea of ‘River City’ Page 44

7.2.1 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 90: Regional Connectivity by Central City 2050 LEGEND Project site

Existing t-way

Metropolitan centre

Proposed t-way Existing heavy rail

Metropolitan cluster

Proposed metro link

Proposed metro station

+3

+ 75 % Heavy rail

AM 469, 500

Metro

Committed metro link

+4 T - way routes

+ 2 lines Light rail

PM 587, 200

Figure 91: Connectivity Target by Central City 2050

Page 45

7.3 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | LIVEABILITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.3 Liveability Strategic Actions Central City 2050 will be ‘inclusive’ (Refer vision statement in Page 25) through key strategic actions like increasing and diversifying housing, protecting and celebrating the heritage, providing social infrastructure and improving the public domain.

To complement the proposed growth and development, the housing supply has been increased to 77,500 dwellings (Refer to Table 02 for the detailed housing numbers).

High-density residential zones have been introduced in and around Westmead health precinct and Western Sydney University education precinct to cater to workers and students. High-density mixed-use residential zones are proposed in North Parramatta and East Parramatta to align with the transport interchanges. The scheme aims to provide 20% affordable housing and 5% social housing for very low-income and low-income households.

Phase

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

To celebrate and preserve the heritage, Parramatta North Urban Transformation facilitates the growth of the creative industry through adaptive reuse of the heritage buildings.

To respect the indigenous history, Burramatta Museum has been proposed along Parramatta River next To MAAS and to respect the diverse population civic centres have been introduced. The Parramatta foreshore is proposed to develop as a continuous recreational riverfront.

Three neighbourhood centres flanked by residential zones have been developed with amenities for the surrounding residents inspired by the liveability study of City of Melbourne where residents can walk to community facilities. These neighbourhood centres to the core commercial area through boulevards and active street frontages.

Precinct Name

FSR

Number of dwellings

Affordable housing

Parramatta CBD riverfront (Mixed use) Westmead (High density) Church St and Victoria St (Mixed use) PNUT (Mixed use) North Parramatta (Mixed use) Westmead (High density) Wentworthville (Mixed use) Wentworthville (High density) WSU (High density) WSU (Medium density) Isabella St (Medium density) Penant Hill (High density) Old age home (Medium density) Westmead (Medium density)

4

7716

1543

4

3235

647

3

10280

2056

2

1047

209

3

9240

1848

5

7105

1421

5

2854

571

5

2819

564

5

4637

927

3

4133

827

3

8261

1652

5

7267

1453

2

2245

449

3

6875

1375

Table 02 : Detailed Housing Number in Central City 2050 Page 46

7.3 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | LIVEABILITY Action 9.1

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Action 9.2

Action 8.1

Action 10.1

Action 9.1

Action 9.3

Action 9.1

05

06 01 04

02 03

Action 8.1

Action 9.3

Action 9.5

Action 9.4

Action 9.3

Action 9.6

Action 10.2

Action 8.1

Figure 92 : Strategic Actions for Liveability LEGEND Existing school

Proposed neighbourhood centre

Potential student accommodation site

Night economic precinct

Shop top housing

Culture precinct

High density residential

Green space

Medium density residential

New urban space Proposed boulevard

Potential civic centre

01

Figure 93: Neighbourhood centre Town centre, Maryland

Source- WDG Architects, 2007

04

02

03

Figure 94: Active river-front

Figure 95:Lane-way activation

Source- Sasaki, 2015

Source- Travel insider, 2018

Chicago river-walk, Chicago

05

Lane-way, Melbourne

06

Figure 96: Public plaza

Figure 97: Heritage as cultural precincts

Figure 98: Medium density housing

Source- Sierra Club, 2018

Source- Head on, 2019

Source- Lloyd Alter, 2017

City public square, New York

Paddington reservoir, Sydney

Vienna housing

Page 47

7.3 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | LIVEABILITY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Objective 08 Provide housing for the increasing population with diverse and affordable housing typologies in Central City to cater to students and workers population with an addition of approximately 60,000 dwellings

Action 9.4. Create high-speed free wifi network in public spaces like the waterfront recreational and cultural precinct, PNUT precinct and neighbourhood centres to strengthen social connections through virtual forums

Action 8.1. Provide diverse accommodation for workers in Westmead health precinct, students near educational precincts and serviced apartments in Parramatta CBD

Action 9.5. Upgrade amenities in Parramatta park and increase its porosity by new connections connecting Westmead and Parramatta CBD

Action 8.2. Provide 20% of the overall number of dwellings as affordable housing and 5% as social housing to cater to low-income households

Action 9.6. Develop active street frontage for vibrant and safer streets

Objective 09 Provide social infrastructure and services that cater to diverse communities

Objective 10.

Create destinations that support the rich heritage of Greater Parramatta

Action 9.1. Introduce neighbourhood centres in Westmead, North Parramatta and East Parramatta for the surrounding residential precincts

Action 10.1. Introduce creative industry for celebrating art & culture in Parramatta Gaol and Female factory

Action 9.2. Upgrade the Toongabbie creek edge with accessible public open space in Westmead and Wentworthville precincts Action 9.3. Upgrade streets like Darcy Road, Isabella Street, Fennel Street and MacArthur Street to boulevards to improve the walkability in the precinct and connect the green open spaces

Action 10.2. Introduce cultural museum for the indigenous history of Burramatta next to MAAS and cultural centre along Parramatta River Action 10.3. Retain the existing local and state heritage items through adaptive reuse Housing composi�on

15,800

21 % 37,800

77,600

49 %

Total dwellings

30 %

Affordable housing 15,500 23,250

MediumMedium Densitydensity

High density Mixed use High Density

Social housing 3,880

Mixed Use

Figure 99 : Housing Composition in Central City 2050

Page 48

7.4 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | ENVIRONMENT Action 12.2

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Action 12.3

Action 12.4

Action 13.1

Action 13.2

Action 12.1

02

06 03

01

04 05

Action 12.5

Action 12.6

Action 12.5

Action 11.1

Action 13.3

Action 13.1

Action 13.3

Figure 100 : Strategic Actions for Environment LEGEND Upgraded green space/ park

Strengthened accessibility

Green edge of street

New urban space

Existing crossing

Existing entrance

Proposed crossing

Waterfront redevelopment 01

02

Heat island affected area 03

Figure 101: Flood mitigation open space Figure 102 : Active creek front

Figure 103 : Linear Park

Source- Land Process, 2017

Source- Prabhakar Bhagwat, 2016

Chulalongkorn Park, Bangkok 04

Figure 104: Flood water retention infrastructure

Chulalongkorn Park, Bangkok Source- Land Process, 2017

Figure 107 : Enhanced Green Grid

Cheonggyecheon Stream, Seoul Source- Bridgette Meinhold, 2010

05

Figure 105: Creek Remodel

Kallang River Bishan Park, Singapore

Source- Dezeen , 2012

Linear Park, Mumbai 06

Figure 106: Wetland for floor mitigation

Johnstons creek, Annandale Source- Google street view

+ 35 %

+5

+ 14 ha

Tree canopy

Water retention structure

Open space

Figure 108 : Green Infrastructure in Central City 2050

Page 49

7.4 STRATEGIC ACTIONS | ENVIRONMENT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.4 Environment Strategic Actions Central City 2050 will be ‘sustainable’ (Refer to vision statement in Page 25) through key strategic actions governed by three principles - mitigate, enhance and introduce.

The primary task of mitigating the impacts of hazards like flooding is addressed by the introduction of flood retention infrastructure like storm-water Retention Park with altered topography and green roofs enabling water collection (Case Study 12.4) and wetlands (Case Study 12.5) along Parramatta River and water squares in Parramatta CBD. Urban heat island effect has been mitigated by aggressively increasing the tree canopy cover in Parramatta CBD, Westmead health precinct and North Parramatta by 25%.

The quality of the existing natural features like Parramatta Park has been enhanced by the upgrade of the amenities and by the provision of better connections. Parramatta River has been enhanced with new waterfront developments and better connections across and along the river by small river cruises. Lastly, several green spaces, urban plazas and boulevards have been introduced to establish an extensive green grid which fits into the regional green grid.

Objective 11 Revitalise the ecology and biodiversity of primary natural assets like Parramatta Park and river Action 11.1. Upgrade Parramatta Park with improved connections to establish a comprehensive pedestrian and cycle network connecting Westmead and Parramatta CBD Action 11.2. Redevelop Parramatta River foreshore to activate the river edge, to revive the riparian ecosystem and to mitigate flooding by the introduction of water sensitive urban design Objective 12.

Create a network of green open spaces within Greater Parramatta and link it to the regional Green Grid Action 12.1. Improve the facilities at existing open spaces to serve the surrounding residential precincts Action 12.2. Replace certain large surface car parks in Westmead health precinct with urban landscaped plazas and green open spaces to intensify the green grid network and mitigate the urban heat island effect

Action 12.4. Introduce a new open space along the North Parramatta town centre to establish a green connection to Lake Parramatta Action 12.5. Design new urban plazas and civic spaces at key strategic locations like local centres, transport interchanges linked by boulevards Action 12.6. Introduce a linear park to strengthen the connectivity to Parramatta park from Westmead Station Objective 13.

Respond to climatic hazards like flooding and mitigate heat island effect Action 13.1. Increase tree canopy by tree planting along streets to reduce heat island effect Action 13.2. Remodel the creek edge with an additional setback to mitigate flooding and connect the green spaces to Parramatta River foreshore Action 13.3. Introduce new wetlands, water squares and flood retention parks along Parramatta River to combat flooding Action 13.4. Introduce porous pavements along the street edges to absorb the stormwater run-off Action 13.5. Redesign the existing drainage infrastructure by increasing its capacity and providing new storage tanks throughout the flood-prone areas Objective 14.

Introduce sustainable practices for water and waste management and to minimise greenhouse gas emissions Action 14.1. Develop mandatory sustainability design guidelines for all future developments to feature rainwater harvesting systems, water recycling and waste management units Action 14.2. Improve the use of renewable sources of energy and water recycling strategies through community engagement and education programs

Action 12.3. Upgrade the Toongabbie creek edge with accessible public open space further strengthening the foreshore activation Page 50

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 01

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

CENTRAL CITY 2050 - Phase 1 (0-10 years)

LEGEND ECONOMY

CONNECTIVITY

Health precinct Expanded commercial core

Railway

Mixed use

Site boundary Existing cycle network

Recreational

River/creek

Educational

Green

Cultural precinct

Potential green

High density residential

Proposed cycle network

Proposed educational

Potential connection

Potential public plaza

Potential walkways Existing t-way

Neighbourhood centre

Proposed t-way extension

M

ENVIRONMENT

LIVEABILITY

Train station

Civic centre

Metro Light rail phase 01

F

Existing ferry Existing waterway Proposed waterway Proposed boulevard

Figure 109 : Final strategic plan - Phase 01

252,700*

+11,000

+ 25 %

+1

+4

+1

High density 3,500 Mixed use 7,500

259,950 (am)

+ 20 %

326,420 (pm)

+3

+ 5 ha

* Cumulative of existing and Phase 01

Page 51

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 01

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.5 Phasing of the final strategic plan The final targets for the Central City 2050 strategic plan are executed in three phases over 30 years. Each phase of development is of 10 years interval. The following phasing maps (Figure 109-111) help in understanding how all the four themes- economy, connectivity, liveability and sustainability are aligned together in each phase of development.

7.5.1 Phase 01 (0-10 YEARS) Phase 01 aims primarily to improve the economy and deliver supporting appropriate and adequate infrastructures. In order to establish Central City 2050 as a metropolitan centre, the commercial core of Parramatta CBD will be developed along Church Street in line with the committed stage one of Parramatta Light Rail with the enhanced Parramatta Park at its focus. The Parramatta CBD will expand with an addition in A-grade office spaces supporting the new 30,000 jobs in the government, finance and legal sectors. The tech industry will develop along Church Street with an addition of 25,000 new jobs. Phase 1 of the plan focuses on the development of the recreational and cultural precinct along Parramatta riverfront. The recreational and cultural precinct along Parramatta riverfront will be developed in lieu with the development of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences (MAAS) scheduled to open in 2023. (City of Parramatta, n.d.) The development of the recreational and cultural precinct enables activation of the foreshore as well as supports the night time economy (Retail + Hospitality jobs- 30,000). Westmead health precinct will be redeveloped to support the addition of 20,000 more jobs. The addition of the creative industry and the introduction of the University of Sydney in PNUT will further aid in diversifying the economy. On whole, the addition of new jobs 154,800 to the existing achieves the phase 01 job target of 252,700.

The capacity of the existing heavy rail network will be increased by 25% in the 1st phase to support the increase in number of jobs ( Refer to Table 08 in Appendix C). The Sydney West Metro Line will be introduced with two stations at Parramatta and Westmead. The services of the ferry from Harbour City to Central City will be increased to facilitate better regional connectivity. Four new T-way loops will be introduced along the periphery of the site and connecting to regional centres like Ryde and Epping to serve the residential development. Several pedestrian links will be introduced for better connectivity to Parramatta Park and Parramatta River. The large Westmead health

precinct block will be fragmented to support walkability by the introduction of pedestrian links. The existing open spaces will be upgraded, and a few new open spaces will be introduced in the Westmead health precinct. Two blocks will be redesigned in Westmead, along Parramatta park to achieve clearer urban legibility and better connectivity, and a linear park will be introduced along the Westmead station to establish a direct connection to Parramatta Park from the station.

High-density residential with 3500 dwellings will be developed in Westmead to accommodate the growing worker and student population. High rise mixed use along the Parramatta riverfront will provide 7500 more dwellings to support the growing number of jobs in Parramatta CBD. To support the increasing population in Westmead, a neighbourhood centre will be established with an open space connecting to Toongabbie creek. The introduction of the Burramatta Museum, MAAS and upgrading the Riverside Theatre along with adaptive reuse of key heritage buildings in PNUT for the creative industry will strengthen the cultural precinct in Central City 2050.

The amenities of the existing green spaces in East Parramatta will be upgraded to cater to the surrounding residential population. Tree planting along streets and open spaces will be undertaken in Parramatta CBD and Westmead health precinct to increase the tree canopy cover by 20% to reduce the urban heat island effect. To mitigate flooding storm-water Retention Park with the Burramatta Museum will be introduced along Parramatta River. A new wetland will be introduced to the south of Baludarri wetland to combat severe flooding in Parramatta CBD. Introduction of boulevards along George Street and Darcy Road aim at mitigating the heat island effect as well as improving the active means of transport in the precinct.

Phase 1 will also focus on initiating the upgrade of the existing drainage system and introduction of new storm-water storage tanks in Parramatta CBD.

Page 52

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 2

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

CENTRAL CITY 2050 - Phase 2 (11-20 years)

LEGEND ECONOMY

CONNECTIVITY

Health precinct Expanded commercial core

Railway

Mixed use

Site boundary Existing cycle network Proposed cycle network

Recreational

River/creek

Educational

Green

Cultural precinct

Potential green

Proposed educational

Potential connection

Potential public plaza

Potential walkways Existing t-way

Neighbourhood centre

Proposed t-way extension

M

ENVIRONMENT

LIVEABILITY

Train station

Civic centre

Metro Light rail phase 01

F

Existing ferry Existing waterway Proposed waterway Proposed boulevard

Figure 110 : Final strategic plan - Phase 02

363,700*

+42,500

+ 50 %

+1

+1

High density +11,900 Mixed use +30,600

382,374 (am)

+ 10 %

+2

479,045 (pm)

+ 7 ha

* Cumulative 0f existing, Phase 01 and Phase 02

Page 53

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 2

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.5.2 Phase 02 (11-20 YEARS) Phase 02 primarily focuses on diversifying the economy, introducing diverse housing options and providing social infrastructure. The commercial core supporting tech, finance and legal sectors (25,000 jobs) will expand further around Parramatta Park as an infill to complete the radial commercial development. The existing facilities at Westmead Health and Educational Precinct will further intensify by an increase in medical facilities and the introduction of the University of Sydney adding 20,000 more jobs. The existing light industrial precinct in Westmead will also be transformed to allow the introduction of the biomedical industry (20,000 jobs) supporting MedTech and biotech start-ups aiding in the research and development at Westmead. Mixed-use developments will be proposed to the east and west of the commercial core along Church Street before transitioning into the residential zones. The mixed-use development also adheres to the transitional FSR, which has been recommended in the heritage study conducted by Urbis for the Parramatta CBD planning proposal (Urbis, 2015). This transitional FSR respects the North Parramatta and Sorrell Street conservation areas.

Western Sydney University will be flanked by mixed-use to serve the students. On whole, the addition of new jobs 111,000 to the existing achieves the phase 02 job target of 363,700.

serve the local communities.

Tree canopy cover will be further increased by 10% by planting in the new biomedical industry precinct and the mixed-used in North Parramatta to reduce the heat island effect. Several blocks in North Parramatta will be refined to support walkability in the precinct. The creek edge near Victoria Street will be remodelled by increasing in setback and introducing green open space to mitigate the flooding.

Several new urban open spaces accompanying the neighbourhood centres will be introduced. Boulevards along Isabella Street, Fennel Street and McArthur Street will be introduced to connect the open green spaces and to connect the residential precincts to the foreshore. Porous pavements along the street edge and in new developments will be added to reduce the storm-water runoff. The new developments will emphasise on the introduction of water and waste management systems as well as the use of renewable sources of energy.

The capacity of the existing heavy rail network will be further increased by 50% ( Refer to Table 09 in Appendix C). A second metro line will be introduced from NorwestBankstown - Kogarah with a station located at the north of Church Street supporting the transformation of the big box retail into a mixed-use development. The second phase of light rail will extend along Church Street, improving the north-south connectivity. Free- wifi zones will be introduced in the neighbourhood centres and in the educational precincts to cater to the local community.

To support the vast increase in the economy 42,500 new dwellings will be introduced in the city. 11,900 Dwellings will be located in the high-density residential zones in Wentworthville and Westmead supporting the workers of biomedical industry and universities respectively. 30,600 dwellings will be constructed in the mixed-use development along Church Street and Victoria Street. Two neighbourhood centres with social infrastructure and community facilities like libraries and child care centres will be introduced in North Parramatta and East Parramatta to

Page 54

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 3

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

CENTRAL CITY 2050 - Phase 3 (21-30 years)

LEGEND ECONOMY

CONNECTIVITY

Health precinct Expanded commercial core

Railway

Mixed use

Site boundary Existing cycle network Proposed cycle network

Recreational

River/creek

Educational

Green

Cultural precinct

Potential green

Proposed educational

Potential connection

Potential public plaza

Potential walkways Existing t-way

Neighbourhood centre

Proposed t-way extension

M

ENVIRONMENT

LIVEABILITY

Train station

Civic centre

Metro Light rail phase 01

F

Existing ferry Existing waterway Proposed waterway Proposed boulevard

Figure 111 : Final strategic plan - Phase 03

385,000*

+24,000

+ 75 %

+1

High density +8,600 Medium density +15,400

469,500 (am)

+ 10 %

587,200 (pm)

+ 2 ha

* Cumulative of existing, Phase 01 & 02

Page 55

7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | PHASE 3

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

7.5.3 Phase 03 (21-30 YEARS) Phase 3 focuses on delivering more housing and social infrastructure. The final redevelopment and upgrade of Westmead health and education precinct will be completed introducing 20,000 new jobs in health care and research sectors and reaching 385,000 jobs in total ( Refer Table 05 in Appendix A: Economy) .

In this phase, the capacity of the existing heavy rail network will be increased by 75% to cater to the increasing residents of the city ( Refer to Table 10 in Appendix C). The regional connectivity will be further strengthened by the introduction of a third metro line from Epping to Campbelltown with a station identified near Western Sydney University ( Refer to Table 11 in Appendix C) . Boulevards along Isabella Street and near Pendle Hill road will be introduced to extend the pedestrian and cycling network in the city.

With the majority of the economic and connectivity strategies being executed in the first two phases, the final phase of the strategic plan emphasises on the provision of hous-

ing. High-density residential of 8,600 dwellings will be proposed in phase 03 along Pendle Hill Road and near Western Sydney University to provide student accommodation reaching 24,000 in total. Medium density housing will be expanded in Westmead and East Parramatta providing 15,400 dwellings. Thus, the total dwelling number reaches after phase 03 at 77,500. ( Refer to Table 12 in Appendix D) New water square will be introduced along the creek in North Parramatta to mitigate flooding. The upgrade of the existing drainage system and construction of multiple new underground water tanks will be completed in this phase to create an extensive water management system. The new residential and commercial development will aim at integrating sustainability design guidelines featuring rainwater harvesting systems, water recycling, and waste management units.

Page 56

7.6 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN | COMPARISON WITH BAU

FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN

Pattern

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

CENTRAL CITY DISTRICT PLAN 2048 (BAU)

HARBOUR CITY 2017

Poly-centric model

Two primary cores

Primary commercial core

Jobs

386,700

190,000

394,695

Total Housing

77,600

50,000

43,778

Affordable Housing

15,500

5,000

1,253

Social Housing

3,880

2,550

-

Transport Capacity (AM)

469,500

230,000

Transport Capacity (PM)

587,200

287,400

Total Area

945 ha

945 ha

936 ha

Green Open space

150 ha

140 ha

131 ha

Other Open space

4 ha

264,472

Table 03 : Comparison of Central City 2050 with BAU Central City District Plan and Harbour City 2017

7.6 Comparison with BAU The comparison of the performance of the final strategic plan for Central City 2050 with business as usual and Harbour City reflect on the achievement difference. In comparison with the current job numbers- 394, 695 of the Harbour City, the final strategic plan for Central City 2050 aims at achieving 386, 700 jobs over the next 30 years to become the second CBD of Greater Sydney. The aim of the provision of 77,600 dwellings by 2050 will help in developing a city where people live close to their place of

work. The introduction of multiple mass transit options will strengthen the regional connectivity of Central City 2050 to the rest of Greater Sydney. The final figures show us that the proposed strategic plan has surpassed the Central City District Plan in each category to achieve its vision of becoming the second metropolitan centre of Greater Sydney.

Page 57

8.0 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| FIVE FOCUS AREAS

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 112 : Five focus areas in Final Strategic Plan

8.0 Selected focus areas Five focus areas have been detailed out to reflect on the implementation of the strategies. Each focus area has been selected, keeping in mind its importance in the final strategic plan. The focus areas include1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Parramatta Park - the focal point of the development The large impermeable block of Westmead Health precinct that hinders connectivity Church Street - the cardinal spine of development Parramatta Riverfront development that reinforces the idea of river city One of the three Neighbourhood centres that encourage the polycentric design approach

The design of all these focus areas defines the overall character of Central City 2050.

Page 58

8.1 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| PARRAMATTA PARK

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Parramatta Park

Figure 113 : Key map - Parramatta park

Figure 114 : Existing plan of Parramatta park

LEGEND RIVER/CREEK GREEN SURFACE CAR PARK PROPOSED GREEN PROPOSED PLAZA NEW DEVELOPMENT PROPOSED BOULEVARD

03 01

02

PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN EXISTING CROSSING PROPOSED CROSSING

M

METRO LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01 EXISTING ENTRY ENHANCED ENTRY PROPOSED CYCLEWAYS

Figure 115 : Proposed design of Parramatta park m

Page 59

8.1 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| PARRAMATTA PARK

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

01

L

T

Figure 116 : Linear park connecting Westmead station with Parramatta park

02

02

03

03

Figure 117 & 118 : Linear Park, Mumbai; Source: Prabhakar Bhagwat Figure 119 : Sustrans Route Figure 120 : Canal boat Amsterdam; Landscape Architecture, 2016 754, Canal towpath Scotland; tours, Jemarsen Source- Scottish Canals, 2019 Source Rodrigues de Melo, 2014

8.1 Parramatta park Parramatta Park is one of the important key assets of the site and in the final strategic plan, it influences the spatial organisation with the park as the focal point of all development. The park currently is underutilised and has poor accessibility.

The design brief focuses on tapping the massive potential of Parramatta Park for better connectivity and improved sustainability. The first action will be to redefine blocks in Westmead to create a direct connection from Darcy Road to the Park and to create better urban form legibility. The access to the park will be extended connecting the Westmead station by addition of a linear park (Figure 117). To complement the upcoming open space which is a part of the Westmead redevelopment along Hawkesbury Road, a new plaza coupled with the Westmead metro station, will

be introduced. This plaza will be linked to Parramatta Park by the Helen Street Boulevard.

Several pedestrian links will be introduced in Parramatta Park to strengthen the east-west connectivity. Boulevards from Fennel Street will improve the connectivity from the Park to Church Street and the upcoming creative industry.

The proposed boulevard and active street frontage along George Street will enhance the connectivity from Parramatta CBD to the Park. New small boats and jetties will be introduced along the river for better connectivity and to provide recreational activities along the riverfront. The proposed section in Figure 116 depicts the design of the linear park beginning from Westmead Station with an active frontage characterised by cafes with outdoor seating.

Page 60

8.2 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| WESTMEAD HEALTH PRECINCT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Westmead health precinct

Light Industry

Figure 121 : Key map - Westmead Health precinct

Educa�onal Precinct

Figure 122 : Existing plan of Westmead health precinct

‘Technical Industry’ Research & Development Precinct

LEGEND RIVER/CREEK 03

GREEN SURFACE CAR PARK PROPOSED GREEN PROPOSED PLAZA NEW DEVELOPMENT EXISTING CYCLE NETWORK PROPOSED CYCLE NETWORK

01

M

PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN

04

PROPOSED VEHICULAR EXISTING T-WAY

M

METRO LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01

02

Educa�onal Precinct Westmead Redevelopment Proposed Plaza Supporting Proposed Plaza Metro Station

Figure 123 : Proposed design of Westmead health precinct

m

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8.2 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| WESTMEAD HEALTH PRECINCT

Green Space

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Neighbourhood Centre-Public Plaza

Sidewalk

Parking Lane

Sharing Travel Lane

Parking Lane

Sidewalk

Active Frontage

Figure 124 : Proposed section through Neighbourhood Centre

WSU

Sidewalk

Travel Lane

Bus Stop Median Bus Lane Green

Bus Stop

Bus Lane Travel Lane Sidewalk Green

Hospital Parking

Hospital

Figure 125 : Existing section - Darcy Road

WSU

Tree Canopy

Travel Lane Travel Lane Bus Stop Green Bus Stop Sidewalk Sidewalk Cycle Lane Bus Lane Middle Green Bus Lane Cycle Lane Green Space

Hospital

Figure 126 : Proposed section - Darcy Road 01

01

03

03

04

Figure 127 & 128 : Rockville Town Centre, Maryland Figure 129 & 130 : Cheonggyecheon Stream Reviv- Figure 131 : Metro USA; Source: Macris, Hendricks & Glascock, P.A al, Seoul; Source: Inhabitat, 2014 StationMoscow, Russia; Source: Google Street View, 2019

8.2 Westmead Health precinct

One of the biggest challenges in Westmead health precinct is its large impermeable block that hinders connectivity. The large surface level parking and the absence of vegetation contributes to an inferior quality public domain.

As the first line of action, multiple pedestrian links have been identified to penetrate the site aligning with the existing connections to the Parramatta Park. Few of the surface level parking will be replaced with green open space. Some existing open spaces in the precinct will be upgraded to improve the quality of the public domain.

The proposed neighbourhood centre in Westmead will be linked to Parramatta Park with strengthening of the Darcy Road as a boulevard. The neighbourhood centre will be characterised by social infrastructures like a library, child care facilities, supermarkets etc. The urban plaza, coupled

with the centre, will make access to the public domain along Toongabbie creek more welcoming.

The existing section of Darcy Road (Figure 125) reflects on the factors limiting the pedestrian movement like the lack of tree cover along the sidewalk, the central location of the T-way stops and surface parking along the street.

These factors also show the car dominance in Westmead.

The redesigned section in Figure 126 prioritises pedestrians with the increase in tree cover, increase in the sidewalks, the introduction of cycle laneways and the relocation of the T-way stops along the street edge for easy access for the pedestrians.

The Toongabbie creek front will be remodelled similar to the Cheonggyecheon Stream Revival in Seoul to increase the accessibility along and across the creek.

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8.3 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| CHURCH STREET

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Church Street

Figure 132 : Key map - Church Street

Car parking

Poor quality sidewalk

Figure 134 : Existing cemetery rupturing the active frontage on Church Street

Figure 133 : Church Street spine

LEGEND RIVER GREEN PROPOSED RIVERFRONT BUILDINGS PROPOSED WATERWAY

Commercial building with active street frontage

Proposed plaza

High quality Proposed sidewalk with plaza ornamental trees

Isabella Street boulevard (to East Parramatta neighbourhood centre)

Figure 135 : Proposed scheme to activate the space around the existing cemetery

PROPOSED PLAZA PROPOSED POINT OF INTEREST PROPOSED LANEWAY LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01

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8.3 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| CHURCH STREET

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 136 : Proposed Church Street - bird eye view

8.3 Church Street Church Street has always attracted investments, developments and growth in every sector. Since it is centrally located and runs North-South throughout the study area, it gets an added advantage.

So, the design principles for Church Street are a clear hierarchy of streets, a transport spine with transport interchanges, a pedestrian prioritised street, a spine that connects the open spaces and finally a vibrant and safe street.

A small focus area on Church Street that needs more attention, which is the St Patrick’s Roman Catholic Cemetery has been detailed out. It is observed that the cemetery breaks the continuity along Church Street in terms of vibrancy, safety and activity. But the cemetery is also an important heritage site and has a lot of sentimental values attached to it.

To balance the, need for activating the area along with respecting the heritage, ornamental trees will be

introduced along the cemetery to make it pleasing for the pedestrians to walk along with it. A plaza will be proposed next to the cemetery coupled with an active street frontage in the proposed commercial building. The action will not only detract from the existing, dull vibe but will also respect the cemetery without extreme interventions. The plaza will be active due to its proximity to the proposed light rail stop on Church Street. New pedestrian crossings will be introduced around the cemetery. A journey will be created that links the Cemetery plaza to the Richie Benaud Oval and the proposed plaza along Pendle Hill road that further continues along the Isabella Street Boulevard to link to the neighbourhood centre near Western Sydney University.

The proposed typical section of Church Street depicts the proposed light rail and active street frontage ( Figure 138).

The 3D model provides a sense of massing, building use and pedestrian experience along Church Street ( Figure 136).

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8.3 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| CHURCH STREET

Legible hierarchy

Transport spine

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Pedestrian prioritised

Open space link

Vibrant spine

Figure 137 : Design principles for Church Street

Figure 138 : Proposed section - Church Street

Figure 139 : Precedent - Swanston Street, Melbourne ; Source- Google Street View, 2019

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8.4 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| EAST PARRAMATTA NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE PRECINCT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre precinct

Figure 140 : Key map - East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre precinct

Figure 141 : Existing East Parramatta TO EASTWOOD

LEGEND GREEN

PROPOSED GREEN

A

EXISTING BUILDING FOOTPRINT A

NEW DEVELOPMENT PROPOSED PLAZA

M

IMPROVED PATHWAY MAIN VEHICLE MOVEMENT CYCLE MOVEMENT INTERNAL SITE THROUGH-WAY

M

TO CBD TO RYDE

METRO IMPROVED CROSSING INTERNAL SITE THROUGH-WAY

Figure 142 : Proposed East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre

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8.4 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| EAST PARRAMATTA NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE PRECINCT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION LEGEND PUBLIC SCHOOL COMMUNITY FACILITY MIXED USE RECREATIONAL MEDIUM-DENSITY HOUSING

Proposed Aquatic Centre for Neighbourhood and University Proposed Community Facilities - Such as Library and Child Care Centre Proposed Multiple-storey Teaching Building for Expansion of Existing Public School Increasing housing diversity for university students

03

02 01

Proposed Plaza Supporting Metro Station Proposed Shopping Centre integrated with Metro Station Active Frontage along Victoria Road - shops and showrooms on the ground floor; Upper levels for residential use to increase housing diversity

04

6

Figure 143 : Proposed land use in East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre

01

02

03

04

Figure 144 & 145 : Rouse Hill Town Centre; Source: Google Street Figure 146 : Des Renford Figure 147 : Broadway Sydney; view Leisure Centre; Source: Source: Google Street view Google Street view

8.5 East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre One of the five neighbourhood centres has been detailed out to give an idea of the social infrastructure in the polycentric development pattern. The existing area ( Figure 141) comprises of low-density housing with the Western Sydney University campus to its east and the East Parramatta Public School to its north-west. The wide Victoria Road located to its south does not have any crossings.

The proposed neighbourhood centre ( Figure 142) will have reconfigured blocks to connect it to the Fennel Street Boulevard. The centre will have a large central plaza acting as a gathering space and to serve a large number of commuters from the metro station. Several new crossings will be introduced along Victoria road to connect it to the

surrounding areas. The section (Figure 149) along Fennel Street depicts the active street frontage with broad sidewalks and shared travel laneways. The (Figure 143) shows the proposed land use in the neighbourhood centre, which emphasis on the vertical expansion of the school.

Community facilities like libraries and child care centre will be introduced to serve the neighbourhood. An aquatic centre will be introduced to cater to the residents and university students. Mixed-use along Victoria and Fennel Street will improve the vibrancy and safety on the streets.

The 3D view (Figure 148) and the Rouse Hill Town Centre ( Figure 144 & 145) precedent provide a conceptual idea for the future development of the neighbourhood centre.

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8.4 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| EAST PARRAMATTA NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE PRECINCT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 148 : Proposed East Parramatta Neighbourhood centre - bird eye view

Active frontage

Sidewalk

Parking lane Sharing travel lane

Figure 149 : Proposed Section through Fennell Street A-A

Parking lane

Active frontage Sidewalk

Integrated landscape design for making places on street for pedestrian

Active Frontage along Fennell Street - cafe and Convenience shops

Shop top housing

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8.5 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| PARRAMATTA RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Parramatta riverfront development

Figure 150 : Existing Parramatta riverfront

Figure 151 : Proposed Parramatta riverfront

LEGEND RIVER

6

GREEN PROPOSED RIVER FRONT BUILDINGS PROPOSED WATERWAY PROPOSED PLAZA PROPOSED POINT OF INTEREST PROPOSED LANE WAY LIGHT RAIL PHASE 01

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8.5 SELECTED FOCUS AREAS| PARRAMATTA RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Figure 152 : Proposed Parramatta river waterfront development - bird eye view

01

Figure 153 : Chicago river night time economy; Source: Sasaki design 05

02

03

Figure 155 : Chicago riverwalk; Source: Sasaki design

Figure 154 : Artist impression of proposed MAAS; Source: Daily Telegraph 06

Figure 157 & 158 : Chulalongkorn Centennial Park, Bangkok; Source: Land process

04

Figure 156 : Chicago river water activities; Source: Sasaki design 08

07

Figure 159 : King Street wharf, Sydney; Source: Urban developer

Figure 160 : Chicago riverwalk; Source: Sasaki design

8.4 Parramatta riverfront development Parramatta being the river city makes it important that the character of its riverfront is considered with an initiative to reclaim it for the environmental, recreational and economic benefit of the city. The existing riverfront of the Parramatta River has multiple buildings with their backyards facing the river. A single paved path has been developed along the edge to make some parts of the river edge accessible to the pedestrians and cyclists. Despite its abundant potential, there are very minimal waterfront activities. The current scenario does not offer a continuous, riverfront experience.

The design brief identifies the catalyst sites for development like the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences and Riverside Theatre. These sites act encourage to strengthen the cultural journey along the river by the introduction of the Burramatta Museum next to MAAS, which will also cater to the flood mitigation. The cultural link will be further

strengthened by the existing engraved aboriginal heritage trail along the river. The waterfront experience will also be characterised by restaurants and pubs with outdoor seating, casinos and service apartments. A major sense of inspiration has been drawn from the Chicago Riverwalk, ( Figure 153) which encourages waterfront activities like kayaking, jetties and other water sports. Apart from developing the riverfront itself, the accessibility of it also needed improvement. So, a few laneways will be introduced in the CBD to connect to the foreshore. Another critical factor is the wharf, which requires an upgrade to welcome visitors to the river city. A string of wharf front restaurants will be proposed for active street frontage like Barangaroo wharf.

As a new connected path system, the Parramatta Riverwalk design will provide both continuity and variety for a park visitor. It will offer diverse experiences ranging from dining opportunities to expansive public event programming.

Page 70

9.0 CONCLUSION

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

9.0 Conclusion The report set out to create a comprehensive strategic plan for Central City and has successfully achieved its goal through interventions at different scale, beginning from regional context to local neighbourhood areas.

Actions like the expansion along Church Street, riverfront development are examples of inviting commerce, while Westmead Health Precinct, Parramatta Park and river with improved accessibility reflect the well-linked vision of the city. The neighbourhood centres and Church Street provide amenities to its diverse population. Up-gradation

of Parramatta Park and introduction of flood mitigation infrastructure along the river ensure sustainability in the city. The upgrade of Parramatta Park and the introduction of the cultural precinct in the riverfront development stay true to the vision statement of celebrating the history of the city. All the strategies and proposed changes for Central City will facilitate the creation of a better city for all.

Finally, the report brings us back to our vision statement, which is reflected in our focus areas cohesively:

A FUTURE CITY THAT IS SUSTAINABLE, INVITING COMMERCE, WELL-LINKED AND INCLUSIVE OF ITS DIVERSITY WHILST CELEBRATING ITS HISTORY

INCLUSIVE OF ITS DIVERSITY

WELL-LINKED

INVITING COMMERCE

SUSTAINABLE

Page 71

10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

10.1 Background References ABS Census Data. (2016_A). Age in Five Year Groups by SA1- Custom Geography - Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_B). Country of Origin by SA1 - Custom Geography - Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_C). Industry of Employment by SA1- Custom Geography - Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_D). Industry of Employment- By SA2 - Harbour City. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_E). Mode of Travel to Work by SA1- Custom Geography- Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_F). Mode of Travel to Work by SA2 - Harbour City. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_G). Industry of Employment- Sydney. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_H). Dwelling Structure by SA1- Custom Geography- Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_I). Family Household Composition (Dwelling) by SA1 - Custom Geography - Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_J). Religious Affiliation by SA1- Custom Geography- Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_K). Distance to Travel to work- by SA1- Custom Geography- Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics.

ABS Census Data. (2016_L). Distance to Travel to Work- By SA2- Harbour City. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_M). Age in Five Year Groups by SA2- Harbour City. From Australian Bureau of Statistics - Table Builder.

ABS Census Data. (2016_N). Country of Birth of Person - By SA1- Custom Geography- Study Area. From Australian Bureau of Statistics- Table Builder .

AECOM. (2016, March 20). Parramatta CBD Strategic Transport Study. From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/pdf%2019%20-%20Parramatta%20CBD%20Strategic%20Transport%20Study.pdf City Futures Research Centre. (2015). Strata Schemes of Sydney: 1961 to 2015. From UNSW Sydney- City Futures Research Centre: https://cityfutures.be.unsw.edu.au/cityviz/strata-schemes-sydney/ City of Melbourne. (2016). Local Liveability Study - Establishing a Platform of Evidence to Shape Melbourne's Future. From City of Melbourne: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/sitecollectiondocuments/places-for-people-2015-local-liveability-study-part1.pdf City of Parramatta . (2017, April). Parramatta Ways - Implementing Sydney’s Green Grid. From City of Parramatta : https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/Parramatta%20Ways%20Report_0.pdf

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10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

City of Parramatta. (2017, July 10). Economic Development Plan 2017- 2021. From City of Parramatta: file:///C:/Users/apow9305/Downloads/City%20of%20Parramatta%20economic-development-plan.pdf City of Parramatta. (2017, May). Parramatta Bike Plan . From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/2017-07/D05179027%20Parramatta_Bike_Plan_2017_Summary.pdf City of Parramatta. (2017, April). Parramatta CBD Pedestrain Strategy. From City of Parramatta : https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/CBD%20Pedestrian%20Strategy.pdf City of Parramatta Council. (2016, July 11). Parramatta Employment Lands Strategy. From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/Employment%20Lands%20Strategy.pdf City of Parramatta. (n.d.). Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences (MAAS). From https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/about-parramatta/maas Clouston Associates; LFA. (March 2017). Parramatta North Urban Transformation Urban Design & Landscape Report.

Sydney: UrbanGrowth NSW. Deloitte. (2014). Westmead Innovation District: Building Western Sydney's jobs engine. From Deloitte: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/au/Documents/Economics/deloitte-au-dae-westmead-innovation-district-report-190716.pdf Gorrey, M., & Haynes, K. (2019, February). Nine minutes to flee: Parramatta's 'catastrophic' flash-flooding warning. From The Sydney Morning Herald.

Greater Sydney Commission. (2016, October). Greater Parramatta and the Olympic Peninsula (GPOP). From Greater Sydney Commission: https://gsc-public-1.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2016_10_31_gpop_vision.pdf Greater Sydney Commission. (2018, March). A Metropolis of Three Cities. From Greater Sydney Commission: https://gsc-public-1.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/greater-sydney-region-plan-0618_0.pdf Greater Sydney Commission. (2018, March). Central City District Plan. From Greater Sydney Commission: https://gsc-public-1.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/central-district-plan-0318_0.pdf Greater Sydney Commission. (November 2016). GPOP - Connecting the Heart of Greater Sydney. Sydney: Greater Sydney Commission.

Kembrey, M. (2016, March 4). 15 minute train from Parramatta to Sydney CBD proposed. From The Sydney Morning Herald: https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/15-minute-train-from-parramatta-to-sydney-cbd-proposed-20160303-gn9d6u.html McGregor Coxall. (2015, March). Parramatta City River Strategy Design and Activation Plan. From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/164686/River_City_Strategy_Volume_01_Report_Part1.pdf North Parramatta Residents Action Group. (2018). Hands Off our Public Assets. From NPRAG: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/lcdocs/submissions/60787/0272%20North%20Parramatta%20Residents%20Action%20Group%20ORIGINAL_Redacted.pdf NSW Legislation. (2011). Parramatta Local Environmental Plan 2011. From New South Wales Government - NSW Legislation: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/EPI/2011/540/historical2016-08-05/full NSW Office of Environment & Heritage. (n.d.). Old Government House. From NSW Office of Environment & Heritage: https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5045475

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10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

NSW Transport. (2019). Parramatta Light Rail. From Parramatta Light Rail: http://www.parramattalightrail.nsw.gov.au/ Parramatta City Council. (2013, June). Parramatta 2038 Community Strategic Plan. From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/Community%20Strategic%20Plan%202038.pdf PwC Consulting. (2016, October). Parramatta 2021- Unlocking the potential of a new economy. From City of Parramatta: https://www.investparramatta.com.au/sites/default/files/2017-08/Parramatta%202021.pdf Sydney Metro. (2018, March). Sydney Metro West - Project Overview. From NSW Government- Sydney Mettro: https://www.sydneymetro.info/sites/default/files/document-library/Sydney-Metro-West-Project-Overview-March-2018.pdf TKD Architects. (North 2017). Parramatta North Historic Sites Consolidated Conservation Management Plan. Sydney: UrbanGrowth NSW. Transport for NSW. (2018, March). Future Transport Strategy 2056. From Future Transport 2056: https://future.transport.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/documents/2018/Future_Transport_2056_Strategy.pdf University of Sydney. (March 2017). University of Sydney Submission to the Greater Sydney Commission- Draft West Central District Plan. University of Sydney.

Urban Growth NSW . (2018). Parramatta North Urban Transformation. From Urban Growth NSW Development Corporation: https://www.ugdc.nsw.gov.au/growth-centres/parramatta-north/ Urbis. (2015, October). Achieving A-Grade Office Space in the Parramatta CBD. From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/ files/inline-files/Appendix_8_Economic_Review_Achieving_A-Grade_Office_Space_in_the_Parramatta_CBD_2015.pdf Urbis. (2015, December). Heritage Study – CBD Planning Controls . From City of Parramatta: https://www.cityofparramatta.nsw.gov.au/sites/council/files/inline-files/Appendix_7_Heritage_Study_-_CBD_Planning_Controls_Urbis_2015.pdf

10.2 Precedent References Amy Frearson. (2012, october 5). Landscape of the Year announced at World Architecture Festival. Retrieved from Dezeen: https://www.dezeen.com/2012/10/05/kallang-river-bishan-park-wins-landscape-of-the-year-at-world-architecture-festival/ Amsterdam Canal Cruises. (2018). Cruise routes. Retrieved from Amsterdam Canal Cruises: https://amsterdamcanalcruises. nl/cruises/city-canal-cruise-amsterdam-heineken-experience/ Bridgette Meinhold. (2010). How the Cheonggyecheon River Urban Design Restored the Green Heart of Seoul.

Retrieved from Inhabitat: https://inhabitat.com/how-the-cheonggyecheon-river-urban-design-restored-the-green-heart-of-seoul /cheonggyecheon-river-26/ DE URBANISTEN. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=singapore D'Arcy, P. (2018). When Bangkok floods (and it floods a lot), this park does something amazing. Retrieved from https://ideas. ted.com/when-bangkok-floods-and-it-floods-a-lot-this-park-does-something-amazing/ Evolution Design. (2012). Unilever Offices – Zurich. Retrieved from Office snapshots: https://officesnapshots.com/2012/01/31/unilever-switzerland-offices-agile-working-in-action/ Fitzsimmons, C. (2019). How your area of Sydney fares for open space. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/how-your-area-of-sydney-fares-for-open-space-20190412-p51dr6.html , 2019.

Head on. (2019, May 24). Photo festival. Retrieved from : https://www.headon.com.au/civicrm/mailing/view?reset=1&id=96

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10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

lylod Alter. (2017). Ben Carson would not approve of Vienna's social housing; it's too nice. Retrieved from Tree hugger: https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/ben-carson-would-not-approve-viennas-social-housing-its-too-nice.html Kallang River Bishan Park, Singapore. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2012/10/05/kallang-river-bishanpark-wins-landscape-of-the-year-at-world-architecture-festival/ https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/kallang-river-bishan-parksingapore-atelier-dreiseitl/ Land Process. (2017, March). CU Centennial Park. Retrieved from Land Process: http://www.landprocess.co.th/ Link NYC. (2019). Free super fast Wi-Fi. And that’s just the beginning. Retrieved from Link NYC: https://www.link.nyc/ Melbourne, V. (2017). National Parks and Reserves - Yarra river. Retrieved from Visit Melbourne: https://www.visitmelbourne. com/regions/Melbourne/Things-to-do/Nature-and-wildlife/National-parks-and-reserves/Yarra-River.aspx Nacto. (n.d.). 9th Avenue On-street Protected Bike Path, New York, NY. Retrieved from Nacto: https://nacto.org/case-study/ ninth-avenue-complete-street-new-york-city/ Noel Y.C. (2013). Boating On The Lake In Central Park. Retrieved from nyclovesnyc: http://nyclovesnyc.blogspot.com/2013/07/boating-on-lake-in-central-park.html Office Tour: Unilever Offices – Zurich. (2012).

Retrieved from https://officesnapshots.com/2012/01/31/unilever-switzerland-offices-agile-working-in-action/ Philips, C., & Joyce, K. (2010). Chicago Riverwalk – Sasaki. Retrieved from http://www.sasaki.com/project/134/chicago-riverwalk/ Prabhakar Bhagwat. (2016). Mumbai Linear Park,. Retrieved from Prabhakar Bhagwat Landscape Architecture: http://www.landscapeindia.net/project/linear-park-mumbai/ Rockville Town Square - Macris, Hendricks, & Glascock, P.A. (2017).

Retrieved from https://www.mhgpa.com/portfolio/rockville-town-square/ Scottish Canals | Scotland's Waterways. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.scottishcanals.co.uk/ Sasaki. (2015). Chicago Riverwalk. Retrieved from Sasaki: http://www.sasaki.com/project/134/chicago-riverwalk/ Sierra Club. (2018). Sierra Club NYC Open Space Policy Meeting: All Are Welcome! Retrieved from Sierra Club New York City: http://nyc.sierraclub.org/?event=sierra-club-nyc-open-space-policy-meeting-all-are-welcome Story blocks. (2019). Angers, France Boulevard Foch Timelapse Night. Retrieved from Story blocks: https://www.videoblocks.com/video/angers-france-boulevard-foch-timelapse-night-n8gfglxnlilbdtzzl Wang, L. (2014). How the Cheonggyecheon River Urban Design Restored the Green Heart of Seoul. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/how-the-cheonggyecheon-river-urban-design-restored-the-green-heart-of-seoul/cheonggyecheon-river-26/ WDG Architects. (2007). Rockville Town Centre. Retrieved from MHG: https://www.mhgpa.com/portfolio/rockville-town-square/

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX A

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

11.1 Appendix A: Economy Office space (sq.m)

Existing No. Of jobs

Area/ job (sq.m / job)

Central City

707, 099

81,900

8.633 sq.m/ job

Harbour City

5,079,899

4,96,900

10.223 sq.m/ job

Table 04 : Comparison of existing available floorspace per job (Refer to 3.1 SITE ANALYSIS | ECONOMY-FACTS AND FIGURES)

Number of jobs

Floor space/ job

Total floor space required

Commercial- Tech industry

80,000

25 sq.m

2,000,000

Commercial- Finance, Govt. , Legal

130,000

25 sq.m

3,250,000

Health

60,000

15 sq.m

900,000

Education

40,000

25 sq.m

1,000,000

Bio - Tech industry

25,000

15 sq.m

300,000

Retail + Hospitality

30,000

15 sq.m

450,000

Creative Industry

20,000

30 sq.m

450,000

Job Sector

385,000

20.34 sq.m (Average)

Table 05 : Calculation of floor space requirement for jobs in each sector of Central City 2050 ( Refer to 7.5 FINAL STRATEGIC PLAN )

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX B

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

11.2 Appendix B : Connectivity Travel times have been calculated to and from several strategic locations in Greater Sydney to Central City using public transport. The travel times have been calculated using Google Maps. The testing of calculating the travel times has been undertaken on 8th April 2019 in the morn-

ing peak hour of 8.00am and at the evening peak hour of 5pm. Table 06 illustrates that most of the travel times from strategic location exceeds 30 mins which emphasises the shortcoming of the existing regional connectivity of Central City.

Strategic Location

To Parramatta @ 8.00 am

From Parramatta @ 5.00 pm

Blacktown

10 mins

12 mins

Rouse Hill

1 hr 11 mins

59 mins

Norwest

48 mins

53 mins

Epping

30 mins

30 mins

Strathfield

14 mins

14 mins

Baulkham Hills

45 mins

35 mins

Fairfield

25 mins

16 mins

Campbelltown

1 hr 6 mins

54 mins

Campsie

49 mins

42 mins

Sydney Olympic Park

37 mins

36 mins

Bankstown

31 mins

27 mins

Central

27 mins

27 mins

Chatswood

1 hr

53 mins

Macquarie Park

49 mins

50 mins

Liverpool

25 mins

25 mins

Penrith

25 mins

24 mins

Hurstville

47 mins

47 mins

Merrylands

22 mins

8 mins

Carlingford

38 mins

33 mins

Kogarah

1 hr

59 mins

Rhodes

26 mins

24 mins

Table 06 : Calculation of travel times from strategic locations in Central City using public transport ( Refer to Section 3.2. , 5.2 )

- Strategic locations having travel time less than 30 mins

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX C

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

11.3 Appendix C: Connectivity According to Appendix B, Central City lacks in the terms of regional connectivity. To develop the city as the second metropolitan centre of Greater Sydney multiple mass transit routes need to be introduced to achieve GSC’s vision of a ‘30 minute city’. The following tables calculate

the increase in the frequency of the existing heavy rail. The existing number of train services have been taken from the timetable of Transport NSW. The capacity of the metro has been calculated in reference to the Sydney Metro Northwest line with a frequency of a service every 4 minutes.

Table 07 : Capacity of existing heavy rail

Table 08 : Capacity of existing heavy rail increased by 25% in Phase 01 of Final Strategic Plan (Refer to 7.5 Final Strategic Plan)

Table 09 : Capacity of existing heavy rail increased by 50% in Phase 02 of Final Strategic Plan (Refer to 7.5 Final Strategic Plan)

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX C

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Table 10 : Capacity of existing heavy rail increased by 75% in Phase 03 Final Strategic Plan (Refer to 7.5 Final Strategic Plan)

Table 11 : Capacity of Metro after Phase 03 in Final Strategic Plan (Refer to 7.5 Final Strategic Plan)

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX D

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

11.4 Appendix D : Liveability The City of Melbourne has conducted a local liveability study in 2015 which focuses on measuring the performance of the city on different liveability parameters and developing strategies for improving the liveability in the city. Following figures have been taken from the report

which tell the capacities of social infrastructure to support certain number of residents and the optimum proximity of social infrastructure. These have been set as a benchmark to develop the strategies for Central City 2050.

Figure 161: Capacities of the social infrastructure Source: City of Melbourne, 2016

Figure 162: Proximity of social infrastructure Source: City of Melbourne, 2016

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11.0 APPENDICES | APPENDIX D

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

Phase

No. Of dwellings in Medium density

No. Of dwellings in High density

No. Of dwellings in Mixed use dwellings

Total dwellings in each phase

1

-

3346

7565

10911

2

-

12183

30649

42831

15800

8743

-

24543

Total

77507

3

Table 12 : Distribution of dwelling numbers in each phase in medium density, high density and mixed use ( Refer to 7.5 Final Strategic Plan)

Phase Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Site Area (sq.m)

Precinct Name

FSR

Number of dwellings

Affordable housing

261796

Parramatta CBD riverfront (Mixed use)

4

7716

1543

109758

Westmead (High density)

4

3235

647

465074

Church St and Victoria St (Mixed use)

3

10280

2056

71051

PNUT (Mixed use)

2

1047

209

417994

North Parramatta (Mixed use)

3

9240

1848

192839

Westmead (High density)

5

7105

1421

77460

Wentworthville (Mixed use)

5

2854

571

76519

Wentworthville (High density)

5

2819

564

125873

WSU (High density)

5

4637

927

186959

WSU (Medium density)

3

4133

827

373700

Isabella St (Medium density)

3

8261

1652

197254

Penant Hill (High density)

5

7267

1453

152344

Old age home (Medium density)

2

2245

449

310999

Westmead (Medium density)

3

6875

1375

Table 13 : Dwelling numbers with FSR in each precinct

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12.0 CASE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

12.1 Unilever Office- Zurich, Switzerland ( Refer to Section 7.1 )

Figure 163 : Unileve flexible office space; Source: Office snapshots, 2012

Figure 164 : Unilever office interiors; Source: Office snapshots, 2012

Unilever has an expansive work space model called as Agile working, otherwise popularly known as ‘work from anywhere, whenever you want�, as long as the work is done. In order to serve the agile working model of Unilever, a new workplace was developed in Switzerland by Camenzind. The design of the office space was meant to provide ample room for productivity in various ways and functions like collaboration projects, large meetings, teleconferencing and individual work. Most importantly, with hotdesking, staff in this office space are not given individual workstations which foster in reducing real estate overhead, in this case by 40 %. (Office snapshots, 2012) Figure 165 : Unileve office without individual desks; Source: Office snapshots, 2012

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12.0 CASE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

12.2 Boston Waterfront Innovation District

( Refer to Section 7.1 )

Figure 166: Flexible dwellings in adapted industrial building of Factory 63 Source- MHD Studio

The plans for the Boston Seaport Innovation district were announced in 2010 focussing on developing a strategy to develop 1000 acres on the South Boston Waterfront as an ‘innovation district’. The strategy emphasises on connecting the downtown area of Boston to the port by introduction of multiple public transportation options to support the new economy focussing on supporting start ups like healthcare information technology, mobile media and clean tech. The strategic plan focuses on developing collaborative and shared office spaces fostering collaboration and creative growth.

The actions undertaken in the development of the Seaport Innovation district focus on captiating innovative workforce in the precinct with the provision of flexible and diverse housing options. As majority of the land is privately owned the development of the district is achieved by providing incentives to the developers. The district promotes development of compact housing units and innovation centers in the precincts enabling entrepreneurs to host free events.

One of the core principles guiding the strategy of the innovation district emphasises on improving the environment by the implementation of sustainability principles like use of green and clean technology. (City of Boston, 2011)

Figure 167: District Hall in the Boston Innovation Centre providing gathering space for collaboration Source- Hacin + Associates

Figure 168: Shared Office spaces in Design Exchange Boston Source- Schwabe Design

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12.0 CASE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

12.3 Link NYC

( Refer to Section 7.2 )

Figure 169: Access to city services on LinkNYC Source- Link NYC

Link NYC is a fast speed digital network that has replaced more than 7,500 payphones in the New York City by the provision of digital display panels across the city providing free Wifi, internet browsing, city services, access to digital maps enabling way finding and provision for charging mobile devices. and tablets.

The initiative is proposed by the City of New York and CityBridge.

The free service of public digital connections is funded by adversiting. The completion of this service will generate almost $500 million as revenue for the city. The service was introduced in New York in 2016 and aims at expanding the free digital network in the city over a span of 8 years. The free public wifi network will be one of the most extensive digital networks in the world and will help to strengthen the global economic capital of world as one of the leading ‘smart cities’. (Link NYC)

Figure 170: Provision for charging at Link NYC Source- Link NYC

Figure 171: Free public wifi at LinkNYC Source- Link NYC

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12.0 CASE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

12.4 Chulalongkorn Centennial Park, Bangkok

( Refer to Section 7.4 )

Figure 172 : Chulalongkorn Centennial Park; Source: Land process, 2017

Chulalongkorn Centennial Park is designed and executed to combat the extremities of climate change in future. The entire park is designed with a slope to contain water in a man-made pond. The inclined green roof guides surface runoff water through inclined rain gardens which later gets filtered in the created wetland and finally retained in the pond. The detention area designed in park’s mid-lawn provides space for flooding and retention. The park has active edges to attract people its other features like reading area, walking tracks, meditation area and herb garden. As an effort to extend the park into the neighbourhood, a major neighbouring road was converted to two lanes from being four lanes to prioritise pedestrians and bicycles. The walkways link the paths within the park directly to create a spontaneous walking experience. Features like linear rain gardens characterised with native plants are lined along the road to absorb water. (Land process, 2017)

Figure 173 :Water retention park; Source: Land process, 2017

Figure 174 : Axinometric view of the park; Source: Land process, 2017

Figure 175 : An aerial view of Chulalongkorn Centennial Park; Source: Land process, 2017 Page 85

12.0 CASE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT 2B: FINAL STRATEGY SUBMISSION

12.5 Kallag river revival in Bishan park, Singapore

( Refer to Section 7.4 )

Figure 176 : Kallang river Bishan Park, Singapore; Source: Dezeen, 2012

Figure 177 : Pedestrain bridge over the park; Source: Dezeen, 2012

Kallag River flows through Bishan Park, replacing a concrete-surfaced canal and has bio-engineered boundaries created with a range of plants. The river creates a floon plain during heavy rainfall, enabling the water to recede naturally, avoiding the green cover from getting waterlogged. 62 ha of open space has been redesigned to house the dynamic growth of the river accounting for its fluctuating water levels. As important as it was to upgrade the river to mitigate flooding, works were undertaken to turn the concrete canal into a naturalised river, thus developing new spaces for the community.

The project was carried out by ABC Waters Programme of the Public Utilities board in Singapore, which is reponsible for the nation’s water supply and drainage. The board’s long term vision has always been to convert the nation’s waterways beyond their conventional objectives into safe and vibrant spaces for social interaction. Recycled walls of the replaced concrete channel were used to construct restaurants, playgrounds complementing the restoed river in the heart of the city. Despite not having introduced any wildlife, the river has managed to increase the park’s diversity by 30%. (Dezeen, 2012)

Figure 178 : Kallang river Bishan Park, Singapore; Source: Dezeen, 2012

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