为共享而设计
sharing Sharing and design for shareability. By Jeffrey CHAN Kok Hui and Ye ZHANG
设计 曾国辉，张烨
Designing sharing systems Sharing today is both a social practice and an economic institution. As the former, sharing practices have been found throughout history and across the world in many different forms. For instance, the sharing of responsibilities and resources was seen to be fundamental for survival in the hunter-gatherer societies of prehistory (Harari, 2015). But as for the latter, sharing is a somewhat novel phenomenon in the so-called Sharing Economy. And sharing practices have been exemplified by the recent emergence of rapidly growing enterprises such as Airbnb, Uber and Mobike. Never theless, the marriage bet ween the time-honoured social practice of sharing and the enterprises found in this relatively new ‘Sharing Economy’ has been an uneasy one. This is because many of the practices found in the Sharing Economy exploited the approbative image of these time-honoured practices of sharing—for instance, altruism (Tomasello, 2009)—even when they have little in common with actual (i.e., unremunerated) sharing practices (John, 2017). After all, are enterprises offering shared meeting spaces (e.g., https://www.sharedesk.net) or the shared car services (e.g., https://www.zipcar. com), about sharing, or more pointedly, more about for-profit rental services merely masked by a high-sounding rhetoric? But barring unproductive cynicism and presuming a more charitable reception, these new ‘sharing’
100