18 Post modifiers I
㩲┞䗒㦮 㰧㠦 ṚG㩗㧊G㧞㠊㣪. “(I) have been to Jennifer’s house.” Ἶ䝚⯒ ⺆㤊G㩗㧊G㠜㠊㣪. “(I) have never learned golf.” The auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚 ⽊┺ “try (doing) something” is often used with the form ~(㦒)ච 㩗/㧒㧊 㧞┺/㠜┺, as shown below: ㍲㤎㠦 ṖG⽎G㩗㧊G㧞㠊㣪. “(I) have been to Seoul.” ㍶㌳┮㦚 Ⱒ⋮G⽎G㩗㧊G㠜㠊㣪. “(I) have never met the teacher.” 㧒⽎㠦㍲ 㧒䟊G⽎G㩗㧊G㧞㠊㣪? “Have (you) ever worked in Japan?” 䞲ῃ 㦢㔳㦚 ⲏ㠊G ⽎G 㧒㧊G 㧞㠊㣪? “Have (you) ever tried Korean food?” Notice that ~㠊/㞚 ⽎ 㩗/㧒㧊 㧞┺/㠜┺ highlights whether the subject has an/no experience of doing something. In addition, when it is used in an interrogative sentence, the form expresses “Have you ever?” Various time-related expressions, such as 䞲 ╂ 㩚㠦 “a month ago” and 㧧⎚㠦 “last year,” can be used with ~㠊/㞚 ⽎ 㩗/㧒㧊 㧞┺/㠜┺. However, since ~㠊/㞚 ⽎ 㧒/㩗㧊 㧞┺/㠜┺Gnormally refers to a temporarily distant experience, the use of relatively recent time-related expressions, such as 㰖⋲ 㭒㠦 “last week” and 㠊㩲 “yesterday,” is inappropriate. OvP 㧧⎚㠦 䞲ῃ㠊⯒ ⺆㤢 ⽎ 㩗㧊 㧞㠊㣪. “(I) have an experience of learning Korean last year.” O P 㠊㩲 䞲ῃ㠊⯒ ⺆㤢 ⽎ 㩗㧊 㧞㠊㣪. “(I) have an experience of learning Korean yesterday.”
~⓪G ⓪G ☯㞞 The noun ☯㞞 means “a while/an interval,” as in 㡺⨁ ☯㞞 “for a long time,” ㌒ ⎚ ☯㞞 “for three years,” and Ỿ㤎 䞯 ☯㞞 “during winter vacation.” The combination of ☯㞞 and the noun-modifying ending ~⓪, as in ~⓪ ☯㞞, expresses two situations or activities that overlap in time. The form ~⓪ ☯㞞 is equivalent to “while” or “during,” as shown below: 䄺䞒⯒ Ⱎ㔲⓪G☯㞞 “while drinking coffee” ☚㍲ὖ㠦㍲ 㺛㦚 㧓⓪G☯㞞 “while reading the book in the library” 䂲ῂ䞲䎢 㩚䢪䞮⓪G☯㞞 “while making a phone call to (my) friend” Since ~⓪ ☯㞞 indicates this temporal relation, the particle 㠦 can be used optionally after the form, as in ~⓪ ☯㞞㠦.
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㑮㧪㧊 ㌂ⶊ㔺㠦㍲ 㧒䞮⓪G ☯㞞㠦 ⌊Ṗ ⪲゚㠦㍲ ₆┺⪎㠊㣪. “While Susan worked in the office, (I) waited in the lobby.”