MainBody
Introduction
Inrecentyears,Chinahaspaidparticularattentiontourbanrenewal,especiallytothe residentialhistoricaldistrictswithincitiesPresidentXiJinpingoncestressedthat "thetransformationandupgradingoftheoldurbanareashouldbeunifiedwiththe protectionofhistoricalsitesandthepreservationofhistoricalcontext.Itisnecessary toimprovethelivingenvironment,protectthehistoricalandculturalheritage,and integratehistoricalculturewithmodernlife"(ThePeople'sDaily,2019)AsofAugust 2024,thereareatotalof142nationalhistoricalandculturalcitiesandover1,200 historicalandculturalblocksacrossthecountry(ThePeople'sDaily,2024)Among them,urbanmicro-renewalisconsideredtoplayagoodroleinthehistoricalblocks withsmallbuildingunitsandhighdensityduetoitscharacteristicsofsmall-scale transformationobject,lessimpactonsiteinterventionandlowinvestmentcostof gradualtransformation(FuXiaoyu&DingYalan,2022)China'surbanmicro-renewal practiceisboomingafterthreestagesofgermination,deepeningexplorationand diversifieddevelopment(LiuJianjun,WangYoupengetal,2022)In2022,theNanjing LittleWestLakeprojectevenwontheUNESCOAsia-PacificCulturalHeritage ConservationAwardinonefellswoop,fullyconfirmingtheabovehighquality.
Intherelativelyearlypracticeofurbanrenewal,therenovationprojectsofhistorical blocksareusuallydominatedbycommerceortourism.Withthecontinuous explorationandadvancementofmicro-renewalpractice,itisgladtoseethatthe renewalandrenovationofhistoricdistrictsisnotonlylimitedtothis,butalsogives
moreconsiderationtotheresidenceandlifeofthe‘aborigines’ofthedistricts,and strivestoreducethenegativeimpactsoftherenovationonthepeopleHowever, althoughthemicroupdatehasbeenverycarefulintheinvestigationofpublicopinion andthetransformationoperationisrelativelycautious,thesustainabilityofthe projectafteritsimplementationstillneedstobeconsidered.Limitedbytheoriginal practicemodelandtheacademicbackgroundofresearchers,theprevioussustainable researchfocusedmoreontheculturalandtourismdevelopmentofhistoricdistricts, butgavelessconsiderationtotheheritageitselfandcommunityissues.(ZhengYihong &SunHuan,2024)
Therefore,thispaperintendstoworkoutamorecomprehensiveandfeasible sustainableassessmentsystemforhistoricdistrictsthatisrelevanttotoday'srealities andpaysattentiontotheemphasisonhistoricalevolution,andisabletoassesstypical micro-regenerationcasesintheJiangsuregion.Tothisend,thepapertakesthe renovationprojectofNanjingXiaoxihuHistoricalDistrictasarepresentativecase study.TheresultsshowthatalthoughtheXiaoxihumicro-renewalprojecthasmade remarkableachievementsinculturalheritage,communityparticipationandspatial sensitivity,therearestilldifferencesinitssustainabilityinvariousdimensions.The significantadvantagesincludethepreservationofhistoricaltexture,theactivationof intangibleculturalheritageandtheresidentscenteredgovernancemode.However, thereisstillroomforimprovementincleanenergyapplicationsandlong-term economicvitality.Thesefindingsemphasizetheimportanceofestablishingamultidimensionalandlocalsustainabilityassessmentframework,whichcoversnotonly
prominent.Residentialhistoricalblocks,whichinvolvethedailylifeofresidentsand complexpropertyrightsdistribution,havebecomeamorecriticalissuethatneedsto beresolvedurgently.Chinagraduallydevelopedsystematicresearchonthe classificationofspecificresidentialhistoricalblocksafterenteringthe21stcentury, mainlyfocusingonthreeaspects:protectionandrenewaltheoryandstrategies, researchonresidentialissuesinblocks,andresearchonsocialissuesTheresearch deeplyconsiderstheprinciplesofhistoricalblockprotectionandrenewal,thelifestyle withintheblock,theretentionofresidents,andthestimulationofthevitalityofthe block(ZhouKaiqi,2019).
Thespecificprinciplesfortheprotectionandutilizationofhistoricalblocksin residentialareascanbemainlydividedintofivepoints,namelytheprinciplesof overallprotectionanddynamicprotection,theprincipleofprotectingtheauthenticity ofthehistoricalstyleoftheblock,theprincipleofsmall-scalegradualdevelopment, theprincipleofcontinuityofsociallifestructure,andtheprincipleofpublic participation.Forspecificprotectionmeasures,therearemainlysixtypes:complete protection,"gentrification",superficialprotection,functionaladjustment,self constructionbyresidents,andtraditionalmethods.Inspecificprojectoperations,a varietyofprinciplesandmethodsareusuallyusedincombinationaccordingtoactual conditionstoformdiverseandmulti-levelprotectionplans(FengQing,2006).
Thedevelopmentofurbanmicro-renewalconceptanditspracticeinresidential historicaldistricts
Thedevelopmentsourceof"micro-renewal"canbetracedbacktothe1960s.Atthat time,westernscholarsbegantocriticizelarge-scaleurbanrenewalandadvocated emphasizingtheimportanceof"humanscale"inurbanconstructionandrenovation. China'sresearchandexplorationinthisdirectioncanbetracedbacktoWu Liangyong'sresearch,explorationandpracticeinBeijing'sjuerHutonginthe1990s.
February2012,atthe"MissionandFutureofCities"sub-forumofthe"International ConferenceonInnovativeUrbanDevelopment",QiuBaoxing,ViceMinisterofthe MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofChina,proposedthe "ReconstructionofMicrocirculation"theory,includingthe"Micro-renewal"theory, hopingtoabandonlarge-scaleurbantransformationandadoptastrategyofgradual, small-scalerenewaltoachieveurbanrevitalization.existingresearch,identifygaps, anddiscussrelevanttheoreticalframeworksThisalsomarksthat"micro-renewal" hasbecomeamorepolicyorientedurbanrenewalideaanddirectionfroman academicpilotpractice
Afterthat,thedevelopmentofurbanmicro-renewalcanbedividedintothreestages: germination,deepeningexplorationanddiversifieddevelopment.Intheembryonic stage(2,012-2,015),withtheurbanizationratebreakingthrough50%asthe background,thenationalpolicyturnedtostockoptimization,andthe2,014guidance onlandconservationandintensiveuseandthe2,015centralcityworkingconference laidtheinstitutionalfoundation.ShanghaiandGuangzhoutooktheleadinintroducing
oriented",achievingsocialequityandculturalheritagethroughsmall-scale interventionInthefuture,itisnecessarytofurtherstrengtheninstitutionalnorms, technologicalinnovationandculturalresilience,andpromoteurbansustainable developmentwithfinegovernance(LiuJianjun,etc,2024)
SustainableTheory,EvaluationMethodsandTheirApplicationinHistoricalBlock
RenovationProjects
Thetheoryandevaluationofsustainabilityhavecertainapplicationandexplorationin theprojectofChinesehistoricalblocks.ZhengRuihongandSunHuanconstructedan evaluationsystemforthesustainabilityofheritagetourismintheevaluationresearch onthesustainabledevelopmentofculturaltourisminurbanhistoricalblocksThey divideditintogeneraldimensionsincludingsociety,economyandecology,and characteristicdimensionsincludingresourcesandculture,andthenusedDelphi methodforpreliminaryempowermenttogetthefinalresult.Themethodandpathof thisresearchisscientificandreasonable,butwhatneedstobeimprovedisthatit focusesmoreontheanalysisoftourism,whileitlacksconsiderationoftheheritage itselfandtheoriginalresidentsInaddition,thestudydidnotconfirmthefeasibility andeffectoftheevaluationsystemthroughfurtherapplication.Inthispaper,the authorhopestomakeupforthesedefects
ResearchMethod
Thisstudyusesacomprehensivemethodsystem,combinedwithquantitativeanalysis andqualitativeresearch,tobuildandverifyasetofsustainabilityevaluationsystem
applicabletothemicro-renewalprojectofresidentialhistoricaldistrictsinJiangnan areaTheresearchmainlyincludesthefollowingmethods:
Firstofall,throughliteratureanalysis,thetheoreticalresultsoftherenewalandmicro renewalpracticeofresidentialhistoricaldistrictsandsustainabledevelopment evaluationathomeandabroadwerewidelycollectedandsortedout,andthe theoreticalbasisfortheresearchbasisandevaluationframeworkconstructionwas clarified.Onthisbasis,theevaluationindicatorscoveringfourdimensionsofeconomy, society,environmentandcultureareinitiallyproposed.
Secondly,intermsofindexsystemconstructionandweightsetting,Analytic HierarchyProcess(AHP)isused.Bybuildingamulti-leveljudgmentmatrix,the complexevaluationfactorsaresystematizedandstructuredInthespecificoperation, the1-9scalemethodproposedbySaatyisusedtocomparetheimportanceofeach indexinpairs,andcalculatetheweightvalueofeachindexInordertoensurethe rationalityoftheresults,furtherConsistencyRatio(CR)iscarriedout.WhentheCR valueislessthan01,thejudgmentmatrixisconsideredtohaveacceptable consistency.Thismethodnotonlyimprovesthescientificandrigorousnatureofthe evaluationsystem,butalsoprovidesaclearlogicalbasisforthefinalscore Inthespecificprojectevaluationprocess,Likertfivelevelscalewasusedtoscoreeach evaluationindex.Likertscaleisawidelyusedattitudemeasurementtoolinsocial scienceresearch,whichcancapturethesubjectivejudgmentoftheevaluationsubject ontheperformanceofaspecificproject.Thescoringcriteriainthisstudyare:1means "completelyinconsistent",2is"basicallyinconsistent",3is"general",4is"relatively
consistent",and5is"completelyconsistent".Thismethodissuitablefortransforming qualitativecognitionintocomparablequantitativedata,soastoeffectivelyintegrate subjectivefeelingsandscientificevaluation.
Thesourcesofscoringdatamainlyincludethreetypes:oneisfieldresearchand observation,includingpedestriansurvey,residentinterviews,spaceobservation records,etc;Twoisthetextdatareleasedbythegovernmentandtheprojectparty, includingtheprojectplanningscheme,designdrawingsandsummaryreport;Threeis networkandmediadataanalysis,suchassocialmediauserfeedback,newsreports, platformreviews,etc.Thesedatatogethersupporttheaccuracyanduniversalityof Likert'sscore,andmakeupforthedeviationthatasingledatasourcemaybring.
Then,theresearchcombinestheLikertscoreresultswiththeAHPweight,andforms thecomprehensivescoreoftheprojectinfourdimensionsthroughweighted calculationThismethodintegratestheadvantagesofqualitativeanalysisand quantitativemeasurement,makingthewholesustainabilityassessmentsystemboth operationalandacademicpromotionvalue
Finally,thisstudyadoptsthesinglecasestudymethod,andselectstheXiaoxihu historicaldistrictinNanjingasatypicalcaseforanalysis.Theprojectisrepresentative intermsofculturalprotection,residents'participation,environmentalimprovement andblockgovernance,whichcanbetterreflectthepracticalproblemsandexploration directionofmicro-renewalpracticeinJiangnan.Throughtheapplicationofthe evaluationsysteminthecase,thefeasibilityandtherealityofadaptabilityweretested, andtheoptimizationsuggestionswereputforwardaccordingly.
EstablishmentofSustainabilityEvaluationIndicatorSystem
Hierarchicaldivision
Inordertobuildascientificandoperationalframeworkforevaluatingthe sustainabilityofrenovationprojectsofhistoricalandculturalblocks,thisstudy developedaspecificindicatorsystembasedontheprinciplesofsystematicness, representativeness,practicalityandmeasurability.Theseindicatorsdrawon literaturereviews,localdevelopmentbackgrounds,andrelevantpolicydocuments, aimingtoreflecttheoreticalfoundationsandregionalcharacteristics.
Theevaluationsystemisdividedintothreelevels:thetargetlevel,thecriterionlevel andindicatorlevel.Thethetargetlevelisthesustainabilityevaluationofthe residentialhistoricaldistrictsreconstructionproject,andthethecriterionlevelis dividedintofourcategories:economy,society,environmentandculture.These dimensionssummarizethecorepointsofthelong-termsurvivalabilityofresidential historicaldistricts.Asforthetheindicatorlevel,thefieldsurveyisfullycombined withSustainableDevelopmentGoals. Foreconomicsustainability,weshouldfirstlyconsiderwhethertheprojecthas broughttheareadynamicbusiness.ThisalignswithSDGgoal11ofSustainableCities andCommunities,whichintroducesmodernbusinessandlifestyleelementstomake communitiesmorelivableandattractiveSecondly,itisnecessarytoexaminewhether theprojecthasutilizedlocalcapitalandpromotedthedevelopmentoflocal enterprisesThisisrelatedtoGoal8DecentWorkandEconomicGrowth,whichhelps activatesmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,enhanceemploymentopportunities,and
isalsoworthnoting.ThisreflectstheconcernforGoal3,GoodHealthandWellbeing, toimproveresidents'physicalfitnessandenjoyahealthyandsustainablelifeAtthe sametime,supportingsanitationfacilitiesarealsoveryimportant,relatedtothegoal of6CleanWaterandSanitationEspeciallyfortraditionalresidentialhistorical districts,residentsusuallydonothaveindependentbathroomsandneedtoshare sanitationfacilitieswithotherresidentsoreventouristsTherefore,itsrenovationis animportantpartofimprovingthequalityoflifeofresidents.Thefinalpoint regardingsocialsustainabilityiswhethertheprojectrespectedthewishesoflocal residentsanddidnotcauseanyinconveniencetotheminthefuture.Thisisa requirementofGoal11,emphasizingtheimportanceofresidentparticipationand basichumanisticcareintheproject.
Forenvironmentsustainability,therearealso4pointstofocuson.Firstofall, whethergreenvegetationhasbeenprotectedoraddedtotheproject.Thisissueis closelyrelatedtotheGoal15LifeonLand,whichcanhelpalleviatetheurbanheat islandeffect.Thesecondiswhethertherenovationhascausedenvironmental pollution,suchasthegenerationofpungentgas,whichhascauseddamagetothe environmentandresidents'health,mainlyrelatedtoGoal12.Theprotectionofwater bodieswithinthesiteisalsoamatterofconcern,especiallyintheJiangnanregion wheremanybodiesofwaterareclosetoriversandotherbodiesofwater,requiring additionalattention,whichmeetstherequirementsofGoal6Finally,whetherthe projecthaspromotedtheuseofcleanenergy,reflectingconcernforthegoalof achieving7SustainableandCleanEnergy.Beforetherenovationoftraditional residentialbuildings,traditionalenergyisoftenused.Someappliancesconsumemore
Table3
Table2
Table4
Table5
Theabovematrixtableisnormalized.Thenormalizationformulaisthesumofeach elementdividedbythecolumn.Theformulaisexpressedasfollows:
Takingtheanalysisofthecriterionlevelasanexample,afterthisoperation,wecan getthenormalizedmatrixasshowninTable6
Table6
Forthismatrix,wecanfurthertaketheaveragevalueofeachrowandcalculatethe weightvector.Theformulais:
Therefore,wecangettheweightofeachiteminthethecriterionlevel:economy9987, society37.005,environment18.503,culture34.505(thetotalweightis100).
WhenCR<0.1,itmeansthattheverifiedcontenthaspassedtheconsistencytest.On
thecontrary,itisnecessarytoadjustthejudgmentmatrixtoimprovetheconsistency
Therefore,since0.00383<0.1,itisprovedthatthethecriterionlevelmatrixmeetsthe consistencyrequirementsandcanbeusedinpractice
Usingthesamemethodtoprocesstheitemsofthetheindicatorlevel,wecangettheir correspondingweights.Atthesametime,theconsistencyverificationwascarriedout, andtheconsistencyratiosofthefourtypesoftheindicatorlevelwere0.0151,0.0794, 0.0224and0.0263,whichwerealllessthan0.1,andpassedtheverification.
Completeevaluationindexsystem
Aftertheabovedataprocessing,thefollowingcompletesustainabilityevaluation indexsystemisobtainedasfollows:
Whethertobringdynamicbusiness4480
Whethertouselocalcapitaltopromote thedevelopmentoflocalenterprises2808
Whetherthereisfrequentreplacement anddecoration,causingunnecessary consumption 0.898
Whethertopromotelocalemployment1.801
Whethertoreducetheriskand vulnerabilityofclimaterelatedextreme weathereventsandothereconomic, socialandenvironmentalshocksand disasters 12369
Whetheritisconvenientforeducation development(suchastheconvenienceof reachingsurroundingschools,history educationinthesite,etc) 7743
Whetheritisinclinedtowomen(suchas toiletsettings)
Whetherthereareactivitiestopromote communitycommunicationandenhance communityidentity
Whetheritismulti-partycooperation2.222 Whethertoaddfacilitiessuchasfitness equipmentfortheblock 4441 Whethertherearesupportingsanitary facilities
Whetherthewishesoflocalresidents havebeenrespected,andtheyhavenot beentroubledinthefollow-up
Whethertoprotectoraddgreen vegetation
Whetheritcausespollutiontothe environment(suchaspungentsmell)2607 Whetherthewaterbodyinthesiteis protected
Whetherlocalculturalcharacteristics areemphasized
Whetheritreducesthecontactcostof peopletoheritagebuildings
Table7
SustainabilityAnalysisofMicro-regenerationProjectsinHistoricDistrictsin JiangsuRegion
Whenusingtheaboveevaluationsystemforevaluation,weusethe5-levelLikertscale, from1to5iscompletelyunqualifiedtofullyqualified.Fordifferenttheindicatorlevel contents,weadoptdifferentresearchmethods,asfollows:
Economy
FortheeconomicsustainabilityoftheXiaoxihuDistrict,avarietyofresearchmethods havebeenused,includingmapanalysis,on-sitevisits,dataviewingandsurveysof Internetmediainformation
Whenwelookattheheatmapofthearea,wecansee thattheoverallvitalityoftheeastsideofthestreet areaisrelativelyhigh,whilethepedestrianflowinthe middleandwestsidesisrelativelylow,especially duringweekends.Thisismainlybecause,asamust passfortouristsenteringthenearbypopular attractionofLaomenEast,HoopBucketLanenaturallyattractsalotoffoottraffic Throughfieldvisits,wefoundthattheshopsalongHoopongLanemainlysellNanjing specialtysnacks,whiletheshopsinthemiddleofthestreetmainlysellintangible culturalheritageexperience,culturaltours,formalmealsandbars.Therefore,the
Picture1-Theheatmap
snackshopsontheeastsidearedoingwellduetotheirconvenient"grabandgo" attributesandexcellentgeographicallocation
Forthesestores,wecanlearnfromtheinformationontheInternetthatsomeofthem areopenedbylocalcapital.Therearealsosomestoresthatarewelldesigned,and theyhaveannouncedtheirdesignandconstructionunits,fromwhichwecanalso knowtheirutilizationoflocalcapital.
Asforthefrequencyofcommercialrotationinthearea,throughtheinvestigationof on-siteandnetworkinformation,wecanknowthatmanystoresarecurrentlyvacant.
Youcanqueryinthenetworkinvestmentpromotioninformationthattheidlehouses intheblockareNo.23Xiaoxihu,No.46XiaoxihuandNo.23Madaostreet.Thebasic transformationofthesethreehouseshasbeencompleted,andthepropertyrights belongtothestate.Inadditiontothese,therearealsosomesmallerstoresfacing closureForexample,ashoponthewestsideofNo23,Madaostreet,usedtoexistas astreetfacade.Afterexperiencingtheadjustmentofbusinesscontent,itstillwentto thefateofbankruptcyInaddition,theoperationofsomeshopsintheblockisin danger.Theycanbeseenopeningoccasionally,buttheyareoftenclosed.
Asfortheemploymentsituationofresidentsintheblock,theauthorispleasedtosee thattherenovationprojecthaspromotedtheindependententrepreneurshipof residents.TheRedBookblogger"homeinthealley"sharedthatinspiredbythe NanjingintangibleculturalheritageVelvetFlowersstudioopenedintheblock,she openedherownexperiencestudioinheroldhouseinXiaoxihu.Shesaidthatsheis notaprofessionalandvelvetflowerisjustherpersonalhobby,butsheiswillingto
sharethecharmofthislocalintangibleculturalheritagewithothersinthisway.A smalltableandanoldwindowbuildasmallworldbelongingtoher
Society
Forsocialsustainability,wesawalotoffacilitiestoimprovethequalityoflifeof residentsduringthevisit.Intermsofsanitaryconditions,thereisabarrierfreepublic toiletintheblock,whichcanbasicallymeettheneedsofsurroundingresidentsand tourists.Theindicationsignsarealsobasicallyclear.However,theenvironmentand numberoftoiletsneedtobeimprovedcomparedwithotherrenovationhistorical blockssuchasYangzhourenfengli.Inaddition,intermsofhealthresources,itisnot inclinedtowomen,andeventhereisaseparatemaletoiletoutsidethebarrierfree publictoilet,whichstillneedstobeimproved.Thefitnessequipmentplacedinthe blockisatabletennistable.Duringtheinvestigation,someresidentshappenedtoplay tabletennishere.Theysaidthatitwastheirfavoritedailypastime,andthetable tennistableinthecommunityaddedfuntotheirlife.Inadditiontothese"soft facilities",the"hardfacilities"intheblockhavealsobeenimprovedTheunderground pipegalleryprojectofXiaoxihuLakeprovidescompletedomesticfirewatersupply, rainwaterandsewagediversiondrainage,power,informationandgassystemsinthis 1-4meternarrowstreet,whichpromotestheimprovementofresidents'livesandthe revivalofstreetfunctionsTheprojectadherestotheconceptof"notonlyprotecting andrestoringthetraditionallandscapeontheground,butalsoimprovingand improvingthemodernundergroundfacilities,soastoachievethesameappearance andinterior".Itisdesignednottodamagetheexistingbuildingsonbothsides,andto relocateresidentsonasmallscale.Itisplannedsystematicallyandimplementedin
sections,whichisconvenientforoperationandmaintenancemanagement,updating andexpansion,andavoidingthe"zipper"maintenanceofrepeatedexcavationDuring theconstructionperiod,thereislittleinterferencetoresidents'lives,andthereisno negativeimpactonthelandscapeaftertheconstructionThisprojectimprovesthe street'sabilitytocopewithextremeweathersuchasrainstorms,andalsoimproves residents'senseofwell-beingInaddition,fortheoldhousesintheblock,theproject hasalsocarriedoutlarge-scaleandcarefulmaintenance,includingtheframework,so thatthedampanddilapidated"dangeroushouses"havebecomebrightandmodern newhouses.Buildingsintheblockarealsoequippedwith"oldbuildingsafety inspectioncode",whichisconvenientforregularinspectionofhousingconditionsand protectionofresidents'lifesafety.
Inadditiontotheabovematerialproperties,thespiritualsocialsustainabilityofthe smallWestLakeblockisalsoworthpayingattentionto.Intermsofeducational development,thehistoryofXiaoxihuPrimarySchoolintheblockcanbetracedback toitspredecessor"Puyutang"in1906.Therenovatedblockreopenedthesouthgate ofXiaoxihuPrimarySchool,easingthetrafficpressureattheoriginalnorthgateand makingitmoreconvenientforchildrentoparticipateinculturalactivitiesintheblock afterschoolandimprovetheirpersonalknowledgeandliteracyXiaoxihuPrimary Schoolalsotakestheculturalconnotationandvalueembodimentof"lotusandevery beauty"inWestLakeasitsdevelopmentvisiontostrengthenthecomprehensive qualitytrainingofchildren.Intheconstructionofcommunityculture,both educationalandcommunityaspectsaretakenintoaccount.Intermsofeducation,the smallWestLakeinsectmuseumintheprojectprovidesresidentsandtouristswith
wishesof1173householdsthroughfiveroundsofhouseholdsurveys,andfoundthat morethanhalfofthehouseholdschosetostaybecauseofcomplexpropertyrights andemotionalconstraints.Inthisregard,theprojectinnovationputsforwardthe mechanismof"gradualrenewalofsmallunits":dividetheblockinto127microunits, andstarttherenovationonlyafterallpropertyownersintheunitreachanagreement, soastoavoidtheoverallstagnationcausedbytheoppositionofafewpeople Residentscanchoosevariousrenewalmethodssuchas"monetarycompensation", "housereplacement"or"relocation".Forexample,thedivisionofpropertyrightsof theXuqingfamilyatNo.39,duichaolanewascomplex.Finally,therenovationof dilapidatedhouseswascompletedthroughthemodeof"propertyowner contribution+governmentsubsidy".Thegovernmentassumed60%ofthecost,which notonlyretainedthefamilymemoryofthesevengenerations'ancestralhouses,but alsoobtainedmodernlivingfacilities.TheRepublicofChinaBuildingofgrandma Dong'shouse,90,wasrenovationintoacoffeeshopthrough"overalllease",andthe 150yearoldfurniturewasrestoredasanexhibit.Andsheoftenvisitedtheoldhouse aftermovingintoanearbycommercialhouse,continuingherhomesicknessinthe aromaofcoffee.Inaddition,inadditiontoresidents'participationindecision-making, thesmallWestLakerenovationprojectalsoenablesresidentstodeeplyparticipatein thedesignThedesignerincarnatesasa"coordinator"tolistentoresidents'needsand translatethemintopracticalsolutions.Forexample,inthe"symbioticcourtyard"at No31,duichaolane,aftertwoyears'negotiation,15householdsfinallychoseto relocate.Twoelderlypeopleleftbehindproposedto"preservethepubliccourtyard". Thedesignerthenintegratedthevacatedspace,addingakitchenandstorageatticfor
theelderly,andintroducingculturalandcreativeshopstoformafireworksscene where"dryingpreservedmeat"and"intangibleculturalheritageexperience"coexist Theoverallrenovationfullyreflectstherespectandmaintenanceofresidents' personalwishesandinterests,andhasbecomeamodelexampleofmicro-renewal renovation.However,thishasalsoledtoexcessiveattentiontothisproject.Some residentssaidtheywereboredwiththefrequentvisitsofexperts,scholarsand students,whichnotonlytroubledthedailylifeofindigenouspeople,butalsowasnot conducivetothedevelopmentofscientificresearch(YangLi,2024).
Therefore,theprojectinvolvestheparticipationofmanyparties.AsHanDongqing, chiefarchitectofSoutheastUniversityArchitecturalDesignandResearchInstituteCo., Ltd.,saidatthe2024ChinaUrbanPlanningAnnualConference,"Today,theliving environmentoftheneighborhoodhasbeensignificantlyimproved.Thisachievement hasbroughttogetherthejointeffortsofgovernmentdepartments,construction implementationentities,streetcommitteesandresidents,planninganddesign personnel,constructionunitsandbusinesses,coveringcurrentsituationsurveys, planninganddesign,policyformulation,infrastructureandpublicfacilities construction,housingrenovation,serviceoperationsandotheraspects."(Han Donqing,2024)
Environment
Asfortheenvironmentalsustainabilityoftheproject,wecanseefromthecomparison ofthetopviewofthesitebeforeandaftertherenovationthatabouthalfofthetree vegetationwasretainedduringtherenovation,whichisconducivetoecological
characteristicsandscaleoftheblock.Theblockalsoplaysagoodroleinpromoting thecharacteristicsofthelocalintangibleculturalheritageWhenattracting investment,studio-typeshopsareencouragedtosettleintheblock.Atpresent,there arethreeintangibleculturalheritage-relatedstudiosintheblock,namelytheChina ColorPlantDyeingMuseummentionedabove,theWuYihuangheadquartersandthe MasterGuYeliangStudio
Picture2-TopViewofXiaoxihu2018Picture3-TopViewofXiaoxihu2024
TheChinaColorPlantDyeingMuseumwasjointlybuiltbytheInstituteofBotany, ChineseAcademyofSciences,JiangsuProvinceandtheQinhuaiDistrictGovernment. ItisamuseumwithplantdyeingasitsthemePlantdyeingreferstoaprocessof dyeingthedyedobjectsbyextractingpigmentsfromvariouspigment-containing plantsthatgrownaturallyinnatureThemuseumbringstogetherthemodern innovativeachievementsofmycountry'splantdyeingintangibleculturalheritageand promotesthevigorousdevelopmentofdomesticplantdyeingartAvarietyof temporaryexhibitionsandworkshopsarealsoheldhereregularly,bringingresidents andtouristsavarietyofexperiencesMoreover,asthefirstplantdyeingmuseumin China,itisnotonlyadisplayplatform,butalsoacross-disciplinaryandcross-field jointinnovationandresourcelinkingplatform.Wuyihuangisabrandstorefounded
disseminationofintangibleculturalheritage,makingiteasierforpeopletoaccess materialandintangibleheritageandimprovingtheculturalliteracyofthemasses
Basedontheaboveinvestigationandanalysis,wegivethesustainabilityscoreof NanjingXiaoxihuprojectasfollows.
Table8
Fromthiscalculation,thesustainabilityscoreofXiaoxihublocktransformationis 4.63372,whichisrelativelyhigh.
Suggestionsforfurtherdevelopment
Asamodelofmicro-renewalofresidentialhistoricalblocksinrecentyears,the analysisandscoringofNanjingsmallWestLakeprojecthaveprovedthatitisindeeda commendableexcellentrenovationandrenewalpracticeHowever,thereisstillroom forimprovementanddevelopment.
Economically,forsubsequentbusinesses,acomprehensiveassessmentoftheir developmentprospectsshouldbeconductedtoensuretheirvitalityandreducelosses, whichisalsoarequirementforenvironmentalimprovementSecondly,localresidents shouldbegivenpriorityinrecruitmenttocreatemoreemploymentopportunities.In
history,cultureandrenovationsignificance,sothatthemasses'understandingofthis placedoesnotstayatthesurface
Conclusion
Withthecontinuousdeepeningofresearchandthediversifiedattemptsofpractice, therenovationandrenovationofresidentialhistoricalblocksnowpaymoreandmore attentiontotheinfluenceof"people".Thesignificanceofrenewalisnolongerlimited totherestorationofphysicalspaceorthepromotionofeconomicgrowth,buttopay moreattentiontothelifeexperienceofresidents,theinternalstructureofthe communityandthecontinuationofculture.Inthiscontext,theestablishmentofa scientific,systematicandlocallyadaptivesustainabilityevaluationsystemhasbecome akeypathtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofStreetRenewalandguidethefollow-up developmentstrategy.Thispaperattemptstobuildanevaluationframeworksuitable forthepracticeofmicro-renewalinJiangnanarea,andverifyitthroughempirical cases,inordertopromotetheprotectionlogicofhistoricalblocksfrom"project oriented"to"mechanismoriented"
Theevaluationsystemstartsfromthefourdimensionsofeconomy,society, environmentandculture,andusesAHPmethodforweightdistribution,aimingto buildacomprehensiveevaluationtoolwithclearstructureandstrictlogic.Different fromthetraditionalrenewalevaluationmethodbasedoneconomicbenefits,the frameworkproposedinthispaperemphasizesthebalanceofmultiplevalues,and emphasizestheconsiderationoftheoverallresilience,culturalsustainability,
environmentalfriendlinessandeconomicfeasibilityofthecommunity,soastomake theevaluationprocessmoreholisticandsustainable
TakingthesmallWestLakeprojectinNanjingasanexample,itsperformanceis particularlyprominentintheculturaldimension.Theprojectnotonlyprotectsthe textureandstyleoftheblock,butalsostimulatesthelivinginheritanceofcultural resourcesbyIntroducingIntangibleCulturalHeritageexperiencespaceand communityculturalactivities.Intermsofsocialdimension,theprojectattachesgreat importancetothewishesofresidents,promotesmicro-renewalinthewayof "negotiationandcoconstruction",andrealizesthereal"residentsoriented".
Educationalresources,publicfacilitiesandculturalactivitiesinthecommunityhave beenpromotedtogether,formingabenigninteraction,andenhancingresidents'sense ofbelongingandparticipationinthespace.
Theenvironmentaldimensionisreflectedintheprotectionofecologicalsensitivity andtheimprovementofinfrastructure.Whilepreservingtheoriginalgreenspaceand restoringthehistoricalwaterbody,theprojectreducespollutioninterferenceand improvestheecologicalqualitythroughtheenvironmentalaccessmechanism.
Althoughtherearestillshortcomingsintheuseofcleanenergy,spaceisreservedfor futuregreentransformation.
Theeconomiclevelrevealsthebalanceprobleminmicro-renewal.Althoughthe projecthasdrivensomecommercialvitality,thephenomenonofvacantshopsinsome streetsectionsstillexists,suggestingthattheoperationmechanismneedstobe strengthened.Inthefuture,weshouldintegratelocalresourcesmoresystematically,
guideresidents'entrepreneurialparticipation,andformavirtuouscycleofcultural protectionandeconomicvitality
Overall,thesustainabilityevaluationsystemconstructedinthispaperisnotonlyan evaluationtool,butalsoavalueorientation.Itpromotesustounderstandthetrue meaningof"renewal"ofhistoricalblocksfromamulti-dimensionalperspective,so thatspaceregenerationisnolongerlimitedtotherepairofvisuallevel,buta systematicprocesstoimprovethequalityofhumansettlements,strengthencultural identity,promotesocialequityandenhanceecologicalresilience.Therenovationand developmentofhistoricalblocksinthefutureshouldchangethefocusofthinking, fromfocusingonthegovernanceofspatialformtograduallymovingtowardsin-depth understandingandrespectfortheculturalcontext,andrespondtothecomplex coexistenceofurbantextureandurbanmemorythroughamorediverse,collaborative andinclusivemechanism.
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