NOBCChE 34th Annual Conference of NOBCChE | Orlando, Florida | April 1-7, 2007

34th Annual Conference The National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

NOBCChE 2007 “No Limits. Know The Future. Know NOBCChE.ʺ

Orlando Grande Lakes, Orlando, Florida April 1 - 7, 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Welcome Letters

Future Conference Locations

iv

Hotel Layout

xii

xi

Conference Sponsors

1

Conference at a Glance

2

NOBCChE Endowment Education Fund

Program Schedule (Detailed)

NOBCChE 2007 Career Fair Exhibitors

Forum and Workshop Abstracts

Conference Speakers

Technical Abstracts

Poster Session Abstracts

National Conference Planning Committee

National Conference Planning Committee Subcommittees

8 11

51

53 65 84 153 211 212

N BCChE National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

Dear NOBCChE Family and Friends,

On behalf of the Board of Directors of the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (NOBCChE), I welcome you to the 34th Annual Conference. It is my pleasure to invite you to actively participate in the technical programs, career fair, science bowl and fair,

exhibits, and teachers’ workshops. I encourage you to partake of the Florida sunshine and other attractions in Orlando, Florida.

This yearʹs theme, ʺNo Limits. Know the Future. Know NOBCChE,ʺ signals NOBCChE’s commitment to enhancing the knowledge and skills of minority chemists and chemical engineers, which will enable them to build and protect the scientific infrastructure of our nation and our communities. While this conference offers opportunities for African‐American scientists in academia, government, and industry to network, NOBCChE’s core mission is, and will remain, dedicated to preparing students to excel academically and to pursue careers in science and technology. In doing so, we support African‐American scientists and engineers in developing and advancing their careers.

As you look through this conference program and develop a feel for the convention, I am confident you will increase your desire to understand the multifaceted world of chemistry and be inspired to pursue your future through NOBCChE.

Sincerely,

President Joseph Francisco, Ph.D. Purdue University President@nobcche.org Vice-President Isiah Warner, Ph.D. Louisiana State University iwarner@lsu.edu Secretary Sharon J. Barnes Dow Chemical Company secretary@nobcche.org Treasurer Lolita Grant, CPS Atlanta, GA treasurer@nobcche.org National Student Rep. Tamiika K. Hurst University of Michigan Studentrep@nobcche.org Midwest Regional Chair Kimberly D. Jackson The Procter and Gamble Company midwest@nobcche.org Northeast Regional Chair Patrick Gordon, Ph.D. Boston, MA northeast@nobcche.org Southeast Regional Chair James Grainger, Ph.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention southeast@nobche.org Southwest Regional Chair Melvin Poulson Schering-Plough southwest@nobcche.org West Regional Chair Isom Harrison Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. west@nobcche.org EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Bobby L. Wilson, Ph.D., Chairman Texas Southern University boardchair@nobcche.org Victor McCrary, PhD., Vice Chairman Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratories response@nobcche.org Denise Barnes, Ph.D. Georgia Medical Institute Perry Catchings Prime Organics, Inc. Darrell Davis Committee for Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

Bobby L. Wilson, Ph.D.

Ella Davis McNeil PPC Ronald Lewis, Ph.D. San Diego, CA Gloria Thomas, Ph.D. Mississippi State University

P.O. Box 77040 Washington, DC 20013 202-667-1699

www.nobcche.org

N BCChE National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers President Joseph Francisco, Ph.D. Purdue University President@nobcche.org

Joseph Francisco, Ph.D. NOBCChE President 2007

I would like to take this time to WELCOME you to the 34th Annual Meeting of NOBCChE. We are pleased to return once again to the city of Orlando where this magical experience with conference participants like yourself, promises to bring much excitement with this meeting. If this is your first NOBCChE Annual Conference, you will soon see the warmth and supportive atmosphere that brings others back year after year. Just as Orlando provides an opportunity to relax and enjoy, our NOBCChE Conference provides an opportunity for you to network, engage in professional development, and learn about the latest technical breakthroughs in research in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.

The theme of this year’s conference, “No Limits...Know the Future...Know NOBCChE”, reaffirms our commitment to providing a greater awareness about NOBCChE what we have to offer you. NOBCChE is committed to helping people in our community develop the skills that will be imperative to succeed in this globally competitive market.

The National Planning Committee has worked diligently to organize a conference that reinforces the organizations goals with our commitment to Education, Professional Development, Mentoring and Scientific Excellent. Some of the highlights of our conference include our educational workshop where we will focus on ways to improve test scores of minority students. There is also a professional development workshop on “Funding Opportunities for Chemist” and our annual Health Symposium where this year our focus is on Obesity and the Health Risks Associated with this Disease. Our annual meeting also allows us the opportunity to recognize those that have reached excellence in the scientific community with the Percy Julian Award, Henry Hill Lecturer and the Distinguished Scientist Lecturer. The later part of our conference celebrates our students from across the country with our annual Science Bowl and Science Fair competition. We offer an experience for everyone.

I urge you to take advantage of the conference and all it offers along with experiencing the magic of Orlando. Together, we can raise the level of excellence within the chemical profession. Enjoy the conference!

P.O. Box 77040 Washington, DC 20013 202-667-1699

www.nobcche.org

Vice-President Isiah Warner, Ph.D. Louisiana State University iwarner@lsu.edu Secretary Sharon J. Barnes Dow Chemical Company secretary@nobcche.org Treasurer Lolita Grant, CPS Atlanta, GA treasurer@nobcche.org National Student Rep. Tamiika K. Hurst University of Michigan Studentrep@nobcche.org Midwest Regional Chair Kimberly D. Jackson The Procter and Gamble Company midwest@nobcche.org Northeast Regional Chair Patrick Gordon, Ph.D. Boston, MA northeast@nobcche.org Southeast Regional Chair James Grainger, Ph.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention southeast@nobche.org Southwest Regional Chair Melvin Poulson Schering-Plough southwest@nobcche.org West Regional Chair Isom Harrison Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. west@nobcche.org EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Bobby L. Wilson, Ph.D., Chairman Texas Southern University boardchair@nobcche.org Victor McCrary, PhD., Vice Chairman Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratories response@nobcche.org Denise Barnes, Ph.D. Georgia Medical Institute Perry Catchings Prime Organics, Inc. Darrell Davis Committee for Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

Ella Davis McNeil PPC Ronald Lewis, Ph.D. San Diego, CA Gloria Thomas, Ph.D. Mississippi State University

N BCChE National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

Tamiika K. Hurst NOBCChE National Student Representative 2004‐2007

Greetings All, NOBCChE has built a reputation for being an organization that creates possibilities and generates opportunities. Our level of commitment to advance diversity in science and engineering has NO LIMITS!

This venue welcomes partnerships with any community dedicated to academic excellence, mentoring and the leadership training of under‐ represented scientists and engineers. The technical sessions have been set up as a platform for identifying and recruiting young scientists. The workshops will be the forums for addressing issues that impact personal and professional development. We want you to KNOW THE FUTURE as we move beyond basic, beyond proficient to extraordinaire!

Welcome to NOBCChE‐AM 34!

Get to KNOW NOBCChE! Help your network to get to KNOW NOBCChE! I know, the stronger the force, the deeper the impact as we nurture a culture of achievement throughout our educational pipeline.

President Joseph Francisco, Ph.D. Purdue University President@nobcche.org Vice-President Isiah Warner, Ph.D. Louisiana State University iwarner@lsu.edu Secretary Sharon J. Barnes Dow Chemical Company secretary@nobcche.org Treasurer Lolita Grant, CPS Atlanta, GA treasurer@nobcche.org National Student Rep. Tamiika K. Hurst University of Michigan Studentrep@nobcche.org Midwest Regional Chair Kimberly D. Jackson The Procter and Gamble Company midwest@nobcche.org Northeast Regional Chair Patrick Gordon, Ph.D. Boston, MA northeast@nobcche.org Southeast Regional Chair James Grainger, Ph.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention southeast@nobche.org Southwest Regional Chair Melvin Poulson Schering-Plough southwest@nobcche.org West Regional Chair Isom Harrison Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. west@nobcche.org EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Bobby L. Wilson, Ph.D., Chairman Texas Southern University boardchair@nobcche.org Victor McCrary, PhD., Vice Chairman Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratories response@nobcche.org Denise Barnes, Ph.D. Georgia Medical Institute Perry Catchings Prime Organics, Inc. Darrell Davis Committee for Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

Ella Davis McNeil PPC Ronald Lewis, Ph.D. San Diego, CA Gloria Thomas, Ph.D. Mississippi State University

P.O. Box 77040 Washington, DC 20013 202-667-1699

www.nobcche.org

N BCChE National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

Welcome to the 34th Annual NOBCChE Conference Darrell Davis, Chair, NOBCChE National Planning Committee Dear Attendees: On behalf of the NOBCChE National Planning Committee, I want to welcome you to the 34th Annual Conference of the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers. We are back in the city that produced our greatest attendance at a NOBCChE conference. We hope to repeat that accomplishment and again enjoy Orlando and its favorable family environment. When we were here in 2005, we had the JW Marriott Orlando, Grande Lakes Hotel virtually to ourselves. However, in 2007 there is an additional large conference occurring simultaneously. Therefore, some of our meeting functions will be held in the adjacent Ritz Carlton property. Both properties are five star rated. Please take some time to enjoy many of the amenities that they offer, including the world class Spa and Fitness Center.

The Planning Committee has chosen the theme “No limits. Know the Future. Know NOBCChE.” It is our goal that the program that we have planned has NO LIMITS in meeting your expectations and that it will provide you with enough technical information to aid you in developing and advancing your career. This program booklet contains supplemental information in addition to the daily conference schedules, technical abstracts, and speaker’s bios. We hope that this will assist you in getting to KNOW NOBCChE. The program starts on Sunday with a special workshop for women chemists. It continues on Monday with a Teachers Workshop, the Henry Hill Lecture, a luncheon sponsored by the American Chemical Society, and the ACS Distinguished Scientist Symposium. The technical presentations and professional development sessions run Monday through Friday and include the RohmHaas Undergraduate Research Competition, Poster Presentations, and the new Dolphus E. Milligan Symposium (sponsored by The University of Maryland and NIST). This year’s Health Forum, which focuses on Obesity in the African – American Community, will take place on Tuesday afternoon. The Awards Banquet will showcase corporate recognition of some outstanding undergraduate and graduate students, professional honors, such as the Percy Julian Award, and numerous recognition awards for exemplary service to NOBCChE. The conference will conclude on Friday with the finals of the Science Bowl Competition and the Students Awards Luncheon. Get to Know the Future!

There are many corporate, government, and academic exhibitors and sponsors in attendance. Please visit their booths to explore their professional and educational opportunities.

President Joseph Francisco, Ph.D. Purdue University President@nobcche.org Vice-President Isiah Warner, Ph.D. Louisiana State University iwarner@lsu.edu Secretary Sharon J. Barnes Dow Chemical Company secretary@nobcche.org Treasurer Lolita Grant, CPS Atlanta, GA treasurer@nobcche.org National Student Rep. Tamiika K. Hurst University of Michigan Studentrep@nobcche.org Midwest Regional Chair Kimberly D. Jackson The Procter and Gamble Company midwest@nobcche.org Northeast Regional Chair Patrick Gordon, Ph.D. Boston, MA northeast@nobcche.org Southeast Regional Chair James Grainger, Ph.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention southeast@nobche.org Southwest Regional Chair Melvin Poulson Schering-Plough southwest@nobcche.org West Regional Chair Isom Harrison Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. west@nobcche.org EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Bobby L. Wilson, Ph.D., Chairman Texas Southern University boardchair@nobcche.org Victor McCrary, PhD., Vice Chairman Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratories response@nobcche.org Denise Barnes, Ph.D. Georgia Medical Institute Perry Catchings Prime Organics, Inc. Darrell Davis Committee for Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

Ella Davis McNeil PPC Ronald Lewis, Ph.D. San Diego, CA Gloria Thomas, Ph.D. Mississippi State University

P.O. Box 77040 Washington, DC 20013 202-667-1699

www.nobcche.org

FUTURE NOBCChE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SITES AND DATES

2008 Philadelphia Marriott Downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania March 24 ‐ 29, 2008

2009 Renaissance Grand Hotel St. Louis, Missouri April 13 ‐ 18, 2009

2010 Marriott Marquis Atlanta Downtown Atlanta, Georgia March 29 ‐ April 3, 2010

P.O. Box 77040 Washington, DC 20013 202-667-1699

www.nobcche.org

The 34th Annual Conference of The National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

CONFERENCE SPONSORS NOBCChE extends its thanks and appreciation to the companies listed below for their contributions to NOBCChE 2007.

3M Corporation St. Paul, MN

Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI

Abbott Laboratories Abbott Park, IL

Agilent Technologies Palo Alto, CA

American Association for the Advancement of Science Washington, DC

American Chemical Society Washington, DC

Bayer Material Science Pittsburgh, PA

Drug Enforcement Administration Washington, DC

Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis, IN GlaxoSmithKline King of Prussia, PA

The Lubrizol Corporation Wickliffe, OH National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD

Roche Nutley, NJ

Boehringer‐Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield, CT

Colgate‐Palmolive Company Piscataway, NJ

Committee for Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists Eugene, OR

Rohm and Haas Company Spring House, PA University of Maryland College Park, MD

UNCF Special Programs Corporation (UNCFSP) Fairfax, VA

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CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE

Date

Description

Room

Sunday

April 1

24 Hours 6:00 AM – 7:00 PM 6:30 AM – 7:15am 7:00 AM – 8:00 AM 9:00 AM – 12:00 N 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 12 N ‐ 1:30 pm 4:00 PM ‐ 6:00 PM 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM

Planners Office Cordova 3 Porte Cochere Foyer Salons D‐E La Serena Board Room La Serena Board Room TBD TBD Foyer Salons D‐E Salon A

10:00 PM – 12:00 AM

Office Science Bowl/Fair Office Healthy Lifestyles Work Out COACh Registration Press Room NPC Meeting COACh Workshop COACh Luncheon Conference Registration Welcome Reception (Sponsored by COACh and NOBCChE) Hospitality

Monday

April 2

24 Hours 24 Hours 7:30 AM – 4:00 PM (closed 12:00 N ‐ 1:15 pm) 6:30 AM – 7:15am 8:30 AM – 10:15 AM

Science Bowl/Fair Office Office Registration

Cordova 3 (press room) Planners Office Foyer Salons D‐E

Healthy Lifestyles Work Out Opening Session

Porte Cochere Palazzo Salon A‐E

7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM –2:00 PM 7:30 AM – 9:00 AM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM

NPC Meeting Press Room Coffee Teacher’s Workshop

Milagro Boardroom La Serena Board Room Foyer Salons D‐E Salons 2

JW Parlor

Sponsored by AAAS, Abbott Laboratories, NOBCChE Midland Chapter, Ross Products, and Roche Pharmaceuticals

10:30 AM ‐ 11:45 AM

Henry Hill Lecture

Mediterranean Salon 3

Sponsored by the American Chemistry Society Northeast Section

Speaker: Dr. Reatha Clark King, Former President and Board Chair, General Mills Foundation 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:15 PM ACS Luncheon Valencia Terrance & Lawn Speaker: Dr. Catherine Hunt, President, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 2

CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE Monday, April 2 (Cont.)

1:30 PM – 3:00 PM

Cordova 2

1:30 PM – 3:20 PM

Technical Session #1: Anlytical and Atmospheric Chemistry Technical Session #2: Nanomaterials

Amarante 2

2:00 PM – 3:30 PM 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM

Board Meeting La Serena Boardroom Technical Session #3: Modeling and Cordova 2 Simulation 3:30 PM – 5:00 PM Technical Session #4: Polymer Materials Amarante 2 Chemistry 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM Press Room La Serena Board Room 4:30 PM – 5:30 PM Meeting Salon F 4:45 PM – 6:00 PM ACS Distinguished Scientist Del Lago 1‐2 Speaker: Dr. Kenneth Olden, Former Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 8:00 PM – 10:00 PM Supported Students Meeting Cordova 2 6:00 PM – 7:30 PM NOBCChE Reception Valencia Lawn Back‐up Salons F‐H 10:00 PM – 12:00 AM Hospitality JW Parlor

Tuesday

April 3

24 Hours 24Hours 6:30 AM – 7:15am 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM ‐ 12 Noon

Science Bowl/Fair Office Office – President’s Healthy Lifestyles Work Out Meeting Meeting GES Set‐up for Exhibitors

Cordova 3 Planners Office Porte Cochere Amarante 1 Cordova 1 Palazzo Salon A‐H

7:00 AM – 11:00 PM 7:30 AM – 9:00 AM 8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM 8:00 AM – 9:00 AM 9:00 AM – 12:00 N

NPC Meeting Coffee Registration NOBCChE/ACS Meeting NASA Astrobiology Workshop Technical Session #5: Chemical Education

La Serena Boardroom Foyer Salons D‐E Foyer Salons D‐E Milagro Boardroom Del Lago 3 Cordova 2

9:00 AM – 10:00 PM

Technical Session #6: Organometallic Chemistry Technical Session #7: Special Topics in Materials

Amarante 2

10:00 AM – 12:00 N

3

Amarante 2

CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE Tuesday, April 3 (Cont.)

10:00 AM – 11:45 AM Forensic Workshop ʺDisciplines of Forensic Chemistryʺ 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:00 PM Northeast Regional Meeting 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:00 PM Southeast Regional Meeting 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:00 PM Midwest Regional Meeting 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:00 PM Southwest Regional Meeting 12:00 Noon ‐ 1:00 PM West Regional Meeting 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM Exhibit Set‐up

Del Lago 1‐2 Amarante 1 Cordova 1 Del Lago 1 Del Lago 2 Amarante 2 Palazzo Salon A‐H

1:00 PM – 3:00 PM

Del Lago 3‐4

4:00 PM – 5:00 PM

NOBCChE Health Symposium “Obesity In the African–American Community” NOBCChE Rohm and Haas

Undergraduate Research Competition Exhibitorʹs Meeting

6:00 PM – 7:30 PM 10:00 PM – 12:00 AM

NOBCChE Reception Hospitality

Salons 2‐3 Suite

Wednesday

April 4

3:30 PM ‐ 5:00 PM

24 Hours 24 Hours 6:30 AM – 7:15AM 8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM 8:00 AM ‐ 12:00 N 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 8:00 AM ‐ 6:00 PM 8:30 AM – 10:15am 7:00 AM – 11:00 PM 10:30 AM ‐12:00N

P Science Bowl/Fair Office Office Healthy Lifestyles Work Out Registration Exhibit Set‐up Interview Space Press Room General Session Breakfast NPC Meeting Percy Julian Lecture ‐ Dr. Kenneth R. Carter, Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts 12:00 Noon – 1:15 PM Percy Julian Luncheon

Cordova 2 Palazzo Salon A‐H

Cordova 3 Planners Office Porte Cochere Foyer Salons D‐E Palazzo Salon A‐H Milagro Boardroom La Serena Boardroom Salons 2‐3 (breakfast) La Serena Boardroom Cordova 2

Ritz Carlton/Tuscany Salon A‐D

Speaker: Dr. Stephen C. McGuire, Chair, Department of Physics Southern University and A&M College

1:30 PM ‐ 5:00 PM Career Fair (with Opening ceremony) Palazzo Salon A‐H 4

CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE Wednesday, April 4 (Cont.)

2:00 PM ‐ 4:00 PM 4:30 PM – 5:30 PM 3:00 PM – 4:00 PM 5:00 PM – 6:30 PM 5:00 PM – 6:00 PM

Science Competition Registration GEM Workshop Town Hall Meeting Dolphus E. Milligan Symposium Poster Set‐up

Foyer Palazzo Salons D‐E Amarante 2 Amarante 3 Salon H Palazzo Salon A‐H

6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Foyer Salons D‐E

6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Reception Sponsored by University of Maryland and NIST Poster Session

5:30 PM – 8:30 PM

Science Competition Opening Session

Salons 2‐3

8:30 PM – 9:00 PM 7:45 PM – 11:30 PM 10:00 PM – 12:00 AM

Science Fair Set‐up HOLD Hospitality

Palazzo Ballroom Porte Cochere Suite

Thursday

April 5

24 Hours 24Hours 6:30 AM – 7:15am 8:00 am ‐ 4:00 pm 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM

Science Bowl/Fair Office Office Healthy Lifestyles Work Out Registration Career Fair

Cordova 3 Planners Office Porte Cochere Foyer Salons D‐E Palazzo Salon A‐H

7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 pm 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM 7:00 AM – 8:30 PM 7:00 AM – 8:30 PM

NPC Board Meeting Science Bowl Staging Area Science Bowl 1 Science Bowl 2 Science Bowl 3 Science Bowl 4 Science Bowl 5 Science Bowl 6 Executive Board Meeting Science Fair Set‐up

Milagro Boardroom Palazzo Pre‐Function Amarante 2 Amarante 3 Del Lago 1 Del Lago 2 Del Lago 3 Del Lago 4 La Serena Boardroom Palazzo Salon A‐H

7:30 AM – 9:00 AM 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM

Coffee Science Fair Viewing (presenters grades 9‐ 12) Professional Development Workshop ʺFunding Opportunities for Chemistsʺ

Foyer Salons D‐E Palazzo Ballroom

9:00 AM – 11:00 AM

5

Palazzo Salon A‐H

Amarante 1

CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE

Thursday, April 5 (Cont.)

9:00 AM – 12:00 N 9:00 AM – 10:00 AM 10:30 AM ‐ 6:00 PM 10:30 AM–12:00 N 1:00 PM – 2:30 PM 2:30 PM – 4:00 PM 2:30 PM – 5:00 PM 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM 3:00 PM – 5:50 PM

Technical Session #8: Host‐Guest Organic Mediterranean Salon 2 Chemistry Technical Session #9: Analytical Chemistry Mediterranean Salon 3 Press Room Professional Development Workshop ʺ Managing Technical Professionalsʺ American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Workshop Financial Workshop Milligan Fellowship Session Technical Session #10: Biochemistry

La Serena Boardroom Mediterranean Salon 3 Mediterranean Salon 1 Mediterranean Salon 2 Marbella 1‐2 Cordova 1

6:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Technical Session #11: Chemical and Material Engineering P&G Reception (Graduate Students Only) Reception

7:00 PM – 10:30 PM

Annual Banquet

7:00 PM – 11:59 PM 10:00 PM – 12:00 AM

Science Competition Social Hospitality

Salons F‐H Suite

Friday

April 6

5:00 AM – 3:00 PM 5:00 AM – 10:00 PM 6:30 AM – 7:15am 7:00 AM – 2:00 PM 7:00 AM – 10:00 PM 7:30 AM – 9:00 AM 8:00 AM ‐ 6:00 PM 8:00 AM – 11:45 AM 9:00 AM – 10:45 AM 9:00 AM – 12:00 N

Science Bowl/Fair Office Office Healthy Lifestyles Work Out Registration Breakdown NPC Meeting Coffee Press Room Science Bowl Finals Technical Session #12: Spectroscopy Technical Session #13: Analytical Chemistry Technical Session #14: Environmental Chemistry

Cordova 3 Planners Office Porte Cochere Foyer Palazzo Salon D‐E La Serena Boardroom Foyer Palazzo Salon D‐E La Serena Boardroom Palazzo Salon A‐C Mediterranean Salon 2 Mediterranean Salon 3

5:30 PM ‐ 7:00 PM

10:45 AM – 12:00 N

6

Mediterranean Salon 3 Ritz Carlton Plaza 3 Ritz Carlton Tuscony Foyer Salon Ritz Carlton/Tuscany Salon A‐D

Mediterranean Salon 2

CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE Friday, April 6 (Cont.)

12:00 PM – 1:30 PM 2:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Science Competition Awards Luncheon Science Education Trip Off Site

10:00 PM – 12:00 AM

Hospitality

Palazzo Salon D‐H Assemble at Ball‐ room Porte‐Cochere Suite

Saturday

April 7

9:00 AM – 4:00 PM 5:00 AM – 3:00 PM 5:00 AM – 3:00 PM

NPC Meeting Office/Storage Wrap‐up & Mailing Office/Storage Wrap‐up & Mailing

La Serena Boardroom Cordova 5 Cordova 6

7

NOBCChE ENDOWMENT EDUCATION FUND

We wish to thank members and friends of the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers for their support and confidence in the future of NOBCChE by making a $500.00 or more tax deductible contribution to the NOBCChE Endowment Education Fund.

Mildred Allison Denise Barnes Iona Black* Henry T. Brown Winifred Burks‐Houck Virlyn Burse* Joseph N. Cannon Callista Chukwunenye Robert L. Countryman Andrew Crowe* Darrell Davis Anthony L. Dent* Lawrence E. Doolin* Linneaus Dorman* Fannie Posey Eddy James Evans, Sr. Lloyd Ferguson Lonnie Fogel Lloyd Freeman Eddie Gay Joseph Gordon* William Guillory* Jonathan K. Hale James Harris Bruce Harris* Ivory Herbert Kenneth W Hicks Neville Holder Isaac B. Horton, III Donald A. Hudson Charles R. Hurt

William M. Jackson* Madeleine Jacobs* Christopher Kinard Anita Osborne‐Lee George Lester, Jr. Mallinkrodt Chemical Inc. Willie May Jefferson McCowan* Victor McCrary Sidney McNairy Lynn Melton Philip Merchant Reginald E. Mitchell William V. Ormond* James A. Porter Cordelia M. Price* Marquita Qualls* Janet B. Reid Leonard E. Small* Florence P. Smith Michael Stallings* Clarence Tucker* Benjamin Wallace* Charles Washington Joseph Watson Billy Williams Keith B. Williams Reginald Willingham Bobby Wilson Andrea Young*

* Contributed more than $500.00

8

NOBCChE ENDOWMENT EDUCATION FUND

We wish to thank members and friends of the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers for their support and confidence in the future of NOBCChE, and for their tax deductible contribution to the NOBCChE Endowment Education Fund.

Adegboye Adeyeno Keith Alexander Verlinda Allen Eugene Alsandor Roseanne Anderson Victor Atiemo‐Obeng Benny Askew, Jr. Joseph Barnes Sharon Barnes Tegwyn L. Berry Alfred Bishop Jeanette E. Brown Nora Butler‐Briant James Burke Jacqueline Calhoun Lashanda Carter Perry Catchings, Jr. Aldene Chambles John J. Chapman Esteban Chornet Reginald A. Christy Regina V. Clark James Clifton Edward Coleman George Collins James E. Cotton Garry S. Crosson Reuben Daniel Kowetha Davidson Ella Davis Thomas Davis Thomas Dill Gerald Ellis Lisa Batiste‐Evans Pat Fagbayi

Edward Flabe Edward E. Flagg Joe Franklin Russell Franklin Issac Gamwo John W. Garner Cornelia Gilyard Robert Gooden Warren E. Gooden Valerie Goss Etta Gravely Bernice Green Garry Grossman Keith V. Guinn Everett B. Guthrie Gene S. Hall James Hamilton Kinesha Harris April Harrison Isom Harrison Rogers E. Harry‐Oruru Lincoln Hawkins Ronald Haynes Ronald L. Henry Leonard Holley Sydana R. Hollins Smallwood Holoman, Jr. Brenda S. Holmes Nikisha Hunter Bernard Jackson Donald Jackson Evelyn P. Jackson Kim Jackson Kyle Jackson Raymond James

Ganiyua Jaiyeola Allene Johnson Elijah Johnson Harry Johnson Paula Johnson Saphronia Johnson Emmett Jones Evy Jones Jennifer A. Jones Jesse Jones Timothy Jones Thomas C. Jones Verlinda Jordan Jimmie Julian Ella L. Kelly Otis Kems Kirby Kirksey Rachel Law Mia Laws Lester A. Lee Cynthia R. Leslie Steve Lucas Alex Maasa Dale Mack George S. Mack Robert McAllister Aliecia McClain Gerald McCloud Jefferson McCowan Walter McFall Saundra Y. McGuire Dawn McLaurin Linda Mead‐Tollin Janice Meeks Charles W. Merideth

9

NOBCChE ENDOWMENT EDUCATION FUND

M. P. Moon Damon Mitchell Robert Murff Harvey Myers Tina Newsome James Nichols Kenneth Norton Bunmi Ogunkeye Steven B Ogunwumi Mobolaji O. Olwinde Kofi Oppong Beverly Paul James Pearce James Pearson Tony L. Perry Howard Peters Mwita V Phelps Walter G. Phillips Louis Pierce Sonya Caston Pierre Wendell Plain Charles A. Plinton Melvin Poulson Jamacia Prince

Daniel Reuben Mary Robinson Press Robinson Anne Roby Tommie Royster Albert E Russell Franklin Russell Clark Scales Billy Scott Melva Scott Robert Shepard James P Shoffner Keroline M. Simmonds Tiffany Simpson Milton Sloan Karen Speights ‐ Diggs Oreoluwa Sofekun Lucius Stephenson Wilford Stewart Grant St. Julian Richard Sullivan Albert Thompson Dameyun Thompson

10

Ezra Totton Jorge Valdes Grant Venerable Cheryl A. Vocking Emmanuel Waddell Samuel von Winbush Gerald Walker Leon C. Warner Michael Washington Odiest Washington Ben Watson Joseph W. Watson Helen P. White Ronald H. White Thomas Whitt Leonard Wilmen Harold Lloyd Williams Laura C. Williams Joe Williams Raymond Williams Jeremy Willis Sean Wright Sandra Wyatt

PROGRAM SCHEDULE DAY OF WEEK Sunday

EVENT

ROOM

April 1

6:30 AM ‐ 7:15 AM 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out NOBCChE Office Science Bowl/Fair Office

Porte Cochere

Cordova 3

7:00 AM ‐ 8:00 AM

Sunday, AM

COACh Registration Professional Development Workshop 1 ‐ COACh Workshop 8:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Foyer Palazzo Salon D‐E

Committee on the Advancement of Women Chemists Facilitators: Nancy Houfek, Head of Voice and Speech, Institute for Advanced Theater Training, Harvard University; Saundra McGuire, Director, Center for Academic Success, Louisiana State University; Lee Warren, Associate Director, Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning, Harvard University; Barbara Butterfield, Chief Human Resource Officer for Academic and Staff Human Resources and Affirmative Action, University of Michigan; Jane Tucker, Director, Human Resources, Teaching and Organizational Development, Duke University ; Ernestine Taylor, Senior Associate, Center for Creative Leadership 12:01 PM – 1:00 PM

COACh Luncheon

4:00 PM ‐ 6:00 PM

Conference Registration

Foyer Palazzo Salons D‐E

6:00 PM – 8:00 PM

NOBCChE/COACh Welcome Reception Hospitality

Palazzo Salon A

10:00 PM ‐ 12:00 AM

Monday

April 2

6:30 AM ‐ 7:15 AM 24 Hr 7:00 AM ‐ 8:30 AM 7:30 AM ‐ 4:30 PM 7:30 AM ‐ 9:00 AM

JW Parlor

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out Science Bowl/Fair Office NPC Meeting Registration Coffee

Porte Cochere Cordova 3 Milagro Boardroom Foyer Palazzo Salons D‐E Foyer Palazzo Salons D‐E

11

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Monday, AM

Teachers Workshop Mediterranean Salon 2 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

“Achieving Science Through Education”

Sponsored by AAAS, 3M Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Committee for Action Program Services

Moderator

Mrs. Linda Davis, Committee Action Program Services Cedar Hill, TX

7:00 AM – 8:45 AM 8:00 AM – 8:45 AM 8:45 AM ‐ 9:00 AM

Registration Continential Breakfast Welcome and Opening Remarks Mrs. Linda Davis, Director, Committee Chairperson and Moderator Mr. Darrell L. Davis, National Planning Committee Chairman Dr. Joseph S. Francisco, President ‐ NOBCChE

“Integrating Tools for Hands‐on Teaching in the Classroom, K‐ 12” Ms. Yolanda S. George, Deputy Director, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D C 10:00 AM – 10:15 AM Break 12:00 N – 1:30 PM Lunch “Educational Aspects of Space Science and The Adventure of 1:30 PM – 4:30 PM Mars Rover, K‐12” Ms. Eva M. Graham, Manager for Minority Educational Initiatives, Jet Prelusion Laboratory JPL‐NASA, Pasadena, CA

9:00 AM ‐ 12:00 N

Monday, AM

Opening Session 8:30– 10:15 AM

Call to Order

Dr. Joe Francisco, President, NOBCChE

Official

Dr. Bobby Wilson, Chairperson, Executive Board, NOBCChE

Opening Welcome

Orlando City Officials

Palazzo Salon A‐E

Conference Ms. Deborah C. Allen, Supervisory Chemist, DEA, Mid Atlantic . Overview Region Closing Remarks Dr. Joe Francisco

12

PROGRAM SCHEDULE Henry Hill Lecture 10:30 ‐ 11:45 AM

Monday, AM

Mediterranean Salon 3 Sponsored by the American Chemistry Society Northeast Section Speaker: Dr. Reatha Clark King, Former President and Board Chair, General Mills Foundation

American Chemical Society Luncheon 12:00 – 1:15 PM

Monday, PM

Valencia Terrace & Lawn

Speaker: Dr. Catherine Hunt, President, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC

Technical Session 1 1:30 – 3:00 PM Analytical and Atmospheric Chemistry

Session Chair: Vernon R. Morris Department of Chemistry, Howard University

Monday, PM

1:30‐1:50

1:50‐2:05

2:05‐2:10

Cordova 2

“Comparisons Of Surface Level Aerosol And Ozone Observations With Ozonesonde Profiles Within Saharan Dust And Biomass Burning Plumes” Vernon R. Morris*a,b, Michelle D. Hawkinsa, Lizette Roldanc, Nick Nallid, Everette Josepha,e aGraduate Program in Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University bDepartment of Chemistry, Howard University Nuclear Reguatory Commission, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania dQSS Group, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD eDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University

“Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (Qsar) Of Quorum‐ Sensing Inhibitors As A Novel Approach For Controlling Microorganisms” Brooke B. Woodard* and Mahmoud A. Saleh Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX 77004

Break

13

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 2:10‐2:30

2:30‐2:45

2:45‐3:00

“Potential Dependent Control Of Oligo (Ethylene Oxide) Thiol Assembly On Au Substrates” Marlon L. Walker1, David J. Vanderah2, and Kenneth A. Rubinson3 1Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 2Biochemical Sciences Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 48202 and NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), Gaithersburg, MD 20899

“Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation Within Liposomal Bilayers: Correlation Between Location And Degradation” Chanel A. Fortier and Matthew A. Tarr University of New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70148

“Predicting Trends In Ion Association” Patrice R. Fields* and Apryll M. Stalcup Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, P.O. Box 210172, 45221

Technical Session 2 1:30 – 3:20 PM Nanomaterials

Monday, PM

Session Chair

Sharon Kennedy, Colgate‐Palmolive Company

Amarante 2

1:30‐1:50

“Photoactive TiO2 Modified With Monolayer‐Protected Gold Clusters” Princess M. Cox* and Dongil Lee Western Michigan University, Chemistry Department, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

2:10‐2:30

“Aqueous‐Phase Chemical Transformations Of Sub 4 nm Metallic Nanoparticles” Ruel Freemantle and Sherine O. Obare* Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

14

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 2:30‐2:40 2:40‐3:00

3:00‐3:20

Break “Functionalization Of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes By Friedel‐ Crafts Acylation” Nydeia Wright Bolden*, Adriane Ludwick, Melissa S. Reeves Tuskegee University, Chemistry Dept., Tuskegee, AL, 36088

“Using Quantum Dots As Biomarker In Plant And Animal Cells ‐ Optical Assay Of CDs Nanocrystal Uptake Into Algae” Dr. Carl E. Bonner*, Jennifer L. Lee Norfolk State University, Center for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA, 23504

2:00 PM – 3:30 PM

Board Meeting

La Serena Boardroom

Technical Session 3 3:00 – 5:00 PM Modeling and Simulation Methods

Session Chair: John A.W. Harkless Department of Chemistry, Howard University

Monday, PM

3:00‐3:15

3:15‐3:30

3:30‐3:45

3:45‐3:50

Cordova 2

“Time Dependent DFT Study On Homo‐Lumo And Excitation Energies Of Polythiophene” A. C. Sykes1, S. M. Black1, and S. Sun 1 Norfolk State University, Center for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA 23504

“Prediction Of Selected Excited States Of C2, N2 And O2 Using Quantum Monte Carlo Methods” Floyd A. Fayton Jr*, Ainsley A. Gibson, and John A.W. Harkless Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College St., NW, Washington, DC 20059

“Ab Initio Treatment Of Phosphoric Acid In The PCM: Challenges And Triumphs” Merle D. Zimmerman, John A. Tossell* University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College Park, MD 20910

Break

15

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 3:50‐4:05

4:05‐4:20

“Theoretical Investigation Of Ligand Interaction In Ni‐Organometallic Compounds” Michael A. Cato*, Hrant P. Hratchian1, H. Bernhard Schlegel, John Montgomery2 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202

“Quantum Monte Carlo Studies On The First Row Transition Metals” Ainsley A. Gibson1*, Floyd A. Fayton1, William A. Hercules2 and John A. W. Harkless1 1Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059 2Howard University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington, DC 20059

Technical Session 4 3:30 – 5:00 PM Polymer Materials Chemistry

Monday, PM

Amarante 2

Session Chair: Gloria Thomas Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University 3:30‐3:50

3:50‐4:10

4:10‐4:20 4:20‐4:40

“Polymers Made From Renewable Resources: Polyurethanes Based On Oleochemical Diols” George H. Armstrong*, Anna‐Gay Nelson Tougaloo College, Chemistry Department, Tougaloo, MS 39260

“New Synthetic Approaches For Regioregular Polythiophene Block Copolymers” Michael Mitchell and Malika Jeffries‐EL* Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011

Break

“Microfabrication Of Polymeric Microfluidic Devices For Bioanalytical Applications” Gloria Thomas and Emad El‐Giar Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39759

16

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 4:40‐5:00

“Hydrogels Based On N‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide Functionalized With Poly‐L‐Lysine” Tedric D. Campbell and Oliver Steinbock* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306‐4390

4:30 PM ‐ 5:30 PM

Monday, PM

Career Fair Exhibitors Meeting

ACS Distinguished Scientists Symposium 4:45 ‐ 6:00 PM

Del Lago 1‐2

Sponsored by American Chemical Society

Speaker Dr. Kenneth Olden, Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC

Monday, PM

NOBCChE Reception 6:00 ‐ 7:30 PM

Valenca Lawn (back – up: Salons F‐H)

8:00 PM ‐ 9:00 PM

Supported Students Meeting

Cordova 2

10:00 PM ‐12:00 AM

Hospitality

JW Parlor

Tuesday

April 3

6:30 AM ‐ 7:15 AM 7:00 AM ‐ 12:00 Noon 24 Hr. 7:00 AM ‐ 8:30 AM 7:30 AM ‐ 9:00 AM 8:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out GES Set‐Up for Career Fair Science Bowl/Fair Office NPC Meeting Coffee NOBCChE/ACS Meeting

Porte Cochere Palazzo Salon A‐H Cordova 3 La Serena Boardroom Foyer Salons D‐E Milagro Boardroom

8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM 8:00 AM ‐ 6:00 PM

Registration Press Room

La Serena Boardroom 17

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Tuesday, AM Presenters:

NASA Astrobiology Workshop

8:00 AM ‐ 9:00 AM Del Lago 3

Todd Gary, PhD and Benita Bell, PhD Co‐Directors, Minority Institute Astrobiology Collaborative

Tuesday, AM

Moderator Panelists

Forensic Workshop 10:00 ‐ 11:45 AM

Del Lago 1‐2 “Chemistry in the Drug Enforcement Administration”

Kiana Hamlett, Forensic Chemist, DEA South Central Laboratory Deborah Allen, Supervisory Forensic Chemist, DEAʹs Mid‐Atlantic Laboratory Denise Curry, Deputy Director for the Office of Diversion Control (OD), DEA Mr. Adrian D. Hall, Forensic Chemist, Mississippi Crime Laboratory DeMia Peters, Chemist, Office of Diversion Control, DEA. Rashida Weathers, Supervisory Chemist , South Central Laboratory, DEA

9:00 AM ‐ 12:00 N

Tuesday, AM Session Chair: 9:00 – 9:30

9:30 – 10:00

10:00‐10:15

Career Fair Set Up Technical Session 5 9:00 AM ‐12:00 Noon Chemical Education

Sibrina Collins Graduate School, University of Washington

Cordova 2

“Science On Saturday: Fostering A Love Of Science In K‐8 Students” Nichole L. Powell*, Gregory Pritchett, Barbara G. Rackley, Pamela M. Leggett‐Robinson, and Albert E. Russell Tuskegee University, Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee, AL 36088

“Nanoscale Science: A Tool To Excite Middle School Students In Chemistry” Sherine O. Obare* Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI

Discussion Break 18

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 10:15‐10:45

10:45 – 11:10

11:10‐11:45

Tuesday, AM Session Chair: 9:00‐9:15

9:15‐9:30

9:30‐9:45

“Chemical Biology For Preservice Chemistry And Biology Teachers” Josette C. Seibles Temple University, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, PA 19122

“Research Experiences For Undergraduates” 1Gloria Thomas, 2Graham Peaslee NSF Chemistry REU Leadership Group, 1Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39759 2Chemistry Department, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423

“Interested In Graduate Study? Why Not Consider The University Of Washington?”

Sibrina N. Collins, PhD The University of Washington, The Graduate School, G‐1 Communications, Seattle, WA 98195 Technical Session 6 9:00 ‐10:00 AM Organometallic/Heterocyclic Chemistry

Birdella Kenney Johnson and Johnson, Inc.

Amarante 2

“Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluorination And Trifluoromethylation Of Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds” Nicholas D. Ball, Kami L. Hull, Melanie S. Sanford* Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

“Oxidative Addition Of Chlorine To A Platinum(Ii) Complex Using Electrophilic Organic Oxidants” Salena R. Whitfield*, Jeff W. Kampf, Melanie S. Sanford University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

“Development Of Synthetic Methodologies Toward Asymetric Construction Of Camptothecin Analogs” Ibrahim D. Bori*, and Daniel L. Comins Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695

19

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 9:45‐10:00

“Use Of Click Chemistry For The Decoration Of Cavitands” Joseph R. Atkins*, Stefan Kraft Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 111 Willard Hall Manhattan, KS 66502

Technical Session 7 10:00 AM ‐12:00 Noon Special Topics in Materials

Tuesday, AM Session Chair:

Amarante 2

“The Resolution Of The Diamond Problem After 200 Years: Spin Induced Orbital Dynamics For The Little Effect” Reginald B. Little* National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32308

“Diamondoids: Novel Building Blocks For Nanotechnology” 10:45‐11:25 Steven L. Richardson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Howard University School of Engineering, Washington, DC 20059 “b‐difunctional Ligands for the APMOCVD of ZnO” 11:25‐12:00 Jason S. Matthews and Olamide O. Onakoya Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM Lunch (On Your Own)

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM Regional Meeting Northeast Amarante 1 10:00‐10:45

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM

Regional Meeting Southeast

Cordova 1

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM

Regional Meeting Midwest

Del Lago 1

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM

Regional Meeting Southwest

Del Lago 2

12:00 N ‐ 1:30 PM

Regional Meeting West

Amarante 2

1:00 PM ‐ 4:00 PM

Career Fair Exhibitors Set ‐ up

Palazzo Salon A‐H

20

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

NOBCChE Health Symposium 1:00 – 3:00 PM

Tuesday, PM

Moderator Panelists

Del Lago 3‐4

“Obesity In the African–American Community” Sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company Dr. Ronald D. Lewis, II, Chair, 2007 NOBCChE Health Symposium Dr. Monica L Baskin, Assistant Professor Department of Health Behavior and Associate Scientist in the UAB Center for Health Promotion and the UAB Clinical Nutrition Research Center Dr. Asher Hasan, Senior Director, Medical Affairs, Amylin Pharmaceuticals Dr. Keith Kim, Medical Director, Bariatric Program Celebration Health Joseph Nadglowski, Jr., President/CEO, Obesity Action Coalition

Questions and Answers Open to the Floor Closing Remarks

NOBCChE ‐ Rohm and Haas

Undergraduate Research Competition Cordova 2 3:30 – 5:00 PM Mr. Vere O. Archibald, Rohm and Haas Company Marlon Walker, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Tuesday, PM Moderator

Presenters

3:30 ‐ 3:55

Dr. Ronald D. Lewis, II

“Enhanced Synthesis of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for the Detection of Altered Cell Populations” Divine Kebulu*, Dr. Angela Winstead☼, Dr. Dwayne Hill® and Dr. Richard Williams☼. ☼ Department of Chemistry, ®Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

3:50 ‐ 4:10

“A Kinetic Model For Microbial Decontamination Based On A Modified Fenton Reaction” Bahati J. Dramou¹; Vishal Shah²; José M. Pinto¹,* ¹Othmer‐Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn NY 11201 ²Department of Biology, Dowling College, Oakdale NY 11769

21

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 4:10 ‐ 4:30

Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Dechlorination of Contaminated Water Celina Dozier and Dr. Egwu Eric Kalu Florida A&M University

4:30 – 4:50

“Tangential Flow Filtration of an Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification System” Michael Estrella and Filomena Califano Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY

4:30 PM ‐ 5:00 PM 10:00 PM ‐12:00 AM

Career Fair Exhibitors Meeting Hospitality Suite

Palazzo Salon A‐H Suite

Wednesday

April 4

6:30 AM ‐ 7:15 AM 24 Hr. 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM 7:00 AM ‐ 8:30 AM 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out Science Bowl/Fair Office NOBCChE Office NPC Meeting Interview Space

Porte Cochere Cordova 3

La Serena Boardroom Milagro Boardroom

8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM 8:00 AM ‐ 12:00 Noon

Registration Career Fair Exhibit set‐up

Foyer Salons D‐E Palazzo Salon A‐H (Palazzo BR)

Wednesday, AM Call to Order and Presidentʹs Report Financial Report Elections Report Announcements and Updates Closing Remarks

General Session w/Breakfast

8:30– 10:15 AM Salons 2 –3 Dr. Joseph Francisco, NOBCChE President

Ms. Lolita Grant, NOBCChE Treasurer Mr. Perry Catchings Ms. Deborah C. Allen, NCPC, DEA

Dr. Joseph Francisco, NOBCChE President

22

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Wednesday, AM

Speaker:

Percy L. Julian Lecture

10:30 ‐ 11:45 AM Cordova 2

“Advanced Polymers for Enabling Nanotechnology” Dr. Kenneth R. Carter, Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts ‐ Amherst, Amherst, MA

Wednesday Noon

Percy L. Julian Luncheon

Ritz Carlton/Tuscany Salon A‐D

Speaker:

12:00 – 1:15 PM Dr. Stephen C. McGuire, Chair, Department of Physics Southern University and A&M College

1:30 PM ‐ 5:00 PM 2:00 PM – 4:00 PM

Career Fair (Open to Public) Science Competitions Registration

Palazzo Salon A – H

TBD

3:00 PM ‐ 4:00 PM

NOBCChE Town Meeting

Amarante 3

4:30 PM ‐ 5:30 PM

GEM Workshop

Amarante 2

4:30 PM ‐ 5:00 PM

Poster Session Set Up

Palazzo Ballroom

Wednesday, PM

Dolphus E. Milligan Symposium 5:00 – 6:30 PM

Salon H

“The American Competitiveness Initiative: What it is, Why you should care, and NISTʹs Role in it.”

Speaker:

Dr. William A. Jeffrey, Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology

5:30 PM – 8:30 PM

National Science Competition Opening Session

23

Salons 2‐3

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Wednesday, PM

Poster Session 6:30 – 8:00 PM

1

2

3

4

5

Palazzo Salon A – H

“The Effects Of Radiation & Cultivar On Soy‐Foods” Apollonia McMillan*1, Dr. Lester Wilson2, and Dr. Steve French3 1SESIP Program‐Texas Southern University Houston, TX 77004 2Faculty Fellows Program‐Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 3NASA Johnson Space Center Food Laboratory Houston, TX 77058

“A Comparison Of Volatile Organic Compounds In New Homes, Older Homes And Their Outside Environment” Alicia Newman*, Corina McIntosh and Dr. Felicia L. Conley, Ph.D. Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas

“Design Of Fluorogenic Calix[4]Arene‐Bis(Crown‐6‐Ether) For Selective Optical Recognition Of Thallium(I) And Cesium(I)” Ebony D. Roper1, Galina G. Talanova*1, Vladimir S. Talanov1, and Maryna G. Gorbunova2 1Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 2Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6119

“A Comparative Study Of Remote Sensing Data And Ground‐Truth Water Quality Data For Two Coastal Ecosystems” Latrincy Whitehurst*1, Katherine Milla1, Mark A. Harwell1, Michael Abazinge1, John F. Schalles2 1Environmental Cooperative Science Center, Environmental Sciences Inst., Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 2Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178

“Trace Organics In Streams And Ponds At SSU Campus” Rashanna Sutton, Christani Russell, Olarongbe Olubajo*, Hua Zhao, Adegboye Adeyemo Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404

24

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 6

“Biomonitoring And Measurement Of Isomeric Benzo[A]Pyrene Hemoglobin Adducts In Smoking And Non‐Smoking Human Donors Using High‐Resolution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry” Alisha A. Wright*, Angela Ragin, Kenroy Crawford, Don G Patterson, Jr., James Grainger National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford NE, Chamblee, GA 30341

7

“The Role Of Adhesion And Cytoskeletal Organization In FCεRI Receptor Signaling” Brandy Z. Jones,1 Alexis Torres*,2 and Barbara Baird2 1 Clark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30314; 2 Cornell University, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Ithaca, NY, 14853

8

“Chemical And Antimicrobial Properties Of Anise Essential Oil” Ezekeil H. Hudson II*, Brooke B. Woodard, Kristina R. Casmire, Fawzia Abdel‐ Rahman, Wenlou Zhang, and Mahmoud A. Saleh Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004

9

“A Method For Measuring Reliability Of Reported Analytical Results By Comparison Of Data From Multiple Instruments And Laboratories” F. Hugh Gardner and Nancy K. Meredith Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341

“Investigation Of The Effect Of Counter Ions On The Dihedral Angles Of Silver Complexes Of 1, 10 – Phenanthroline 5, 6‐ Dione” Jonathan I. Onuegbu, Uche C. Udeochu, Raymond Butcher, Charles Hosten* Howard University Chemistry Dept, Washington, DC 20059

10

11

“Chemical And Antimicrobial Properties Of Chinese Star Anise Essential Oil” Kristina Casmire*, Brooke B. Woodard, Ezekeil H. Hudson II, Fawzia Abdel‐Rahman, Wenlou Zhang, and Mahmoud A. Saleh Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004

25

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 12

13

14

“Fluorescence Analysis Of Singlet Oxygen Effects On Human Serum Albumin” Kelvin Frazier, Karrisa Grier, Cecil L. Jones*, Adegboye Adeyemo Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404

“Mass Spectrometry Studies Of A Twelve‐Member Library Of Dithiocarbamate Ester Analogs Of 4‐Methylpiperidine” Patience Green, Dwayne Wright, Solaide George and Oladapo Bakare* Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington DC 20059

“Bioconversion Of Naphthalene By Recombinant Escherichia Coli In Biphasic Media” Aneka Atkinson*, Adebowale Adelekan, Corina Derritt, and Michael Gyamerah Prairie View A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View, TX 77446

15

“Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Miniaturized Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Probe For Specific Dna Hybridization Detection: Studies On Size‐Dependent Optical Properties” Chan Kyu Kim1, Rajamohan R Kalluru1, Jagdish P Singh1, Angela Fortner2, Jelani Griffin2, Gopala K Darbha2 and Paresh Chandra Ray2* 1 Department of Physics and Institute of Clean Energy Technology (ICET)/Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL), Mississippi State University, 205 Research Boulevard, Starkville, MS 39759, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 JR Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA

16

“Intestinal Absorption Of Ketoconazole Using Poly(Lactide‐Co‐Glycolide) Microsphere Formulations” K.T. Johnson1, H.M. Chan1, Y.J. Lin1, W.R. Ravis1, R. B. Gupta2 and A.D. Peterson3 1Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849 2Auburn University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849 3Alabama State University, Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36117

26

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 17

“The Effect Of Synaptotagmin On The Lateral Diffusion Of Phospholipids In Supported Phospholipid Bilayers” Colin J. Ingram1, Tingting Liu2, and James C. Weisshaar1* 1University of Wisconsin, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706 2University of California, Department of Physics, Berkeley, CA 94720

18

“Shaping Up: Determinding The Structure Of SOCS3, An Obesity Hormone Suppressor” Celestial R. Jones‐Paris*, Faming Zhang, Ibrahim Khan, Pengyun Li Department of Chemistry, Indiana University‐ Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405

“Theoretical Prediction Of Ligand Binding Properties Of PDK‐1 Inhibitors” Leyte Winfield*1, Ph.D., Dayle M. A. Smith2, Ph.D. 1Spelman College, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2Whitman College, Department of Physics, Walla Walla, WA 99362

19

20

21

22

“Prediction Of Myocardial Infarction Based On The Comparisons Of Fusion Imaging With Intravascular Ultrasound” E. Obot1, J. Granada2, G. Kaluza2, A. Tellez2, D. Schultz2, D. Bradley2, C. Alviar2* 1The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Summer Internship Program, Texas Medical Center‐The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, (TMHRI) Houston, TX, 77030 2 Institute for Research in Cardiovascular Interventions, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Houston, TX, 77030

“Interaction Of Insep5 And PLK1 In The Cohesin Complex” Gladys Morrison*1 and Debananda Pati, Ph.D2 1 Spelman College, Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2 Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics‐Hematology/Oncology Houston, TX 77030

“Solvation Stdudies Of Estradiol Derivative Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators” Jessica Hardaway and Jesse Edwards Chemistry Department, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL

27

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 23

“Single Molecule Studies Of Lac Repressor‐Induced DNA Loops” Kathy Goodson, Sara Lioi, Aaron Haeusler, Jason Kahn, Douglas English* University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry College Park, MD 20742

24

“Recombinant Protein Purification By Self‐Cleaving Aggregation Tag” Kazuya Toyama, Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

25

“Tangential Flow Filtration Of An Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification System” Michael Estrella, Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Water‐Soluble Monofunctional Pt(II) Complexes Useful For Biological Labeling” Margaret W. Ndinguri, Frank R. Fronczek, Luigi G. Marzilli* and Robert P.Hammer* Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803

26

27

28

29

“Glucuronidation: A Phase Ii Biotransformation Reaction” MeʹJa R. Smallwood*, Deidre K. Robinson, and Gladys S. Bayse, Ph.D. Spelman College, Atlanta, GA 30314

“Calcium‐Dependent Stability Of Domain 2 Of Neural‐Cadherin” Michael R. Williamson*, J. Kyle McCool*, C. Andrew Patrick and Dr. Susan Pedigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677

“Molecular Dynamic Studies Of Derivatives Of The XI5 HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitor” Tiara Byrd1,* J. West1, B. Dunn2, M. Buckles1, D. Bryan1, C. Russell1, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608.

28

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 30

31

“Purification And Identification Of A Bacterial Siderophore” Toni‐Ann. R. Hylton1, Peter D.R. Moeller2, Benjamin Neely3* 1Environmental Science Institute, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32317 2National Centers for Coastal and Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC 29412 3Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412

“Cloning, Expression And Purification Of Human Adiponectin Receptor, Adipor2 For Structural Analysis And Biochemical Assays” Zainab Gulamabbas Ghadiyali* and Chasta Louise Parker1 1Dept of Chemistry, Physics and Geology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733

32

“Hydrogen Abstraction Of A Novel Manganese(IV) Complex Containing A Dihydroxoy Ligand” Antoinette Addison3, Guochuan Yin1,2 , Daryle H. Busch1 1The University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045.

2Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Lawrence, KS 660047.

3Florida A&M University, College of Arts and Science, Tallahassee, Florida

33

“Synthesis Of Gallate Amides And Esters As A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent” Corey J. Caldwell and Marion A. Franks, Ph.D*.

Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

“Interaction Energies Of Carbon And Aluminum Electrodes With Organic Electronics” Charlyne Jean1,* R. Parker2, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Ubiquitous Technologies Inc., Victoria, Texas, 77903.

34

35

“Intercalation Of Organic Clay Mimics” Cecilia Washington1,* and A. Beatty1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 36297

29

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 36

“New Organic Semiconductors For Electronics And Optoelectronics” Eilaf Ahmed, Alejandro L. Briseno, Werner Kaminsky, Younan Xia, and Samson A. Jenekhe* Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195‐1750

37

38

39

40

41

42

“Mechano‐Chemical Synthesis And Analysis Of Zinc Pyrogallol [4] Arene Complex Under Solvent‐Free And Ambient Conditions” Harry E. Tabi1, Nicholas P. Power2 and Jerry L. Atwood 2* 1Southern University at New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70126 2University of Missouri ‐ Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211

“Diels‐Alder Synthesis Using Microwave Chemistry” Nikia M. Smith, Dr. Yousef M. Hijji* Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21251

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Amide Derivatives Of Gallic Acid For Studies In Prostate Cancer” Nicole Washington, Claudia Mouamba, and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059

“Synthesis, Characterization And Cytotoxic Studies Of 1‐Benzamido‐ Anthraquinone Derivatives” Olubunmi Ogunwole, Yasmine Kanaan, Robert Copeland, Jr., Innocent Ononiwu and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA

“Synthesis And Characterization Of A Twelve‐Member Library Of Fatty Acid And Amide Derivatives Of Morpholino Dithiocarbamate Ester” Patrick Rogers and Oladapo Bakare* Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059

“Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis And Characterization Of A Twelve‐Member Library Of Dimethyldithiocarbamate Ester Derivatives” Tolulope A. Adesiyun and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059.

30

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 43

44

45

46

47

48

49

“Synthesis, Characterization And Cytotoxic Studies Of Naphthalen‐2‐Yl‐ Benzamide Derivatives” Vonetta M. Williams*, Yasmine Kanaan, Robert Copeland, Jr., Innocent Ononiwu and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA

“Stability Of N12C12H12 Cages And The Effects Of Endohedral Atoms And Ions” DeAna McAdory, Jacqueline Jones, Ami Gilchrist, Danielle Shields, Ramola Langham, Kasha Casey, and Douglas L. Strout.

Alabama State University, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36101

“Ab Initio Studies Of The Excited States Of Small Halogenated Compounds” Dwight T. McGee1,* K. Tooks, J. Francisco2, V. Morris3, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 3Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

“Ab Initio Studies Of The Excited States Of Small Halogenated Compounds” K. Tooks,1 * Dwight T. McGee1 J. Francisco2, V. Morris3, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 3Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

“Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Graphite‐Polypropylene Nanocomposites” Rozlyn N. Chambliss* and Melissa S. Reeves Tuskegee University, Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee, AL 36088

“Cyclophanes As A Means For Removal Of PAHs From Solution” Christopher W. Davies* and Thandi Buthelezi Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101

“Enhanced Synthesis Of Heptamethine Cyanine Derivatives For The Detection Of Altered Cell Populations” Divine N. Kebulu*, Dr. Angela Winstead☼, Dr. Dwayne Hill® and Dr. Richard Williams☼. ☼ Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 ®Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

31

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 50

51

52

53

54

55

56

“Establishing A Relationship Between The Viscosity Of Degraded ATF And Its 1H‐Nmr Spectra” Joy R. Speaks *, Kathryn A. Sims*, and Shawn M. Abernathy, Ph.D Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

“Establishing A Relationship Between The Viscosity Of Degraded ATF And Its 1H‐Nmr Spectra” Joy R. Speaks *, Kathryn A. Sims*, and Shawn M. Abernathy, Ph.D Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

“Pipe Dreams: Construction Of An Acoustic Array” Odinaka Ezeokoli*, Amy Turns, Marshall Johnson; Corey McTeer; Dr. Ken C McGill Department of Chemistry & Physics, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, 31061

“Ultrasonic Dispersion Of Temperature Programmed Synthesized Molybdenum And Tungsten Carbide Nanocrystallites” Oscar N. Mvula, Leroy Covington, Jr., Aruna S. Arunagiri, and Kenneth L. Roberts, Ph.D.*.

Department of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University

“Control Of The Morphology Of Comples Semiconductor Nanocrystals With A Type‐II Hetero‐Junction, Dots Vs. Peanuts, By Thermal Cycling” Bridgette Blackman*, David Battaglia, and Xiaogang Peng Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,USA

“Powder Casting Stabilization Over Colloid Deposition” For Layer‐By‐Layer Assembly” Daniel Abebe and Tarek Farhat* Chemistry Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee

“The Effects Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes On The Properties Of Epoxy‐ Nanocomposities Systems” Merlin Theodore*, Dr. Mahesh Hosur, Jonathan Thomas Tuskegee University Center for Advanced Materials, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088

32

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 57

58

59

60

61

62

“Electrospinning Of Block Copolypeptide Blends” Larrisha R. Nobles , Richard J. Spontak , Xiaoyu Sun Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607 Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606

“Effect Of Polymer Based Surfactants On Particle Size Growth In Aqueous Ferrofluids” Nicole Gray1, Amber Windham2, David Heaps2, and Paige Phillips2 IAlabama State University, Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36117, 2The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hattiesburg, MS 39406

“Reduction Of Rhenium (V) Oxo Schiff Base Complexes With Triphenyl Phosphine Ligands” Nebiat Sisay1 and Silivia S. Jurrison*2 1Southern University at New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70126 2University of Missouri ‐ Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211

“Examination Of A Potentially Exfoliated Nanocomposite” Racquel C. Jemison*, Solomon Tadesse, Dr. Alvin P. Kennedy Morgan State University, Chemistry Department, Baltimore, MD 21251

“Monodisperse Thioether‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization And Catalytic Activity” Ruel Freemantle and Sherine O. Obare* Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

“Fluorescence‐Based Pesticide Detection” TaJay L. Haywood and Sherine O. Obare* Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

33

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 63

64

65

66

67

68

“Cytotoxicity Of Carbon Nanomaterials” Tiffany N. Taylor1, Derrick Dean2, Roberta Troy3, and Pamela M. Leggett‐Robinson1* 1Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, AL 36088, 2Material Science, University of Alabama‐Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 3Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, AL 36088

“The Incorporation Of Self Healing Science Into Bone Cement” Tabitha Wilhoite1, Gerald Wilson*2, Dr. Jeffrey Moore2 1University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Il 61801 2University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Material Science, Urbana, Il 61801 3University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Il 61801

“Phase Transition Extraction Of Mixtures With A Critical Point Of Miscibility” Vlora Gerguri, Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

“Investigation of the Dynamic Melt Rheology of GRC‐A‐Zeolite L Mixtures” T. Renee Brown1, Donald Hylton1, Eric A. Mintz1*, Conrad Ingram1, and Kathy C. Chuang2 1Center for High Performance Polymers and Composites Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. S.W. Atlanta, GA 30314 2 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135

“The Journey To Science And Technology College Degrees” Edith L. Blackwell* Morgan State University, Mathematics and Science Division, Baltimore, Maryland

“Preparation Of Supported Nanostructured TiO2 And Nitrogen Doped TiO2, And Applications To Photo Catalytic Disinfection” Ryan JinksI, William N. Harris IIII, Olivier K. KaindaI, Sharifeh MehrabiII, , Lebone MoetiIII, Ramesh ChandrasekharanI, Mark A. Shannon1, Eric A. MintzI* Clark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 IIClark Atlanta University, Department of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30314 IIIClark Atlanta University, Department of Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30314

I

34

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 69

70

“Fabrication, Thermal, And Mechanical Characterization Of Expandable Thermoplastic Nanocomposites” Wanda D. Jones,* Vijaya K. Rangari, Tiffianni Watson, Mohammad I. Jeelani, and Shaik Jeelani Tuskegee University, Center for Advanced Materials, Tuskegee, AL 36088

“Selectivity Of Peptide‐Based Borono Lectins Towards Glycoproteins” Dana L. Broughton*1, Yuejiao Zou1, John J. Lavigne1, Paul R. Thompson1 1University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, SC 29208

Reception Sponsored by Universuty Foyer Salons D‐E of Maryland and NIST 6:30 – 8:00 PM

Wednesday, PM

8:30 ‐ 9:00 PM

Science Fair Set‐up

Palazzo Ballroom

10:00 PM ‐12:00 AM

Hospitality Suite

Suite

Thursday,

April 5

24 Hr. 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM 7:00 AM ‐ 8:30 AM 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM 7:00 AM ‐ 8:00 AM 7:30 AM ‐ 9:00 AM 7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out Science Bowl/Fair Office NPC Meeting NOBCChE Office Executive Board Meeting Coffee Science Bowl Staging Area

Porte Cochere Cordova 3 Milagro Boardroom

La Serena Boardroom Foyer Salons D‐E Palazzo Pre‐Function

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 1

Amarante 2

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 2

Amarante 3

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 3

Del Lago 1

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 4

Del Lago 2

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 5

Del Lago 3

7:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Bowl 6

Del Lago 4 35

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 7:00 AM ‐ 8:00 AM 8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM 8:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Fair Set‐up Junior & Senior Division Registration Interview Rooms

Palazzo Salon A‐H

Foyer Salons D‐E

8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM

Science Fair Viewing

Palazzo Ballroom

8:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM

Career Fair

Palazzo Ballroom

9:00 AM ‐ 11:50 AM

Science Fair Judging Junior Division Senior Division

Thursday, AM Presenters:

Professional Development Workshop

9:00 – 11:00 AM Amarante 1 ʺFunding Opportunities for Chemistsʺ Tyrone D. Mitchell and Wade N. Sisk Chemistry Division, National Science Foundation (NSF), and

Dr. Vonda Smith, Scientific Review Administrator, CSR, and Dr. Adolphus Toliver, Chief , MARC Branch, MORE Division, NIGMS, National Institutes of Health

Thursday, AM Session Chair: 9:00‐9:15

Technical Session 8 9:00 – 12:00 Noon Host‐Guest Organic Chemistry

Oladapo Bakare Depart of Chemistry, Howard University

Mediterranean Salon 2

“Microwave Synthesis Of Cyanine Dyes” Angela J. Winstead*,1 Richard Williams,1 Duane Hill2 1Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 2Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

36

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 9:15‐9:30

9:30‐9:45

9:45‐10:00

10:00‐10:05 10:05‐10:20

10:35‐10:50

10:50‐11:05

11:05‐11:10

“A Novel Approach For Amide Bond Formation Using Microwave Conditions” Henry North*, Adebowale Ogunjirin, Justin Sebakijje, Gabriela Macias, Melinna Allenye, LaVerne Brown, Ph.D. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.

“Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Aminoalkyloxy Derivatives Of 1,3,5(10) – Estratriene‐Like Steroids As Potential Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents” Devora A. Simmons and John S. Cooperwood* College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307

“The Total Synthesis Of Methyl Jasmonate And Jasmonic Acid” Steve O. Lawrence, Dr. William E. Crowe* Louisiana State University; Department of Chemistry; Baton Rouge, LA. 70803 Break

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Dithiocarbamate‐Containing Podocarpic Acid Derivatives” Claudia Mouamba, and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059

“Hydrogen Bonding Initiated Decolorization Of 10‐Chloro‐9‐ Anthracene Carboxaldehyde” Josette Crout Seibles* Temple University, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, PA 19122

“Towards Synthetic Transmembrane Chloride Transporters: Structure– Function Studies On Amido‐Substituted Calix[4]Arenes” Oluyomi A. Okunola and Jeffery T. Davis* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

Break

37

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 11:10‐11:25

11:25‐11:40

Thursday, AM Session Chair: 9:00‐9:15

9:15‐9:30

9:30‐9:50

9:50‐10:00

“Cross‐Reactive Poly(Thiophene)S Sensor Arrays” Marc S. Maynor, Travis K. Deason, Toby L. Nelson, John J. Lavigne* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina

“The Synthesis Of Silylated 1,3‐Alternate Calixarenes” Prima R. Tatum, Paul F. Hudrlik*, and Anne M. Hudrlik Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059

Technical Session 9 9:00 – 10:30 am Analytical Chemistry

Mediterranean Salon 3

Murphy Keller NETL, United States Department of Energy “Characterization Of The Sour Orange Tree Extracts By Multidimensional Gas Chromatography” Roderquita K. Moore1, 2, Jean‐Marie D. Dimandja*3 1Clark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705 3Spelman College, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314

“Human Hair As An Indicator Of Exposure To Environmental Toxicants” Charlotte A. Smith‐Baker*, Fawzia Abdel‐Rahman, James H. Nance, and Mahmoud A. Saleh Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX 77004

“GC/MS Multi‐Analyte Determination Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Human Hemoglobin Adduct Exposure Levels And Spectroscopic Structure/Activity Correlations” Angela Ragin, Alisha Wright, Kenroy Crawford, Selvin Edwards, Donald G Patterson, Jr. and James Grainger* National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA

Break

38

PROGRAM SCHEDULE “FT‐ICR Studies On The Reactivity Of Aromatic Biradicals Toward Amino Acids” George O. Pates and Hilkka Kenttämaa* Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN 47907‐ 1393

“Parameters That Contribute To The Efficient Generation And Rapid Detection Of Biologically Relevant Ions In Aerosol Phase Maldi Mass Spectrometry” Erica L. McJimpsey*1, 2; Paul Steele2; Michael Bogan2; Matthias Frank2; Eric Gard2; Herbert J. Tobias2 , Carlito B. Lebrilla1 1University of California‐Davis, Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA 95616 2Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Bio‐Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Group, Livermore, CA 94550

10:00‐10:15

10:15‐10:30

Professional Development Workshop Mediterranean Salon 3 Thursday, AM 10:30 AM – 12:00 Noon “Managing Technical Professionals” Presenters April Idleburg, Deborah Allen, and Steven Carter, DEA 12:00 PM – 1:30 PM

Lunch (On your own)

Hotel Restaurants

1:00 PM – 3:00 PM

Science Fair Viewing

American Society for Engineering Mediterranean Salon 1 Education (ASEE) Workshop 1:00 – 2:30 PM Mr. Tim Turner, ASEEʹs Program Director, NSFʹs Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Presenter

Financial Workshop Mediterranean Salon 2 Thursday, PM 2:30 ‐ 4:00 PM “Estate Planning – Now That You Got It, How Do You Keep It” Presenter Derry Haywood, The Pennisula Group

Milligan Fellowship Session Marbella 1‐2 Thursday, PM 2:30 ‐ 5:00 PM Moderators Dr. Janice Reutt‐Robey, University of MD, College Park, and Dr. Marlon L. Walker, National Institute of Standards & Technology

39

PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Thursday, PM Session Chair: 3:00‐3:15

3:15‐3:30

3:30‐3:45

3:45‐3:50 3:50‐4:05

Technical Session 10 3:00‐5:30 pm Biochemistry

Cordova 1

Carl Johnson Department of Chemistry, Southern University, New Orleans

“Expression And Purification Of Arginine Variants Of The High Mobility Group A1 (Hmga1) Protein” Richard C. Anderson, Kelly Pace, and Takita F. Sumter, Ph.D.* Winthrop University Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, Rock Hill, SC 29733

“Molecular Dynamic Studies Of Several Hiv‐1 Protease Modified Peptide Inhibitors: Shape And Size Specificity” Christina Russell1, Debra Bryan1, John West1, Ben Dunn2, Reginald Parker3, Jesse Edwards1 1Chemistry Department Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 2Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 3Ubiquitous Technologies Inc., Research and Development Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida

“Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopic Studies Of Geobacillus Stearothermophilus Nitric Oxide Synthase” Ryan D. Kinloch1, Masanori Sono1, Jawahar Sudhamsu2, Brian R. Crane2, and John H. Dawson1* 1University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, SC 29208 2Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853

Break “Structural Investigation Of Mutated Spliceosomal U2 SnRNA‐Intron Helices: Importance Of An RNA Base Triple In The Spliceosomal Core” Joycelynn D. Nelson and Nancy L. Greenbaum* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306‐4390

40

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 4:05‐4:20

4:20‐4:35

4:35‐4:40 4:40‐4:55

4:55‐5:10

5:10‐5:30

“Comparison Of Various Metals On The Effects Of Oxidative Stress Using 8‐Hydroxy,2‐Deoxyguanosine As Aabiomarker” Eugene A. Gibbs‐Flournoy*, Renard L. Thomas, Bobby L. Wilson NASA University Research Center for Biotechnology & Environmental Health, Texas Southern University, Houston TX 77004

“Characterization Of The DNA Binding Activity Of NZF‐1 Upon Substitution Of Iron For Zinc” Niall D. Lue Sue*1, Sarah L. J. Michel2, and Holly J. Cymet1 1 Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21251 2 University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201

Break “In Vitro Cartilage Generation Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Three Dimensional Gag‐Chitosan Scaffolds” Margaret O. Thornton and Howard W.T. Matthew Wayne State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Detroit, MI 48202

“Chemotheraputic Effects Of Fluorescent Cyanine Dye Constructs In MCF‐7 Cell Lines” Michael W. Baker*1, Colette Ntam1, Dwayne Hill1 , Nicole Flemming2, Nikia Smith2, Angela Winstead2, Deshauna Curry2, Richard Williams2 and Laundetta Jones3 Departments of Biology1 and Chemistry2Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics3, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201

“Fluorescent Metal Ion Biosensing: A Tool For Measuring Zn(II) At The Molecular Level” Tamiika K. Hurst*1, Lyra Chang2, Richard B.Thompson3, Carol A. Fierke1, 2 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 2Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 3Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201

41

PROGRAM SCHEDULE Technical Session 11 3:00‐5:30 pm Chemical and Materials Engineering

Thursday, PM

Mediterranean Salon 3

Session Chair:

Isaac Gamwo NETL, United States Department of Energy

3:00‐3:15

“Fabrication Of Large, Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)‐Polyethylene Glycol (PLA‐PEG) Microcrospheres Encapsulating Polyethylenimine (PEI‐ DNA) For Sustained Gene Expression” Treniece L Terry*1, Victor GJ Rodgers2, Aliasger K Salem1,3 1University of Iowa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA, 52242, 2University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, CA, 92521 3University of Iowa, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Iowa City, IA, 52242

“Nanocontact Molding: Polymeric Materials Issues For Imprint Lithography For High Resolution Pattern Transfer” Erik C. Hagberg, Isaac W. Moran, Sarav B. Jhaveri, and Kenneth R. Carter* Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003

“Morphological Characteristics, Phase Behavior, And Structure Of Nanoscale‐Modified Block Copolymers” Michelle K. Bowman+*, Jon SamsethҰ, Steve D. Smith£, Kim Ø.

Rasmussen§, Russell B. Thompson€, Michael R. Bockstallerж, Richard J. Spontak+‡ +Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 ҰDepartment of Process Technology, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway £Miami Valley Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45061 §Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 €Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada жDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon

3:15‐3:30

3:30‐3:45

42

PROGRAM SCHEDULE University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

3:45‐3:50 3:50‐4:05

4:05‐4:20

4:20‐4:35

4:35‐4:40 4:40‐4:55

4:55‐5:10

Break

“Surfactant Effects On Clay Dispersion In Clay‐Polymer Nanocomposites” Kwame Owusu‐Adom and C. Allan Guymon* University of Iowa Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242

“Comparative Leaching Of Water Treatment Residuals Under Landfill Simulated Environments” Muhammed. M. Mukiibi Junior∗1, Amlan Ghosh2, Eduardo Sáez3 and Wendell Ela4.

Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ – 85721

“The Coalescence Phenomena And Droplets Motion In Spinodal Decomposition Of Low‐Viscosity Partially Miscible Solvent Mixtures” Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, NY 11201

Break

“Biocatalytic Systems For Aromatic Oxidations” Angela M. McIver1*, Tonya L. Peeples1 1University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242

“Chemical Looping Combustion System‐ Fuel Reactor Modeling” Isaac K. Gamwo1,* Jonghwun Jung2, Richard Anderson1, and Yee Soong1 1U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15235‐094 2Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439

5:30 PM ‐ 7:00 PM

P&G Reception

Ritz Carlton Plaza 3 43

PROGRAM SCHEDULE (Graduate Students Only) 6:00 PM – 7:00 PM

Banquet Reception

Ritz Carlton Tuscony Foyer Salon

Thursday, PM

NOBCChE Awards Banquet

Ritz Carlton/ Tuscany Salon A‐D

7:00 – 10:30 PM

7:00 PM – 10:00 PM

Science Competitions Social (DJ)

Salons F‐H

10:00 PM ‐12:00 AM

Hospitality Suite

Suite

Friday

April 6

6:30 AM ‐ 7:15 AM 24 Hr. 7:00 AM ‐ 8:30 AM

Healthy Lifestyles Work‐out Science Bowl/Fair Office NPC Meeting

Porte Cochere Cordova 3

7:30 AM ‐9:00 AM 8:00 AM ‐ 2:30 pM 8:00 AM ‐ 5:00 PM

Coffee Registration Breakdown Interview Rooms

Foyer Salons D‐E Foyer Salons D‐E

8:00 AM – 11:45 AM

Science Bowl Finals Senior Division & Junior Division Career Fair Booth Tear Down

Palazzo Salon A‐C

9:00 AM – 12:00

Palazzo Ballroom

Friday, AM Session Chair

9:00‐9:25

Technical Session 12

9:00‐10:30 Mediterranean Salon 2 Spectroscopy Alvin Kennedy Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University Presenters

The Time Dependence Of The Cometary Emissions Generated During The Deep Impact Mission To Comet 9P/ Temple 1 William M. Jackson1 and Anita L. Cochran2 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 2McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin

44

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 9:25‐9:40

9:40‐9:55

“Development And Construction Of A Larger Volume Microcoil NMR Probe For The Routine Analysis Of 20μL Samples” Ian Henry*, Gregory H.J. Park, Ravi KC, and Daniel Raftery Purdue University, Dept. of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN 47907

“Establishing A Correlation Between The Viscosity Of Oxidized Motor Oil And Its 1H‐NMR” Nigel E. Lloyd* and Shawn M. Abernathy, Ph.D Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

9:55‐10:00 10:00‐10:15

10:15‐10:30

Friday, AM Session Chair: 9:00‐9:15

Break

“Raman Spectroscopy Of Strained Silicon Structures” Albert J. Paul*, Martin L. Green, and Grady S. White Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899

“Microwave Heating Of Two Phase Immiscible Liquid Mixtures” Alvin P. Kennedy*, Solomon Tadesse, Janine K. Nunes, Melanine Wyche Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. 21251

Technical Session 13 9:00 AM ‐12:00 Noon Analytical Chemistry: Emerging Tools and Technologies

Rebecca Tinsley Colgate‐Palmolive Company

Mediterranean Salon 3

“Synthesis And Applications Of Octabrominated Porphyrins” Daniel McCall1, Holly Herrin2, Jack Owens1, and Rosalie A. Richards1* 1Department of Chemistry & Physics, Georgia College & State CBX 082, Milledgeville, GA 31061 2Baldwin High School, Milledgeville, 155 W Highway 49, Milledgeville, GA 31061

45

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 9:15‐9:30

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Anion Sensors” Yousef Hijji * Chemistry Department, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

9:30‐9:45

“An Electrochemical, Enzyme‐Amplified, Sandwich‐Type Immunoassay With Reduced Non‐Specific Binding Of Targets And Much Improved Sensitivity And Dynamic Range” Yongchao Zhang* Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

9:45‐10:00

“Novel Fluorescent Supports For Immunosensor Applications” Wraegen A. M. Williams, Suzanne M. Ruder, Ph.D.* Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Chemistry, Richmond, VA, 23284

10:00‐10:05 10:05‐10:20

Break “Improving An Immunosensor Design: The Synthesis And Electrochemical Evaluation Of Novel Antibody Immobilizing Agents” Dwight A. Williams, Charlene Crawley and Suzanne Ruder* Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Chemistry, Richmond, VA 23284

10:20‐10:35

“Fabrication Of DNA Microarrays On Poly (Methylmethacrylate) Substrates For Biomolecular Reporting” Catherine Situma1, 2 and Steven A. Soper* 1, 2 1Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 2Center for Bio‐Modular Multi‐Scale Systems, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

10:35‐10:50

“Utilization Of A Conjugated Polymer‐Based Sensor For Biological Sensing Applications” Toby L. Nelson, Ivy Tran, John J. Lavigne* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208

10:50‐11:05

“Nano‐Templates For Viral Protein Cages Assembly”

1 1 Stella E. Aniagyei* , Chelsea J. Kennedy , David S. Pavkovich1, Deborah A. Willits2, Trevor Douglas3, Mark J. Young2, Bogdan G. Dragnea1 1Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717 3Montana State University, Department of Chemistry, Bozeman, MT 59717

46

PROGRAM SCHEDULE 11:05‐11:10 11:10‐11:25

11:25‐11:40

11:40‐11:55

Break

“Design And Construction Of Nanografted Arrays Of Ω‐Functionalized N‐Alkanethiols: Influence Of Concentration On The Formation Of Single Or Double Layers” Algernon T. Kelley, Johnpeter Ngunjiri, Jayne C. Garno* Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA

“SERS And DFT Of 4’’‐Trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl‐4,4’‐Bis‐ (Phenyleneethynylene)Benzene Thiol On Silver And Gold Nanospheres” Melissa C. Fletcher,† Alberto Vivoni, ‡ Martin M. Moore,≡ James Lui,§ Joshua Caldwell,§ S. M. Prokes,§ Orest Glembocki,§ Stephen Choquette, Charles M. Hosten†* †Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, ‡Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, Inter American University, San German PR ≡Naval Research Laboratory, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375, §Naval Research Laboratory, Electronic Technology, Washington, DC 20375, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899

“High‐Throughput Ion Mobility “Combing” For Monitoring Changes In Aging Drosophila” Renã A. Sowell*1, Ruwan T. Kurulugama1, John F. Kellie1, Kuang He1, Zachary B. Henson1, Thomas C. Kaufman2, and David E. Clemmer1 1Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405

47

PROGRAM SCHEDULE Technical Session 14 9:00‐12:00 Noon Environmental Chemistry

Friday, AM

Mediterranean Salon 2

Session Chair:

10:45‐11:00

“The Analysis And Characterization Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In Aquatic Environments And Their Effects On The Reproductive Cell Of Aquatic Organisms Utilizing Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection – Mass Spectrometry (LC – DAD – MS)” Katoria R. Tatum‐Gibbs_*, Renard L. Thomas, and Bobby L. Wilson Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX

“The Aqueous Geochemistry Of Dirhenium Heptasulfide” Marvourneen K. Dolor* and George R. Helz Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742

“Seasonal Analysis Of Air Toxics In Washington, DC” S. Melaku*, V. Morris, D. Raghavan, and C. Hosten Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

“Toluene And Xylene Induced Expression Of Stress Protein Determined

By Gene Array Analysis In Kidney Cells” Kahkashan Malik*, Gabriel Kristanto, Dr.Felicia Conley, Dr.Renard L. Thomas, Dr. Bobby L, Wilson Texas Southern University. Houston, Texas

“A Kinetic Model For Microbial Decontamination Based On A Modified Fenton Reaction” Bahati J. Dramou¹; Vishal Shah²; José M. Pinto¹,* ¹Othmer‐Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn NY 11201 ²Department of Biology, Dowling College, Oakdale NY 11769

11:00‐11:15

11:15‐11:30

11:30‐11:45

11:45‐12:00

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PROGRAM SCHEDULE

Students Awards Luncheon 12:00 N – 2:30 PM Awards Presentations

3:00 PM ‐ 5:00 PM

Science Competition Educational Trip

4:00 PM – 6:00 PM

National Planning Committee Meeting

Assemble at Ballroom Porte‐Cochere Suite

10:00 PM ‐12:00 AM

Hospitality Suite

Suite

Saturday

April 7

9:00 AM – 4:00 PM

NPC Meeting

La Serena Boardroom

Friday Noon

49

What’s behind

the smile?

Tracey and Chad, Colgate-Palmolive

Great company, great people, and exciting careers.

Every day brings opportunities for development. We value personal leadership, results, and growth. Because our vision isn’t simply to be the biggest, it’s to be the best truly global consumer products company. That’s Colgate and to learn more about what we are doing to become the Best Place to Work, we invite you to visit our website:

www.colgate.com

NOBCChE 2007 EXHIBITORS

3M St. Paul, MN

Abbott Laboratories Abbott Park, IL

American Chemical Society Washington, DC

BASF Florham Park, NJ

Bayer Material Science Pittsburgh, PA

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield, CT

Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY

California Institute of Technology ‐ Graduate Pasadena, CA Cargill Wayzota, MN

Colgate‐Palmolive Company Piscatway, NJ

Corning Incorporated Corning, NY

The Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI

Drug Enforcement Administration Arlington, VA

DuPont Company Pawtucket, RI

Eastman Kodak Rochester, NY

Eli Lilly And Company Indianapolis, IN

Florida A&M University ‐ Environmental Sciences Institute Tallahassee, FL

Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA

GlaxoSmithkline Research Triangle Park, NC

Hewlett‐Packard Company

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Lawrence , CA

The Lubrizol Corporation Wickliffe, OH

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA

Merck & Co West Point, PA

National Research Council Of The National Academies Washington, DC

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NOBCChE 2007 EXHIBITORS National Institute Of Standards & Technology Gaithersburg, MD

Norfolk State University Norfolk, VA

ORISE ‐ Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge, TN

PPG Industries Pittsburgh, PA

Praxair, Inc. Tonawanda, NY

Roche Laboratories Inc. Nutley, NJ

Rohm And Haas Company Spring House, PA

UNCF Special Programs Corporation (UNCFSP) Fairfax, VA

University Of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA

University of Illinois at Urbana Champagne Urbana, IL

University Of Maryland College of Chemical & Life Science College Park, MD

University Of Massachesetts ‐ Amherst Amherst, MA

University Of Wisconsin, Madison Madison, WI

Wayne State University Detroit, MI

Yale University New haven, CT

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS Sunday, AM/PM

COACh Workshop

7:00 AM – 5:00 PM “Transforming the Careers of Women Scientists”

This workshop will help professional women be more effective when leading or participating in discussions, meetings, or group negotiations. Learn about strategic rather than reactive behaviors and how one presents oneself and oneʹs ideas is a key to their acceptance and your success. This workshop, which combines self presentation, leadership training, and faculty development in an interactive format that encourages highly personal learning, is designed to enhance womenʹs abilities and confidence in such situations. It will 1) help African American and other minority professional women learn more about the personal characteristics that impact how they are perceived and received in the workplace, 2) use role‐plays of their own cases, and 3) coach participants in strategic management of discussions and negotiations.

In order to be maximally effective women must understand the variety of personality and learning styles with which they will likely interact. The workshop will help participants discover their own personality and learning styles, and will help them develop strategies that are effective in dealing with persons like themselves and persons who are very different Facilitators: • Saundra McGuire, PhD, Director of the Center for Academic Success, Louisiana State University • Sharon Neal, PhD, Associate Professor in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at University of Delaware, Newark, DE • Jane Tucker, PhD , Director, Human Resources, Teaching and Organizational Development, Duke University, Durham, NC • Ernestine Taylor, PhD , Senior Associate, Center for Creative Leadership •

Monday, AM

Teachers Workshop Mediterranean Salon 2 7:00 AM ‐ 4:30 PM “Achieving Science Through Education”

Sponsored by 3M, AAAS, Abbott Laboratories, ACS, NASA/UCLA, and NOBCChE This year’s science teachers’ workshop will assist science educators at the elementary, secondary, and high school levels using various teaching strategies and techniques. The 2007 workshop will also provide resources and materials that will assist in enhancing your curriculum.

In addition, educators will have an opportunity to discuss issues and various challenges that face science educators. The objective for this workshop is to assist educators in improving test scores among minority and underrepresented students. This will further assist students to pursue careers in science and technology.

A continental breakfast and lunch will be provided to registered teachers. There is no cost for science educators.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Monday, AM

Henry A. Hill Lecture 10:30 ‐ 11:50

Mediterranean Salon 3 Sponsored by the American Chemistry Society Northeast Section

Dr. Henry A. Hill 1977 ACS President

Dr. Henry Aaron Hill (1915 – 1979), the renowned African ‐ American chemist in whose memory this award was established, was a former Chairman of the ACS Northeastern Section (1963) and President of the American Chemical Society in 1977. Dr. Hill’s outstanding contributions to chemistry, particularly industrial chemistry, and to the professional welfare of chemists are legion. Dr. Hill’s first concern and interest was in his fellow humans, and this was the driving force behind all that he did both in the chemical community and the world at large.

Henry Hill was a native of St. Joseph, Missouri. He was a graduate of Johnson C. Smith University in North Carolina and received the doctorate degree from M.I.T. in 1942, after getting the highest grades in his class. He began a professional career in industrial chemistry in that year, with North Atlantic Research Corporation of Newtonville, Massachusetts. He eventually rose to be vice president while doing research on and development of water‐based paints, fire‐fighting foam, and several types of synthetic rubber. After leaving North Atlantic Research, he worked as a group leader in the research laboratories of Dewey and Almy Chemical Company before starting his own entrepreneurial venture—National Polychemicals in 1952. Ten years later he founded Riverside Research Laboratories in Cambridge, Mass. The firm offered research, development and consulting services in resins, rubbers, textiles and in polymer production. Riverside Research Laboratory introduced four successful commercial enterprises, including its own manufacturing affiliate. Dr. Hill, particularly after having been appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the National Commission on Product Safety, became active in research and testing programs in the field of product flammability and product safety.

The American Chemical Society was always very close to Henry Hill’s heart. His active career with the ACS began in the middle 1950s in the Northeastern Section. Dr. Hill served on Northeastern Section committees, became a councilor in 1961 and was Chairman of the Section in 1963. He served the ACS in important National positions including secretary and chairman of the Professional Relations Committee, the ACS Council; Policy Committee, the Board of Directors, and ultimately president in 1977. He made an especially significant impact in professionalism by pioneering establishment of a set of guidelines defining acceptable behavior for employers in their professional relations with chemists and chemical engineers. This effort resulted in the ACS landmark document entitled ʺProfessional Employment Guidelines.ʺ Dr. Henry Hill remains to date as the only African American to become President of the American Chemical Society. In recognition of his many outstanding achievements, NOBCChE identifies an outstanding African – American chemist or chemical engineer to be designated as that year’s Henry A. Hill Lecturer. Dr. Reatha Clark King, former President and Board Chair, General Mills Foundation, is this year’s honoree. Our award is sponsored by the ACS Northeast Section.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Monday, PM

ACS Distinguished Scientists Symposium 4:45 ‐ 6:00

Del lago 1‐2

Sponsored by American Chemical Society

Dr. Kenneth Olden, Chief of the Metastasis Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC “The Complex Relationship between Poverty, Pollution, and Health Status“ Poor people live and work in the most hazardous environments, so, surely exposure to these hazardous substances is, at least in part, responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality experienced by such populations. Since racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately poor, the environment is a major contributor to health disparities. Environmental health research and outreach efforts to address health disparities will be discussed.

Tuesday, AM

NASA Astrobiology Workshop

8:00 ‐ 9:00 AM Del Lago 3

“Educational and Research Opportunities in Astrobiology” Todd Gary, PhD and Benita Bell, PhD Co‐Directors, Minority Institute Astrobiology Collaborative

Astrobiology is a new and exciting field that focuses on the origin, distribution and destiny of life in the universe. This new interdisciplinary field of science centers around NASA missions throughout the solar system and the examination of unusual life forms on Earth. This session will introduce NOBCChE members to the field of astrobiology and opportunities to become involved in research, education or networking in astrobiology.

Opportunities to be discussed include a NASA funded program, the NASA Astrobiology Institute‐Minority Institution Research Support program (NAI‐MIRS), joining a network of HBCUʹs and Minority Serving Institutions focused on astrobiology, MIAC, and participating in a NASA educational curriculum, Astrobiology in the Secondary Classroom.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Tuesday, AM

Forensic Workshop 10:00 – 11:45 AM

Del Lago 1‐2

ʺChemistry in the Drug Enforcement Administrationʺ Moderator:

Kiana Hamlett, Forensic Chemist, DEA South Central Laboratory

The DEA Forensic Laboratory System is one of the most unique systems in forensic laboratories.

Chemists are employed at every level of the system. Most forensic laboratories are in conjunction with state, local, or federal police organizations. This being the case, most laboratories hire technicians and have various means by which the laboratory makes its reports or persons available to testify in the court of law. The DEA laboratory employs chemists who perform the analysis; Supervisory Chemists who conduct technical reviews of work; and all levels of management who set the policy are chemists.

Regulation and Control of Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals: The production of illegal drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and MDMA (ecstasy) requires enormous quantities of precursor and essential chemicals.

The primary chemical precursors necessary for the illicit production of methamphetamine are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. These chemical precursors are commonly available as single entity or combination over‐the‐counter (OTC) products. DEA believes controlling these chemical precursors used to make methamphetamine is a vital part of the overall strategy to combat methamphetamine abuse. Current legislation enacted restricts or limits easy access to these products, as well as, impacts the importation of these chemical precursors while allowing access to the legitimate chemical industry. DEA will provide an overview and discuss its efforts to control these chemical precursors.

Methadone Associated Mortality: Methadone is a synthetic schedule II narcotic controlled substance. The drug is a tool of proven effectiveness for treating heroin addiction. Methadone has also been available as a pain medication since WWII. There has been an increase in physicians prescribing methadone tablets for the treatment of pain. The drug which is considered an excellent analgesic is inexpensive compared to other similar opiate pain medications. The effectiveness of the drug for both the treatment of addiction and pain has increased availability and unintentionally supplied the illicit market.

Consequently resulting in the publics association of the drug with death and injury as several high profile deaths involving the drug were reported in local and national media outlets. DEA will discuss this situation and the agencies efforts to address the problem.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS Tuesday, PM

NOBCChE Health Forum 1:00 – 3:00 PM “Obesity in the African‐American Community”

Del Lago 3‐4

The 2007 NOBCChE Health Symposium will focus on “Obesity in the African American Community.” One of the biggest health stories of 2006 has been the rise in obesity among

both adults and children in the U.S. Obesity is a severe public health crisis. Experts agree that as more and more obese children become obese adults, the diseases associated with obesity, such as heart disease, cancer, and especially diabetes will surge. A recent CDC study of weight in the U.S. found that 31% of adults are obese and 15% of children and teenagers age 6‐19 are overweight. Although obesity is a problem for all groups and genders, it is particularly severe among certain ethnic groups. For instance, 50% of all non‐ Hispanic black women are obese. The trend in overweight is related to a lot of cultural, economic, and environmental factors, and we need to work together to figure out what to do about it. The challenge of this symposium will be to convey the information that this is our health problem and itʹs one that we can do something about. Our panel will shed some light on obesity issues and available solutions.

Wednesday, AM

PercyL Julian Lecture 10:30 ‐ 11:50 AM

Cordova 2

Dr. Percy L. Julian (1899 – 1975) National Academy of Sciences (Elected 1973)

The Percy L. Julian Award for significant contributions in pure and/or applied research in science or engineering is our most prestigious award. Dr. Julian was an African‐American who obtained his BS in Chemistry from DePauw University in 1920. Although he entered DePauw as a “substandard freshman,” he graduated as the class valedictorian with Phi Beta Kappa honors. His first job was as an instructor at Fisk University. Julian left Fisk and obtained a masterʹs degree in chemistry from Harvard in 1928, and his Ph.D. in 1931 from the University of Vienna, Austria. It was after his return to DePauw in 1933 that Julian conducted the research that led to the synthesis of physostigmine, a drug used in the treatment of glaucoma2. Julian left DePauw in 1936 to become director of research of the Soya Products Division of the Glidden Company in Chicago. This position at Glidden made Julian the world’s first African – American to lead a research group in a major corporation. Dr. Julian rewarded Gliden’s faith in him by producing many new commercial products from soy beans. An entrepreneur as well as a scientist, in 1953 he founded Julian 57

FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS Laboratories and later Julian Associates, Inc. and the Julian Research Institute. Over the course of his career he acquired over 115 patents, including one for a fire‐extinguishing foam that was used on oil and gasoline fires during World War II2. Though he had over 100 patents and 200 scientific publications, his most notable contribution was in the synthesis of steroids from soy and sweet potato products. Dr. Julian’s life and contributions were the subject of a recent biopic by NOVA/PBS entitled, “Forgotten Genius.”3 The film was broadcast nationally on February 6, 2007 on PBS TV stations.

The table below summarizes the winners of the NOBCChE Percy L Julian Award: Year

Award Recipients

Year Award Recipients

1975

Dr. Arnold Stancel (1) Mobil Oil Company

1993 Dr. Joseph Gordon, IBM

1977 1979

Dr. W. Lincoln Hawkins, Bell Laboratories Dr. William Lester, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

1994 Dr. Dotsevi Y. Sogah, Cornell University

1981

Dr. James Mitchell (2), Bell Laboratories

1982

Dr. K.M. Maloney, Allied Corporation

1983

Dr. B.W. Turnquest, ARCO Petroleum

1985 1986

Dr. William Jackson, (3) Howard University Dr. George Reed, Argonne National Laboratory

1987

Dr. Reginald Mitchell, Stanford University

1988 1989

Dr. Isiah Warner (4), Emory University Dr. James C. Letton, Proctor & Gamble Company Dr. Theodore Williams, College of Wooster (Ohio)

1990 1991

1995 Dr. Joseph Francisco, Purdue University Dr. Edward Gay, Argonne National 1996 Laboratory 1997 Dr. James H. Porter , UV Technologies Dr. William A. Guillory, Innovations 1998 Consulting Dr. Linneaus Dorman, Dow Chemical 1999 Company 2001 John E. Hodge (5) (1914–96), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 2001 James A. Harris (5) (1932–2000), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 2002 Dr. Victor McCrary, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory 2003 Dr. Victor Atiemo‐Obeng, Dow Chemical Company 2004 Dr. Gregory Robinson, University of Georgia

Dr. Bertrand Frazier‐Reed, Duke University

2005 Dr. James H. Wyche, University of Miami

2006 Dr. Jimmie L. Williams, Corning Incorporated 1992 Dr. Willie May, NIST Notes: (1) ‐ Currently at Georgia Tech; (2) Currently at Howard University; (3) Currently at UC Davis; (4) ‐ Currently at LSU; (5) – Awarded post humorously.

References and recommended reading 1 2 3

NOBCChE’s Percy L Julian Award, http://www.nobcche.org/index.cfm?PageID=50174597-757C-432EBA8C253625586175&PageObjectID=37 Percy Julian, Wikipedia Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Julian Julian – Trail Blazer, Peter Tyson, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/julian/civil.html

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Wednesday Noon

Percy L. Julian Luncheon

Ritz Carlton/Tuscany Salon A‐D

12:00 – 1:15 PM “LIGO: At the frontier of gravitational‐wave research and science education*”

Dr. Stephen C. McGuire, Chair, Department of Physics, Southern University and A&M College

As one of the forefront physics experiments of our time, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐ wave Observatory (LIGO) seeks to extend our understanding of the fundamental nature of gravity.

Through the direct detection of gravitational radiation LIGO promises to open a new area of observational astronomy. Being a major physics experiment it offers unique opportunities for science research as well as innovations in science education. This talk focuses on recent outcomes from the partnership between Southern University and A&M College at Baton Rouge and the LIGO project. After a brief description of the LIGO experiment, our program of research in optical materials for use in advanced versions of the interferometer will be presented. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying chemical properties and structural features of suitable mirror coatings that minimize optical absorption, a source of thermal noise in the interferometer. This will be followed by a discussion of Southern University’s role in the recently completed LIGO Science Education Center, an interactive exhibits‐based facility for science teacher training and increasing public interest in science.

Work supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-0101177 and PHY-0355471.

Wednesday, PM

Presenters

GEM Workshop 4:30 – 5:30 PM

ʺ Graduate School 101ʺ Marcus Huggans, Ph.D., GEM

Amarante 2

The road to a post‐baccalaureate degree has many twists, turns and pitfalls. There are several key factors to consider in the quest for a master’s or doctoral degree, not the least being the rationale for obtaining one in the first place.

The benefits of a graduate degree, finding funding, tips on Writing a Winning Statement of Purpose, the application and admissions process, and what exactly is a GEM fellowship are all points covered in one straight forward presentation and discussion.

Upon completion of the session, the early undergraduate participant should be able to determine whether or not she/he is interested in learning more about graduate school. The near or recent graduate should be able to decide if he/she has the drive, support network, and mentors to successfully pursue the degree program right for them and funding – including applying for a GEM fellowship.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Dolphus E. Milligan Symposium

Wednesday, PM 5:00 ‐ 6:30 PM Palazzo Salon H ʺThe American Competitiveness Initiative: What it is, Why you should care, and NISTʹs Role in it ʺ Presenters

Dr. William Jeffrey, Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD

The interstate highways, air traffic management system, and the electrical grid are ubiquitous, yet one rarely thinks about this infrastructure until a problem arises. But without this infrastructure, our economy and lives would be significantly and negatively impacted. And when the infrastructure is stressed due to congestion or bad weather ‐ we definitely notice the impact on our daily lives.

Similar to the physical infrastructure ‐ there is an ʺinnovation infrastructureʺ ‐‐ an underlying structure that helps foster innovation and transition scientific discoveries into the marketplace.

This innovation infrastructure helps to define our nationʹs capacity to innovate. And just like the physical infrastructure, when it is not functioning smoothly ‐ significant barriers to innovation can ‐‐ and do ‐‐ arise.

Both the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) and the National Academies, ʺRising Above the Gathering Stormʺ, specifically address the nationʹs innovation infrastructure. This includes Federal R&D spending; policies to encourage private sector R&D investment through tax credits; re‐emphasizing our commitment to education; and reforming our immigration policies to attract and retain the best and brightest high‐skilled workers from around the world.

In this talk I will describe the role that the National Institute of Standards and Technology plays in the Nationʹs innovation infrastructure and why NIST is specifically called out in the Presidentʹs ACI. To fulfill our new responsibilities under the ACI and continue to deliver high priority measurement services in current as well as emerging areas (such as the bio‐ and nanosciences), we will have to continually: •

Recruit and maintain world‐class staff

•

Develop effective partnerships with academic and private sector institutions.

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Thursday, AM

Professional Development Workshop

9:00 – 11:00 AM Amarante 1 ʺFunding Opportunities for Chemistsʺ

“Funding Opportunities for Chemists at the National Science Foundation”

Tyrone D. Mitchell and Wade N. Sisk Program Directors, Chemistry Division, National Science Foundation, Arlington VA 22230

The President’s FY ‘07 budget has called for an increase in funding for the National Science Foundation that would be on target to double its budget in ten years. However, the current federal budget environment has delayed this initiative. A recent decision to fund Research and Related Activities at the promised FY ‘07 level has made it possible for NSF and other agencies affected by this decision to continue some of its growth initiatives. In spite of these setbacks, the opportunities for new funding for chemists are numerous. This overview of the NSF and the Chemistry Division within the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate will highlight funding opportunities in fundamental research that are available to chemists and their collaborators. The talk will highlight NSF‐wide opportunities, cross‐disciplinary opportunities, and new programs that could impact the American Competitiveness Initiative outlined by the President in his 2006 State of the Union Address.

ʺThe Grant Writing and Peer Review Toolboxʺ Vonda Smith and Adolphus Toliver.

Program Directors, National Institute of Health (NIH)

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

Professional Development Workshop

Thursday, AM 10:30 AM – 12:00 Noon Mediterranean Salon 3 “Managing Technical Professionals” Presenter April Idleburg and Debie Allen, Drup Enforcement Agency Managing technical professionals require communication, team‐building, coaching and career planning skills. Managers must have the ability to identify, recruit and retain highly skilled technical professionals. Recognition of what motivates team members as well as the ability to identify team members’ technical competencies are also critical management skills. Successful technical managers build a foundation of mutual respect and form the bridge between the technical team and the non‐technical members of the organization.

This workshop will cover the following key concepts: 1. Recruiting and building high performance teams 2. Communicating and coaching 3. Motivating technical personnel 4. Performance management for technical professionals 5. Career development

Thursday, PM Presenter:

American Society for Engineering

Education (ASEE) Workshop Mediterranean Salon 1 1:00 – 2:30 PM Mr. Tim Turner, ASEEʹs Program Director, NSFʹs Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Workshop Content The workshop will provide students with insights into several fellowship/scholarships programs available to help them fund their studies. A detailed presentation will be given about the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program, the Department of Defense National Defense’s Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program (NDSEG), and the Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship Program. The presentation will describe these fellowships’ eligibility requirements, application processes and components, and also provide suggestions for submitting a competitive application.

Summary Description of each Program The National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program. This fellowship program provides students with three years of financial support including a $30,000 annual stipend and $10,500 cost‐of‐education allowance. U.S. citizens, nationals, or permanent resident aliens at or near the beginning of research‐based graduate studies in the Chemistry, Computer and Information Science and Engineering, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physics and Astronomy, Psychology, and Social Sciences fields are eligible to apply. For additional program information, please visit: https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/grfp/.

The National Defense Science And Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program (Ndseg). This fellowship program is sponsored by the Army Research Office, Office of Naval Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Department of Defense Performance Computing 62

FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS Modernization Program This program is intended for U.S. citizens at or near the beginning of their graduate studies in science and/or engineering programs. The fellowships are for three year tenures. The stipends begin at $30,500 for first year fellows, $31,000 for second year fellows, and $31,500 for third year fellows. Full tuition and fees and a health insurance allowance are included as part of the program. Please visit: http://www.asee.org/ndseg for application deadlines and detailed program information.

Science, Mathematics And Research For Transformation (Smart) Education Program. This education program provides scholarships and fellowships to students including an annual salary, full tuition, and other normal educational expenses. The purpose is to promote the education, recruitment and retention of undergraduate and graduate students in science, mathematics and engineering studies. The SMART Education Program is open only to citizens of the United States, and students must be at least 18 years of age to be eligible. There is an employment obligation to Department of Defense with this education program. For more information and application deadlines, please visit http://www.asee.org/smart.

Financial Workshop

Thursday, PM 2:30 ‐ 4:00 PM Mediterranean Salon 2 “Estate Planning – Now That You Got It, How Do You Keep It” Presenter Derry Haywood, The Pennisula Group With the ever changing financial environment in today’s economy, financial management is essential for ensuring that when we retire, we will be able to live a life style that is affordable. The Peninsula Group will host a financial education workshop that will equip attendees on how to make informed decisions and reach their long term financial goals. Education is the first key step to financial security. We invite you to attend the following workshop and discover financial solutions based on knowledge.

This comprehensive, one‐session workshop is designed for anyone who is serious about money management. By attending you can learn how to: • Create a financial plan • Manage your money • Save and invest • Allocate your investments • Plan for retirement • Estate Planning

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FORUM AND WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Sunday, AM/PM

COACh Workshop

7:00 AM – 5:00 PM “Transforming the Careers of Women Scientists”

Dr. Saundra Y McGuire, Director of the Center for Academic Success, Louisiana State University, baton Rouge, LA Dr. Saundra Yancy McGuire is the Director of the Center for Academic Success, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, and Associate Dean of University College at Louisiana State University. She received her B.S. degree, magna cum laude, from Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA in 1970; her M.A. from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in 1971, and her Ph.D. in Chemical Education in 1983 from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, where she received the Chancellorʹs Citation for Exceptional Professional Promise.

Prior to joining LSU in August 1999, Dr. McGuire spent eleven years at Comell University, where she served as Acting Director of the Center for Learning and Teaching and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry. While at Comell she received the highly coveted 1991 Clark Distinguished Teaching Award. Dr. McGuire has been teaching chemistry for the past 30 years, and has previously held academic appointments at The State University of New York, Brockport; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; and Alabama A & M University, Huntsville. She is actively involved in university curriculum reform efforts, and has written the Student Study Guide, Problem Solving Guide and Workbook, and Instructors Teaching Guide that accompanies the 2002 edition of the Russo Silver Introductory Chemistry textbook published by Benjamin Cummings.

Monday, AM

Teachers Workshop

7:00 AM ‐ 4:00 PM Mediterranean Salon 2 “Achieving Science Through Education”

Sponsored by AAAS, 3M and Roche Pharmaceuticals, Committee for Action Program Services

Mrs. Linda Davis, Committee Action Program Services Linda L. Davis is founder and executive director of the Committee for Action Program Services (CAPS). CAPS is a non‐profit organization specializing in teacher’s professional development in science and technology. In addition, she provides science enrichment program for students in grades 4 through 12, such as field trips to Johnson Space Center ‐ Houston; facilitate overnight camps to Science Place, Fair Park in Dallas, Texas.

CAPS has collaborated with the Luna Planetary and Institute (LPI) and the Genesis Mission Program, a space science educational program through NASA on professional development workshops for science educators in Dallas, Texas

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Mrs. Davis is the Administrator at Inspired Vision Academy I in Dallas, Texas. Her responsibilities include special program coordinator for science curriculum and enrichment programs; elementary advisor for test required programs; grant writer for the science department and community outreach programs, and coordinator/facilitator for staff development. Mrs. Davis holds a Bachelor of Science in Organizational Management from Paul Quinn College in Dallas, Texas.

Ms. Yolanda George, American Association for the Advancement of Science Yolanda S. George is Deputy Director and Program Director for the Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs (EHR) at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Her responsibilities include conceptualizing, developing, implementing, planning, and directing multi‐year intervention and research projects related to increasing the participation of minorities, women, and disabled persons in science and engineering. Her recent K‐12 mathematics and science reform work includes contributing to the development of materials for infusing equity into systemic reforms and conducting research on how state departments of education and school districts are aligning equity and science and math initiatives. Also, she has conducted equity reviews for textbooks and software publishers and test developers, including New Standards Science. She serves as a consultant to numerous federal and state agencies, foundations and corporations, and colleges and universities including the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Education, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the New Jersey State Department of Education, and the Louisiana State Department of Education, and serves on several advisory boards including the National Academy of Engineering Committee on Women in Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles Access Project, and WGBH Instructional Television Science Project and others.

Eva Graham, Ed. D., NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Eva Graham is the Manager for Minority Education Initiatives (MEI) a group with in the Education Office, at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

MEI is responsible for JPL’s response to the Presidential Executive Orders on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions and Tribal Colleges and Universities. The group also serves as a support system for mission based educational outreach programs targeting underrepresented /underserved communities.

The group maintains a very close working relationship with JPL’s Human Resources Staffing division as well as members of the technical communities, all in an effort to support the goal of offering access to JPL’s unique opportunities to the nation’s minority technical and educational communities. The relationships also support the Center’s overall goal of maintaining a diverse workforce via an education pipeline with a variety of entry points.

Eva is a returning employee; she began as a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow (SURF) and spent eight years in the Thermal Propulsion and Engineering section at JPL. Prior to returning to JPL she spent three years as a science teacher at Berkeley High School in Berkeley, California and 66

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS two years as the Director of Outreach, Recruitment and Enrollment at the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME) in New York City. Eva holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in chemistry from Xavier University of New Orleans and Tuskegee University, respectively, and a Doctorate in Education from The University of Southern California. Currently she represents JPL on the Pasadena Unified School District Partners in Education Board, and Los Angeles Trade Technical College Chemical Technology Alliance. She believes that her greatest accomplishment (and challenge) to date is parenthood!

Henry Hill Lecture 10:30 ‐ 11:45 AM

Dr. Reatha Clark King, Former President and Board Chair General Mills Foundation

Monday, AM

Mediterranean Salon 3

Sponsored by the American Chemistry Society Northeast Section

A chemist by training, Dr. King has extensive experiences in chemical research, education, academic administration, and philanthropy. She has helped to break racial and gender barriers in several professional fields. Immediately after graduation with a doctorate degree in physical chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1963, she began employment as a research chemist at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, DC [now NIST]. Her scientific and academic career also includes employment as a professor of chemistry and associate dean at York College of the City University of New York from 1968 – 1977 and as president of Metropolitan State University in the Twin Cities for 11 years, from 1977‐1988.

In 1988, Dr. King continued to surmount barriers in the field of philanthropy when she became the president of the General Mills Foundation and vice president of the company and served in this position until 2002, and later as chairperson of the Board of Trustees of the foundation from 2002‐ 2003. Today, she serves as a Senior Advisor of the Council of Foundations. She was awarded the 2004 Louis W. Hill, Jr. Fellow in Philanthropy at the Hubert H. Humphrey Center of the University of Minnesota.

In addition to her chemical research, education, and various community service activities, Dr. King has lectured extensively on the subjects of governance, community service, education and 67

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS social issues in the United States and in other countries. She has served on numerous national and state government commissions.

Dr. King is an expert on corporate and nonprofit governance and today she serves on numerous corporate and nonprofit boards of directors. Currently, she serves on the boards of Exxon Mobil Corporation and Lenox Group Inc. She is a former member of the Wells Fargo Company, Minnesota Mutual Companies and H. B. Fuller Company Boards of Directors. She serves on the Boards of Trustees of Clark Atlanta University, the International Trachoma Initiative, the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD, VocalEssence, Inc. (arts organization) and the American Occupational Therapy Foundation. She is a Life Trustee of the University of Chicago and a member of the Executive Leadership Council in Washington, D. C. She was appointed by both Presidents George W. Bush, Sr. and President Bill Clinton to the Commission on National and Community Service. She observes that her science background is immensely helpful in her work on corporate boards of directors.

Dr. King graduated from Clark Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia in 1958 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry and mathematics. She earned the masterʹs and doctorate degrees in chemistry from the University of Chicago and the MBA degree from Columbia University. She has received numerous honors and awards, including fourteen honorary doctorate degrees. In 1999, she was named by the Minneapolis Star Tribune as one of the 100 most influential Minnesotans of the last century. In June 2000, Dr. King was honored by the League of Women Voters as a recipient of the Civic Leader Award for her pioneering efforts to affect social change. In November 2000 she received the Minneapolis 2000 Award for civic leadership. In 2002, she received the Community Service Award from the Phyllis Wheatley Community Center and the Community Leadership Award from the Hennepin County Office of the County Attorney. Recently, she received the 2003 Humanitarian of the Year Award from the Minneapolis Community and Technical College and the 2003 Special Distinction Award from the General Mills Sales Division. She was awarded the Pioneer Award from WomenVenture, Inc. on October 31, 2003. On April 14, 2005, she was inducted into Junior Achievement of the Upper Midwest Business Hall of Fame.

In 2005 she was awarded (as co‐recipient) the 2005 award for Lifetime Achievement in Philanthropy by the National Center for Black Philanthropy. In 2004 she was chosen NACD Corporate Director of the Year (NACD ‐ National Association of Corporate Directors).

A longtime resident of Minnesota, she is very active with her family and is married to Dr. N. Judge King. They have two sons, a daughter‐in‐law, and three grandchildren.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Monday, PM

ACS Luncheon 12:00 – 1:15

Palazzo A‐C

Dr. Catherine T. Hunt 2007 President, American Chemical Society Leader, Technology Partnerships Rohm and Haas Company Spring House, PA 19477

Dr. Catherine T. (Katie) Hunt graduated from Smith College with high honors in Chemistry. She received a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of California, Davis with Professor Alan Balch.

As an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow at Yale University in MB&B (Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry), Katie extended her working knowledge of NMR to biological systems.

Katie started her career at Rohm and Haas Company in 1984 at the Spring House Technical Center. In her current role as Leader for Technology Partnerships (Emerging Technologies), she champions collaborations across industry, academia and national labs, working together with foundations and government agencies.

During her 3 years in the ACS presidential succession, Katie will focus on 3 central themes: 1. Education: educating legislators, the media, the public and the next generation, 2. Collaboration: building a strong, vibrant and vocal technical community, and 3. Innovation: recreating our companies, our schools and ourselves.

She serves on the executive board of the Council for Chemical Research where she is active in their Research Investment Network, drafting Science and Technology (S&T) policy statements and advocating for science on “the Hill” (Capitol Hill). Katie was an organizing member of the Vision 2020 Nanotechnology Roadmap and continues to be active in the rollout. She is a member of several associations including: ACS, AAAS, Sigma Xi and the NY Academy of Science.

Katie lives in Upper Dublin, PA with her husband, Wes, and their son, James. She enjoys mentoring, judging science fairs and serving on the Upper Dublin Library Board.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS

Monday, PM

ACS Distinguished Scientists Symposium 4:45 ‐ 6:00

Del lago 1 ‐2

Sponsored by American Chemical Society

Dr. Ken Olden Chief of the Metastasis Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC

Kenneth Olden, Ph.D., Sc.D., L.H.D., is the most recent past Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He held these positions from 1991 to 2005. He was the first African‐American to become Director of one of the 18 institutes in the history of the agency. He has returned full time to his research position as Chief of the Metastasis Section, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis at the NIEHS, which he also held while director. He is presently the Yerby Visiting Professor at the Harvard School of Public Health.

Dr. Olden received his Ph.D. degree in Cell Biology/Biochemistry from Temple University. He is the recipient of several honorary degrees; namely, Sc.D. degrees from Metropolitan University, San Juan, Puerto Rico, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; the University of Rochester; and an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Tulane University. He also holds an honorary L.H.D. from the college of Charleston. After completing his Ph.D. degree, he was a Research Fellow and Instructor of Physiology at Harvard University (1970‐1974), a Senior Staff Fellow and then a Research Biologist at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (1974‐1979), Associate Director for Research, Howard University Cancer Center, and Associate Professor of Oncology, Howard University Medical School, Washington, DC (1979‐1982), Professor of Oncology and Deputy Director Howard University Cancer Center (1982‐1985) and Director (1985‐1991), and Professor and Chair of the Department of Oncology (1985‐1991).

His honors and awards are too numerous to detail, but among them are: the Toxicology Forum’s Distinguished Fellow Award, the Presidential Distinguished Executive Rank Award and the Presidential Meritorious Executive Rank Award by former President Clinton for sustained extraordinary accomplishments, the HHS Secretary’s Distinguished Service Award, and the American College of Toxicology’s First Distinguished Service Award. He was unique among Institute Directors in that he was awarded three of the most prestigious awards in Public Health: The Calver Award (2002), the Sedgwick Medal (2004), the Julius B. Richmond Award (2005), the National Minority Health Leadership Award (2005), and an invited participant in the International Conference on “Disaster Prevention and Mitigation” sponsored by the Harvard School of Public Health.. He was elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, in 1994. He is on the editorial board of numerous journals, serving in most instances as Associate 70

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Editor. He has been cited in Current Contents, Life Sciences for having published two of the 100 most‐cited papers in 1978‐79, one of which was subsequently designated as a “citation classic.”

Over 28 visiting fellows or post‐docs have trained in his laboratory, and he has published over 125 manuscripts in peer‐reviewed journals. In addition, Dr. Olden has published more than 45 review articles and book chapters.

He has chaired/co‐chaired numerous national/international meetings, and has been an invited speaker, keynote speaker at over 150 symposia seminars, etc.

Since resigning as Director of NIEHS/NTP in 2005, Dr. Olden has been very active as an advisor to non‐profit foundations. These include the following: • Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research • Avon Breast Cancer Foundation • Institute for Public Health and Water Research (IPWR) • Scientific and Medical Accountability Standards Working Group, California Stem Cell Initiative • Society of Toxicology, Science Strategy Committee • The Constella Group Scientific Advisory Board

Tuesday, AM

NASA Astrobiology Workshop

8:00 AM ‐ 9:00 AM Del Lago 3

“Educational and Research Opportunities in Astrobiology”

Todd Gary, PhD Co‐Director Minority Institute Astrobiology Collaborative

Dr. Todd Gary is the Director of the Institute for Understanding Biological Systems at Tennessee State University and Co‐director of the Minority Institution Astrobiology Collaboratory (MIAC).

His training as a scientist includes a bachelor’s degree in biology and chemistry from Point Loma College, a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from Vanderbilt University, a research fellowship in medicine, and a NASA faculty sabbatical in Astrobiology at UCLA. He is involved in research and education in aerospace, astrobiology, and biotechnology and works to increase the visibility and participation of underrepresented students and scientists entering these emerging fields. Dr. Gary also helps manage the NAI‐MIRS (NASA Astrobiology Institute Minority Institute Research Support) Program.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS

Benita Bell, PhD Co‐Director Minority Institute Astrobiology Collaborative

Dr. Bell received her doctoral degree in nutrition and chemistry from Howard University. Her bachelors and masters degrees are also in chemistry from UNC Chapel Hill and North Carolina A&T State University. Dr. Bell has taught chemistry at Howard University, North Carolina Central University and Bennett College where she was an Associate Professor of Chemistry and the Director of the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Program. Dr. Bell was awarded a NASA Administrator’s Fellowship position where she served as a NASA Fellow in the Office of Biological and Physical Research at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. There she developed a clinical research study on soy isoflavones and their role in immunity and heart disease.

Dr. Bell has also has corporate experience working with Johnson and Johnson and Smithkline. She is currently working at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Astrobiology and is the Co‐director of MIAC. Her passion lies in science education, astrobiology and environmental health issues.

Tuesday, AM

Forensic Workshop 10:00 ‐ 11:30 AM ʺDisciplines of Forensic Chemistryʺ

Del Lago 1‐2

Moderator: Kiana Hamlett, Forensic Chemist, DEA South Central Laboratory Deborah Allen (Panelist) Ms. Deborah Allen is a Supervisory Forensic Chemist at the Drug Enforcement Administrationʹs Mid‐Atlantic Laboratory, located in Largo, MD. Ms. Allen began her career as a Forensic Chemist for the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1998, at the Mid‐Atlantic Laboratory. After five years as a bench chemist, Ms. Allen became a supervisory chemist. Prior to working for the Drug Enforcement Administration, Ms. Allen was a forensic chemist for the Prince Georgeʹs Count Police Department. She holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Chemistry from Virginia Union University and a Masters of Forensic Science Degree from George Washington University.

Denise Curry, M.P.A., J.D. (Panelist) Denise Curry serves as the Deputy Director for the Office of Diversion Control (OD) of the U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Ms. Curry is a native of Detroit, Michigan. She received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from Mercy College of Detroit (1974), a Master Degree in Public Administration from University of Detroit (l980) and a Juris Doctorate Degree from Whittier College School of Law (l991).

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS In May 1974, Ms. Curry joined DEA as a Diversion Investigator and began her career in the Detroit Field Division Office where she spent twelve years pursing numerous and often complex criminal and regulatory investigations into violations of the Controlled Substances Act.

In January l986, Ms. Curry was promoted to Diversion Group Supervisor in the Los Angeles Field Division Office where for six years, she directly supervised a staff of diversion investigators. She conducted a full‐range of registrant investigations, and targeted individuals and organizations involved in illegal trafficking of controlled substances.

In January 1992, Ms. Curry was appointed as a Staff Coordinator assigned to the Liaison Unit (ODLL) in the Liaison and Policy Section, Office of Diversion Control at DEA Headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. She provided consultation to the field division offices concerning interpretation of various statutes, regulations and policy and their impact on investigations; conducted liaison activities with representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, health care professionals, state and local authorities, foreign governments and other Federal agencies; and developed written policy and guidelines for implementation of diversion programs.

Beginning in October 1997, Ms. Curry was promoted to Chief of ODLL in the Liaison and Policy Section, Office of Diversion Control. In this capacity, Ms. Curry was responsible for the oversight, management and leadership of all ODLL activities. These activities could be characterized as providing public relations for OD. This function required extensive liaison with federal, state, local and foreign governments, the regulated industries and numerous interest groups. ODLL coordinated OD public speaking engagements and the publication of all manuals, guidance documents and other OD publications.

In July 2003, Ms. Curry was appointed as an Inspector for the Office of Inspection in DEA Headquarters. Ms. Curry served as the subject matter expert for OD in the Office of Inspection. She participated in the inspection of field and headquarters division offices to determine compliance with DEA and other applicable rules, regulations and policy.

In February 2004, Ms. Curry was promoted to Executive Assistant to the Deputy Assistant Administrator for the Office of Diversion Control. In this capacity, Ms. Curry worked closely with the Deputy Assistant Administrator and Section Chiefs to formulate, evaluate, and implement policy and procedures within OD. Ms. Curry also exercised staff supervision over sections and staff elements within OD. In February 2005, Ms. Curry was promoted to the position of Deputy Director for the Office of Diversion Control and is currently responsible for the oversight of the Office of Diversion Control’s program.

Adrian Hall, Forensic Scientist (Panelist) Mr. Adrian D. Hall is a native of Vicksburg, Mississippi. He is a 1995 graduate of Alcorn State University in Lorman, Mississippi and a 1998 graduate of North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina where he received a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Biology, respectively.

After graduating from North Carolina A&T State University, Mr. Hall taught biology and marine science in the Guilford County School System in Greensboro, NC. Upon his return to Mississippi in 1999, he began his 73

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS career as a Drug Case Coordinator and Forensic Scientist for the State of Mississippi in Gulfport, MS, and currently serves as a Forensic Chemist with the Mississippi Crime Laboratory in Jackson, MS, in the Controlled Substances Unit.

Hall has attended many specialized training seminars and workshops in various instrumentations including: Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Fourier Transform‐ Infrared Spectrophotometry, Clandestine Laboratory Analysis and Case Management, Courtroom Testimony Techniques, and has attended the DEA Forensic Chemist Seminar in Dulles, VA. Mr. Hall is active with Alcorn State University’s Annual Career Day Conference and he serves yearly as a judge for local and regional science fairs in Jackson, MS and at Jackson State University.

Currently, he also serves as a mentor in Advanced Seminar at Callaway High School in Jackson, MS for a young man interested in forensic science.

Mr. Hall has held memberships in numerous organizations including: Southern Association of Forensic Scientists, the Mississippi Division of International Association for Identification, Beta Beta Beta Honor Society, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Alcorn State University National Alumni Association, and the Boys and Girls Club of America. Mr. Hall is also a member of Greater Mt. Calvary Baptist Church in Jackson, MS.

DeMia Peters (Panelist) DeMia Peters is a Chemist with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the Office of Diversion Control. Ms. Peters earned her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Biological Sciences from Clark Atlanta University in 2001. After graduation, she was accepted in the Presidential Management Fellowship Program. This two‐year appointment allowed her to work in several different offices within DEA Headquarters and become familiar with the agency’s mission and goals. After successful completion of her fellowship, Ms. Peters became a Forensic Chemist at the DEA Special Testing and Research Laboratory assigned to the Cocaine Signature Program (CSP). Ms. Peters spent several years analyzing evidence and conducting various research projects for the CSP. In early 2006, Ms. Peters accepted a position with the Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section in the Office of Diversion Control. In her current position, Ms. Peters continues to use her scientific background and knowledge of drug laws by evaluating the control status of new and emerging drugs.

Rashida Weathers (Panelist) Rashida Weathers has been employed with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) since 1997. Ms. Weathers began her career as a Forensic Chemist at the DEA Southwest Laboratory, San Diego, CA where she analyzed controlled substances, assisted law enforcement in the seizure of clandestine laboratories, and testified as an expert witness in the field of drug analysis in several federal and state courts. In 2002, Ms. Weathers transferred to the DEA South Central Laboratory, Dallas, TX as a Supervisory Chemist.

While in Dallas, Ms. Weathers was responsible for overseeing evidence accountability within the laboratory. Since 2005, Ms. Weathers has been employed as a Program Manager with the DEA Office of Forensic Sciences, Arlington, VA. She is currently responsible for conducting inspections of DEA laboratories to ensure compliance with 74

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS applicable rules and regulations. In her previous assignment at DEA Headquarters, Ms. Weathers was responsible for coordinating the employment and background investigation process for new hires within the DEA Laboratory System.

Ms. Weathers earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PA in 1995. She earned a Master of Science degree in Chemistry in 1997 from Miami University, Oxford, OH.

NOBCChE Health Symposium

Tuesday, PM

1:00 – 3:00 PM

Del Lago 3‐4

Sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company

Panelists

Monica L. Baskin, Ph.D., Monica L. Baskin, Ph.D., holds a bachelorʹs of science degree in Psychology and Sociology from Emory University and a doctorate in Counseling Psychology from Georgia State University. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Behavior in the UAB School of Public Health (primary appointment) and the Department of Nutrition Sciences in the UAB School of Health Professions (secondary appointment). She is also Associate Scientist for the UAB Clinical Nutrition Research Center (CNRC), UAB Minority Health and Research Center (MHRC), and the UAB Center for Health Promotion (CHP). Dr. Baskin is an affiliate member of the African‐American Collaborative Obesity Research Network (AACORN), a national research group of investigators with social and cultural grounding in African American life experiences and obesity‐related expertise. Dr. Baskin currently serves as Principal Investigator on 3 investigator awards: (1) a school‐based nutrition and physical activity intervention with African American 7th and 8th grade students, (2) a primary care based nutrition and physical activity intervention for African American 3‐6 year olds, and (3) a measurement development study designed to produce valid and reliable measures of economic factors associated with purchasing and consuming fruits and vegetables among families with young children. She previously served as Co‐PI on a NHLBI‐funded study to prevent obesity among African American female adolescents (12‐16 years). In addition, she recently concluded a pilot nutrition and physical activity intervention study with overweight African American girls (8‐ 10 years) and their mothers. Dr. Baskin is a licensed psychologist and is skilled in designing, implementing and evaluating culturally‐appropriate interventions. She has published in the areas of obesity, culturally competent interventions, health promotion programs in Black churches, and motivational interviewing (MI).

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Keith Kim, MD

Dr. Keith Kim attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a John Motley Morehead scholar where he received his undergraduate degree in chemistry. He received his medical degree with honors from the University of North Carolina School of medicine, where he served on the admissions board and was honored as an Alumni Loyalty Merit Scholar. He remained in Chapel Hill where he completed his general surgery residency. Prior to his current position, Dr. Kim was in private practice on the gulf coast of Mississippi where he started a bariatric practice for his group and served as the medical director of trauma, medical director of bariatric surgery and co‐director of the intensive care units for his hospital.

Currently, Dr. Kim is the medical director of the Bariatric Program at Celebration Health and devotes his practice entirely to bariatric surgery. He serves as a faculty and consultant for Ethicon Endosurgery as well as Allergan, and is on the editorial board of WLS Lifestyles magazine. He has experience in performing the gastric bypass, adjustable gastric band and the duodenal switch procedures laparoscopically.

Joseph Nadglowski, Jr. – President/Chief Executive Officer

Joe Nadglowski is President & CEO of the Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) – a non‐profit patient organization formed in 2005 dedicated to elevating and empowering those affected by obesity through education, advocacy and support. A frequent speaker and author, Mr. Nadglowski has more than 14 years of experience working in patient advocacy and education and is a graduate of the University of Florida. In addition, Joe was recently named Executive Director of the ASBS Foundation, through a newly formed partnership between the OAC and the Foundation.

Through this partnership, the OAC and ASBS Foundation aim to increase awareness and education on obesity and its treatments by bringing National attention to the cause through the annual “Walk from Obesity.”

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS

Wednesday, AM

Percy L. Julian Lecture 10:30 ‐ 11:45 AM

Cordova 2

Dr. Kenneth R. Carter Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts – Amherst Amherst, MA

Dr. Kenneth Carter is an Associate Professor in the Polymer Science and Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts – Amherst. He joined the UMass faculty in 2004 after close to 20 years experience in polymer research including 13 years at IBM’s Almaden Research Center in San Jose, CA. In 1985, he earned his B.S. in Chemistry from the State University of New York at Oneonta. He received his Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry from the University of Vermont in 1991, and he went to the IBM Research Division upon graduation.

Dr. Carter’s research interests involve the synthesis and characterization of novel polymeric materials with specially designed properties. Carter’s research has focused on the development of organic and hybrid materials for future use in advanced electronics and storage technologies. These have included polymer dielectrics, electronic packaging materials, specialty printer toners, organic display materials, advanced magnetic media and pattering of nanostructured materials for advanced applications. Dr. Carter has numerous publications (109) and patents (24) in these areas.

The materials and processes invented have been integrated into manufacturing environments in conjunction with workers in IBM’s development and manufacturing divisions. Dr. Carter took a one‐year (1998‐99) internal assignment to IBM Laboratory Senior Technical Staff, a position with the responsibility of lab‐wide research strategy and planning. Dr. Carter has served as Chair of the ACS Division of Polymer Chemistry (2000‐2004) and used the position to strengthen ties to NOBCChE including assistance with organizing and instructing at the NOBCChE Science Academy for Young Students program at Cal State ‐ Hayward. He serves on the editorial advisory board of the ACS journal Chemistry of Materials. Prior to moving to academia, he worked in a collaborative fashion with researchers in academia including the coordination of projects that were either fully or partly funded by government‐awarded contracts. Project‐level management skills include the supervision of other scientists ranging from technicians to Ph.D. level scientists.

Since joining the faculty at UMass, Ken was a co‐leader in the establishment of the University of Massachusetts Nanoimprint Lithography Laboratory and is a Test Bed Project coordinator for the new NSF ‐ funded NSEC – Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing at UMass. He is currently the Associate Director for Research of the UMass Materials Research Science & Engineering Center on Polymers (MRSEC). His teaching interests include graduate‐level courses in polymer synthesis and special topics courses in polymers for lithography, conducting / semiconducting polymers, polymer surface modification and photopolymerization.

Ken and his wife Kim live in the town of Hadley in Western Massachusetts and enjoy travel and have been fortunate enough to visit some interesting spots around the globe during various international conferences and events. Ken still enjoys hamming it up playing bass and writing music in his spare time.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS

Wednesday Noon

Percy L. Julian Luncheon 12:00 – 1:15 PM

Ritz Carlton/Tuscany Salon A‐D

Dr. Stephen C. McGuire, Chair, Department of Physics Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge, LA

A native of New Orleans, Dr. Stephen C. McGuire is Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics at Southern University and A&M College in Baton Rouge, LA. He holds joint appointments with the California Institute of Technology and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. Dr. McGuire earned his B.S. in physics with high honors from Southern University and A&M College with a minor in mathematics, his M.S. in nuclear physics from the University of Rochester and Ph.D. from Cornell University. Early in his career he was a member of the technical staff of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and later the faculty of Alabama A&M University. Prior to joining the Southern University faculty he was an associate professor of nuclear science and engineering at Cornell.

His distinctions include having been a four‐year Southern University Academic Scholarship recipient in Physics, a Crown Zellerbach Foundation Fellow in Physics at The University of California, Los Angeles, a John McMullen Graduate Fellow in Nuclear Science at Cornell University, a NASA Summer Fellow at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and a recipient of NASA’s Office of Technology Utilization Research Citation for his work in high energy cosmic‐ ray physics. He is an active member of several scientific organizations and is a Charter Fellow and Past‐President of the National Society of Black Physicists. In 1997 he was named Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Visiting Scientist in Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University. He was recently appointed to the External Advisory Committee of the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center. Over his career he has published extensively in experimental nuclear physics and its applications, and has over twenty‐five years of teaching experience in physics and engineering in higher education.

Dr. McGuire is the Principal Investigator and Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF)‐ funded project, “Materials Science, Astronomy and Educational Outreach.” The project is a collaboration between Southern University at Baton Rouge (SUBR) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐Wave Observatory (LIGO). He is a member of the Optics Working Group of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and also serves on the Executive Committee of the LIGO Science Education Center (SEC) Project. The LIGO SEC Project is an NSF‐funded educational outreach partnership between Southern University, The Louisiana Board of Regents, the San Francisco Exploratorium and the California Institute of Technology.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS He is married to Saundra Yancy McGuire, Ph.D., and they are the parents of two daughters, Stephanie N. McGuire, Ph.D., of New York City and Carla McGuire Davis, MD, of Houston, Texas, and they have three grandchildren.

Wednesday, PM

GEM Workshop 4:30 – 5:30 PM ʺ Graduate School 101ʺ

Amarante 2

Marcus Huggans, Ph.D.,

Senior Recruiter and Programs Specialist The National GEM Consortium Notre Dame, IN

Marcus Huggans, Ph.D., is a native of St. Louis, Missouri. Marcus completed his engineering studies at the University of Missouri‐Rolla. He received a BS degree in Electrical Engineering in 1996, an MS in Engineering Management in 1997, and a Ph.D. in Engineering Management in 1998.

He was one of the first African‐American males to earn a Ph.D. in this discipline from the University. For his Ph. D. dissertation, Huggans conducted a study to determine if different Internet‐based study aids helped students of different learning styles under the advisors Dr. Halvard E. Nystrom and Dr. Harvest L. Collier. The title of his dissertation was “The Impact of Learning Styles Using Web‐based Asynchronous Distance Learning to Enhance Instruction by Electrical Engineering Students.” His findings indicate that not everyone thinks and learns in the same way and being aware of the variations in learning styles can help professors improve their teaching environment and students test scores. Marcus conducted his research as a GEM fellow through the National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Engineering and Science Inc, sponsored by Texas Instruments.

Dr. Huggans has had a variety of job opportunities. He has worked for 3M Company, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Department of Justice‐Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Texas Instruments Inc (TI). He began his professional career at TI in 1996 as an intern in the Digital Light Processing Group where he was a software engineer. Marcus developed C algorithms to test the color integrity of DMD projectors to enable them to handle hue transitions. In December of 1998, Marcus joined TI full‐time as a member of the Technical Sales Associate program. He has worked in Technical Training Organization (TTO) developing technical workshops for Digital Signal Processors (DSP) customer and catalog products. He has also worked as a Technical Information Specialist in the Product Information Center (PIC) supporting customers worldwide.

Dr. Huggans transitioned from Technical Sales to Strategic Marketing/New Product Development for the PanelBus Division in May 2000 where he helped evaluate and influence TI’s next generation features that will power display technologies like HDTVʹs, LCD Monitors, and Digital CRTs. Finally at TI, he worked in an applications engineering role for four years evaluating consumer electronics and multi‐media IEEE 1394 products and supporting US and international customers.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Dr. Huggans ran his own real estate company while teaching Marketing, Management, and Mathematics at the University of Phoenix. Dr. Huggans also worked at the University of Missouri‐ Rolla (UMR) as the Director of the Student Diversity and Academic Support Program. Under his leadership, UMR has experienced unprecedented growth in the recruitment of under‐represented minorities students in the areas of science and engineering. Currently, he works for the National GEM Consortium (GEM) under the direction of Ms. Michele Lezama. At GEM, Dr. Huggans recruits and conducts programming to encourage under‐represented minority students to pursue their graduate degrees in science, technology, engineering, and applied mathematics (STEM) fields.

Currently, Dr. Huggans resides in Dallas, TX where he is happily married to his lovely wife Melanie, and he is a proud father of his daughter Hannah and son Ellis. In his spare time, he enjoys attending church, working with elementary, high school, and college students, and studying various investment vehicles. He also enjoys real estate investing, stocks and options, and entrepreneurship. Dr. Huggans believes that all individuals need to take control of their financial future. It is not the vehicle that will make you financially independent; it is the dedication to it.

Wednesday, PM

Dolphus E. Milligan Symposium 5:00 ‐ 6:30 PM

Salon H

Dr. William Jeffrey Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Gaithersburg, MD

Dr. William Jeffrey is the 13th Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), sworn into the office on July 26, 2005. He was nominated by President Bush on May 25, 2005, and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 22, 2005.

As director of NIST, Dr. Jeffrey oversees an array of programs that promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life. Operating in fiscal year 2006 on a budget of about $930 million, NIST is headquartered in Gaithersburg, Md., with additional laboratories in Boulder, Colo. An agency of the U.S. Commerce Departmentʹs Technology Administration, NIST has extensive cooperative research programs with industry, academia, and other government agencies.

Dr. Jeffrey has been involved in federal science and technology programs and policy since 1988.

Previous to his appointment to NIST he served as senior director for homeland and national security and the assistant director for space and aeronautics at the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) within the Executive Office of the President. Earlier, he was the deputy director for 80

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS the Advanced Technology Office and chief scientist for the Tactical Technology Office with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Prior to joining DARPA, Dr. Jeffrey was the assistant deputy for technology at the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office, where he supervised sensor development for the Predator and Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. He also spent several years working at the Institute for Defense Analyses performing technical analyses in support of the Department of Defense.

Dr. Jeffrey received his Ph.D. in astronomy from Harvard University and his B.Sc. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Professional Development Workshop

Thursday, AM 10:30 AM – 12:00 Noon “Managing Technical Professionals”

Deborah Allen (Panelist) Ms. Deborah Allen is a Supervisory Forensic Chemist at the Drug Enforcement Administrationʹs Mid‐Atlantic Laboratory, located in Largo, MD. Ms. Allen began her career as a Forensic Chemist for the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1998, at the Mid‐Atlantic Laboratory. After five years as a bench chemist, Ms. Allen became a supervisory chemist. Prior to working for the Drug Enforcement Administration, Ms. Allen was a forensic chemist for the Prince Georgeʹs County Police Department. She holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Chemistry from Virginia Union University and a Masters of Forensic Science Degree from George Washington University.

Steven Carter (Panelist) Steven Carter is currently a group supervisor for the Drug Enforcement Administrations (DEA) Digital Evidence Laboratory. He has been working in the DEA’s Digital Evidence Laboratory since 1997. At the Digital Evidence Laboratory they analyze all digital evidence which includes computers, cell phones, laptops, PDAs, CDs, DVDs, floppy diskettes, tapes, GPS, and satellite phones.

April Idleburg (Panelist) April Idlebugy is a Supervisory Forensic Chemist at the Drug Enforcement Administrationʹs South Central Laboratory, located in Dallas, TX.

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CONFERENCE SPEAKERS

American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Workshop 1:00 – 2:30 PM

Mediterranean Salon 1

Mr. Tim Turner ASEEʹs Program Director NSFʹs Graduate Research Fellowship Program Washington, DC

Mr. Tim Turner has been managing federally‐funded programs for the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) since 1986. In 2004, ASEE was awarded the contract to provide administrative support of the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program, and Mr. Turner was promoted to Program Director for ASEE’s GRF Operations Center.

He provides management and oversight of all promotion and outreach activities, application processing support, and evaluation review activities. Previously he has managed ASEE fellowship programs that support graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and summer faculty participants sponsored by the Department of Defense (DOD), NASA, and the Department of Energy (DOE). Mr. Turner holds a bachelor’s degree in business administration from the California State University, Long Beach and a bachelor’s of landscape architecture from the University of Maryland.

Financial Workshop

Thursday, PM 2:30 ‐ 4:00 PM Mediterranean Salon 2 “Estate Planning – Now That You Got It, How Do You Keep It” Presenter Mr. Derry Haywood II, The Pennisula Group Mr. Derry L. Haywood, II is the founder of The Peninsula Financial Group Inc. Launched in 1995 it is a leader in the financial services arena. Under Mr. Haywoodʹs direction The Peninsula Financial Group has received numerous awards for excellence within its industry. The Peninsula Financial Group currently serves many customers in 7 states from its offices in Newport News, VA. Mr. Haywood is called upon often to speak to various groups and organization regarding financial issues.

Mr. Haywood is a native of Baltimore Maryland where he received his initial education. He is currently enrolled and pursuing his degree as a Certified Financial Planner from The American College in Bryn Mawr, PA. Mr. Haywood is a successful graduate of the Dale Carnegie course for Human Relations and Public Speaking.

Since 2000, Mr. Haywood also has been a Principal in Capstone Financial Services, LLC, and from 1987 to 1995, he was a Partner in the Spence Financial Group.

He is very active in community affairs including serving at Virginia International Terminals as a Board member, past President of the Board, Member Audit Committee, and Chairmen of the 82

CONFERENCE SPEAKERS Employee Benefits Committee which is responsible for policy and legislative affairs that affect the port facilities. In addition, at Virginia Peninsula United Way, he is a current board member, past Chairman of the Executive Board, past vice President of Administration (responsible for all internal functions including strategic Planning and financial decision‐making), a member of the Governance Committee (responsible for board selection, and preparation of the organizations By‐Laws), and a member of the Finance Committee, which oversees a $7.0 Million budget and $1.5 Million Endowment Fund. At the Virginia Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation, he serves as Vice Chair of the Development Committee. At the Food Bank of the Peninsula, he serves on the Executive Board as Chairman of Development which is responsible for the $.5 Million Capital Campaign Fund. On the City of Portsmouth’s Planning Commission, he was the Past Vice President (responsible for setting zoning criteria for the city). On the Virginia Peninsula Chamber of Commerce, he is Chairman of the Sea Fest.

Mr. Haywood is also very active in his church, Gethsemane Baptist Church Newport News, VA.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Monday, PM

Technical Session 1 1:30 ‐ 3:00 Analytical and Atmospheric Chemistry

Session Chair

Cordova 2

Vernon R. Morris Department of Chemistry, Howard University Presenters

“Comparisons Of Surface Level Aerosol And Ozone Observations 1:30‐1:50 With Ozonesonde Profiles Within Saharan Dust And Biomass Burning Plumes” Vernon R. Morris*a,b, Michelle D. Hawkinsa, Lizette Roldanc, Nick Nallid, Everette Josepha,e aGraduate Program in Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University bDepartment of Chemistry, Howard University Nuclear Reguatory Commission, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania dQSS Group, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD eDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University

Abstract

The trans‐Atlantic Aerosol and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE) are a series of intensive field experiments conducted aboard the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown during the northern hemisphere spring and summer. The ongoing AEROSE mission focuses on providing a set of critical measurements that characterize the impacts and microphysical evolution of aerosols from the African continent during their transport across the Atlantic Ocean. The three central scientific questions that guide the missions are: (1) What is the extent of change in the mineral dust and smoke aerosol distributions as they evolve physically and chemically during trans‐Atlantic transport? (2) How do Saharan and sub‐ Saharan aerosols affect the regional atmosphere and ocean during trans‐Atlantic transport? 3) What is the capability of satellite remote sensing and numerical models for resolving and studying the above processes? A comprehensive suite of aerosol measurements and size‐segregated sampling is performed during each cruise to characterize the evolution of the mineral dust mass distribution with respect to number density, chemical composition, and biological content. This paper will focus primarily on data obtained from the recent AMMA‐AEROSE‐II cruise conducted during May–July 2006.

Several recent studies have suggested that the presence of Saharan dust can have both positive and negative influences on atmospheric ozone concentrations. Characterization of ozone variability in the tropical marine environment can aid in validating and improving photochemical and chemical transport models, and provide insight into changes in the oxidizing and photochemical properties of the maritime atmosphere. During AEROSE‐II, twenty ozonesondes were launched along 23°W in order to characterize the vertical 84

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS structure of ozone during summertime dust episodes. Satellite imagery and data analysis show that the AEROSE team was able to characterize multiple dust intrusions during both the Spring and Summer seasons. Analyses of aerosol mass density, element composition, and black carbon data sets reveal at least four distinct air mass regimes: background marine boundary layer, African dust, biomass smoke, and mixed African dust and biomass burning. AEROSE‐II encountered less intense dust plumes but significantly more intense biomass burning plumes than AEROSE‐I. A comparison of ozone datasets from both cruises and an analysis of the ozonesonde results will be presented.

“Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) of Quorum‐ 1:50‐2:05 sensing Inhibitors as a Novel Approach for Controlling Microorganisms” Brooke B. Woodard* and Mahmoud A. Saleh

Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX 77004

Abstract

Quorum‐sensing molecules are essential for bacterial and fungal biofilm formation.

Biofilms are specific and organized communities of microorganisms initiated by quorum‐ sensing molecules. Bacteria and fungi pose direct threats to human health and affect various materials presenting an urgent need to control them. Farnesol, a sesquiterpene, was found to mimic the quorum signaling mechanism in fungi; therefore, a group of farnesol analogs were selected from the literature and subjected to a series of structural analyses including both Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA), two separate but complimentary approaches to QSAR. This provided significant insight into the specific structural requirements for quorum‐sensing activity revealing the role that steric and electrostatic effects play on the activity of a chemical. A group of 30 analogs of N‐(3‐ Oxododecanoyl)‐L‐homoserine lactone, the quorum‐sensing molecule in gram negative bacteria, were selected to conduct analyses for structural requirements for increased activity. The results of this study will be presented at the meeting.

This work was funded by RCMI Grant # R003045‐17 and NASA/TSU‐URC Grant # NCC165‐9.

Break 2: 05 – 2:10

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

2:10‐2:30

“Potential Dependent Control of Oligo (Ethylene Oxide) Thiol Assembly on Au Substrates” Marlon L. Walker1, David J. Vanderah2, and Kenneth A. Rubinson3

Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 2Biochemical Sciences Division, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 48202 and NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), Gaithersburg, MD 20899 1

Abstract

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) offer a powerful method for modifying the properties of substrate surfaces such as Au. Recent studies involving thiol‐terminated SAMs containing ethylene oxide segments have demonstrated resistance of these SAM‐covered surfaces to protein adsorption. Maximal resistance to protein adsorption was determined to be at coverages of between 50%‐60%. Preparation of such surfaces is problematic, however, based on the rapid assembly time of these SAMs from even dilute solutions in water or ethanol. In this study we research the possibility of the construction of protein‐ resistant surfaces at 50%‐60% coverage of the SAM by using potential to control the degree of assembly.

“Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation within Liposomal Bilayers: Correlation 2:30‐2:45 Between Location and Degradation” Chanel A. Fortier and Matthew A. Tarr University of New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70148

Abstract

With the growing evidence that hydroxyl 1 radicals play a role in the onset of many 0.9 0.8 C10 neurodegenerative diseases through the 0.7 C6 0.6 initiation of lipid oxidation, more 0.5 information of the mechanism of these 0.4 0.3 processes is needed. The assumption that 0.2 the high reactivity and short lifetime of 0.1 0 hydroxyl radicals preclude these radicals 620 820 1020 1220 1420 from initiating oxidation of cellular lipids t i me, s has been presented, while others contend Degradation of near surface (C6) and deep (C10) probes that hydroxyl radicals formed exterior to at 23°C with aqueous generated hydroxyl radicals.

86

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS cellular lipids can in fact initiate lipid peroxidation. Liposomes fluorescently‐tagged with pyrenyl probes, (1‐hexadecanoyl‐2‐(1‐pyrenehexanoyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (C6) and 1‐hexadecanoyl‐2‐(1‐pyrenedecanoyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (C10) were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering. The penetration depth of hydroxyl radicals into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) membranes was studied.

Preliminary results illustrated below suggest that this approach can be used to study the degradation of a fluorescent probe by a reactive oxygen species at different microenvironments within a unilamellar liposomal bilayer at 23°C, the phase transition temperature of DMPC. Reactions of these probes with hydroxyl radicals were followed by monitoring the decrease in the fluorescence of the probe. Steady‐state hydroxyl radicals were generated in the surrounding aqueous media using Fenton chemistry with continuous addition of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of using a water‐soluble chelator, EDTA, was examined both above and below the phase transition temperature of the lipid.

The effect of varying the hydrogen peroxide concencentration was also assessed. Parallel studies using lipobeads are also being investigated.

“Predicting Trends in Ion Association” 2:45‐3:00 Patrice R. Fields* and Apryll M. Stalcup

Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221

Abstract

Previous work on butylimidazolium‐based liquid chromatographic stationary phase has shown that this phase has both phenyl‐like reversed phase and ion exchange character.

The physiochemical properties of ionic liquids, substances with melting points at or close to room temperature, can be dramatically altered by substituting different counter ions.

Similar to the butylimidazolium ligand, ionic liquids tend to be bulky nitrogen‐containing organic cations paired with an inorganic anion. Hence, our current interest with the stationary phase involves the function of the counter ions on the separations. The physiochemical properties of these phases can be altered by substituting different counter ions. We are investing ways to predict the strength of ion pair associations so that the counter can be exchanged off of the column without changing the synthesis process.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Monday, PM Session Chair

Technical Session 2 1:30 ‐ 3:20 Nanomaterials Sharon Kennedy Colgate‐Palmolive Company

Amarante 2

Presenters

“Photoactive Tio2 Modified With Monolayer‐Protected Gold Clusters”

Princess M. Cox* and Dongil Lee Western Michigan University, Chemistry Department, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Abstract

Energy and electron transfers between photoexcited semiconductor and metal are important phenomena in photocatalysts. TiO2 nanoparticles modified with precious metals have been extensively studied in photocatalytic water‐splitting and CO2 reduction. While the metal in contact with the semiconductor particle has been employed to enhance the overall photocatalytic activities, the interfacial electron and energy transfer processes are yet to be understood fully. We present here our recent progress in modifying photoactive TiO2 nanoparticle films with monolayer‐protected gold clusters (MPCs). Structurally and energetically well‐defined MPCs have been synthesized and size‐purified before they are functionalized with a bi‐functional linker for example, 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid, which binds to the gold particle surface on one end, and attaches to TiO2 through carboxylic acid linkage. Following UV excitation, the charge transfer and equilibration processes in the assembled TiO2‐MPC system have been studied. The effects of the linker chemistry and MPC core size on such processes will be discussed.

1:30‐1:50

2:10‐2:30

“Aqueous‐Phase Chemical Transformations of Sub 4 nm Metallic Nanoparticles” Ruel Freemantle and Sherine O. Obare*

Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Abstract

Nanoscale metallic nanoparticles in the 1‐4 nm size regime are of great interest due to their electronic, catalytic and in some cases, optical properties. Within this size regime, the electronic properties transition from a bulk‐like continuum of electronic states to molecule‐ like, discrete electronic orbital levels. A major challenge exists in the ability to produce 88

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS well defined and monodisperse metallic nanoparticles in the 1‐4 nm size range, where high surface‐to‐volume ratio and increase in surface atom distribution, greatly enhance the catalytic activity. Development of new synthetic approaches for high yield metallic 1‐4 nm clusters will provide access toward understanding their fundamental chemical and physical properties. Our group has developed new and novel organic ligands that when used as stabilizers for metal nanoclusters, provide the ability to gain control of the particle size. We have successfully developed new approaches toward monodisperse nickel and palladium nanoparticles in gram scale using one‐step procedures. These ligands demonstrate a particular mastery at consistently controlling particle size and monodispersity. We demonstrate nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and the use of these nanoparticles in aqueous‐phase catalysis.

Break 2: 30 – 2:40

“Functionalization of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes By Friedel‐ 2:40‐3:00 Crafts Acylation” Nydeia Wright Bolden*, Adriane Ludwick, Melissa S. Reeves Tuskegee University, Chemistry Dept., Tuskegee, AL, 36088

Abstract

The primary purpose in functionalizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for their use in polymer‐matrix composites is to increase the interfacial relationship between the matrix and the filler. The assumption has been made that if the modifying agent attached to the nanotubes is similar to the polymer matrix, the interfacial relationship will be enhanced.

The current, conventional method of covalently modifying carbon nanotubes is carboxylation by oxidation using sulfuric and nitric acid. Due to the harsh conditions of this treatment, an alternative method of functionalization by Friedel‐Crafts acylation to attach hexadecanoyl chloride (CH3C14H28COCl) was proposed for this project. Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) was refluxed for 48 hours, followed by rinsing of the CNTs with CH2Cl2, overnight drying, and centrifuging with ether. For comparison, a second technique was used in which the first 3 hours of the reflux was carried out under sonication, with the remainder of the procedure being the same. Solubility tests were conducted in distilled water, hexane, methylene chloride, and THF. To each of these solvents, the following CNTs were added at 0.5g/mL: modified CNTs conducted under reflux only (r‐CNT), modified CNTs with the additional sonication (s‐CNT), neat CNTs (n‐CNT), and unmodified CNTs prepared under reflux, with sonication, but without the addition of the acid chloride (u‐CNT). Upon initial shaking of the solutions, there were immediate visual differences in the response of the various forms of the NTs to the solvents. The modified CNTs (s‐ and r‐) had similar results, except for in hexane. However, none of the NTs had the same response to any single solvent over an extended period; the differences were in 89

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS the extent of solubility and/or rate of precipitation. In each of the solvents, the n‐CNTs temporarily formed stable solutions in which there was no clear, visible distinction between the solvent and the tubes. The n‐CNTs remained in solution for the least amount of time in the water, and the most in THF. In hexane, the r‐CNTs remain insoluble, whereas the u‐CNTs were insoluble in each of the solvents. Raman spectroscopy was done on the n‐, s‐, and r‐CNTs at λ = 488, 514, 633, and 830nm. In comparing the spectra for the n‐ and s‐CNTs, it was found that in most cases, there was change in height and/or width of the D, G, and G’ peaks of the s‐CNTS from that of n‐CNTS at each of the wavelengths. At 488nm, the D peak for s‐CNTS was higher and wider than the D peak for n‐CNT. Analogous differences were seen at 514, 633, and 830nm for r‐CNTs and n‐CNTs. Additional characterization by FTIR was attempted, but conclusive results could not be attained. PE/CNT composites will be studied by SEM and TEM. Complete characterization should indicate the success or failure of this method to modify CNTs.

“Using Quantum Dots As Biomarker In Plant And Animal Cells ‐ 3:00‐3:20 Optical Assay Of CDs Nanocrystal Uptake Into Algae” Dr. Carl E. Bonner*, Jennifer L. Lee Norfolk State University, Center for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA, 23504

Abstract The experiment consists of assembling CdS quantum dots and depositing the nanocrystal into algae. CdS is best used because of its colloidal semiconductor state, in which it has the ability to conquer obstacles that small organic molecules in specific fluorescent tagging applications may suggest. The CdS was carefully prepared, and will be incorporated into algae by Dr. Okpodu and co‐workers. CdS solutions consisted of highly concentrated solutions and diluted solutions. Absorption and emission were measured using all quantum dot (QD) samples. This process was performed with a path length of 1cm.

Emission spectra consistently peaked around 680 nm, while absorption peaked around 493nm. Results were also measured in emission vs. eV in which consistent peaks yielded around 2.4 eV.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Monday, PM

Session Chair

Technical Session 3

3:00‐4:40 Cordova 2 Modeling and Simulation Methods John Harkless Chemistry Department, Howard University

Presenters

“Time Dependent DFT Study on HOMO‐LUMO and Excitation Energies of Polythiophene” A. C. Sykes1, S. M. Black1, and S. Sun 1 Norfolk State University, Center for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA 23504 Abstract

Conjugated polymers have become more of an interest to scientists lately because of their narrow energy gaps, chemical stability, and high conductivity upon doping. These properties allow for possible transparency in the visible region of the spectrum as well as for potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Polythiophenes are of particular interest, and this paper reports results for 3‐alkoxythiophene oligomers studied by electronic structure methods to obtain equilibrium atomic geometry, and electron energy structure. The results provide initial understanding to model the properties with increase in chain length of the substituted polythiophene. Calculations of the optimal geometries of oligomers of up to five units were carried out using Jaguar 4.2 computational chemistry software. The gas phase structures were obtained using the density functional theory with the B3LYP exchange‐correlation functional, and 6‐31G* basis set. The optimized geometries were then input into the Gaussian® 03 computational software to obtain Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) excitation energies. TDDFT excitation energies, as well as B3LYP HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps were extrapolated to obtain the polymer’s excitation energy. The calculated values compare very favorably to experimental with results.

“Prediction Of Selected Excited States Of C2, N2 And O2 Using 3:15‐3:30 Quantum Monte Carlo Methods” Floyd A. Fayton Jr*, Ainsley A. Gibson, and John A.W. Harkless Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College St., NW, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) refers to a class of ab initio methods that use a stochastic simulation to solve the many‐body Schrödinger equation. QMC differs from post‐Hartree Fock methods in that it includes electron correlation explicitly. Diffusion Monte Carlo

3:00‐3:15

91

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS (DMC) and Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) are applied to elucidate the electronic structure of homonuclear diatomic species of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. The C2, N2, and O2 molecules all exhibit unique characteristics, such as low‐lying excited electronic states and symmetry constraints, which make the accurate description of their potential energy curves challenging. Ab initio techniques, including configuration interaction singles and doubles (CISD) and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) methods, are compared to experimental and QMC results.

“Ab Initio Treatment of Phosphoric Acid in the PCM: Challenges and 3:30‐3:45 Triumphs” Merle D. Zimmermann, John A. Tossell* University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College Park, MD 20910

Abstract

Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a well known polyprotic acid which has not yet been deeply studied with ab initio methods. Herein, we endeavor to reproduce the common experimental pKa values of its successive deprotonation through a series of Complete Basis Set Extrapolation (CBS‐QB3) calculations as implemented in the GAUSSIAN 03 computational chemistry system. Calculations are conducted with both a separately applied polarized continuum model (CPCM) with several basis sets (6‐31+G**, 6‐31G**, and 6‐31G), and with the polarizable continuum used concurrent to the CBS‐QB3 calculation. Difficulties which presented themselves during our use of CBS‐QB3 are outlined as well as possible solutions. A comparison between the experimental values available in the literature and our theoretical results will be presented; while the calculation of the first dissociation proceeded reasonably via the former approach (calculated pKa1 = 6.55 / experimental pKa1 = 2.15), further calculated acid constants were further from the measured values (calc. pKa2 = 21.45 / expt. pKa2 = 7.2, and calc. pKa3 = 17.95 / expt. pKa3=12.38).

This work was supported by NSF Grant EAR0539109 and DOE Grant DE‐FG02‐94ER14467.

3:45‐3:50

Break

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Theorectical Investigation of Ligand Interaction in Ni‐ Organometallic Compounds” Michael A. Cato*, Hrant P. Hratchian1, H. Bernhard Schlegel, John Montgomery2

1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202

Abstract

In previous work, the selective couplings between Ni and main‐group organometallic complexes were investigated for a three component addition reaction. (H. P. Hratchian, et al. J. Organomet. Chem. 2004, 23, 4636). A metallacycle based mechanism was elucidated for this family of reactions. The nature of the C=O moiety bonding with ethylene diamine, dimethyl zinc and aluminum ligands in this mechanism have been explored. The binding energy and orbital interactions between the ligands and nickel have been examined.

Density functional calculations were used employing the B3LYP hybrid functional.

Energetics for selected reactions are also presented.

3:50‐4:05

Reaction scheme and structure shown for trimethylaluminum ligand

93

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Quantum Monte Carlo Studies on the First Row Transition Metals” 4:05‐4:20 Ainsley A. Gibson1*, Floyd A. Fayton1, William A. Hercules2 and John A. W. Harkless1 1Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059 2Howard University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

Quantum Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate electronic structure properties of the first row transition metals Sc‐Cu. Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and fixed‐node diffusion Monte Carlo (FNDMC) methods are used in this investigation to calculate the electronic energies of the ions, hydrides, and neutral species of Sc‐Cu. An effective core potential is used to reduce the computational effort of this study. From this investigation we have been able to calculate properties such as the ionization potentials, electron affinities and proton affinities for each metal. The results of the Monte Carlo calculations as well as results obtained from other ab initio [HF, CCSD, CCSD (T), CISD, MP2, and MP4] and DFT‐B3LYP calculations are presented. It is found that incorporation of explicit electron‐ electron correlation as in Monte Carlo calculations allows achievement of high levels of accuracy. Simultaneously, the ability to systematically improve the results is retained.

Theoretical results are compared with experimental data where available.

Monday, PM Session Chair

3:30‐3:50

Technical Session 4

3:30‐5:00 Amarante 2 Polymer Materials Chemistry Gloria Thomas Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University

Presenters

“Polymers Made From Renewable Resources: Polyurethanes Based On Oleochemical Diols” George H. Armstrong*, Anna‐Gay Nelson Tougaloo College, Chemistry Department, Tougaloo, MS 39260

Abstract

Several polyurethanes were synthesized with two very different soft segment contents.

One soft segment was a large molecular weight oleodiol (Pripol 2033,) and the other was a polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) diol. Polyurethanes were synthesized with varying hard segment/soft segment contents from the reaction of MDI, soft segments and butanediol. Polyurethanes with the high soft segment contents gave more flexible polymers than those with the low soft segment contents. Polyurethanes synthesized with polyTHF diol gave better physical properties than those made with Pripol 2033. The polyTHF polyurethanes were more flexible and durable than those made with Pripol.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS This result can be due to the fact that Pripol 2033 has long bulky hydrocarbon sidechains and polyTHF diol did not. Polyurethanes prepared with polyTHF absorb more water than those prepared with Pripol 2033. The isocyanate group has a very strong IR absorption peak between 2000‐ 2500 cm‐1 not present in the absorption spectra of the polyurethanes which provides a useful method for characterizing polyurethanes.

“New Synthetic Approaches for Regioregular Polythiophene Block 3:50‐4:10 Copolymers” Michael Mitchell and Malika Jeffries‐EL* Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011

Abstract Conjugated polymers are unique electroactive materials that are finding use in a variety of applications such as transistors, photovoltaics and light emitting diodes. In all instances the optimization of the performance of the polymer in the device is dependant on the ability to control the nanoscale morphology of the polymer. One approach is to use block copolymers which contain a conjugated polymer and a non‐conjugated block. Due to the differences in the stiffness of the two materials, the polymers will phase segregate. The covalent bond between the chains prevents total segregation, resulting in the formation of nanoscale regimes. Varying the length of the respective blocks can control the nanoscale morphology. To date, reports of such systems have been limited in number due to the difficulty associated in their synthesis. We are interested in developing new approaches toward the synthesis of regioregular polythiophene block copolymers. Our approach utilizes end‐functionalized polythiophenes and the Husigen 3 +2 cycloaddition to attach the non‐conjugated block. This method is attractive as it will allow for the blocks to be synthesized independent of each other, resulting in low polydispersity.

R H n

H

R

Br

N

+

S

H n

S

N N

H m

1

Rod-Coil Block copolymer

2

4:10‐4:20

Break

95

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Microfabrication of Polymeric Microfluidic Devices for Bioanalytical Applications” Gloria Thomas and Emad El‐Giar Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39759

Abstract

4:40‐4:40

Hot embossing is the most commonly used technique to replicate micro‐ and nanostructures in thermoplastic polymer materials and elastomers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly carbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), silicon resin, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This low cost method permits mass production of micro‐ fluidic and micro‐optical devices with high aspect ratios (>10). In this presentation, the optimization of the hot embossing process (e.g., platen temperatures, applied force, dwell time, etc.) with respect to surface and optical characteristics will be discussed, including optical microscopy, 2‐D interferometry (optical surface profilometry), and SEM measurements. Examples of microfabricated device use in bioanalytical applications will also be presented.

“Hydrogels based on N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide 4:40‐5:00 functionalized with Poly‐L‐Lysine” Tedric D. Campbell and Oliver Steinbock* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 323064390 Abstract

A particular group of hydrogels based on the monomer N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) has shown to be effective for implant materials. We present a novel technique to produce biocompatible poly‐HPMA hydrogels that contain highly ordered arrays of fluid filled channels. Moreover, we demonstrate the growth of neuronal processes on these substrates. The P‐HPMA hydrogel is functionalized by incorporating Poly‐L‐Lysine into the polymer matrix. Poly‐L‐Lysine, a highly positively charged amino acid chain, is commonly used as a coating agent to promote cell adhesion in culture. Poly‐L‐Lysine iswill be used as a subbing solution in the biocompatible scaffolds that will serve as a host for mammalian olfactory bulb neurons.

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Tuesday, AM Session Chair

9:00‐9:30

Technical Session 5

9:00‐12:00 N Cordova 2 Chemical Education Sibrina Collins Graduate School, University of Washington

Presenters

“Science On Saturday: Fostering A Love Of Science In K‐8 Students” Nichole L. Powell*, Gregory Pritchett, Barbara G. Rackley, Pamela M. Leggett‐Robinson, and Albert E. Russell Tuskegee University, Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee, AL 36088

Abstract

Science on Saturday (SOS) uses positive, hands‐on experiences to introduce science to K‐ 8 students and their parents. The program introduces grade level appropriate scientific knowledge to students with the primary aim of fostering a lifelong appreciation of chemistry and its relevance to everyday life. The FOSS K‐8 Scope of Science Modules serve as guides for curriculum design. Lessons are designed on a common theme and the associated activities increase in complexity to accommodate the learning capacity of each age group. We present the preliminary results of this program.

“Nanoscale Science: A Tool To Excite Middle School Students In 9:30‐10:00 Chemistry”

Sherine O. Obare* Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Abstract

Recent national surveys demonstrate that as students advance from elementary to high school, the general interest in science decreases. A common complaint from high school students is that science is ‘boring’, and from the teachers is that finding experiments to make science more ‘exciting’ is difficult. Substantial gains toward exciting students in chemistry can be made when K‐8 students are introduced to topics that are interesting and relevant to their own lives. Recognizing this need, we have established a program to educate and engage middle school students in original research. New projects in nanoscale science were designed in which middle school students fabricated and characterized metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, viewed the particles using scanning probe and electron microscopy, and investigated the use of the particles toward an important application. The ability of the nanoparticles to simultaneously detect and degrade common water pollutants was studied. Tremendous interest, inspiration and appreciation 97

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS toward chemistry were gained through the nanoscale science experience. A description of this new program will be described.

Discussion Break 10:00‐10:15

10:15‐10:45

“Chemical Biology For Preservice Chemistry And Biology Teachers” Josette C. Seibles Temple University, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, PA 19122

Abstract

Chemical Biology is a newly designed science education content course for graduate science education students. This course brings together ideas and approaches from both chemistry and biology that on the surface seem worlds apart. The tools of recombinant biotechnology now allow the ideas of chemistry—especially organic chemistry—to deeply permeate biology. The course emphasizes how the concepts and methods of chemistry are used to solve problems in molecular and cellular biology. The reciprocity of the ideas of chemistry and biology is a recurring theme throughout the course.

Numerous examples of how chemical problems can be influenced by concepts that originate in biology are also included. One of the goals of the course is to provide students with an in‐depth understanding of how living systems operate at the molecular level‐‐‐how the structure and function of genes and proteins in vitro, in vivo and in the living cell can be manipulated at the molecular level. This goal is accomplished through the study of inspiring and key experiments in the various areas of chemical biology.

Course assignments include the design of an original experiment in chemical biology and the creation of a powerpoint chemical biology science module, both for middle to secondary school students. The course prepares students to enrich the science content of their inquiry‐based lesson planning with topics from chemical biology and to include chemical biology experiments and demonstrations in hands‐on activities. Chemical Biology prepares preservice teachers to grasp the innumerable opportunities (teachable moments) they will have for making connections across these two highly diversified disciplines.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 10:45‐11:10

“Research Experiences For Undergraduates” 1Gloria Thomas, 2Graham Peaslee

NSF Chemistry REU Leadership Group, 1Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39759 2Chemistry Department, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423

Abstract

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program began in 1987 and is the largest direct support for undergraduate research opportunities in the country. This program supports active research participation by undergraduate students in any of the areas of research funded by the Foundation. REU projects involve students in meaningful ways in ongoing research programs or in research projects specially designed for the purpose.

“Interested In Graduate Study?

11:10‐11:45 Why not consider the University of Washington?”

Sibrina N. Collins, PhD1

1The University of Washington, The Graduate School, G‐1 Communications, Seattle, WA 98195

Abstract

The University of Washington (UW) is a world leader in graduate education, providing a supportive and exciting environment for students to pursue their dreams and gain graduate degrees. Attracting nearly a billion dollars annually in research funding, the UW is also a leader in interdisciplinary research. For example, seven major multi‐ disciplinary centers and programs have specific interests in diversity and illustrate the wide range of possibilities for graduate education and research. This presentation will provide a brief overview of exciting graduate opportunities at the UW!

99

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Tuesday, AM

Technical Session 6 9:00‐10:00 Organometallic/Heterocyclic Chemistry Birdella Kenney Johnson and Johnson, Inc.

Session Chair

9:00‐9:15

Amarante 2

Presenters

“Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation of Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds” Nicholas D. Ball, Kami L. Hull, Melanie S. Sanford* Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Abstract

The incorporation of carbon‐fluorine bonds in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals is becoming increasingly important due to their effect on reactivity, solubility, hydrophobicity and biological activity1. Current fluorination methods typically require harsh reagents such as HF and F2 and are often unselective and generally undesirable for late stage target molecules. Recently, we have reported ligand‐directed palladium‐ catalyzed functionalization of organic molecules using such oxidants as PhI(OAc)2, NBS, NCS and Ar2I+ to form C‐OAc, C‐Br, C‐Cl and C‐Ar bonds respectively. Previous attempts at Pd(0)/Pd(II) palladium mediated fluorination have found that reductive elimination from Pd(II) did not occuri. Akin to our previous workii, our strategy is to develop a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic system in which electrophilic fluorinating agents can create a Pd(IV) intermediate and allow for subsequent C‐F bond formation by reductive elimination. In this poster, we present recent developments in regioselective palladium‐catalyzed fluorination and trifluormethylation of benzylic and aromatic C‐H bondsiii. Optimized conditions for direct fluorination have shown microwave irradiation allows for faster reaction times than thermal conditions using N‐fluoropyridinium salts as an electrophilic fluorine source. Preliminary work in palladium‐catalyzed trifluormethylation shows the usage of hypervalent iodine (III) oxidants as a source of electrophillic CF3 to be promising.

Both transformations are proposed to go through the following mechanism: (i) ligand directed C‐H activation by PdII, (ii) oxidation of PdII to PdIV, and finally (iii) C‐F or C‐CF3 bond forming reductive elimination to yield the fluorinated compound (eq 1).

F C IV L Pd PdII

L

C H -H+ (i)

C II L Pd

ox-F or ox-CF3

or

(ii)

CF3 C IV L Pd

100

L

C F (1)

-

PdII (iii)

L

C CF3

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Shimizu, M.; Hiyama, T. Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 214‐231.

Grushin, V. V. Chem.–Eur. J. 2002, 8, 1006‐1014. iii Dick, A. R.; Hull , K. L.; Sanford, M. S.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2300‐2301. iv Hull, K. L.; Anani, W.Q.; Sanford, M.S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 7134‐7135 i

ii

9:15‐9:30

“Oxidative Addition Of Chlorine to a Platinum(II) Complex Using Electrophilic Organic Oxidants”

Salena R. Whitfield*, Jeff W. Kampf, Melanie S. Sanford

University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Abstract

Oxidation of [Pt(phpy)2] with chlorination oxidants, NCS and PhICl2, unexpectedly generated different products. Oxidation with NCS yielded an unsupported PtIII dimer, [Pt2Cl2(phpy)4] and cis and trans geometries of a PtIV complex, [PtCl2(phpy)2]. Oxidation with PhICl2 yielded only the PtIV complexes. Product distribution was modified with use of NCS to promote formation of either PtIII or both PtIV complexes based on time, temperature, and concentration. The PtIII dimer is proposed as a stable intermediate in the NCS oxidation of PtII to PtIV, though not for oxidation via PhICl2. A proposed mechanism indicates the operation of two independent mechanistic pathways. Oxidation with PhICl2 occurs through an ionic mechanism while oxidation with NCS may occur via a radical mechanism. The stable PtIII intermediate was converted to PtIV products and initiated through light‐mediated homolysis of the PtIII – PtIII bond.

“Development of Synthetic Methodologies Toward Asymetric Construction of 9:30‐9:45 Camptothecin Analogs” Ibrahim D. Bori*, and Daniel L. Comins Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695

Abstract

Camptothecin (CPT) is an antitumor alkaloid that is currently in the front lines of cancer chemotherapy. It was first isolated from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata in 1966 by Wall and co‐workers, and later from the Indian tree Nothapodytes foetida in 1972 by Govindachari and Viswanathan. Poor solubility and toxicity limited the use of CPT as an anticancer drug. Clinical trials of the water soluble sodium salt of the ring opened carboxylate form were suspended due to high toxicity. In 1985, it was discovered that the primary cellular target for CPT is DNA Topoisomerase I, an important enzyme for 101

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS various DNA functions. CPT prevents the uncoiling of DNA during cell replication. This CPT action targets cell division, especially among rapidly‐proliferating cancer cells. The new insights into how CPT works at the molecular level created a renewed interest in the compound and led to the development of many CPT analogs. Irinotecan (Camptostar, Pfizer) and topotecan (Hycamtin, GSK) are the CPT analogs currently in use for the treatment of colorectal cancer and ovarian and small cell lung cancers, respectively.

Stabilization of the E‐ring lactone is required for reducing side effects and antitumor efficacy.

Method: The rethrosynthetic analysis of CPT(R1=R2=R3=H) is presented in Figure 1, and is accomplished by the coupling of fragments I and II to form the C ring.

O R1

HO

R2 A R3

B N

X +

Br

X =OH, I

Fragment I

E

R1

O

R2

N H

B N

A

D R3

O

C N D

O

E

Fragment II

Camptothecin

O

OH O

Figure 1.

The synthesis of fragment I will be accomplished starting from readily available 2,4‐ dihydroxyquinolone (R2 = R3 = H) as represented by figure 2. For other dihydroxyquinolones that are not commercially available, method development for their synthesis will be part of the challenging aspect of the project.

OH R2

R2 A

R3

N H

O

R3

B Br N Fragment I

O

I

R1

O O

X N

1

OMe

N

O 2

Figure 3

O

O

HO O(-)-TCC

+

3

E

D N H

O

Fragment II

The route to fragment II (figure 3) started with commercially available 2‐methoxypyridine (1), and involved (2) as the intermediate. Reaction of 2 with the chiral ketoester 3 provided the DE ring fragment II.

Figure 2

102

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 9:45‐10:00

“Use of Click Chemistry for the Decoration of Cavitands” Joseph R. Atkins*, Stefan Kraft Department of Chemistry Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502

Abstract

Cavitands generated by an acid catalyzed condensation of an aldehyde and resorcinol yield bowl‐ shaped molecules capable of encapsulating rod‐like molecules. Our aim is to generate a water soluble platform to utilize hydrophobic effects during binding of guests molecules. Click chemistry is utilized to decorate the upper rim of the cavitand with triazoles by a 1, 3 dipolar cycloaddition with an azide and aryl acetylene. Upon protonation of the triazoles charge repulsion will change the conformation opening the upper rim of the cavitand. We are planning to use this effect in a ‘molecular gripper.’

Tuesday, AM

Technical Session 7 10:00 ‐12:00 Noon Special Topics in Materials

Session Chair:

Amarante 2

“The Resolution Of The Diamond Problem After 200 Years: Spin Induced Orbital Dynamics For The Little Effect” Reginald B. Little* National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32308

Abstract The physical and chemical basis for bulk ferromagnetism in the first nonmetal element (carbon) was discovered and thoroughly explained (and subsequently patented) in July 2000 by Reginald B. Little. Such ferromagnetism of carbon was postulated and used for determining a dynamical ferromagnetic mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) nucleation and growth. Such a 10:00‐10:45

103

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS ferromagnetic CNT mechanism was developed on the basis of intrinsic spin wave and orbital dynamics (the Little Effect) during CNT synthesis for organizing hydrocarbon decomposition, carbon diffusion, and nano‐graphitization with nonplanarity of hexagonal ring currents via intervening pentagon rings for curvature in the resulting graphene nanostructure. Such effects of magnetic exchange for catalytically orchestrating, stimulating and synchronizing the coherence of multiple bond rearrangements have led to the realization of ferrochemistry. Further consideration of such ferrochemistry under strong static magnetic conditions has resulted in novel diamond syntheses and the resolution of the 200 year old diamond problem. On this basis, others are developing new technologies of spintronics, magnetoelectronics, and magneto‐optical applications in carbonaceous materials.

“Diamondoids: Novel Building Blocks for Nanotechnology” Steven L. Richardson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Howard University School of Engineering, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract Diamondoids are cage‐like saturated hydrocarbon molecules that possess a rigid carbon framework which is superimposable upon crystalline diamond. While lower‐order diamondoids (e.g. adamantane (C10H16), diamantane (C14H20), triamantane (C18H24), and anti‐tetramantane (C22H28)) have been synthesized in the lab, attempts to make even larger diamondoids have not been successful to date.

This field has recently been rejuvenated with the fascinating report by Dahl et al. of Chevron‐ Texaco (J. E. Dahl, S. G. Liu, and R. M. K. Carlson, Science 299, 96 (2003)) of the isolation of new diamondoids from petroleum oil. Given the rigid structures and unique shapes of diamondoids they might be potential building blocks for various applications in nanotechnology and biochemistry. Recently, the Chevron‐Texaco group also isolated and characterized a novel, disc‐ shaped lower‐order diamondoid named cyclohexamantane (C26H30).

It is well known that density‐functional theory (DFT) is a very successful approximation for solving the Schrödinger wave equation for real materials. DFT has been used in physics and chemistry for the last forty years and it can be implemented on modern massively parallelized supercomputers to compute the structural, electronic, magnetic, and vibrational properties of real materials and molecules from first‐principles, that is without any experimental input. In particular, we will show that DFT calculations are quite capable of providing important information about cyclohexamantane and that our results are in very good agreement with recent experimental vibrational data. We are confident that DFT could assist experimentalists in identifying more complicated carbon‐based diamondoids and other inorganic diamondoids (e.g sila‐diamondoids, BN‐diamondoids) that can either be isolated from natural products or made by rational synthesis.

10:45‐11:25

104

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “ ‐difunctional ligands for the APMOCVD of ZnO” J.S. Matthews and O.O. Onakoya, Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

Abstract A series β‐difunctional ligands were synthesized by reaction of the appropriate primary amine with a β‐ketoester or diketone in a 1:1 molar ratio. The products were isolated as yellow viscous liquids and purified via reduced pressure distillation to afford colorless, high‐purity oils as determined by standard characterization methods. Metal‐Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) precursors were synthesized by reaction of the free ligands with diethyl zinc in a 2:1 molar ratio respectively. Reactions were carried out under an inert atmosphere of argon or nitrogen using standard Schlenk techniques. The products were isolated as either white solids or viscous liquids and crystallized from pentane affording single crystals that were suitable for x‐ray analysis. Further analysis was carried out via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, elemental analysis, TGA, and MALDI/TOFMS. Analyses revealed homoleptic, monomeric complexes with a tetravalent zinc metal center. Deposition experiments were performed on silicon in a horizontal, hot‐walled reactor at atmospheric pressure. The deposited films were analyzed via AFM, XRD and XPS, confirming ZnO. The zinc complexes were found to be thermally stable, and in addition provided deposition with low carbon contamination.

11:25‐12:00

NOBCChE ‐ Rohm and Haas

Undergraduate Research Competition Cordova 1 3:30 – 5:00 PM Mr. Vere O. Archibald, Rohm and Haas Company Dr. Marlon Walker, National Institute of Standards & Technology

Tuesday, PM Moderator

Presenters

3:30 ‐ 3:55

“Enhanced Synthesis of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for the Detection of Altered Cell Populations” Divine Kebulu*, Dr. Angela Winstead☼, Dr. Dwayne Hill® and Dr. Richard Williams☼. ☼ Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 ®Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract Various milestone discoveries in the characterization of altered cells have had important consequences. These discoveries have led to the advancement of imaging procedures that are less invasive, easily accessible and with a high detection sensitivity and selectivity1. Our approach is built upon previous researches with more emphasis on investigating the synthesis, the spectroscopic characterization and the application of heptamethine cyanine derivatives in optical imaging. The employed synthetic strategy we have used relies on the efficient application of microwave irradiation that offered a reduction in the reaction time from 3 to 24 hours in the previous conventional methods to about 2 to 4 minutes. In the synthesis of NIR‐2, a 70 percent yield was achieved through the manipulation of time at a constant temperature of 1600C of the microwave explorer system.

105

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS Comparison made between past conventional synthetic methods of similar NIR‐2 dyes with our method showed significant differences.

The spectroscopic parameters of NIR‐2 were studied and the results obtained showed absorption maximal at 789 nm wavelength. The molar absorptivity of 1.5212 X 105 M‐1 cm‐1 of NIR‐2 obtained confirmed its high optical imaging ability. Furthermore, the calculated stoke shift of 35 nm demonstrated the fluorescence detectability of NIR‐2 in optical imaging. Preliminary investigations of the application of NIR‐2 in optical imaging of altered cells was done together with studies on the effective substitution of the vinyl chloride with other functional groups as a means to optimize their selectivity and sensitivity.

3:50 ‐ 4:10

“A Kinetic Model For Microbial Decontamination Based On A Modified Fenton Reaction” Bahati J. Dramou¹; Vishal Shah²; José M. Pinto¹,* ¹Othmer‐Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn NY 11201 ²Department of Biology, Dowling College, Oakdale NY 11769

Abstract

In a water treatment process, microbial decontamination is usually the final stage. This step is necessary to prevent the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms in natural water bodies. There are numerous chemicals and processes that are used for microbial decontamination of water; however, these processes are technologically intensive. Need exists for simple treatment processes that could be operated by non‐technical personnel, are cost effective and do not generate toxic by‐ products.

In the last decade, increasing attention was given to heterogeneous systems of water treatment.

These systems are based on generating oxygen radicals through Fenton‐like reactions. One of the major advantages of the heterogeneous system is the ease of separating catalysts from the water.

However, there are major limitations that include increased temperature or pressure to obtain a reasonable reaction rate, need of parasitic energy to pump water through the catalyst or the unavailability of the catalyst at commercial scales.

Recently, we demonstrated that a heterogeneous catalyst system using commercially available ion exchange resin was ideal for microbial decontamination of wastewater and did not involve any limitations mentioned above. In the proposed method, copper was immobilized on commercial ion‐ exchange resin to create polymer‐metal complex catalyst. This catalyst was then added to water contaminated with microorganisms and hydrogen peroxide added. Results showed that the system successfully reduced the microbial load in water by more than 99% in 15 min and was effective against all tested microorganisms.

The objective of this paper is to propose and validate a mathematical model for the decontamination of E. coli from wastewater that will be used to optimize the reacting mixture and process conditions. The system generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through a series of reaction in which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reacts with a ligand‐bound transition metal, copper (Cu). The main advantage of copper‐mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide compared to 106

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS other transition metals such as iron (Fe) is the fact that Cu reacts with H2O2 both as CuII and CuI and hydroxyl radicals are produced in both cases. In particular, the current reaction uses the very reactive radicals to eradicate all the E. coli present in a system. However another problem arises at the end of the eradication, which is copper leaching. It is vital to minimize the release of this very toxic chemical to magnitudes of part per billion.

A mechanism based on elementary reaction steps was proposed and experimental data of E. coli, H2O2 and Cu concentrations under different operating conditions were used. Reaction rate constants were estimated through nonlinear optimization techniques. Representative results are shown below on E. coli and Cu behavior over time (predicted and calculated values).

Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Dechlorination of Contaminated Water Celina Dozier and Dr. Egwu Eric Kalu Florida A&M University Abstract Chlorinated ethanes and ethenes are a major group of pollutants found in groundwater and trichloroethylene (TCE) is the most common. TCE is toxic when inhaled and has been shown to cause cancer. Therefore, it is important to develop a method of reducing the amount of TCE in groundwater.

The utilization of bimetallic nanoparticles is promising because they have high surface to volume ratios and the introduction of the second catalysts increases reactivity. Bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized using a novel approach. Ni‐Fe nanoparticles were electrolessly plated on natural sand (SiO2) that was activated with a poly (vinyl butyral)/Pd mixture. The samples were annealed at temperature range of 180 ºC ‐ 300 ºC and characterized using SEM, XRD and EDAX. The synthesized Pd/Ni‐Fe zero‐valent catalyst supported on sand was used for the degradation of TCE. The results of the particle characterization and dechlorination rates will be presented.

4:10 ‐ 4:30

Literature Cited [1] Song, H. and Carraway, E. Environmental Science and Technology. 2005. 39, 6237.

[2] Mackay, D. M.; Cherry, J. A. Environmental Science and Technology. 1989. 23, 630.

[3] Liu, Y. et. Al. Environmental Science and Technology. 2005. 39, 1338.

[4] Schrick, B., Blough, J. A., Jones, D., Mallouk, T. E., Chemistry Materials. 2002. 14, 5140.

[5] Zhang, W., Wang, C., Lien, H. Catalysis Today. 1998. 40, 387.

[6] Nutt, M., Hughes, J., Wong, M. Environmental Science and Technology. 2005. 39, 1

107

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 4:30 – 4:50

“Tangential Flow Filtration of an Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification System” Michael Estrella and Filomena Califano Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY

Abstract A simple technique is presented for non‐chromatographic purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. This method is based on a reversibly precipitating, self‐cleaving purification tag. The tag is made up of two components: an elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP), which reversibly self‐associates in high‐salt buffers at temperatures above 30 ºC; and an intein, which causes the ELP tag to self‐cleave in response to a mild pH shift.

A tangential flow filtration (TFF) system, operated under a continuous diafiltration, mode was used to recover pure and active proteins for use in research and commercial scales. The TFF system operation was conducted by maintaining a constant trans‐membrane pressure (TMP) and consistent filtrate flow. Thus a tripartite ELP‐intein‐target protein precursor can be purified by cycles of salt addition, heating and diafiltration. Once purified, intein mediated self‐cleaving, followed by precipitation of the cleaved ELP tag, allows easy and effective isolation of the pure, native target protein without the need for chromatographic separations.

The TFF purification procedure was found to be effective for several target proteins and in the recovery of reasonably pure and active protein. While premature cleavage problems encountered were solved, product contamination issues were addressed and are the focus of ongoing investigations. The results of this research work offer a proof of principle that the combination of this protein purification scheme and TFF system has a wide scale of application and is an attractive process for high‐ throughput protein research and with great potential for scale up.

Thursday, AM Session Chair

Technical Session 8

9:00‐12:00 N Mediterranean Salon 2 Host‐Guest Organic Chemistry Oladapo Bakare Depart of Chemistry, Howard University

Presenters

“Microwave Synthesis Of Cyanine Dyes” Angela J. Winstead*,1 Richard Williams,1 Duane Hill2 1Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 2Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

9:00‐9:15

Abstract This study addresses the increased utilization of near‐IR (NIR) cyanine biosensors in bio‐ applications through the development of microwave‐assisted methodology that will facilitate the design of novel heptamethine cyanine dyes. Heptamethine cyanine dyes are a class of NIR dyes that exhibit characteristics that satisfy the qualifications as a cytotoxic biosensor as well as an acceptor in a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 108

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS sensors. Cytotoxic and FRET biosensors have a variety of applications, which include cellular exposure to environmental toxins, the determination of structure and conformation of proteins, and receptor/ligand interactions. The development of these dyes involves several aspects including the characterization of the cellular environment where the cyanine dye fluoresces, tailoring of functional groups for enhancement of dye uptake and specific cellular activity, and increasing the quantum yield of the dyes. The objectives of this research are to: (1) develop an eco‐friendly microwave synthesis of heptamethine cyanine dye NIR‐1 (2) utilize this synthesis to develop structurally modified backbone derivatives (3) investigate the substitution at the vinyl chloride position with various nucleophiles and (4) demonstrate the methodology’s utility in microwave assisted combinatorial chemistry (MACC) for structure‐property analysis of various dye derivatives. The rapid availability of such systems would significantly advance the knowledge and understanding of structure‐property relationships of NIR cyanine dyes for use in new biosensor applications.

We have successfully synthesized and analyzed NIR‐1 and several analogues in an environmentally friendly, cost, and time efficient manner utilizing microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) in yields ranging from 66 – 95% yield. In addition, we have also substituted NIR‐1 at the vinyl chloride position with good yields. The synthesis, possible biological applications, and its integration into the undergraduate curriculum will be discussed.

“A Novel Approach For Amide Bond Formation Using Microwave 9:15‐9:30 Conditions” Henry North*, Adebowale Ogunjirin, Justin Sebakijje, Gabriela Macias, Melinna Allenye, LaVerne Brown, Ph.D.

Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.

Abstract

The formation of a biologically active compound is one of the major goals of a Medicinal Chemist. Such compounds are often composed of various reactive functional groups that are important for binding affinity, Structure Activity Relationship studies, and activity. The need for several reactive functional groups in the structure can present difficulties in the synthesis of amide bonds. Known amide bond forming reactions employ various harsh conditions, use of catalysts, and difficult purification processes. The specific objective of this study is to employ microwave technology to design a cleaner, more direct approach for the formation of amide bonds without interfering with useful functional groups that may be present in a biologically active molecule.

109

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS In this study 2‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐pyridine or (1,10)‐Phenanthrolin‐5‐amine and N‐ BOC‐trans‐4‐hydroxyl‐l‐proline methyl ester was reacted using microwave conditions and the formation of a single product was monitored with the use of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The product formed was purified using Preparative TLC and extraction techniques. Finally, the product was confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy.

Using conventional heating methods with the same reaction conditions of temperature, pressure, concentration and time, this reaction yields no product. It was therefore concluded that the Microwave chemistry must have influenced the reaction and this represents a novel approach for the synthesis of amide bonds.

Funding: Howard University New Faculty Research Grant

9:30‐9:45

“Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Aminoalkyloxy Derivatives Of 1,3,5(10) – Estratriene‐Like Steroids As Potential Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents” Devora A. Simmons and John S. Cooperwood* College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 Abstract

Breast cancer is second to cardiovascular disease in causing death in women between the ages of 35 and 55 years. It is also the second most common cause of death in women older than 55 years of age. Estrogens are important hormones in the female body. These steroids interact with multiple organ systems and make major impacts on the physiological events that occur throughout the female’s life. Among the estrogens, estradiol is the most potent because of its high binding affinity for the estrogen receptors. Tamoxifen, a therapeutically and clinically available SERM has been shown to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Nevertheless, tamoxifen have been associated with endometrial cancer due to its estrogenic activity within the uterus. Several chemically unrelated compounds have been found to demonstrate activities similar to that of SERMs through interaction with estrogen receptors. Thus, our objective is to synthesize compounds by combining a portion of the chemical features of tamoxifen, the aminoalkyloxy functional group, with the rigid structure of estradiol and compare the activity. Through modifications of the 3‐OH position on the Estradiol A‐ring with different aminoalkyloxy derivatives; and opening the D‐ring at the 17th position with the addition of certain functional group moieties, the synthesis of these compounds have been achieved. Receptor binding assays and gene proliferation studies will be done to evaluate their effectiveness in treatment of breast cancer. The activity of these compounds will be evaluated using MCF‐7 cells, in vitro, through the following studies: receptor binding studies, gene proliferation assays and gene expression. In synthesizing these specific types of compounds, the direction is to 110

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS show that have activity equal to or better than that of 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, the active metabolite of Tamoxifen. Therefore, these compounds could be of use in the market for effectively treating patients affected by breast cancer.

This research was funded by NIH grant RR003020.

“The Total Synthesis Of Methyl Jasmonate And Jasmonic Acid” Steve O. Lawrence, Dr. William E. Crowe*

Louisiana State University; Department of Chemistry; Baton Rouge, LA. 70803

9:45‐10:00

Abstract

Et Et Et

O

OH OR

R = H or Me

H

O O

O

The synthesis for jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate is reported. The novelty of this approach is that the lactone intermediate is made via the hetero – Pauson Khand reaction. The lactone intermediate is the only isomer produced in the hetero – Pauson Khand reaction. The benefit of the reaction is that the rest of the synthetic route to either jasmonic acid and or methyl jasmonate is known.

Break 10:00‐10:05 “Synthesis And Characterization Of Dithiocarbamate‐Containing 10:05‐10:20 Podocarpic Acid Derivatives” Claudia Mouamba, and OladapoBakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that some podocarpic acid derivatives possess anti‐ inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic and cytokine release inhibitory properties, this has led to the discovery of novel anti‐inflammatory drugs. As part of our drug discovery O

OH

OH

111

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS program, we are interested in the incorporation of the dithiocarbamyl functionality into natural product. Compounds containing the dithiocarbamate moiety have been found to possess several interesting biological properties, including anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐ mutagenic activities. For example, Brassinin, a dithiocarbamate‐containing natural product from cabbage has been reported to possess cancer chemo‐preventive activities.

Further, brassinin and several of its derivatives have been shown to posses inhibitory activities on indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, a new cancer immunosuppression target. In our studies on the chemical transformation of podocarpic acid into novel anticancer agents, we have designed the synthesis of some dithiocarbamate‐containing podocarpic acid derivatives for studies in our prostate cancer screening program. The reaction of podocarpic acid with dimethyl sulfate furnished 12‐methoxypodocarpic acid.

Subsequent conversion to podocarpic acid chloride followed by reaction of the later with 3‐bromopropylamine furnished the 3‐bromopropylamide derivative which was reacted with several dithiocarbame salts to generate a library of dithiocarbamate‐containing podocarpic acid derivatives.

“Hydrogen Bonding Initiated Decolorization Of 10-Chloro-9-Anthracene Carboxaldehyde” Josette Crout Seibles* Temple University, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, PA 19122

10:35‐10:50

Abstract

The decolorization of 10‐chloro‐9‐anthracene carboxaldehyde in methanol‐chloroform is initiated by the addition of chloroform to a solution of 10‐chloro‐9‐anthracene carboxaldehyde in pure methanol. Decolorization from yellow to clear and colorless requires approximately 70 minutes at a concentration of 10‐5 M. In going from pure methanol to pure chloroform there is an 18nm blue shift in the long UV absorption maximum. The blue shift is due to a partial charge transfer in methanol from the anthracene chromophore to the formyl chromophore induced by hydrogen bonding.

Addition of chloroform to methanol modifies the methanol solvation and provides solute molecules with momentarily varying degrees of charge transfer character. The 10‐chloro‐ 9‐anthracene carboxaldehyde molecules thus preferentially associate with one another via “ionic hydrogen bonding.” The mechanism of the reaction involves the formation of a novel formyl‐to‐formyl hydrogen bonded dimer not previously reported in the literature.

The structure of the dimer is such that the plane of the anthracene rings is orthogonal or nearly orthogonal to the plane of the six hydrogen bonded atoms. The twisted dimer is formed by the very slow 54º rotation of the anthracene rings and/or six atom hydrogen bond bridge around the essential single bond joining the two in the planar dimer. The driving force for this rotation is relief of steric strain due to the peri hydrogens. This results in a decolorization of 10‐chloro‐9‐anthracene carboxaldehyde since the carbonyl is 112

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS effectively uncoupled from the anthracene chromophore. This reaction is also initiated in monohydroxy solvents such as ethanol, propanol and butanol by the addition of chloroform. Higher aggregates such as tetramers, hexamers and octamers are also formed via hydrogen bonding with the chlorine in the 9 position. A Benesi‐Hildebrand type analysis gives nonlinear plots when total aggregate concentration is used but linear plots when dimer‐only or tetramer‐only concentrations are used. Formyl‐to‐formyl and hydrogen‐to‐chlorine‐to‐hydrogen are both relatively weak hydrogen bonding. This type of weak noncovalent bonding is important in the formation of biological structures/aggregates and in biological processes. The hydrogen bonded dimers of halogenated aromatic carboxaldehydes may also serve as synthons for noncovalent synthesis at the nanoscale.

“Towards Synthetic Transmembrane Chloride Transporters: 10:50‐11:05 Structure–Function Studies On Amido‐Substituted Calix[4]Arenes” Oluyomi A. Okunola and Jeffery T. Davis* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

Abstract

Identification of synthetic transmembrane chloride transporters is important, considering the role of the anion in human health and disease. Transport of Cl– ions across biological membranes is important for fundamental cellular processes such as signal transduction, and regulation of cell volume and membrane potential. Misregulation of function in Cl– ion channels has been associated with the pathology of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer. Previous studies in the J.T. Davis group identified partial cone 25,26,27,28‐tetra(2‐butylamidomethoxy)calix[4]arene (paco‐H) 1 as a transmembrane Cl– transporter.1 On the other hand, the tert‐butyl analog of paco‐H 1, paco‐ tBu 2, inhibits transmembrane Cl– transport. Both paco‐H 1 and paco‐tBu 2 have three amide side chains pointing in the same direction, but the orientation of the amide side chain on the inverted arene unit differs for the 2 compounds. Both 1H NMR and liposomal assay (EYPC and DPPC liposomes) data indicate that the amide side chain on the inverted arene unit of paco‐H 1 does not participate in Cl– binding or transporting events.

R RHN O

R O

O

O O Inverted arene O O R

O NH HN HN

Paco-H, 1: R = H

Paco-tBu, 2: R = tBu 113

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS To understand the influence of side chain conformation on the Cl– transport activity of paco‐H 1, and to investigate whether a secondary amide group is necessary on the inverted arene unit, we proposed the synthesis of paco‐H 1 analogs that are modified on the inverted arene side chain. The modification involves replacing the amide side chain with ester and alkyl side chains, side chains that are incapable of interacting directly with Cl– ions by acting as hydrogen bond donors. Preliminary data obtained from liposomal (EYPC liposomes) assays on a paco‐H 1 analog, in which the amide side chain on the inverted arene is replaced with a heptyl ether chain, indicates that a change in the side chain functionality (amide to ether) results in a significant modification in transmembrane ion transporting function. The syntheses and detailed functional analyses of other paco‐H 1 analogs are being pursued to better understand the influence of the inverted arene unit side chain on transmembrane Cl– transport.

1 Seganish, J.L.; Santacroce, P.V.; Salimian, K.J.; Fettinger, J.C.; Zavalij, P.; Davis, J.T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2006, 45, 3334‐3338.

Break 11:05‐11:10

”Cross-Reactive Poly(thiophene)s Sensor Arrays” 11:10‐11:25 Marc S. Maynor, Travis K. Deason, Toby L. Nelson, John J. Lavigne* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina

Abstract

The potential use of polythiophenes as biogenic amine sensors will be discussed.

Poly(thiophene)s are of interest because of their enhanced stability and sensitivity to interactions between solution phase analytes and side‐chain functionality. This sensitivity allows the generation of the sensor array through the simple addition of divalent metals to obtain unique optical properties. The detection of these amines in biological systems can point to spoiled food, and even some forms of cancer and disease.

Ten different mixtures, made up of three different biogenic amines have been studied.

Classification through the use of multivariate statistical analysis on the UV spectra using the sensor array has been obtained up to 99%.

114

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 11:25‐11:40

“The Synthesis Of Silylated 1,3‐Alternate Calixarenes” Prima R. Tatum, Paul F. Hudrlik*, and Anne M. Hudrlik Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059.

Abstract

Calixarenes are one of the most versatile and useful building blocks in supramolecular chemistry. Their derivatives have been called ideal macrocyclic compounds for biological and chemical studies. Recently silylated calixarenes in the cone conformation have been synthesized and studied in this research group. In the present work, p‐silylated propyloxy 1,3‐alternate calixarenes have been synthesized by the following route: p‐t‐butyl calixarene was dealkylated and then propylated via a two‐pot reaction with propyl iodide in the presence of K2CO3, then propyl tosylate in the presence of Cs2CO3. The resulting 1,3‐alternate calixarene was brominated using NBS, then silylated via a halogen metal exchange with t‐BuLi followed by a series of silylating agents. The resulting 1,3‐alternate calixarenes are a novel class of compounds that was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry.

Thursday, AM Session Chair

Technical Session 9

9:00‐10:30 Mediterranean Salon 3 Analytical Chemistry Murphy Keller NETL, United States Department of Energy Presenters

“Characterization Of The Sour Orange Tree Extracts By Multidimensional Gas Chromatography” Roderquita K. Moore1, 2, Jean‐Marie D. Dimandja*3

9:00‐9:15

1

Clark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705 3Spelman College, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314

Abstract

Lignin is the second most abundant organic substance on earth, after cellulose, and plays a central role in the natural ecological cycle of plants. The lignin macromolecule is comprised of a number of ether and carbon‐linked methoxyphenols, and its characterization by GC typically involves a degradation process (thermal or chemical) that reduces the macromolecular moiety into its many constituent phenylpropanoid monomeric lignin precursors. This presentation reports the use of comprehensive two‐ dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) for the determination of the chemical composition of sour orange tree trunks and branches. In this method, a 5% diphenyl, 95% 115

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS dimethyl polysiloxane first dimension column (30m, 250 m i.d., 0.250 m film) was connected to a 100% methylphenyl polysiloxane second dimension column (2m, 180 m i.d., 0.18 m film) through an on‐column sampling device (called a modulator) that sequentially collects the effluent from the first dimension column and injects each effluent pack onto the second dimension column every 4 seconds. The resulting two‐ dimensional chromatogram is a structured volatility gradient versus polarity gradient plot of each compound in the sample that can be viewed as a molecular periodic chart, in the sense that compounds of similar chemical structure are identifiable as a group in the two‐ dimensional chromatographic space. Proper characterization of the lignin fraction is important in the optimization of the pulping process for sour orange trees, particularly since the structural differences between the guiacyl and syringyl monomeric units are apparent and their relative ratios can be calculated with much more accuracy than currently possible through the use of conventional GC techniques.

“Human Hair As An Indicator Of Exposure To Environmental 9:15‐9:30 Toxicants” Charlotte A. Smith‐Baker*, Fawzia Abdel‐Rahman, James H. Nance, and Mahmoud A. Saleh Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX 77004

Abstract

Hair analysis can be used to evaluate possible exposures associated with environmental toxicants. Hair analysis has been successfully used to assess chronic and acute exposure to xenobiotics. The successful detection of toxicants in hair will add valuable information concerning exposure of individuals/mixtures of environmental toxicants and show different impacts between sex, race, and economic status. Hair samples were collected from barber shops and hair salons to represent the greater Houston area.

Samples were separated according to sex, race, age, and location. Gas chromatography (GC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector (ECD)/Nitrogen phosphorous detector (NPD), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post column derivatization, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze toxicant levels in the hair. In addition to chromatography/spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with x‐ ray detectors was also used in the analysis. Preliminary findings of this research indicate that hair is a good marker for trace elements and possible a good marker for pesticide exposure. Findings of this research will be presented in the meeting.

This work was funded by RCMI Grant # R003045‐17 and NASA / TSU‐URC Grant # NCC165‐9.

116

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 9:30‐9:50

“GC/MS Multi‐Analyte Determination Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Human Hemoglobin Adduct Exposure Levels And Spectroscopic Structure/Activity Correlations” Angela Ragin, Alisha Wright, Kenroy Crawford, Selvin Edwards, Donald G Patterson, Jr. and James Grainger National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA, USA

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed by incomplete combustion of organics. PAH exposure studies utilizing HPLC/ fluorescence or GC/MS measurement of hydroxy‐PAH metabolites in urine have been conducted with an approximate detection window of 72 hours following exposure.

Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts provide an extended window (approximately 120 days) for analytical determinations. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of several PAHs considered among the most carcinogenic, and is the most extensively studied PAH. Most studies have focused on tetrols of BaP only, but several have included tetrols from multiple analytes. Early GC/MS determinations found tetrols of BaP and chrysene.

More recent GC/MS studies of DNA adducts from autoptic samples have reported a variable array of multi‐ analyte tetrols. In our developing hemoglobin adduct multi‐analyte method, we are examining the occurrence and distribution of individual BaP tetrols derived from BPDE adducts in human blood, and we are using standards of 11 tetrol isomers from 6 parent PAHs to determine whether these tetrols (as well as BaP tetrols) are found in smokers and non‐smokers as a result of hemoglobin adduct hydrolysis. The parent PAHs of tetrol isomer standards detected by our method were benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b] fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, and dibenz[a,c]anthracene. Using our method, we determined individual tetrol isomers of benzo[a]pyrene and isomers corresponding to the masses and calculated retention windows for chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene from hemoglobin adducts of hydrolyzed human samples. We are correlating structure/activity parameters for PAHs from spectroscopic (FTIR, NMR and XRC) data.

Overlay/offset of BaP tetrols found in a smoking donor with PAH tetrol standards

9:50‐10:00

Break 117

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “FT‐ICR Studies On The Reactivity Of Aromatic Biradicals Toward Amino Acids” George O. Pates and Hilkka Kenttämaa* Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN 47907‐1393

Abstract

10:00‐10:15

Aromatic biradicals are highly reactive and have short lifetimes in solution.

Therefore, little is known about their reaction kinetics and selectivities. However, some aromatic biradicals play a key role in the action of DNA cleaving antitumor antibiotics which makes information regarding their reaction kinetics and selectivities desirable.

Further, these biradicals are known to damage proteins, but little is known about these reactions. In order to begin to explore the reactivity of biradicals toward proteins, we have examined the reactions of different charged aromatic bi‐ and monoradicals with several amino acids in a dual‐cell FT‐ICR mass spectrometer.

This study is based on the “distonic ion approach”, which involves attaching a chemically inert charged group to the radical of interest so that it can be manipulated and detected in the mass spectrometer. A Finnigan 3‐Tesla, dual‐cell Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT‐ICR) was used to synthesize and isolate charged bi‐ and monoradicals, determine the products formed in their reactions with amino acids, and measure their reaction rate constants (kexp), as described in the literature. The collision rate constants (kcoll) were calculated using a parameterized trajectory theory. The reaction efficiencies (EFF.) are given as kexp / kcoll.

Previous mass spectrometric studies on the reactivity of charged didehydroarene biradicals toward simple organic substrates have demonstrated the importance of the electronic structure (singlet‐triplet energy splittings or S‐T gaps) and the polar nature (quantified by the calculated vertical electron affinity, EA) of biradicals on their reactivity.

To explore the importance of these parameters in reactions with amino acids, a comparison between the reactivity of charged biradicals (and some related monoradicals) with varying EA values and S‐T gaps (6,8‐didehydroquinolinium, 5,8‐ didehydroisoquinolinium, 5,7‐didehydroquinolinium, 3,6‐didehydroquinolinium, 3,5‐ didehydropyridinium, 6‐dehydroquinolinium, 3‐dehydropyridinium, and 5‐ 15 dehydroisoquinolinium) was conducted. Glycine, L‐Leucine, L‐Lysine, DL‐Lysine‐ε‐ N, and L‐Proline were used as the substrates. The biradicals react via radical and/or nonradical pathways. NH2 abstraction was observed for all monoradicals upon reactions with Lysine, but not for all biradicals. Some meta‐benzynes, such as the 3,5‐ didehydropyridinium, undergo NH2 abstraction from Lysine. NH2 abstraction may be best viewed as a nonradical addition‐elimination reaction. H atom abstraction from amino acids is more favorable for monoradicals than biradicals, likely because the barrier height 118

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS for H atom abstraction is greater for these singlet biradicals than for monoradicals. Most monoradicals have higher reaction efficiencies than the biradicals studied, possibly as a result of the S‐T gap reactivity hindering effect. However, this is not always true. This finding is explained by the fact that most biradicals have higher EA values than monoradicals, and hence are better able to polarize the transition state. The ionization energies (IE) of the amino acids also influence the reactivity, likely due to control over the energy of the transition state.

”Parameters That Contribute To The Efficient Generation And Rapid 10:15‐10:30 Detection Of Biologically Relevant Ions In Aerosol Phase MALDI Mass Spectrometry” Erica L. McJimpsey*1, 2; Paul Steele2; Michael Bogan2; Matthias Frank2; Eric Gard2; Herbert J. Tobias2 , Carlito B. Lebrilla1 1University of California‐Davis, Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA 95616 2Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Bio‐Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Group, Livermore, CA 94550

Abstract

A field deployable, dual polarity, Bio‐Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) instrument is being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the real‐time detection and identification of Bacillus Anthracis and other biological aerosols. Identification of microorganisms using mass spectrometry requires the ionization and identification of a limited number of taxonomical biomarkers (SASP’s). Little is known, however, about the factors which govern ion transmission. BAMS has shown the ability to distinguish single Bacillus spores from Bacillus vegetative cells but has relied upon relative peak intensities, rather than the presence or absence of specific biomarkers. Observation of these peaks is due, in part, to chemical component, dipicolinic acid, found in the core of the spore which behaves as a chromophore. This phenomena is similar to the soft ionization technique known as matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) used in mass spectrometry.

In MALDI, a chromophore, also known as a matrix, is used in a large mole excess to absorb the brunt of the laser energy during the desorption and ionization process. The resultant effect is a decrease in fragmentation of the analyte molecular ion of interest. This study focused on determining the factors which govern ion creation and transmission by characterizing single particle ionization in BAMS using MALDI techniques. The parameters which influence aerosol MALDI molecular ion yield and formation of the analyte include matrix selection, matrix‐to‐analyte molar ratio, and aerosol aerodynamic particle size. The matrices studied include: 2,6‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), 2,5‐ dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA), ferulic acid, 119

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS and sinapinic acid while the analyte investigated was Angiotensin I. Samples were prepared at a concentration of 7.14x10‐4M with varied matrix to analyte molar ratios (50K:1, 10K:1, 1K:1, 100:1, and 10:1) to determine the ratio yielding optimal ion yield in dual polarity. The ideal ratio was determined to be 100:1, matrix to analyte. The results also reveal a positive correlation between aerodynamic particle size and analyte molecular ion yield for all of the matrices. The matrices yielding the least and greatest analyte molecular ion formation in dual polarity were ferulic acid and HCCA, respectively.

Future studies will transition from model systems, using standard peptides and proteins to whole biological organisms. Rapid coating of these biological particles with the previously studied matrices will be investigated. The optimal experimental parameters realized from this study will ultimately be used to develop dual polarity, high mass signatures of Bacillus spores and vegetative cells. Additionally, the ability to observe both positive and negative ions simultaneously is unique and provides novel insight into the MALDI process.

Thursday, PM Session Chair

3:00‐3:15

Technical Session 10

3:00‐5:30 Cordova 1 Biochemistry Carl Johnson Department of Chemistry, Southern University, New Orleans

Presenters

”Expression And Purification Of Arginine Variants Of The High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Protein” Richard C. Anderson, Kelly Pace, and Takita F. Sumter, Ph.D.* Winthrop University Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, Rock Hill, SC 29733

Abstract

The High Mobility Group A protein (HMGA) family is involved in neoplastic cell transformation and metastasis in cancerous cells. All members of this family are structurally similar and involved in many normal cellular functions throughout the body, they are also found in high amounts in various different cancers. The primary focus of this research is to study the role of arginine methylation on the arginine 25 (R25) site of the HMGA1a protein. Arginine 25 (R25) is one of three different arginine sites on the protein that binds strongly to the minor groove of DNA. This site, like the others, is also methylated when found in cancer. Therefore, the overall goal of this research is to discover if this methylated arginine has any affect on the proteins’ ability to bind to the minor groove of DNA targets. In order perform this study; arginine to alanine (R25A) and 120

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS arginine to lysine (R25K) substitutions were created at the 25th residue of the protein using three different methods of mutagenesis. We evaluated the mutation efficiency of custom overlapping; computer generated overlapping and non‐overlapping mutagenic primers in Stratagene’s Quik Change Site Directed Mutagenesis kit. Colony counts obtained indicated that a greater efficiency using the computer generated primers that overlapped the site of mutation when compared to those generated using non‐overlapping and custom overlapping primers. R25A and R25K mutants were verified by sequence analysis and the results showed 100% rate of mutation in samples generated using the computer generated overlapping primers. Mutants constructed using custom generated overlapping primers were generated almost as efficiently (50% efficiency) as those constructed using the computer generated overlapping primers. We were unable to obtain successful clones in those experiments employing primers that flanked, but did not overlap, the site of mutagenesis. While mutagenesis was conducted using several studies, we have now focused our efforts on the overexpression and purification of the mutant proteins to determine how modifications at the DNA binding regions affect their affinities for known target DNA sequences. It is predicted that careful evaluation of the role that arginine methylation plays in the function of HMGA1a will lead to the development of more effective cancer therapies.

“Molecular Dynamic Studies Of Several HIV‐1 Protease Modified 3:15‐3:30 Peptide Inhibitors: Shape And Size Specificity” Christina Russell1, Debra Bryan1, John West1, Ben Dunn2, Reginald Parker3, Jesse Edwards1 1Chemistry Department Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 2Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 3Ubiquitous Technologies Inc., Research and Development Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida

Abstract

Protease inhibition to date is the most successful course in the treatment of HIV. In an attempt to achieve greater results in the inhibition of the HIV virus, Dunn et al synthesized a series of small polypeptides, a few amino groups long as potential protease inhibitors.

The structure of these new peptides were designed to better adapt to mutations within the HIV‐1 protease, providing increased inhibition. The newly synthesized peptides were modified at the central peptide bond by replacing the central carbonyl group with either hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl groups or a combination of the two. This would allow for increased flexibility of these compounds. Molecular dynamics (NVT ensemble) were used to study the flexibility of the peptides in reduced and native forms. Dynamic studies were conducted at two different dielectric constants, simulating in vacuum and in an aqueous environment (dielectric 78). In each of the cases the compound showed increased flexibility at a dielectric of 78. Also, Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate 121

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS volumes and radius of gyration of the minimized structures to determine the shapes of the HIV‐1 synthesized protease inhibitors. There was apparent correlation between the calculated shape or volume and activity. Correlation between flexibility of the compound, side chain rotations, and the bioactivity will also be discussed.

“Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopic Studies Of Geobacillus 3:30‐3:45 Stearothermophilus Nitric Oxide Synthase” Ryan D. Kinloch1, Masanori Sono1, Jawahar Sudhamsu2, Brian R. Crane2, and John H. Dawson1* 1University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, SC 29208 2Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853

Abstract

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH‐ and O2‐ dependent oxidation of L‐arginine to nitric oxide (NO) and citruilline via an N‐hydroxy‐ L‐arginine intermediate. Mammalian NOSs have been studied quite extensively; other eukaryotes and some prokaryotes appear to express NOS‐like proteins comparable to the oxygenase domain of mammalian NOSs. In this study, a recombinant NOS‐like protein from the thermostable bacterium Geobacillius stearothermophilus (gsNOS) has been characterized spectroscopically using magnetic circular dichroism, as well as electronic absorption spectroscopic techniques. Spectral comparisons of ligand complexes of substrate bound gsNOS, including the key oxyferrous complex, with analogous mammalian NOS complexes indicate overall spectroscopic similarities between gsNOS and mammalian NOSs. However, detailed spectral comparisons suggest that there are subtle structural differences in the ligand‐bound states as postulated from the crystal structures of the ligand‐free, substrate bound ferric states of these two types of NOS proteins.

Break 3:45‐3:50 “Structural Investigation Of Mutated Spliceosomal U2 Snrna‐Intron Helices: Importance Of An RNA Base Triple In The Spliceosomal Core” Joycelynn D. Nelson and Nancy L. Greenbaum* Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306‐4390

3:50‐4:05

Abstract The U2 snRNA‐intron branch site helix is an essential RNA‐RNA base pairing interaction that must occur prior to the removal of non‐coding regions in precursor messenger (pre‐ 122

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS m)RNA. The solution structure of the pre‐mRNA branch site helix from S. cerevisiae in the presence of phylogenetically conserved pseudouridine(ψ) in U2 snRNA depicts the branch site adenosine of the intron in an extrahelical position (Newby & Greenbaum, 2002b). This construct is anchored by formation of a base triple with the minor groove edge of a highly conserved purine‐pyrimidine base pair (Newby & Greenbaum, 2002b). To determine the importance of this base triple in branch site conformation, fluorescence studies were performed on RNA helices designed to preserve or discourage base triple formation. In each case, 2AP, a fluorescent analogue of adenine was substituted for either the branch site base or its 5’ neighbor in the intron strand, also an adenosine. 2AP fluorescence intensity of ψ‐modified duplexes that contained either an AU or GC base pair (i.e. the native purine‐ pyrimidine orientation) was high, indicating extrahelical positioning of the branch site A. In contrast, 2AP fluorescence intensity in a mutated construct (i.e. AU→UA) was markedly quenched, consistent with an intrahelical (stacked) position for the branch site A. The same result also occurred with constructs that disrupted the purine‐pyrimidine base (i.e. AU→GA or UC) at this position. In no case was the A 5’ to the branch site residue extruded from the helix. NMR studies of the mutated (AU→UA) ψ‐modified duplex showed upfield shifted resonances of exchangeable protons corresponding to imino groups NH1 and NH3 of guanosines and uridines, respectively, in and around the unpaired region and the site of mutation. These particular shifts were indicative of more stacking interaction in a region previous shown to be extrahelical in native constructs.

Non‐exchangeable protons corresponding to H6/H8/AH2 protons also experienced upfield shifting in the same region as compared to native constructs. Cross‐strand NOEs were also observed for non‐exchangeable protons, indicating bases were intrahelical in the region that was bulged in native constructs. Data from UV melting studies were consistent with the structural features deduced from other spectroscopic methods. These findings support a model where by the base triple formed in the ψ‐dependent branch site sequences of the U2 snRNA‐intron helix maintains a role in chemistry of splicing and recognition of the branch site A by other splicing factors and/or in stabilizing the nucleophile prior to the first step of splicing.

Keywords: base triple; branch site; NMR; pseudouridine; 2-aminopurine fluorescence spectroscopy; RNA

4:05‐4:20

“Comparison Of Various Metals On The Effects Of Oxidative Stress Using 8‐Hydroxy,2‐Deoxyguanosine As A Abiomarker” Eugene A. Gibbs‐Flournoy*, Renard L. Thomas, Bobby L. Wilson NASA University Research Center for Biotechnology & Environmental Health, Texas Southern University, Houston TX 77004

Abstract

In the recent years of scientific investigation, the role of DNA in disease pathology has become increasingly important. In attempts to understand the effects of foreign materials 123

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS and energies on DNA structures and interactions, several types of genetic damage have been characterized. One type of genetic malfunction that is of interest to this laboratory is oxidative damage to DNA. Oxidative damage can result when cells are exposed to stimuli such as metallic ions, creating free radicals from metabolic processes that can attack and damage cellular components such as DNA; thus leading to elevated levels of oxidative stress. The objective of this investigation is to examine the effects of various metals on oxidative damage to DNA. It is a goal of this study that a loose hierarchy be attributed to various metallic members of the periodic table in relation to their oxidative damage of DNA. The investigation into the effects of various metals on oxidative stress shall be monitored and assessed by means of HPLC analysis of 8‐Hydroxy,2‐deoxyguanosine, a specific biomarker of oxidative stress.

“Characterization Of The DNA Binding Activity Of NZF‐1 Upon Substitution Of Iron For Zinc” Niall D. Lue Sue*1, Sarah L. J. Michel2, and Holly J. Cymet1

1 Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21251 2 University of Maryland, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201 Abstract

4:20‐4:35

Neural zinc finger factor 1 (NZF‐1) is a transcription factor involved in the maintenance and development of the nervous system. NZF‐1 contains multiple copies of a CCHHC‐ type zinc binding domain which are responsible for the protein’s DNA binding properties. Studies have shown that iron(II) can substitute for zinc(II) within the zinc‐ binding domains of other transcription factors, with varying affects on their DNA‐ binding activity. This raises the question of whether replacement of zinc with iron can occur within the CCHHC domains of NZF‐1 and if this exchange contributes to iron toxicity by altering the protein’s structure and function. Our studies utilized a fragment of NZF‐1 containing two zinc binding domains, referred to as NZF‐1b, representing a minimal DNA‐binding unit. NZF‐1b was analyzed for its iron‐binding potential by titrational analysis using UV‐vis spectroscopy. Iron(III) bound to the protein fragment with a dissociation constant (Kd) in the micromolar (μM) range, approximately 105 fold weaker than zinc. Iron(II) also bound the NZF‐1 domains, but a Kd could not be obtained due to complications with metal oxidation. A fluorescent anisotropy assay was used to determine the DNA‐binding activity of the zinc‐ and iron‐bound forms of NZF‐1b. The zinc‐bound protein fragment bound to β‐retinoic acid receptor element (β‐RARE), its cognate DNA binding site, with micromolar affinity. The iron(II) and iron(III) bound forms of the protein also bound DNA with micromolar affinity but slightly tighter than the zinc‐bound form. Our studies show that iron can substitute for zinc within the zinc‐ binding domains of NZF‐1 with no substantial affect on the protein’s DNA‐binding 124

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS activity. Clearly, further investigations into the potential biological ramifications of this metal substitution are warranted.

“In Vitro Cartilage Generation Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells In 4:40‐4:55 Three Dimensional Gag‐Chitosan Scaffolds” Margaret O. Thornton and Howard W.T. Matthew Wayne State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Detroit, MI 48202

Abstract

Adult human cartilage once damaged exhibits a minimum likelihood for repair and regeneration because of the low rate of growth of chondrocytes in vivo. While proteoglycans (PGs) are essential for cell function, glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) are dominate PG function in the extracellular matrix. Therefore, a wound healing process with inadequate levels of proteoglycan and GAGs will form abnormal tissue. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be grown on a covalently immobilized three‐dimensional surface made of polymers has shown great potential for regenerating cartilage tissue. In this present study, MSC were grown on three different GAG‐chitosan covalently immobilized scaffolds. Three GAGs, hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), and heparin (HEP) are used. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were seeded in porous GAG derivative scaffolds for one week in proliferation.

After one week, TGF‐β1 was placed in proliferation medium to induce chondrocytes formation. To evaluate cell growth a XTT assay and cell viability assay were preformed.

Cell morphology was observed through out the study and cells assumed fibroblast morphology on a polystyrene surface and a Spherical and rounded morphology on 3‐D GAG derivative scaffolds. The preliminary results from both assays show that Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA) produced the highest growth yield.

4:55‐5:10

“Chemotheraputic Effects Of Fluorescent Cyanine Dye Constructs In MCF‐7 Cell Lines”

Michael W. Baker*1, Colette Ntam1, Dwayne Hill1 , Nicole Flemming2, Nikia Smith2, Angela Winstead2, Deshauna Curry2, Richard Williams2 and Laundetta Jones3 Departments of Biology1 and Chemistry2, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics3, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 Abstract Despite recent advancements in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, it still remains a grave adverse health condition. In 2005‐2006, the American Cancer Society reported that approximately 211,240 women received their first positive breast cancer 125

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS diagnosis. Of those 211,240 approximately 40,410 women died from the disease. Breast cancer exists in various forms including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; non‐invasive), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC; metastatic), or lobule carcinoma (invasive or non‐ invasive). Several forms exhibited resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics. This resistance can lead to increased breast cancer‐related mortality. Thus, oncologists and biomedical researchers are interested in newly developed applications or technologies that can indicate and treat this insidious disease. Collaborative efforts have resulted in the development of several forms of fluorescent cyanine dye‐based microsensor constructs (CDBMC). These constructs are designed to indicate intracellular alterations using fluorescent intensity. The “Hydroxyl” class of CDBMC demonstrated the ability to undergo intracellular uptake, correlate fluorescent intensity with cytotoxicity and induce cellular lethality. Thus, the current study was designed to determine if the “Hydroxyl” class of CDBMC could undergo intracellular uptake, correlate fluorescent intensity with cytotoxicity, and induce lethality within the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. MCF7 cells were incubated with CDBMC (20 um) for 6 hours. After this incubation, MCF7 cells were collected and analyzed for cytotoxicity. Cell growth and proliferation, enzyme release, viability and cell attachment were used as markers of cytotoxicity. The results demonstrated that CDBMC caused increased enzyme release and decreased cell viability, attachment, growth and proliferation (Supported by DOE ER63580, NSF 0236753)

“Fluorescent Metal Ion Biosensing: A Tool For Measuring Zn(II) At The Molecular Level” Tamiika K. Hurst*1, Lyra Chang2, Richard B.Thompson3, Carol A. Fierke1, 2:

5:10‐5:30

1

Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 2Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 3Biochemistry Department, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21201

Abstract

To fully understand metal ion functions and concentrations in cells and biology, probes are needed to image and measure the distribution of ions. Protein based biosensors have many advantages for imaging intracellular concentrations. Readily‐exchangeable intracellular zinc has previously been measured as ~10 picomolar using a carbonic anhydrase(II)‐based sensor in PC12 tissue culture cells (Bozym et al. (2006) ACS Chem.

Biol. 1, 103). To expand the capabilities and sensitivity of this sensor, we have developed an expressible, ratiometric sensor with human carbonic anhydrase (CA(II) as the receptor molecule fused to the intrinsically fluorescent protein, mCherry. Zinc binding to CAII is observed as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal between a membrane soluble fluorophore that binds specifically to the CAII‐Zn fusion protein and the fluorescent protein. Our goal has been to optimize this sensor to image the “free” Zn(II) 126

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS concentrations under various conditions and to explore the mechanisms for distribution, storage and homeostasis of intracellular zinc in bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells. This research is supported by NIH grant GM048694 (RBT & CAF) and GM040602 (CAF).

Thursday, PM

Session Chair

Technical Session 11

3:00‐5:30 Mediterranean Salon 3 Chemical and Materials Engineering Isaac Gamwo NETL, United States Department of Energy

Presenters

“Fabrication Of Large, Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)‐Polyethylene Glycol (Pla‐Peg) Microcrospheres Encapsulating Polyethylenimine (Pei‐Dna) For Sustained Gene Expression” Treniece L Terry*1, Victor GJ Rodgers2, Aliasger K Salem1,3 1University of Iowa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA, 52242, 2University of California, Riverside, Department of Bioengineering, Riverside, CA, 92521 3University of Iowa, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Iowa City, IA, 52242

Abstract

The ability to supply material to a specific site at a prescribed rate can often be achieved using a biodegradable polymeric matrix. Polyesters are a class of synthetic biodegradable polymers that have been researched and widely applied in both medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences. Such polymers can be generated in large quantities in chemically defined, non‐antigenic and non‐immunogenic form. With these characteristics and the successful loading of DNA into microparticle systems, their use has been expanded into gene carriers. These synthetic, non‐viral vectors have received increased attention and have shown great promise for the extracellular delivery of DNA to targeted tissue and cells. However, the limitations of such systems have been found to be low level and short term gene expression.

Cationic polymers possess the ability to condense DNA into compact structures due to electrostatic interactions with the anionic charges of DNA. Upon mixing, spontaneous formation of small polymer/DNA particle complexes form which are referred to as polyplexes. Polyplex based delivery systems have shown encouraging gene transfer potential, with polyethylenimine (PEI) being the most widely studied and most effective cationic polymer. Although PEI is able to mediate high levels of gene expression in a range of cell types in vitro and in vivo, toxicity issues and nonspecific cellular transfection

3:00‐3:15

127

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS has limited its use for broader therapeutic applications. The key concerns to be addressed for future optimization of polyplex‐mediated gene delivery include improved tissue specificity, enhanced and prolonged gene expression, and reduced toxicity and immunogenicity. Although research is ongoing in these areas, no one polymer is able to meet both the intracellular and extracellular functions to be rendered effective.

To address this, PEI‐DNA polyplexes are encapsulated within poly (lactic acid)– polyethylene glycol (PLA‐PEG) porous microparticles to provide sustained delivery within the alveoli regions of the pulmonary system. Such a system provides both enhanced and sustained gene expression through the release of encapsulated PEI‐DNA polyplexes. This gradual release subsequently reduces the cellular concentration of PEI and its inherent cellular toxicity. The incorporation of surface pores increases the surface area of microparticles which consequently thwarts the acidic microenvironment that’s been found to be detrimental to DNA but often seen in nonporous systems. Furthermore, porous particles have a decreased aerodynamic diameter which greatly impacts its ability to deposit within the lower pulmonary regions. Resting macrophages are prevalent within this region, serving as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens which makes this ternary particle a targeted gene delivery system. The physicochemical and surface properties of microparticles play a key role on the deposition and release characteristics. Using a modified‐double emulsion technique, the effects of temperature and volume of continuous phase, surfactant and polymer concentrations, and cosolvent and stabilizer concentrations on particle size, sphericity, and density are investigated to understand the impact of surface properties on particle release profiles.

“Nanocontact Molding: Polymeric Materials Issues For Imprint 3:15‐3:30 Lithography For High Resolution Pattern Transfer”

Erik C. Hagberg, Isaac W. Moran, Sarav B. Jhaveri, and Kenneth R. Carter* Polymer Science & Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003

Abstract

UV‐assisted imprint lithography has the ability to be a truly disruptive technology and critically relies on the nanometer scale control of polymer properties, interfacial bonding and deformation characteristics of polymeric materials at near molecular dimensions, for their successful performance. Nanoimprint lithography is intriguing from a cost perspective since imprint systems do not require the sophisticated optics of conventional photolithography systems which reduce the image on a mask by four times with either projection or reflection optics. Rather, imprint lithography uses polymers that harden while conforming to a physical template upon exposure to ultraviolet light or upon a thermal transition. We have developed a nano‐contact molding (NCM) imprint 128

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS lithographic technique for the replication of nanometer‐scale features using functional crosslinked polymeric materials. The NCM process offers many advantages over other imprint lithographic processes including the ability to utilize inexpensive templates, excellent control of the chemistry of the molded polymer and the ability to perform surface transformations via the incorporation of reactive functionality into patterned crosslinked polymers.

One of the most critical material components in the imprint lithographic process is the photopolymerized resist layer; sometimes this resist layer is called the etch barrier or imaging layer. The resist polymer chemistry needs to be designed so that it provides higher etch resistance (selectivity) than the underlying layer which allows for pattern transfer. A number of assumptions have been made regarding properties required by the resist. These presumptions include: (1) low viscosity of monomer solution; (2) rapid photocuring to high conversion; (3) low separation forces between the cured photoresist and mold; (4) mechanical properties for image fidelity; and (5) high etch resistance. Most reported imprint resist systems utilize the incorporation of organosilicon compounds into the resin to facilitate etch resistance. These siloxane‐based resists however suffer from several limiting factors. First, the high siloxane content results in a low modulus, rubbery film after curing. The low modulus effects pattern fidelity which results in distorted replicated features when molding at small dimensions. Secondly, most UV‐assisted imprint resists rely on acrylate or methacrylate curing chemistry, which suffers from oxygen inhibition and results in partial or incomplete curing during irradiation. Finally, there are difficulties separating the cured siloxane monomers from quartz molds – especially when trying to cure high aspect ratio features – due at least in part to the poor mechanical properties of the cured siloxane acrylates. These factors combine to give imperfect pattern transfer and catastrophic contamination of the expensive quartz imprint mold.

There has been recent work aimed at reducing some of these limitations and expand the utility of UV‐assisted imprint lithography. For example there have been recent reports on the use of cationically cured vinyl ether monomer as well as thiol‐ene photopolymers. Our group has been investigating some of these alternative cure chemistries as well as the incorporation of non‐silicon containing organometallic etch resistant monomers such as phosphazenes and titanates. We now report our latest results in the development of alternative imprint resists as well as new advances in lift‐off patterning techniques in imprint lithography.

129

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Morphological Characteristics, Phase Behavior, And Structure Of Nanoscale‐Modified Block Copolymers”

Michelle K. Bowman+*, Jon SamsethҰ, Steve D. Smith£, KimØ. Rasmussen§, Russell B. Thompson€, Michael R. Bockstallerж, Richard J. Spontak+‡

+Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 ҰDepartment of Process Technology, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway £Miami Valley Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45061 §Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 €Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada жDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

3:30‐3:45

Abstract

Block copolymers exhibit a wealth of morphologies that continue to find use in a diverse variety of emergent (nano) technologies. While numerous studies have explored the effects of molecular confinement on such copolymers, relatively few have examined the use of nanoscale objects to controllably modify the morphological characteristics and phase behavior of microphase‐ordered block copolymers via modification of internal interfaces.

In this work, poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (SM) diblock copolymer at ~26 kDa molecular weight and styrene contents 50%, respectively, have been modified with neutral, S, and M block‐selective surface‐functionalized fumed silica (FS) and colloidal silica. The neat copolymers are predicted to exhibit bulk order‐disorder transitions (TODTs) in the vicinity of 187 °C. Dynamic rheological measurements have been conducted to establish a baseline for further quantitative comparison with SM/silica nanocomposites.

Small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and self‐ consistent field theory (SCFT) calculations have also been performed to confirm results obtained by rheology, to determine the microstructures of the block copolymer, and to determine the dispersion of the silica particles. The surface functionalities selected here are anticipated to probe the importance of chemical interactions with the blocks of the copolymer. Unmodified FS with silanol and modified FS with methacrylate, octyl, and grafted polystyrene (Mn = 402) surface groups will interact differently with the M blocks.

Dilute to concentrated composition range was explored. Measured TODTs, as well as morphologies discerned from SAXS, SCFT, and TEM, will be presented and discussed.

130

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Surfactant Effects On Clay Dispersion In Clay‐Polymer Nanocomposites”

Kwame Owusu‐Adom and C. Allan Guymon*

University of Iowa Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242

3:50‐4:05

Abstract

Nanocomposite materials are a new class of materials that have attracted significant research attention in recent times because of unique properties imparted to the material by nanoparticles. In particular, clay‐polymer nanocomposites are of interest because of significant enhancement in physical, mechanical, thermal and optical properties of the nanocomposite in the presence of very small amounts of clay. At the same time, photopolymerized materials (synthesized through light induced polymerizations) have found applications in thin films, coatings, inks and other fields. These photopolymerized materials’ applications could be further expanded by developing photopolymerized products with nanoclay reinforcements.

In developing clay polymer nanocomposites, the hydrophilic clay surface is typically modified with quaternary ammonium surfactants (quats) to render them organophilic, and more compatible with organic systems. Dispersants also aid in a critical aspect of the clay matrix, which is the complete delamination of clay platelets to give exfoliated morphologies. Enhancement in physical, mechanical and thermal properties of clay‐ polymer nanocomposites have been attributed to the exfoliated morphology of clay within the polymer matrix. The art is to modify clay surface with surfactants and try to induce exfoliation by mechanical means. These methods are expensive and deleterious to the nanocomposite materials since thermal and shearing means have been shown to affect the stability of the resulting polymer material. Hence, the goal of our research is to investigate the influence of the type of surfactant and monomer on the exfoliation behavior of clay in several monomers. By understanding monomer‐dispersant interactions, better dispersants could be designed to fabricate clay‐polymer nanocomposites.

Small Angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic mechanical analysis of samples containing three different types of clay modifiers in various organic media were investigated for dispersion behavior and the subsequent effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposite. Results of this research show that exfoliation behavior could be enhanced by the choice of dispersant. By using dispersants that are compatible with the organic media, exfoliation was enhanced, and resulted in increases in mechanical properties. Specifically, using a dispersant bearing a similar reactive group as the bulk organic media resulted in enhanced clay exfoliation and higher mechanical 131

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS strength. Further, by using smaller molecules that diffuse easily into the clay galleries, the extent of exfoliation was enhanced. The resulting nanocomposite not only showed higher mechanical properties at only 3‐wt% concentration but also showed higher transition temperatures. Higher mechanical and thermal properties were a result of the reinforcing nature of the clay particles, which have sizes approximately the scale of the bulk polymer.

Understanding dispersant‐monomer interactions is critical to designing new dispersants that enhance clay dispersion without detrimental shearing or thermal treatments.

4:05‐4:20

“Comparative Leaching Of Water Treatment Residuals Under Landfill Simulated Environments” Muhammed. M. Mukiibi Junior∗1, Amlan Ghosh2, Eduardo Sáez3 and Wendell Ela4.

Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Abstract Using Environmental Protection Agency occurrence and concentration data, it is estimated that about 6 million pounds of arsenic‐bearing residuals (ABR) will be generated annually in the United States when full compliance with the new arsenic in drinking water standard is realized. Effective management of disposal of ABR requires both a full characterization of the materials and an understanding of the environment in which the disposal will occur. Currently, there are different testing methods to evaluate the stability of ABR, the principal of which is the EPA Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP). These tests suggest non‐hazardous landfill disposal of most residuals will not pose an unacceptable environmental hazard. However, our ongoing work shows these testing methods may significantly underestimate the degree and mechanism of arsenic mobilization from the residuals, because critical physical and chemical dissimilarities exist between the test and landfill conditions. In addition, no current testing methods simulate the mineralogic aging in those ABR, which exhibit this further complexity. Landfill disposal involves liquid and solid residence times on the order of months and decades, respectively, whereas leaching tests are completed in two days or less. Consequently, time dependent re‐mineralization of residuals that would be routinely expected in landfill time scales is not addressed by standard leaching tests. The aim of this research is to develop methods for characterization of ABR that exhibit mineralogical aging and to evaluate the impact of such aging on arsenic leachability. Two ABR are utilized in our work, amorphous ferric hydroxide (AFH) sludge and the commercial granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) sorbent. The AFH and GFH are expected to exhibit mineralogical aging analogous to the observed natural evolution of ferrihydrite to goethite and hematite. Our on‐going work indicates that under landfill column simulation studies, this expected trend occurs.

More importantly, it is also observed that the arsenic retention capacity of the ABR decreases significantly with the observed increase in crystallinity.

132

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS Key words: Arsenic, Mineralogical Aging, Water Treatment Residuals, Amorphous Ferric Hydroxide, and Granular Ferric Hydroxide.

“The Coalescence Phenomena And Droplets Motion In Spinodal Decomposition Of Low‐Viscosity Partially Miscible Solvent Mixtures”

Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, NY 11201

4:20‐4:35

Abstract

Spinodal decomposition of deeply quenched, low‐viscosity liquid mixtures has been studied. Observing the phase separation of these liquid mixtures in a small cell, it has been inferred that the process is driven by the convection due to capillary forces, and not by molecular diffusion neither by gravity, heat or surface effects. After quenching a partially miscible critical mixture to a temperature deeply below its critical point of miscibility, the formation of rapidly coalescing droplets of the minority phase, moving in random directions at speeds exceeding 100μm/s, has been observed. This behavior was observed for both density‐segregated and density‐matched systems, irrespectively whether they were kept in horizontal or vertical cells. Phase separation was very rapid, even in the presence of coalescence retardants.

Spinodal decomposition of an isopycnic system (i.e., a system with a very small density difference between the two phases) has been studied; rapid flows up to 6cm/s in a horizontal direction of a 20cm‐long condenser tube have been observed. After droplets formed, they started moving horizontally to a forming interface. After 10 seconds phase separation is complete, resulting in a vertical interface. Depending on which phase was the dispersed, the droplets moved either to the colder or hotter section of the temperature gradient, created unintentionally during the quenching. The results described in this work, show that this horizontal motion is not due to conventional thermo‐capillary migration but it is driven by chemical potential gradients.

“Biocatalytic Systems For Aromatic Oxidations” 4:40‐4:55

Angela M. McIver1*, Tonya L. Peeples1 1University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242

Abstract

During the preparation of pharmaceuticals, there are key chemical intermediates needed to synthesize more valuable compounds. The purpose of this research is to engineer a biocatalytic system to facilitate the production of oxidation products in an economic and 133

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS environmentally benign fashion. Microbial transformation is a stereoselective and regioselective method to catalyze reactions. We have selected to work with various organisms carrying mono‐ and dioxygenases. Immobilization of these microorganisms, including solvent tolerant organisms, will result in a more stable biocatalyst that will be more amenable to meet process requirements. Specifically, retention of the immobilized catalyst will facilitate isolation of valuable products. This effort is critical to producing environmentally beneficial biotransformation systems by providing an environmentally benign oxidation process through decreasing the chemical steps and reducing the volume of hazardous chemicals used and organic waste generated. Cost is reduced by the elimination of expensive cofactors such as NADP and NADPH by using whole cells versus isolated enzymes. This work highlights some results comparing the effectiveness of naphthalene and toluene dioxygenases expressed in E. coli for aromatic oxidations. We will show methods of creating an environmentally benign system without sacrificing productivity.

“Chemical Looping Combustion System‐ Fuel Reactor Modeling”

Isaac K. Gamwo1,* Jonghwun Jung2, Richard Anderson1, and Yee Soong1 1U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 2Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439

4:55‐5:10

Abstract

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a process in which an oxygen carrier is used for fuel combustion instead of air or pure oxygen as shown in the figure below. The combustion is split into air and fuel reactors where the oxidation of the oxygen carrier and the reduction of the oxidized metal occur respectively. The CLC system provides a sequestration ready CO2 stream with no additional energy required for separation. This major advantage places combustion looping at the leading edge of a possible shift in strict control of CO2 emissions from power plants.

Research in this novel technology has been focused in three distinct areas: techno‐ economic evaluations, integration of the system into power plant concepts, and experimental development of oxygen carrier metals such as Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Ca. Our recent thorough literature review shows that multiphase fluid dynamics modeling for CLC is not available in the open literature.

Here, we have modified the MFIX code to model fluid dynamic in the fuel reactor. A computer generated movie of our simulation shows bubble behavior consistent with experimental observations.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

“CFD Modeling Of Methane Production From Hydrate‐Bearing Reservoir”

5:10‐5:30

Isaac K. Gamwo,* Evgeniy Myshakin, and Robert Warzinski U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15235

Abstract

Methane hydrate is being examined as a next generation energy resource to replace oil and natural gas. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that methane hydrate may contain more organic carbon than the worldʹs coal, oil, and natural gas combined.

To assist in developing this unfamiliar resource, the National Energy Technology laboratory has undertaken intensive research in understanding the fate of methane hydrate in geological reservoirs. This presentation reports preliminary computational fluid dynamics predictions of methane production from a subsurface reservoir.

Friday, AM Session Chair 9:00‐9:25

Technical Session 12

9:00‐10:30 Mediterranean Salon 2 Spectroscopy Alvin Kennedy Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University

The Time Dependence Of The Cometary Emissions Generated During The Deep Impact Mission To Comet 9P/ Temple 1

William M. Jackson1 and Anita L. Cochran2 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 2McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin

Abstract

On July 4, 2005 the Deep Impact spacecraft impacted Comet 9P/Temple and generated an increase in the cometary emissions of O(1D), OH, NH, NH2, C2, C3, and CN. The spectra are recorded with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph (HIRES) that is on the 20 meter 135

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS KECK‐1 telescope on Mauna Kea. The emissions are extracted from the background emissions by processing the individual pixels of the CCD detectors of the spectrograph.

This time dependence is then modeled with kinetic models that use the best available rate constants for the reactions that are generally accepted to produce these emissions. The implications of the comparisons between the model and the observed time dependence will be discussed.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program under grant # NAG5‐12124 and the Chemistry Division of the National Science Foundation under grant CHE‐0503765.

“Development And Construction Of A Larger Volume Microcoil 9:25‐9:40 Nmr Probe For The Routine Analysis Of 20μL Samples”

Ian Henry*, Gregory H.J. Park, Ravi KC, and Daniel Raftery Purdue University, Dept. of Chemistry, West Lafayette, IN 47907

Abstract

Recent advances in microcoil NMR have provided a commercially available, robust solution for analyzing mass and volume limited samples in the sub‐microliter regime.

Unfortunately, due to constraints on sample size and the limited solubility of some compounds of interest, the application of this approach to certain areas of development, such as analysis of solutions of moderately soluble proteins, structural analysis of chromatography eluates and analysis of small animal biofluids, is restricted. The challenge is to provide an option within a previously unexplored sample size regime (tens of microliters) while still taking advantage of the increase in mass sensitivity afforded by solenoidal microcoil NMR. Here we present the design and construction of a larger volume microcoil NMR probe with a custom detection cell optimized for the routine analysis of 20μL samples. The detection cell, with enhanced fill factor, is fabricated using a CO2 laser‐heated HF solution‐ etched borosilcate active volume connected to fused silica transfer lines glued in to provide sample input and output. This setup provides easy connection with 1/16” standard LC fittings, lending itself to applications in tandem with HPLC, online SPE and similar separation techniques, as well as higher‐throughput robotic automation. Design of this probe also involves the impedance manipulation of the larger prolate coil, with its higher inductance compared to conventional microcoils, to meet tuning and matching requirements while retaining resolution and sensitivity. Determination of sensitivity and lineshape characteristics comparable to previous microcoil efforts demonstrates the potential of this method for the analysis of moderately mass and volume limited samples with relatively lows solubility in traditional NMR solvents.

136

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Establishing A Correlation Between The Viscosity Of Oxidized Motor Oil And Its 1H‐NMR”

9:40‐9:55

Nigel E. Lloyd* and Shawn M. Abernathy, Ph.D Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

The degradation of motor oil is mainly due to the thermal oxidation of the base lubricate and the depletion of its performance enhancing additives. The oxidation products are a complex mixture of oxygenated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzoic acid is a major product formed during the process. The resultant mixture modifies the oil viscosity, and lead to the formation of sludge and varnish in motor oil. Used engine oil is a contaminant of concern since the aromatic species formed are known carcinogens. In this investigation, Pennzoil 5W‐30 motor oil was oxidized in the laboratory via the addition of concentrated H2SO4 followed by heating between 100 ‐ 120°C. The ratio of oil/acid mixture was varied from 7:1 to 20:1. An Ostwald viscosimeter and 400 MHz NMR were used to measure the viscosity and acquire the 1H‐NMR spectra of the motor oil respectively. This study was undertaken to determine whether a correlation exist between the oil viscosity and 1H‐ NMR.

“Raman Spectroscopy Of Strained Silicon Structures”

Albert J. Paul*, Martin L. Green, and Grady S. White Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899

10:00‐10:15

Abstract

Off‐axis Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the strain in 30 nm layers of strained silicon on a SiO2 insulator substrate(SSDOI) that was converted into grated and pillared patterns. Both patterns were formed from the same wafer as a control surface using interference interferometry. The gratings were 90nm wide with 100nm groves. The pillars were 80nm x 170nm with 100nm grooves. An incoming Ar+ laser was used to excite each sample at an angle of 70 degrees to the surface normal. The incoming laser and the signal was polarized. All signals was fitted with commercial peak fitting software. Raman measurement of a commercial Si (100) wafer was used to determine the Raman shift of unstrained silicon. The signal was fitted with a Lorentzian lineshape to result in a Raman shift of 520.32 ±cm‐1. The control SSDOI sample was measured and fitted with an asymmetric lineshape centered at 514.44 ± .07 cm‐1. The Raman shift of the grated structure was dependent on the polarization of the incoming laser. When the polarization of the laser was along the grated surface, the Raman shift was 516.32 ± 0.35 cm‐1. However, when 137

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS the laser polarization was across the gratings, the Raman shift was reduced to 517.49 ± 0.47 cm‐1. The Raman shift due to the pillars was nearly the same as those of unstrained silicon.

Unstrained silicon has a triply degenerate cubic structure. The degeneracy is destroyed when it is placed under biaxial strain. However, the cubic structure remained. This is evidenced by the selection rules governing the observed intensities, Ik α ΣkI0 |p’TΔkp|2, as the polarization of the laser and the signal were varied relative to the crystal axis of the material. Here k is the phonon mode, p’T the transposed polarization vector of the signal, p the laser polarization vector, I0 the incident laser, and Δk the Raman polarizability tensors for the phonon modes. These observed intensities increase with varying polarizations for the grated samples which suggest that the selection rules have changed; eg, the crystal structure is no longer cubic. The cubic selection rules returned for the pillar structures.

10:15‐10:30 “Microwave Heating Of Two Phase Immiscible Liquid Mixtures”

Alvin P. Kennedy*, Solomon Tadesse, Janine K. Nunes, Melanine Wyche Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD. 21251 Abstract

The microwave heating of immiscible nonpolar/polar mixtures has been investigated for liquids of varying densities. In such two‐phase mixtures the polar phase is initially heated by microwave radiation, and the non‐polar phase is heated primarily by conduction at the liquid‐liquid interface. The bulk of the nonpolar liquid will be heated by conduction and/or convection, depending on the density and orientation of the sample. For mixtures where conduction is dominate, such as water\carbon tetrachloride, temperature differences as large as 1200 C over a 2 cm distance have been measured for durations of 10 minutes or more. For mixtures where conduction and convection occur, such as cyclohexane\water and toluene\water, temperature differences of 57 oC and 49 oC were measured, respectively. In addition, these mixtures maintain temperature differences as large as 37 oC for extended periods of time (> 10 minutes). The magnitude and duration of the temperature differences are determined by the following factors; the presence or absence of convection, the heat capacity of the nonpolar liquid and the power level.

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Friday, AM

Session Chair 9:00‐9:15

Technical Session 13 9:00 AM ‐ 12:00 N Analytical Chemistry: Emerging Tools and Technologies Rebecca Tinsley Colgate‐Palmolive Company

Mediterranean Salon 3

“Synthesis And Applications Of Octabrominated Porphyrins”

Daniel McCall1, Holly Herrin2, Jack Owens1, and Rosalie A. Richards1* 1Department of Chemistry & Physics, Georgia College & State CBX 082, Milledgeville, GA 31061 2Baldwin High School, Milledgeville, Milledgeville, GA 31061 +

CH3 N

Br

Br

Br

Br N

N

Fe

H3C N

+

+

N CH3

N

+

N Br

Br Br

Br

+

N CH3

Abstract

The chemistry of water‐soluble cationic porphyrins has been actively pursued in the interest of providing new materials with electronic and magnetic properties suitable for use in medicine, in optical and memory devices and for the fabrication of metallocatalysts for the activation of oxygen. To this end, we have synthesized cationic porphyrins bearing bromine substituents at the porphyrinic carbons.

Metallocomplexes have been prepared via rapid incorporation of transition metals at room temperature. Electrochemical studies of these complexes indicate an increase in oxidation strength to more positive potential for the M(III/II) redox potential compared to non‐brominated analogs. The Co(II) and Fe(III) complex have been doped in polymeric materials for application as metallocatalysts for the activation of oxygen. The Mn(III) complex has been doped into sol‐gel matrix to function as a colorimetric sensitizer in the filtration of semi‐volatile organic compounds from aqueous solution. A gadolinium complex has been prepared and the synthesis, spectroscopic properties of this complex porphyrin will be presented.

139

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS (D.M. and J.H. acknowledge their Chemistry Scholars Awards at GCSU; H. H. acknowledges support from the 2005 American Chemical Society Project SEED Program; and R.A.R. acknowledges support from the faculty awards and from Science Education Endowment at GCSU.)

9:15‐9:30

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Anion Sensors”

Yousef Hijji * Chemistry Department, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract

Anions as fluoride play an important role in dental care to prevent caries. Although there is a hot debate over fluoride effectiveness and its side effects as environmental contaminant. Fluoride is claimed to cause of fluorosis, hyperthyroidism, and affect brain functions. With the presence of fluoride in our drinking water, the foods we eat, flour, powdered eggs and processed food concerns in its levels are raised frequently.

We have designed and synthesized a number of salicyledenes (receptors) and studied their use as colorimetric and fluorescent sensors to fluoride, acetate and dihydrogen phosphate anions. These sensors showed high selectivity to fluoride while low or no effect is observed to other anions as acetate, dihydrogen phosphate, chloride, bromide and sulfate anions. The addition of fluoride to the receptors showed a significant red shift in max, and the absorbance intensity increase corresponded to the variation in anion concentration. The addition was accompanied by color changes of the sensor solution.

Fluoride in the levels of 1 ppm (environmental level) was detected. The synthesis and photophysical characterization of the sensors, color changes and applications will be discussed.

Support by NSF grant #HBCU‐RISE#0236753 and DOE # ER63580.

9:30‐9:45

“An Electrochemical, Enzyme‐Amplified, Sandwich‐Type Immunoassay With Reduced Non‐Specific Binding Of Targets And Much Improved Sensitivity And Dynamic Range”

Yongchao Zhang* Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract

We report a simple, potentially low‐cost, amperometric, enzyme‐amplified, sandwich‐ type immunoassay, monitoring IgG at a concentration as low as ~7 pg/mL with a dynamic range of 104.

140

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS The assay utilizes a screen‐printed carbon electrode on which a redox hydrogel and avidin are co‐electrodeposited. To eliminate or significantly reduce the non‐specific binding of target and other antibodies to the positively charged micro‐domains of the avidin, two polyanions, poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) and poly(acrylic acid), are applied. These polyanions bind to the film not only electrostatically, but also by Michael addition reaction to cysteine, lysine or arginine functions of the avidin. The electrode is then made specific for the analyte, for which rabbit IgG was chosen, by conjugating the film‐bound‐avidin to biotin‐labeled anti‐rabbit IgG. After exposure to the tested solution and capture of rabbit IgG, the sandwich is completed by conjugation of horseradish‐ peroxidase (HRP) labeled anti‐rabbit IgG. Electrical contact between the HRP and the electrode‐bound hydrogel results in the formation of an electrocatalyst for the electroreduction of H2O2 to water. The application of the poly(acrylic acid‐co‐maleic acid) and the poly(acrylic acid) reduces the non‐specific adsorption‐associated noise, lowers the detection limit from 0.5 ng/mL (~ 3 pM analyte antibody concentration) to ~7 pg/mL (~40 fM analyte antibody concentration), and also expands the dynamic range to 104.

9:45‐10:00 “Novel Fluorescent Supports For Immunosensor Applications”

Wraegen A. M. Williams, Suzanne M. Ruder, Ph.D.* Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Chemistry, Richmond, VA, 23284

Abstract

Immunosensors are powerful tools for the analysis of chemical and biological toxins.

The most commonly used immunoassay method is enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Typically in this method the antibody (Ab) is tagged with a fluorescent label such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) which binds with the lysine residues of the Ab. If lysine residues are near the antigen (Ag) binding sites, the binding ability of the Ab is decreased and sensitivity is lowered. Thus, there is an ongoing effort within the scientific community to develop practical biosensors that work by a direct method of detection which will increase the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of the sensors results.

The focus of this research is to construct new solid supports for immunosensors that will selectively immobilize active Ab at the surface allowing for the detection of both small and large Ag. To this end a novel linkers were synthesized based on Sonogashira cross‐ coupling to form rigid aromatic systems that act as fluorescent probes capable of immobilizing active Ab. These linkers contain a hydrazide moiety capable of covalently binding Ab through the oxidized carbohydrate region via a hydrazone bond. The formation of the covalent hydrazone bond is detectable by fluorescence spectroscopy due to a shift in the maximum emission wavelength of the hydrazide upon derivatization with 141

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS oxidized Ab. The synthesis of the novel linkers, and both solution and solid phase fluorescent studies will be presented.

10:05‐10:20

“Improving an Immunosensor Design: The Synthesis and Electrochemical Evaluation of Novel Antibody Immobilizing Agents”

Dwight A. Williams, Charlene Crawley and Suzanne Ruder* Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Chemistry, Richmond, VA 23284

Abstract

Immunosensors utilizing surface immobilized antibodies (Ab) have recently emerged as a means of detecting a variety of environmental pollutants. A number of surface immobilization strategies have been developed. The most common methods for immobilizing antibodies (Ab) onto solid supports are though self assembled monolayers (SAM) of long alkyl chains containing terminal succinimide esters or hydrazides. Previous studies from our laboratories as well as others using dodecylsuccinimide (DSU) SAMs method have shown great potential for the development of immunosensors. We seek to further advance this field by changing the structure of the molecule used to immobilize the Ab onto the solid support from simple alkyl chains to rigid polarized systems that mimic properties of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Such systems are anticipated to enhance the electrochemical evaluation of the surface immobilized Ab with its Ag. The research presented here includes the synthesis of these LC like materials and their evaluation through electrochemistry.

“Fabrication Of DNA Microarrays On Poly (Methylmethacrylate) 10:20‐10:35 Substrates For Biomolecular Reporting”

Catherine Situma1, 2 and Steven A. Soper* 1, 2 1Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 2Center for Bio‐Modular Multi‐Scale Systems, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

Abstract

DNA microarrays require the use of substrates with well‐established surface modification / probe attachment chemistries. Glass/quartz have been widely adopted as typical support materials since their surface modification chemistries which involve the use of siloxane –based chemistries have been widely studied however; these chemistry is susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage especially at high or low pH values. Recently, polymers have been sought as alternative microarray support materials but their surface 142

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS modification strategies are not well characterized compared to glass. This report will entail surface photo‐modification of PMMA polymer substrates by UV irradiation which produces functional scaffolds of carboxylic groups that allow covalent attachment of amine‐terminated oligonucleotide probes onto these surfaces via carbodiimide coupling chemistries. The photo‐modification process for microarray fabrication involves only three steps; (1) broadband UV exposure of the polymer surface; (2) carbodiimide coupling of amine‐terminated oligonucleotide probes to the surface (via an amide bond) and; (3) washing of the surface.

Since microfluidics offer several advantages such as reduction in reagent cost, reduction in hybridization assay times and parallel processing of samples; we incorporate them in the microarray construction by using poly (dimethylsiloxane) microchannels that are reversibly sealed to the photoactivated PMMA substrates. Parallel sample processing minimizes contamination effects that can give rise to false positives which can be a significant issue especially for diagnostic applications. We demonstrate use of these protocols with linear oligonucleotide probes for screening multiple KRAS 2 mutations possessing high diagnostic value for colorectal cancers whereby a Ligase Detection Reaction/universal zipcode array assays is carried out using parallel detection of two different low abundant DNA point mutations in KRAS 2 oncogenes with allelic composition evaluated at one locus. The same covalent attachment protocols were utilized for immobilizing hairpin probes (molecular beacons) in a microarray format that were used to report on the analysis of complementary DNA (cDNA) specific for fruitless (fru) and ods‐site homeobox (OdsH) genes extracted from Drosophila Melanogaster fruit flies.

“Utilization of a Conjugated Polymer‐Based Sensor for Biological 10:35‐10:50 Sensing Applications”

Toby L. Nelson, Ivy Tran, John J. Lavigne* University of South Carolina Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, SC 29208 Abstract A conjugated polymer is presented as a sensor to assess the quality of fish as it relates to spoilage. The amount of biogenic amines present in a sample directly correlates with the quality of the fish. These amines are generated from the bacterial decay of proteins.

Initial efforts have focused on using a carboxylated poly(thiophene) that interacts with these amines resulting in distinct color changes relating to the amount of amine present.

Calibration curves are generated to correlate spoilage under varying conditions with the polymer response. Analysis has focused on studying the spoilage of tuna and salmon thus far. Arrays are readily generated by simply varying the counter‐ion for the carboxylate on the polymer resulting in a differential response from the polymer. These combined responses lead to more accurate quality assessments.

143

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

10:50‐11:05

“Nano‐Templates For Viral Protein Cages Assembly”

Stella E. Aniagyei*1, Chelsea J. Kennedy1, David S. Pavkovich1, Deborah A. Willits2, Trevor Douglas3, Mark J. Young2, Bogdan G. Dragnea1

1Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717 3Montana State University, Department of Chemistry, Bozeman, MT 59717

Abstract

Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are viruses in which the RNA core is removed and replaced with a nanoparticle. This example of engineered virus capsids and other protein cage structures have already shown promise as therapeutic and diagnostic vectors 1, imaging agents 2, and as scaffolds and microreactors for advanced nanomaterials synthesis3. All these applications require the ability to control the interaction between the artificial core and the capsid proteins. One way to do this is to investigate the effect of the core size, shape, and surface chemistry on the assembly outcome. The viruses studied in our group are cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV). It has recently been demonstrated that varying the gold nanoparticle (GNP) core diameter provides control over the BMV capsid structure and that an optimum core size drives the VLPs to form nanoparticle‐encapsulating capsids having a structure similar to the native virus4.

The assembly process is believed to be biased by interactions between an N‐terminal domain of the capsid proteins and the nucleic acid. To support this, in vitro assembly using a mutant of CCMV lacking most of the N‐terminal domain, NΔ34, showed the assembly of a variety of structural configurations5. The present work seeks to investigate the importance of the role of the nanoparticle scaffold in assembly as compared with protein‐protein interactions. To accomplish this, spherical and rod‐shaped GNPs will be synthesized and encapsidated in CCMV and NΔ34 capsid proteins and the resulting VLP structures will be characterized and elucidated. The rod‐shaped VLPs in particular, are unique in that they can serve as building blocks for 3D optical metamaterials.

References: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Gupta, B. et al, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 57, 637 (2005).

Dragnea, B. et al, Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, 6374 (2003).

Douglas, T. & Young, M. Nature 393, 152 (1998).

Sun, J. et al, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 1354 (2007).

Tang, J. et al, Journal of Structural Biology 154, 59 (2006)

144

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS “Design And Construction Of Nanografted Arrays Of Ω‐ Functionalized N‐Alkanethiols: Influence Of Concentration On The Formation Of Single Or Double Layers”

Algernon T. Kelley, Johnpeter Ngunjiri, Jayne C. Garno* Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, LA 70803

11:10‐11:25

Abstract Nanografting can be used to write patterns of n‐alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). To write patterns using nanografting, a high force is applied to a scanning AFM probe to remove small areas of thematrix SAM. The exposed areas are immediately filled with molecules from solution to write nanopatterns following the track of the scanning tip. Typically, n‐alkanethiols SAMs form well‐ordered single layers as shown

in Figure 1; however, we have observed that under certain experimental conditions carboxylate and thiol‐terminated alkanethiols form nanostructures that are twice the expected thickness. Nanografting is used as an in situ tool for investigating the self‐ assembly of n‐alkanethiol SAMs, with successive changes in solution concentration. A monolayer cross pattern of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (11‐MUA) under low concentration (1 x 10‐9 M) was written into an octadecanethiol (ODT) matrix (Figure 1A). The cross‐shaped pattern is Figure 1: Single layers are written at low concentration. darker than the surrounding ODT matrix areas, because 11‐MUA molecules are shorter than ODT. The line profile (Figure 1B) of the cross pattern indicates a height difference of 0.7 nm ± 0.2 nm which matches the expected height of a single layer. Increasing the concentration of 11‐MUA (1 x 10‐8 M) produced a double layer (Figure 2A). The nanopatterns have brighter contrast,

Figure 2: Double–layers are written at high concentration for nanopatterns of 11-MUA.

indicating that the nanografted squares are taller than the surrounding ODT matrix. The corresponding cursor profile (Figure 2B) shows a height of 3.0 ± 0.2 nm, thus each square of the array is the thickness of a double layer. Double layers form as a result of strong head‐to‐head interactions between terminal groups of alkanethiols. At high concentration of 11‐MUA double‐layer structures were observed when nanografting in 145

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS either ethanol or aqueous solvents. It has been demonstrated that the function and efficiency of electron transport in molecular devices is greatly affected by how the molecules are arranged between electrode surface contacts. Understanding the organization and detailed structure of molecules on surfaces is critical for modeling and for theoretical predictions when designing molecular electronic devices. In situ AFM images will be presented for arrays of SAMs which vary in chain length and terminal headgroups (i.e. carboxyl, hydroxyl, methyl, thiol) for systematic comparison when writing nanopatterns on surfaces via nanografting.

“SERS And DFT Of 4’’‐Trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl‐4,4’‐Bis‐ 11:25‐11:40 (Phenyleneethynylene)Benzene Thiol On Silver And Gold Nanospheres”

Melissa C. Fletcher,† Alberto Vivoni, ‡ Martin M. Moore,≡ James Lui,§ Joshua Caldwell,§ S. M. Prokes,§ Orest Glembocki,§ Stephen Choquette, Charles M. Hosten†*

Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, Inter American University, San German PR ≡Naval Research Laboratory, CBMSE, Washington, DC 20375, §Naval Research Laboratory, Electronic Technology, Washington, DC 20375, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 †

‡

Abstract

Monolayers of α, ω‐dithiol oligo(phenyleneethynlene) molecules are critical to the field of molecular electronics because of their abilities to form bonds with many metallic surfaces and to potentially rectify current. FT‐Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and near infrared FT‐SERS spectroscopy (NIR‐FT‐SERS) were used to characterize a selectively oriented self‐assembled monolayer of 4’’‐trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl‐4,4’‐bis‐ (phenyleneethynylene)benzene thiol (OPE’) on silver and gold coated nanospheres.

Selective orientation was achieved by synthesizing 4’’‐trimethylsilylethylsulfanyl‐4,4’‐bis‐ (phenyleneethynylene)benzene disulfide, which undergoes oxidative dissociation and covalently bonds to the surface. The Au–S vibration is visible in the NIR‐FT‐SERS spectra at 257 cm‐1. Peaks due to the S–S and S–H stretch are observed at 544 and 2519 cm‐1, respectively, in the FT‐Raman spectrum, but are unobserved in the NIR‐FT‐SERS spectra.

The FT‐Raman spectrum of OPE’ shows three C–S bands at 834, 1086, and 1131 cm‐1. From the FT‐Raman to the SERS spectra, the 1086 cm‐1 band exhibits a 9 cm‐1 red shift on both silver and gold surfaces. Assignments of vibrational bands were based on DFT calculations 146

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS performed at the B3LYP level with good agreement between theoretical and experimental values. An average percent difference of 2.52 was obtained for the non‐CH stretching frequencies.

“High‐Throughput Ion Mobility “Combing” For Monitoring Changes 11:40‐11:55 In Aging Drosophila”

Renã A. Sowell*1, Ruwan T. Kurulugama1, John F. Kellie1, Kuang He1, Zachary B. Henson1, Thomas C. Kaufman2, and David E. Clemmer1

1Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405 2Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405

Abstract

Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of aging is necessary for the prevention and treatment of age‐related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and osteoporosis. The field of proteomics offers a valuable approach to determine key biological pathways involved in aging systems. The work described herein utilizes a high throughput ion mobility “combing” analysis to detect changes in the proteome of adult Drosophila over the course of adult lifespan. The instrumental setup couples a commercial nanoelectrospray autosampler system to an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) instrument. The “combing” IMS approach offers increased peak capacity of mobility selected and activated ions necessary for the analysis of complex mixtures. Drosophila heads are harvested at various ages and extracted proteins are digested with trypsin. Tryptic peptide assignments of m/z ions detected with a commercial liquid chromatography linear ion trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS are mapped to peaks in the IMS data. Integrated peak intensities of peptides are compared across multiple ages. Preliminary results from these experiments will be presented.

147

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

Friday, AM

Technical Session 14

10:45‐12:00 N Mediterranean Salon 2 Environmental Chemistry Session Chair Name Affiliation Presenters

“The Analysis And Characterization Of Endocrine Disrupting 10:45‐11:00 Compounds In Aquatic Environments And Their Effects On The Reproductive Cell Of Aquatic Organisms Utilizing Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection – Mass Spectrometry (LC – DAD – MS)”

Katoria R. Tatum‐Gibbs_*, Renard L. Thomas, and Bobby L. Wilson

Texas Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX

Abstract

In the recent literature, the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment has become increasingly important to scientific researchers. Among the various compounds that are considered emerging environmental pollutants, natural and synthetic steroids, pesticides, and industrially produced by‐products all warrant particular concern, because of the volume of these substances used, and their potential to act as endocrine disruptors. Of the various groups of substances with reported endocrine‐ disrupting properties, female sex hormones and synthetic steroids are considered the most potent types of estrogenic compounds (Alda et al., 2003). Unfortunately, it has not been until recent investigations that these compounds have received any attention from the scientific community. The most probable cause of this lack of attention is that they are present in the environment at very low concentrations. Now, researchers are beginning to realize that the widespread use of oral contraceptives and animal growth stimulators formulated with these potent estrogenic chemicals are yielding potentially dangerous consequences with their presence in waste water and aquatic environments (Ying et al., 2002). Furthermore, these compounds are capable of inducing adverse responses in various organisms at extremely low concentrations (Snyder, 1999). Thus, the introduction of these potentially toxic compounds in the environment will not only affect water quality, but could also affect the health of wildlife and humans existing in that environment.

This study seeks to identify and quantify EDCs in aquatic environments. The study and experimental design aims to understand many aspects of aquatic environments with respect to estrogen contamination, as well as, other EDCs. It focuses on the presence and removal of these contaminants from waste water. Water samples will be collected and 148

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS analyzed using LC‐DAD‐MS from several heavily industrialized areas of Houston, TX, and also lakes and rivers surrounding Houston. Results obtained form this study will show the extent to which aquatic environments are affected by EDCs and show the possible toxicity of these contaminants to the environment, aquatic life, and human health.

Identification of these compounds is important in understanding their health impact and how to deal with them once they have entered the environment.

“The Aqueous Geochemistry Of Dirhenium Heptasulfide” 11:00‐11:15 Marvourneen K. Dolor* and George R. Helz Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742 (mdolor@umd.edu)

Abstract

Paleoredox indicators are redox sensitive elements that can be used to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic activities on aquatic and marine ecosystems. For example, paleoredox indicators can be used to determine whether cultural eutrophication is the cause of coastal anoxia observed in Chesapeake Bay. Rhenium, a trace‐metal, has been used as a paleoredox indicator. However, the physical, chemical and/or biological processes responsible for rhenium’s enrichment in sediments are not understood. The stable form of Re in oxygenated water is perrhenate (ReO4‐), and rhenium’s seawater concentration is on the order of 10‐11M. Thus, the Re species trapped in reducing sediments must have a very low solubility.

One hypothesis is that this species is a rhenium sulfide. The sulfidation of ReO4‐ is general‐acid catalyzed and involves the successive replacement of oxygen atoms in perrhenate by sulfur atoms. Quantitative yield of ReS4‐ from ReO4‐ was never achieved due to polymerization in solution to yield a colloidal Re‐S species. This Re‐S species is likely related to Re2S7 which contains polysulfide ions in its structure (Hibble et al., 1990 and Schwarz et al., 2004). Dirhenium heptasulfide was synthesized in order to determine its solubility and test the hypothesis that this is the form of Re sequestered in sediments.

The synthesized compound was equilibrated with and without polysulfides at a range of pH’s and sulfide concentrations. In order to measure the solubility of this compound a sensitive analytical method is needed. The method used was Isotope Dilution‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry. The limit of detection of this method is at least one order of magnitude lower than seawater concentrations of Re.

Hibble S. J., Walton R. I., Feaviour M. R. and Smith A. D. (1999) Sulfur‐Sulfur bonding in amorphous sulfides WS2, WS5, and Re2S7 from sulfur K‐edge EXAFS studies. Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton transactions 16, 2877‐2883.

Schwarz D. E., Frenkel A. I., Nuzzo R. G., Rauchfuss T. B., and Vairavamurthy A. (2004) Electrosynthesis of ReS4 center dot XAS analysis of ReS2, Re2S7, and ReS4. Chemistry of Materials 16(1), 151‐158.

149

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS 11:15‐11:30

“Seasonal Analysis Of Air Toxics In Washington, DC”

S. Melaku*, V. Morris, D. Raghavan, and C. Hosten Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 Abstract Atmospheric samples were collected on the campus of Howard University, Washington, DC, over six‐month observation period using cyclone impactor and high volume samplers.

The samples were analyzed for air toxics such as heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr and Pb), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The heavy metal concentration for six‐day samples ranged from 1‐20 μg/l, 2‐20 μg/l, 22‐86 μg/l and 3‐167 μg/l for As, Cd, Cr and Pb, respectively, with a precision better than 10%.

Among the seventeen PAHs and the seven Aroclors (PCB mixtures) studied in atmospheric aerosol samples, we have detected twelve PAHs (anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(1,2,3‐cd)pyrene and phenanthrene) and PCBs belonging to two Aroclors (Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1254). Benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and Aroclor 1254 were observed most frequently with an average concentration of 0.0038, 0.0051 and 0.000059 mg/m3, respectively. Lower molecular weight PAHs were less frequently observed than high molecular weight PAHs. None of the samples contained a significant amount of high chlorine substituted PCB congeners. Our observations suggest a high seasonal variability for heavy metal content in air samples.

“Toluene And Xylene Induced Expression Of Stress Protein 11:30‐11:45 Determined By Gene Array Analysis In Kidney Cells”

Kahkashan Malik*, Gabriel Kristanto, Dr. Felicia Conley, Dr. Renard L. Thomas, Dr. Bobby L, Wilson Texas Southern University. Houston, Texas

Abstract Toluene and Xylene are petroleum derived compounds and are commonly found in the ambient air of Houston Texas. They are colorless flammable aromatic compounds. These industrial solvents are used in the production of different types of chemicals such as paint, adhesive glues. They also are by‐products of automobile emissions. Exposure to toluene and xylene can occur via inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact. Different studies on animal have shown that they affect skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract and also cause CNS depression at different concentration levels. Case studies have shown that toluene causes liver, kidney damage. Neurophysiology and psychological abnormalities have also been 150

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS reported in exposed animal and humans. Toluene is also considered as a possible candidate for teratogenicity in human. Acute exposure of toluene and xylene also induce proximal tubular cell necroses by oxidative stress. However the mechanism by which Toluene and xylene induce necroses is not clear. The over all objective of this study is to investigate the effects of low concentration of toluene on kidney cells and also additive effect of toluene and xylene at different concentration. Cell will be exposed to 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 100 ppb and 250 ppb of toluene and xylene. Gene array analysis will be done to investigate the expression of stress gene/protein.

“A Kinetic Model For Microbial Decontamination Based On A Modified Fenton Reaction”

Bahati J. Dramou¹; Vishal Shah²; José M. Pinto¹,* ¹Othmer‐Jacobs Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn NY 11201 ²Department of Biology, Dowling College, Oakdale NY 11769

11:45‐12:00N

Abstract

In a water treatment process, microbial decontamination is usually the final stage. This step is necessary to prevent the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms in natural water bodies. There are numerous chemicals and processes that are used for microbial decontamination of water; however, these processes are technologically intensive. Need exists for simple treatment processes that could be operated by non‐technical personnel, are cost effective and do not generate toxic by‐products.

In the last decade, increasing attention was given to heterogeneous systems of water treatment. These systems are based on generating oxygen radicals through Fenton‐like reactions. One of the major advantages of the heterogeneous system is the ease of separating catalysts from the water. However, there are major limitations that include increased temperature or pressure to obtain a reasonable reaction rate, need of parasitic energy to pump water through the catalyst or the unavailability of the catalyst at commercial scales.

Recently, we demonstrated that a heterogeneous catalyst system using commercially available ion exchange resin was ideal for microbial decontamination of wastewater and did not involve any limitations mentioned above. In the proposed method, copper was immobilized on commercial ion‐exchange resin to create polymer‐metal complex catalyst. This catalyst was then added to water contaminated with microorganisms and hydrogen peroxide added. Results showed that the system successfully reduced the microbial load in water by more than 99% in 15 min and was effective against all tested microorganisms.

151

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS The objective of this paper is to propose and validate a mathematical model for the decontamination of E. coli from wastewater that will be used to optimize the reacting mixture and process conditions. The system generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through a series of reaction in which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reacts with a ligand‐bound transition metal, copper (Cu). The main advantage of copper‐mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide compared to other transition metals such as iron (Fe) is the fact that Cu reacts with H2O2 both as CuII and CuI and hydroxyl radicals are produced in both cases. In particular, the current reaction uses the very reactive radicals to eradicate all the E. coli present in a system. However another problem arises at the end of the eradication, which is copper leaching. It is vital to minimize the release of this very toxic chemical to magnitudes of part per billion.

A mechanism based on elementary reaction steps was proposed and experimental data of E. coli, H2O2 and Cu concentrations under different operating conditions were used. Reaction rate constants were estimated through nonlinear optimization techniques. Representative results are shown below on E. coli and Cu behavior over time (predicted and calculated values).

152

POSTER ABSTRACTS

Wednesday, PM

1

Exhibitor Mixer/Poster Session 6:30 – 8:00 PM

Palazzo Salon A ‐ H

“The Effects Of Radiation & Cultivar On Soy‐Foods”

Apollonia McMillan*1, Dr. Lester Wilson2, and Dr. Steve French3 1SESIP Program‐Texas Southern University Houston, TX 77004 2Faculty Fellows Program‐Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 3NASA Johnson Space Center Food Laboratory Houston, TX 77058

Abstract

In the year 2030, NASA plans to venture out to Mars. While on this long mission, the astronauts will have to eat. To lower cargo weight on the spaceship, NASA plans to have the astronauts grow crops on Mars and use that as their food supply. Soybeans are one of the crops that NASA is considering to take to Mars. From the soybeans, soymilk, tofu, and other soy byproducts can be made. During space flight, radiation exposure may cause the soybeans to not behave in the same manner. Two cultivars of soybeans (Vinton 81 and IA2032LS) were studied with varied amounts of radiation. The tofu, okara, and whey were analyzed for texture, color, moisture, and pH. Radiation does have an effect on soy‐food characteristics. Also, the type of cultivar that is used has an effect on soy‐ food yields, sensory, and process characteristics.

References • “Hunter Lab Color Scale”. < www.hunterlab.com>. July 27, 2006.

• • • •

Hunter Lab Manuel Version 2.3.

“Introduction to Texture Analysis”. Texture Technologies Corporation.

IR‐30 Moisture Analyzer Operation Manual Lawless, Harry, Heymann, Hildegarde. Sensory Evaluation of Food Principles and Practices. Boston: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1991. Pg 217‐220.

• Liu, KeShun. Soybeans Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization. Gaitherburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1999.

• Meilgaard, Morten, Civille, Gail, Carr, B. Sensory Evaluation Techniques. 2nd Edition. Boston: CRC Press, Inc., 1991.

“Texture Profile Analysis”.

<http://www.texturetechnologies.com/texture_profile_analysis.html>. July 28, 2006.

153

POSTER ABSTRACTS “A Comparison Of Volatile Organic Compounds In New Homes, Older Homes And Their Outside Environment”

Alicia Newman*, Corina McIntosh and Dr. Felicia L. Conley, Ph.D.

Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas

2

Abstract

Recent increases in indoor air pollution episodes have prompted researchers to pay closer attention to indoor air quality, since most people spend 75 to 90 percent of their time indoors. Researchers have found that pollutant levels in the air inside our homes are 2‐5 times higher than the air outside (www.ecco.org). The majority of the population, including our loved ones suffers from asthma and other pollution‐related health problems because of indoor VOC levels (Guo, H. et al, 2003). “New construction techniques and new materials such as carpet and paint, and consumer products have been introduced…some of which outgas more pollutants.” ( ASHRAE) In this study we planned to compare the VOC levels in new homes, old homes, and their outside environments. I found that newly constructed homes can be worse offenders, having significantly elevated VOCs and poor IAQ (www.ecco.org). According to my research there will be higher concentrations of VOCs in the new homes compared to the old home because of current construction materials and techniques (Environmental Council of Concrete Organizations, 1999). The VOCs were identified using a GC‐MS to determine which VOCs are the most prevalent in the selected homes. The concentration and the possible health effects associated with VOCs found in the samples of the new homes were expected to exceed EPA standards.

Keywords: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

154

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Design Of Fluorogenic Calix[4]Arene‐Bis(Crown‐6‐Ether) For Selective Optical Recognition Of Thallium(I) And Cesium(I)”

1 Ebony D. Roper , Galina G. Talanova*1, Vladimir S. Talanov1, and Maryna G. Gorbunova2

1Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 2Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831‐6119

3

Abstract

N(CH3)2 The necessity for monitoring concentrations of hazardous metal ions brought into the environment as a result of O S O O human activities stipulates the search for new efficient O HN O C O O methods and reagents for their determination. In this work, O O a new fluorogenic dansylamide group‐containing ligand designed based on a 1,3‐alternate calix[4]arene‐bis(crown‐6‐ O O + ether) is reported as highly selective chemosensor for Tl , O O O O + one of the most toxic metal ions, and Cs found in the nuclear wastes.1

Under different conditions of pH, the reagent allows for sensitive detection of thallium and cesium at the levels comparable with the limits identified by the Environmental Protection Agency regulations.

1. G. G. Talanova, E. D. Roper, N. M. Buie, M. G. Gorbunova, R. A. Barsch, and V. S. Talanov, Chem. Comm. 2005, 5673‐5675.

155

POSTER ABSTRACTS 4

“A Comparative Study Of Remote Sensing Data And Ground‐Truth Water Quality Data For Two Coastal Ecosystems”

1 Latrincy Whitehurst* , Katherine Milla1, Mark A. Harwell1, Michael Abazinge1, John F. Schalles2

1Environmental Cooperative Science Center, Environmental Sciences Inst., Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 2Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178

Abstract

Remote sensing techniques can be used to characterize several water quality parameters including chlorophyll‐a, suspended sediments, temperature, etc. Existing chlorophyll algorithms have been created for open ocean waters, but have not proven to be effective in estuarine or coastal environments. A new chlorophyll algorithm has been developed by Hladik and Schalles (2004) based on field spectroscopy and chemical sampling. Whereas in open ocean waters there phytoplankton is the major component, coastal and estuarine environments have other influences that interfere with the spectral reflectance of chlorophyll such as seston and CDOM. This research tested the usefulness of the chlorophyll algorithm as an airborne remote sensing parameter. Adjustments to the algorithm were made as needed to achieve acceptable relationships between the two datasets. This algorithm has proven to be successful, therefore use of hyperspectral remote sensing data can provide a very useful tool to characterize coastal and estuarine waters. Hyperspectral imagery was collected using the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications (AISA) at Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve in conjunction with spectral and chemical parameters at the water’s surface.

156

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Trace Organics In Streams And Ponds At SSU Campus”

5

Rashanna Sutton, Christani Russell, Olarongbe Olubajo*, Hua Zhao, Adegboye Adeyemo

Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404

Abstract

Compounds such as pharmaceuticals, caffeine, and sterols in wastewater have been used as potential source markers for tracing possible sources of organic contaminants from human activities. This pilot study was designed to identify and measure trace organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples to determine possible relations between these compounds to animal and human activities. Samples were collected in May and June 2006 from the stream along Jasmine Drive and at the pond by the Village (students’ residential housing). The extracts from the liquids and sediments samples were analyzed using GC/MS. We are reporting the analysis of the sediment extracts. Some of the compounds identified indicate the sources of the contaminants are from human activities.

“Biomonitoring And Measurement Of Isomeric Benzo[A]Pyrene Hemoglobin 6 Adducts In Smoking And Non‐Smokinghuman Donors Using High‐Resolution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry”

Alisha A. Wright*, Angela Ragin, Kenroy Crawford, Don G Patterson, Jr., James Grainger

National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford NE, Chamblee, GA 30341

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) encompass a class of chemical carcinogens which play a significant role in the onset of a number of human cancers. Many PAHs are produced and released into the environment from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, industrial production of petroleum products and automobile exhaust.

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and carcinogen. It is considered among the most carcinogenic PAH,

157

POSTER ABSTRACTS and as a result, is the most extensively studied. Humans are exposed to BaP through various routes including air, water, food, cigarette and tobacco smoke via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Therefore it is important to estimate the health risk of BaP to humans. Protein adducts are considered potentially valuable biomarkers for assessment of PAH exposure, with a preponderance of studies using DNA, hemoglobin or serum albumin as target macromolecules. PAHs adducted to hemoglobin afford an extended window for analyticalmeasurements because they integrate the biological internal dose over the lifetime of the protein (120 days). We have developed a quantitative gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method for assessment of human exposure to PAHs using isotope‐dilution measurements of hemoglobin adducts levels. Liquid‐liquid extraction combined with solid phase extraction was utilized to isolate and purify BaP metabolites from donor blood samples. We have measured pg levels of isomeric BaP tetrols extracted from the blood of a cohort of smoking and non‐smoking human subjects whose ages ranged from 22 to 55 years.

“The Role Of Adhesion And Cytoskeletal Organization In FCεRI Receptor 7 Signaling” Brandy Z. Jones,1 Alexis Torres*,2 and Barbara Baird2

1 Clark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA, 30314; 2 Cornell University, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Ithaca, NY, 14853

Abstract

Mast cells are granulated cells that play a role in allergic response and host defense against bacteria and parasites. The process by which the cell secretes neutralizing granules to defend itself is known to be originated by IgE crosslinking however the role of the cytoskeleton in this signaling is still under review. Our NBTC project in the last few years developed the parylene lift‐off method for localizing the initial stimulus to micron size patches of antigens such that assembly of signaling components could be visualized with selective fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy. Lipids are placed on silicon patterns and allowed to react with the IgE present on the surface of the cell. This reaction causes a chain of signaling events that ultimately leads to the degranulation process. We use immunofluorescence to study the localization of actin binding proteins. We focused primarily on the proteins FAK, Vincullin, and Talin to determine if they localized where IgE was present. While some proteins localized on the IgE cluster to prove that localization is possible, no conclusion can be made as to the extent of participation in IgE mediated signaling.

158

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Chemical And Antimicrobial Properties Of Anise Essential Oil”

8

Ezekeil H. Hudson II*, Brooke B. Woodard, Kristina R. Casmire, Fawzia Abdel‐ Rahman, Wenlou Zhang, and Mahmoud A. Saleh

Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004

Abstract

By means of biological assays, chromatography and spectrometry, the antimicrobial efforts of the essential oil from the seeds of anise, Pimpinella anisum can be assessed as well as the identification of other principle agents accountable in aiding this process. The essential oil from anise Pimpinella species was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), bioautography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPTLC techniques. Bioassay of the crude essential oil of the anise oil (Pimpinella anisum) showed significant antimicrobial activity against wide varieties of bacteria and fungi. Observation of this compound identifies momentous qualitative and quantitative diversity in the sample. Pimpinella essential oil was characterized as having trans‐anethole present in at least 92% of the total, clearly noting this to be the main component of the fruitʹs essential oil. Minor amounts of three other phenylpropanoids could also be detected: cis anethole, pseudoisoeugenol‐2‐ methylbutyrate, and epoxypseudoisoeugenol‐2‐methylbuytrate. TLC bioautography revealed that antimicrobial activity is associated with the major component of the oil, which was identified as anethole. Trace amounts of linalool estrogole, alpha‐terpineol, cis‐anethole, and anisealdehyde were also present components in the GCMS of anise oil. Chemistry, spectroscopy and biological activities of the anise essential oil will be presented in the poster.

159

POSTER ABSTRACTS “A Method For Measuring Reliability Of Reported Analytical Results By Comparison Of Data From Multiple Instruments And Laboratories”

9

F. Hugh Gardner and Nancy K. Meredith

Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341

Abstract

Background: Before any new analytic method can be used to test patient specimen, its results must be validated by comparison with those from established methodologies.

The reliability of the new method’s performance must also be verified by participation in a proficiency testing (PT) program that meets the requirement of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA). In this report, we discuss how data collected by the Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program (NSQAP) operated at CDC can be used to achieve method validation requirements using the program’s accumulated database. Since 1978, with the Association of Public Health Laboratories as a cosponsor, NSQAP has distributed certified dried‐blood material for external quality assurance (QA) services (PT and quality control), and maintained related QA projects to help newborn screening laboratories sustain high‐quality performance.

Over 380 laboratories from 54 countries participant in this program by receiving dried‐ blood spot materials to QA their testing for 1 to 40 newborn disorders.

Results: We calculated the Pearson correlation Coefficient by comparing laboratory results to the mean value for quantified analytes from 385 newborn screening laboratories by importing the data from our data‐base into Excel. We show how an individual participants’ result can be compared with the mean values for an analyte from all screening laboratories to yield a PCC value for their comparative use. A correlation coefficient between the mean value of all program participants by analyte and the expected result can also be calculated as a test for trueness. When we performed this correlation, we found the PCC value for our TSH method to be 0.9924 and for our 17‐α‐hydroxy‐progesterone method to be 0.9948. The PCC values were excellent for all analytes that we challenged with the procedure.

Conclusion: The application of this procedure for comparing individual laboratory results for each analyte to the mean value of all laboratories participating in the NSQAP has some advantages. It can be used by all laboratories participating in the program using the same reference points for comparison, the overall laboratory mean values. Use of this procedure will save time and money. All the assays have already been completed and compiled data are stored. The necessary data to perform the calculations have been collected and are retrievable from the NSQAP database. This procedure could be used by any participating laboratory to produce a PCC number for comparing their method to all laboratories in the NSQAP, either to all methods or only 160 to their selected method.

POSTER ABSTRACTS comparison, the overall laboratory mean values. Use of this procedure will save time and money. All the assays have already been completed and compiled data are stored.

The necessary data to perform the calculations have been collected and are retrievable from the NSQAP database. This procedure could be used by any participating laboratory to produce a PCC number for comparing their method to all laboratories in the NSQAP, either to all methods or only to their selected method.

10

“Investigation Of The Effect Of Counter Ions On The Dihedral Angles Of Silver Complexes Of 1, 10 – Phenanthroline 5, 6‐ Dione”

Jonathan I. Onuegbu, Uche C. Udeochu, Raymond Butcher, Charles Hosten*

Howard University Chemistry Dept, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

In this presentation, the differences in the dihedral angles of silver 1, 10‐ phenanthroline 5, 6‐dione complexes were studied. It was observed that changes in the counter ions of the silver salts used in the preparation of the silver – phendione complex resulted in changes in their dihedral angles. A number of counter ions were investigated including: perchlorate, ethanoate, tetrakis(acetonitrile)silver(i)tetrafluoroborate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, and hexafluorophosphate ions. The synthesis was carried out under a nitrogen gas saturated atmosphere. Both the silver salts and 1, 10 – phenanthroline 5, 6 – dione were dissolved in acetonitrile, except for the experiment involving silver ethanoate in which methanol was the solvent. There is a significant difference in the dihedral angles subtended by the two ligands at the silver ion. The difference can be ascribed to packing forces which differ for the various counter ‐ions.

161

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Chemical And Antimicrobial Properties Of Chinese Star Anise Essential Oil”

Kristina Casmire*, Brooke B. Woodard, Ezekeil H. Hudson II, Fawzia Abdel‐ Rahman, Wenlou Zhang, and Mahmoud A. Saleh

Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004

11

Abstract

Throughout this investigation a systematic methodology for an effective and consistent analysis of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum Hook. F.) is utilized and authenticated for components of its antibacterial diversity. A joint approach of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was exercised for differentiation of star anise. The essential oil of star anise was also evaluated by bioautography, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Bioassay of crude essential oil of the Chinese star anise showed significant antimicrobial activity against wide varieties of bacteria and fungi. Illicium essential oils were characterized as having trans‐anethole present in subsequent amounts clearly noting this to be the main component of the fruitʹs essential oil. Illicium is rich in prenylated C6‐C3 compounds (phenylpropanoid), neolignans, and sesquiterpenes, in addition to several common flavanoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids. TLC bioautography revealed that antimicrobial activity is associated with the major component of the oil, which was identified as anethole. Trace amounts of linalool estrogole, alpha‐terpineol, cis‐anethole, and anisealdehyde were also present components in the GCMS of star anise oil. Chemistry, spectroscopy and biological activities of the anise essential oil will be presented in the poster.

162

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Fluorescence Analysis Of Singlet Oxygen Effects On Human Serum Albumin” Kelvin Frazier, Karrisa Grier, Cecil L. Jones*, Adegboye Adeyemo

Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404

12

Abstract

The relatively high efficiency of singlet oxygen, O2 (1∆g), generation from photosensitizers, combined with the preferential uptake of these molecules by cancerous tissue, serve as the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Following drug administration and uptake into tumor cells, therapy is initiated by illuminating the photosensitizing agent with light of appropriate energy. Upon light absorption, the photosensitizer becomes electronically excited to a state that interacts with molecular oxygen to produce O2 (1∆g). Highly reactive O2 (1∆g) is capable of interacting with amino acids, proteins, steroid and hormones, and cell membranes. These and other interactions disrupt a variety of cell functions which ultimately results in cell death.

Steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to monitor the interaction of O2 (1∆g) with human serum albumin (HSA); a protein known for transporting photosensitizers through the circulatory system. Kinetic studies indicate photobleaching of the photosensitizer, Bengel rose in the presence of HSA.

13

“Mass Spectrometry Studies Of A Twelve‐Member Library Of Dithiocarbamate Ester Analogs Of 4‐Methylpiperidine”

Patience Green, Dwayne Wright, Solaide George and Oladapo Bakare* Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington DC 20059

Abstract

Solution phase parallel synthesis have been employed to develop a twelve member library of dithiocarbamate ester derivatives of 4‐methylpiperidine. In this study, we report structure elucidation of library members on an Agilent 5973 Inert GCMS. The library of compounds was synthesized by reacting potassium dithiocarbamate salt of 4‐methylpiperidine with twelve different alkylating agents in a Radley’s Carousel Reaction Station. Mass spectral analysis revealed molecular ion for each compound to confirm molecular weight. Fragments at m/z 142 and 174 appeared to be characteristically abundant in the mass spectra of these

163

POSTER ABSTRACTS 13 compounds with m/z 142 appearing as the base peak for most compounds. These two fragment ions included the 4‐methylpiperidinyl‐ring system and their mechanism of formation is also presented.

“Bioconversion Of Naphthalene By Recombinant Escherichia Coli In Biphasic 14 Media”

Aneka Atkinson*, Adebowale Adelekan, Corina Derritt, and Michael Gyamerah Prairie View A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View, TX 77446

Abstract

The bioconversion of naphthalene to (+)‐cis‐1(R), 2(S)‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐ dihydronaphthalene by recombinant Escherichia coli JM 109 (DE3) pDTG141 and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pDTG601A containing naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) nah A gene and toluene dioxygenase (TDO) carrying todC1C2BA gene respectively in a biphasic medium has been studied. The biphasic medium consisted of 60% v/v mineral salt medium (MSB) saturated with naphthalene and 40% v/v dodecane containing 80 g/L naphthalene.

The biotransformation of naphthalene, in aqueous media with no solvent phase, by the two recombinant strains to (+)‐cis‐1(R), 2(S)‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐ dihydronaphthalene were 42% and 38% complete after one hour using E. coli pTG141 and E. coli 601A respectively. The corresponding specific product yields of 0.049 g/(g dry weight) and 0.057 g/(g dry weight) were 70% and 94% of the maximum specific yields obtained. Complete conversion of the naphthalene was obtained after 16 h of the biotransformation.

In biphasic media, 75‐fold and 172‐fold increases in specific product yields were obtained for the E. coli pTG141 and E. coli 601A respectively. The corresponding (+)‐ cis‐1(R), 2(S)‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene concentrations in the aqueous phase were 1.98 and 4.21 g/L respectively. This is in contrast to the maximum concentration of 0.043 g product/L obtained for both recombinant organisms in aqueous media saturated with naphthalene due to the low solubility of the latter in the aqueous phase.

The data suggest that using a biphasic medium with naphthalene dissolved in the organic phase (dodecane), compared to the system using only the aqueous medium saturated with naphthalene gives 46‐fold and 98‐fold increase in the final product concentration in the aqueous phase using the E. coli pTG141 and E. coli 601A respectively. The results point to the potential of substantially increasing the productivity of the biotransformation using biphasic media.

164

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Miniaturized Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Probe For Specific DNA Hybridization Detection: Studies On Size‐Dependent Optical Properties”

15

Chan Kyu Kim1, Rajamohan R Kalluru1, Jagdish P Singh1, Angela Fortner2, Jelani Griffin2, Gopala K Darbha2 and Paresh Chandra Ray2*

1 Department of Physics and Institute of Clean Energy Technology (ICET)/Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL), Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759 2 Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217

Abstract

A compact, highly specific, inexpensive and user friendly optical fibre laser‐ induced fluorescence (LIF) sensor based on fluorescence quenching by nanoparticles has been developed to detect single‐strand (ss‐) DNA hybridization at femtomolar level. The fluorescence of fluorophore‐tagged ss‐DNA increases by a factor of 80 when it binds to a complimentary DNA, while the addition of single‐ base mismatch DNA had no effect on the fluorescence efficiency. We present theoretical and experimental results on dye fluorescence quenching induced by gold nanoparticles having different particle sizes. Fluorescence spectra clearly show that the quenching efficiency decreases with increasing size of the gold nanoparticles and increasing the distance between dye and nanoparticles. The mechanism of size‐ and distant‐dependent fluorescence quenching has been discussed. Effects of various influential experimental parameters and configurations were investigated in order to optimize and miniaturize the sensor performance.

Chan Kyu Kim et al 2006 Nanotechnology 17 3085‐3093

165

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Intestinal Absorption Of Ketoconazole Using Poly(Lactide‐Co‐Glycolide) Microsphere Formulations”

16

K.T. Johnson1, H.M. Chan1, Y.J. Lin1, W.R. Ravis1, R. B. Gupta2 and A.D. Peterson3

1Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn, AL 36849 2Auburn University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn, AL 36849 3Alabama State University, Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36117

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine if polylactide‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres could increase the absorption rate of the antifungal ketaconazole.

The body is not able to absorb ketaconazole very well because of its low water solubility. As a solution to this problem microspheres of PLGA were formed using the oil‐in‐water emulsion technique. Two formulations of microspheres were made, using 10 grams and 8 grams of PVA respectively. The everted rat intestine technique was used to examine the absorption of ketoconazole from suspensions of drug alone and microspheres. Serosal samples were collected at twelve minute intervals over a total of 48 minutes. The samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the drug concentration in the various samples. Experimental controls of suspended drug were used in both situations. Results show that the low solubility of ketaconazole prevented absorption of both the suspended drug and the drug incorporated in the microspheres. In future studies, microspheres/ nanoparticles may be coated with mucoadhesives to increase contact with the intestinal mucosa and thus obtain higher percentages of drug absorbed across the intestine.

166

POSTER ABSTRACTS “The Effect Of Synaptotagmin On The Lateral Diffusion Of Phospholipids In Supported Phospholipid Bilayers”

1 Colin J. Ingram , Tingting Liu2, and James C. Weisshaar1*

1University of Wisconsin, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706 2University of California, Department of Physics, Berkeley, CA 94720

17

Abstract

Chemical messenger transmission between neurons occurs by Ca2+ triggered exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are enclosed within a spherical lipid bilayer which undergoes regulated membrane fusion at localized presynaptic terminals. The fusion machinery which mediates these processes is known as the SNARE (soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensistive factor attachment protein receptor) complex. Associated with the SNARE complex is the putative Ca2+ sensor protein, synaptotagmin (syt).

Syt I is a 65kDa member of a large family of membrane trafficking proteins characterized by a N‐terminal transmembrane region, a variable linker region, and two C‐terminal C2 domains termed C2A and C2B. The C2 domains preferentially bind anionic phospholipid bilayers in the presence of Ca2+. Syt I is only expressed in neuronal tissues, however members of the family are found in almost every cell type.

We recently examined the binding and diffusion of the cytosolic domain (C2AB) of syt I on supported anionic bilayers using single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy.

At low bulk concentrations of C2AB the observed 1 step diffusion constant (D1‐step) for C2AB diffusing on lipid bilayers is constant over 6 orders of magnitude of [C2AB]bulk. At bulk C2AB concentrations approximately equal to 10‐7M, D1‐step instantaneously drops from ~0.1μm2/s to ~0.02 μm2/s. We propose that the hindered diffusion of C2AB is caused by the crowding of C2AB molecules within clusters of C2AB.

Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching we are now examining the diffusion of the individual lipid components of the anionic lipid bilayers in the presence of C2AB. Since syt I preferentially binds anionic lipids, C2AB clusters should be able to selectively de‐mix anionic lipids concentrating them below the C2AB cluster to form an electrostatically bound protein‐lipid domain. Results will be presented.

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POSTER ABSTRACTS

18

“Shaping Up: Determinding The Structure Of SOCS3, An Obesity Hormone Suppressor”

Celestial R. Jones‐Paris*, Faming Zhang, Ibrahim Khan, Pengyun Li

Indiana University‐ Bloomington Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease influenced by environmental (social and cultural), genetic, physiologic, metabolic, behavioral and psychological components. It causes devastating and costly health problems, such as Type II Diabetes, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Gallbladder Disease, and several forms of cancer. Leptin is a hormone which plays a role in regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. Leptin being produced in the white adipose tissue translocates to the blood‐brain‐barrier and targets leptin receptors in the hypothalamus signaling specific to reactions that regulate homeostasis during consumption. Studies suggest that obesity is a result of suppressed leptin receptor sensitivity. This is thought to be caused by several downstream proteins that are associated with the function of the leptin receptor. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a member of the SOCS family known for specificity targeting and regulating certain cytokines, has demonstrated in several studies an important role in leptin physiology. The affects of SOCS3s interaction with LRs has been confirmed but not fully understood. Clarification of SOCS3s purpose can be accomplished by structural determinations. In this study, the structure of hSOCS3 (human suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) and its direct interaction with the LR will be analyzed.

168

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Theoretical Prediction Of Ligand Binding Properties Of PDK‐1 Inhibitors”

19

Leyte Winfield*1, Ph.D., Dayle M. A. Smith2, Ph.D.

1Spelman College, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2Whitman College, Department of Physics, Walla Walla, WA 99362

Abstract

With cancer‐related fatalities being the second leading cause of death in the US, understanding the activity of effective chemotherapeutic agents will continue to play a critical role in addressing prostate and other cancers. Phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is an ideal target for the development of chemotherapeutic agents, and developing a library of benzimidazole analogs that act as PDK1 ligands/inhibitors will allow binding interactions to be analyzed and test the hypothesis that benzimidazole‐based molecules will effectively inhibit PDK1 to prevent PDK1‐dependent proliferation of prostate cancer cells.

Several potential PDK1 inhibitors were docked into the active site of PDK1 using the Molecular Operating Environment software. Molecular overlays with existing PDK1 inhibitors show that there was favorable correlation between the structural features of these new inhibitor molecules and existing ones such as Celecoxib (Celebrex). Following structure relaxation using molecular dynamics, AM1 binding affinities were calculated which showed improved binding activity for some of the new molecules. High‐level DFT calculations of the optimized geometries and IR spectra of the inhibitor molecules were carried out using the NWChem molecular modeling software for parallel computers, which allowed for comparison to experimental IR spectra in order to aid in organic charactization and to further elucidate the normal modes which influence ligand binding.

169

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Prediction Of Myocardial Infarction Based On The Comparisons Of Fusion Imaging With Intravascular Ultrasound”

20

E. Obot1, J. Granada2, G. Kaluza2, A. Tellez2, D. Schultz2, D. Bradley2, C. Alviar2*

The Methodist Hospital Research Institute Summer Internship Program, Texas Medical Center‐The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, (TMHRI) Houston, TX, 77030 2 Institute for Research in Cardiovascular Interventions, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Houston, TX, 77030

Abstract

Blood flow goes through arteries in a laminar fashion (normal blood flow). When fatty tissue is deposit in the inner layers of the vessel, the volume of the wall increases, creating atheroma, or plaque. When this plaque creates a significant occlusion (large amount of plaque) of the blood flow, the cardiac cells are lacking oxygen, which causes death to the cells. Cardiac Troponins, specifically troponin I, is found in the heart cells. An increase in Troponins is a reliable marker that muscle cells are dying (myocardial infarction) because Troponins are leaked out of cells and into the bloodstream. In order to accurately determine the culprit vessel or plaque that might provoke a myocardial infarction we will compare the outcome of fusion imaging with IVUS in order to establish which instrument is more accurate.

In doing so, this will allow us to find and locate the culprit vessel responsible for the infarction and differentiate the culprit vessel and no culprit vessel. This will enable us to define vulnerable plaque in‐vivo and create an algorithm of fusion imaging for patient’s myocardial infarction or vulnerable plaque.

1

170

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Interaction Of Insep5 And Plk1 In The Cohesin Complex”

21

Gladys Morrison*1 and Debananda Pati, Ph.D2 1 Spelman College, Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 2 Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics‐Hematology/Oncology Houston, TX 77030

Abstract

Sister chromatid cohesion is formed during DNA replication and destroyed at the onset of metaphase‐to‐anaphase transition. During mitosis, errors in the regulation of sister chromatid cohesion could result in the mis‐segregation of chromosomes and aneuploidy. The overall focus of Dr Pati’s lab is mainly on the cohesin complex, which has four core subunits, Rad21, Smc1, Smc3 and SA1/SA2. In addition, his lab is interested in the proteins that interact with cohesin complex, such as Insep5. Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a protein that regulates cohesin complex disassociation from sister chromatid arms at prophase by phosphorylating SA1/SA2 of the cohesin complex. However, it is not known how PLK1 executes this function. The purpose of this project is to study the role of Insep5 in the phosphorylation of SA1/SA2 by PLK1.

My research this summer was studying the protein interaction between the Polo Box Domain (PBD) of PLK1 and Insep5. Insep5 protein has two Cdk1/cyclin B phosphorylation sites. One of them is the consensus sequence of the PLK1 binding site. When over‐expressed, the PLK1 binding site mutant of Insep5 abolishes the interaction with PLK1. In order to further study the interaction between Insep5 and PLK1, we obtained two stable transfected Tet‐On cell lines, HeLa S3 PBDWT and PBDAA (Hanisch et al, 2006). I induced several cell plates with different concentrations of doxycylin, an antibiotic that activates the Tet‐On cell lines and induced another batch of cells over different time course. Our western blot indicated that PBDWT and PBDAA could be efficiently induced with 156 fg/ml doxycylin in 8hrs. Using a microscope, we also found that PBDwt cells were arrested when PBDwt was induced over 8hrs but we did not see cell cycle arrest in PBDAA cells. So over different time course, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) was used to determine the stages of cells when PBD was expressed. The FACS results indicated that most PBDWT cells were arrested at G2/M phase over 8hrs. It is possible that over‐expressed PBDWT displaces endogenous PLK1, which normally binds to Insep5 and disrupts the cell cycle. To prove this hypothesis, I transfected Flag‐Insep5 into the two cell lines. Some were induced with or without the presence of doxycyclin. Co‐immunoprecipitation (IP) results indicated that PBDWT interacts to Insep5 but not its mutant.

171

POSTER ABSTRACTS In summary, we find that PLK1 interacts with Insep5 via its PBD. Disrupting this interaction causes cell cycle arrest. This finding is important in elucidating how sister chromatid cohesion is regulated by PLK1. Moreover, PBD can be used as an anti‐PLK1 drug target which could potentially lead to the arrest of the cell cycle in certain cancers like lung, breast and leukemia.

22

“Solvation Studies Of Estradiol Derivative Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators”

Jessica Hardaway and Jesse Edwards* Chemistry Department, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL Abstract Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women between the ages of 35 and 55 years of age. Current treatments focus on the estrogen responsive population. This work will also focus on a unique class of selective estrogen positive receptive modulators. Three classes of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM’s) will be discussed in this work. These compounds were synthesized and tested for bioactivity by Dr. John Cooperwood’s group. We used the Sybyl6.9 suite of programs to perform FlexX and Cscore series of docking calculations to determine the binding energies of these ligands in the estrogen active site. Using the docking results and molecular dynamics simulations, we are able to provide evidence of intermolecular interactions between the estrogen active site and ligands of 2 classes of the compounds being studied. In particular, we used the structure of the ligand, 4‐Hydroxytamoxifen a currently used pharmaceutical, bound in the active site of the PDB crystal structure 3ERT, as the reference molecule. Using the results of the docking calculations we were able to determine that scoring functions containing free energy expressions with hydrogen bonding terms provided the lowest free energy of binding on a consistent basis and exhibited the highest correlation with the experimentally determined bioactivities. In the case of the estradiol and 17‐ ethynyl estradiol derivatives the correlation (R2) between activity and the ChemScore (part of Cscore series) scoring functions were 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. There was only one exception, the morpholinyl derivatives received high docking scores but had the lowest bioactivities. These result ssuggest hydrogen bonding played an essential role in the activity of these compounds just as in the case of the crystal structure of 4‐Hydroxytamoxifen.

We will also, present the molecular dynamic simulations of these molecules in 172

POSTER ABSTRACTS

order to examine the motion of these systems in solvent. Contour maps of the flexible ends of these compounds will be generated to examine barriers to rotation of the oxy‐bridge amino groups at the ends of the compounds.

23

“Single Molecule Studies Of Lac Repressor‐Induced DNA Loops”

Kathy Goodson, Sara Lioi, Aaron Haeusler, Jason Kahn, Douglas English*

University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry College Park, MD 20742

Abstract

The Escherichia coli lactose repressor protein (LacI) represses expression of the lac operon. In this system, the tetrameric protein binds a primary promoter‐proximal operator, O1, and two auxiliary operators O2 and O3 in order to repress transcription of the lac operon. Binding of these two sites to a single LacI molecule is facilitated by DNA loop formation. Recently, we have measured the conformational homogeneity of the DNA looping seen in this system using single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SM‐FRET) and a model DNA construct, 9C14 (Biophys. J. 2005, 89, 2588). The model DNA sequence, 9C14, is a fluorophore‐labeled double‐stranded construct with a sequence induced bend flanked by LacI binding sites. Along with other model sequences, 9C14 was used to demonstrate, through FRET analysis, that the LacI may change conformation in order to form a particular loop structure. We have designed and labeled new model constructs made up of 56mer donor and acceptor labeled DNA which contains the operator sequence of the lac operon. The purpose of these new sequences is to monitor the rigidity of the LacI/DNA sandwich complex (56mer duplex bound directly to each LacI dimer) in the absence of an intervening loop. In our previous work, we showed that LacI forms a single, stable, rigid DNA loop despite the presence of flexible domains in LacI. The principle goal of our new studies is to evaluate dynamics; hence immobilization of our complexes in order to acquire trajectories of fluorescence intensity has been a significant undertaking.

Overall, the comparisons that will be made in regard to the dye labeled 56mers and 9C14 will provide direct insight into how the formation of a DNA loop stabilizes the protein‐DNA complex.

173

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Recombinant Protein Purification By Self‐Cleaving Aggregation Tag”

Kazuya Toyama, Filomena Califano*

24

Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

Abstract

A simple technique is presented for the purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. In each case, the target protein is genetically fused to a self‐cleaving elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) tag, which causes the ELP‐tagged target to reversibly precipitate in high‐salt buffers at temperatures above about 30°C. In practice, the ELP‐tagged target is expressed in E. coli cells and separated from the insoluble cell debris by cell disruption and centrifugation. Gentle heat‐induced precipitation of the tagged fusion, followed by self‐cleaving and subsequent precipitation of the ELP tag, allows the highly purified native target protein to be easily separated from the soluble cellular components. This technique can be trivially applied to a wide variety of protein targets, and effectively eliminates chromatographic separations in their recovery. Purified target recoveries of 50 to 100 mg/L from shake‐flask cultures can be achieved in 8 to 24 hours depending on specific process parameters.

“Tangential Flow Filtration Of An Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification System”

25

Michael Estrella, Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

Abstract

A simple technique is presented for non‐chromatographic purification of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. This method is based on a reversibly precipitating, self‐cleaving purification tag. The tag is made up of two components: an elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP), which reversibly self‐associates in high‐salt buffers at temperatures above 30 ºC; and an intein, which causes the ELP tag to self‐cleave in response to a mild pH shift.

174

POSTER ABSTRACTS

A tangential flow filtration (TFF) system, operated under a continuous diafiltration, mode was used to recover pure and active proteins for use in research and commercial scales. The TFF system operation was conducted by maintaining a constant trans‐ membrane pressure (TMP) and consistent filtrate flow. Thus a tripartite ELP‐intein‐ target protein precursor can be purified by cycles of salt addition, heating and diafiltration. Once purified, intein mediated self‐cleaving, followed by precipitation of the cleaved ELP tag, allows easy and effective isolation of the pure, native target protein without the need for chromatographic se parations.

The TFF purification procedure was found to be effective for several target proteins and in the recovery of reasonably pure and active protein. While premature cleavage problems encountered were solved, product contamination issues were addressed and are the focus of ongoing investigations. The results of this research work offer a proof of principle that the combination of this protein purification scheme and TFF system has a wide scale of application and is an attractive process for high‐throughput protein research and with great potential for scale up.

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Water‐Soluble Monofunctional Pt(II) Complexes 26 Useful For Biological Labeling”

Margaret W. Ndinguri, Frank R. Fronczek, Luigi G. Marzilli* and Robert P.Hammer*.

Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 Abstract

Cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug, is known to interact primarily with DNA and many proteins that are vital to DNA replication and cell division. The studied binding mechanism has been linked to the formation of monoaquated and diaquated species however, the active form has not been determined. In this study we present novel tridentate fluorescent ([Pt(atfcdien)Br]Br) and non‐florescent platinated ligand ([Pt(acdien)Br]Br) that forms mononfuntional complexes which are capable of binding to the (N7) of the purine of guanosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐ GMP). 1H NMR measurements, allowed us to monitor the interaction of the platinum complexes with (5′‐GMP) with a decrease of unreacted species and formation of new platinated species visible on NMR timescale. On the other hand, fluorescence spectroscopy would enabled monitoring of the kinetics and interaction of DNA with monofuctional platinum complex in the presence of otherpeptides

175

POSTER ABSTRACTS 26 in invitro studies while elemental analysis confirmed the purity of the ligands. We accomplished the synthesis and solution characterization of [Pt(atfcdien)Br][Pt(Me2SO)Br3], Pt(atfcdien)Br]Br and [Pt(acdien)Br]Br complexes by employing various synthetic steps.

The presence of 7‐amino‐4‐ (trifluoromethyl)coumarin group on the carrier ligand introduces the fluorescent property in the ligand, which allowed us to monitor and study the ligand interaction with DNA by fluorescence. Also the solubility of both Pt complexes allowed aqueous solution studies under physiological conditions, both with DNA and other biological molecules. These new complexes have desirable features for assessing the potential of tridentate platinum complexes for investigating selective monocoordination of metal complexes to DNA and to peptides.

“Glucuronidation: A Phase II Biotransformation Reaction” 27

MeʹJa R. Smallwood*, Deidre K. Robinson, and Gladys S. Bayse, Ph.D.

Spelman College, Atlanta, GA 30314

Abstract

Roxarsone (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrobenzenearsonic acid) is a routine feed additive in poultry. AHBA (3‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐benzenearsonic acid) and Acetarsone (4‐hydroxy‐ 3‐N‐acetyl‐benzenearsonic acid) have been identified as its metabolites. The United States Geological Survey and the Environmental Protection Agency have reported potentially hazardous amounts of Roxarsone and AHBA in the waterways. Toxic effects of these water contaminants on humans are of concern. Based on functional groups of the compounds it is clear that they could undergo several different biotransformation reactions. Biotransformation reactions are divided into two categories: Phase I and Phase II. Phase I reactions include hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation. Phase II reactions include glucuronidation, sulfonation, acetylation, methylation, glutathione conjugation, and amino acid conjugation. This study involves the Phase II reactions of Roxarsone, AHBA, and Acetarsone. Glucuronidation was the reaction of interest because it is quantitatively the most frequent Phase II detoxification reaction in humans. In the glucuronidation experiments, the above compounds were tested as substrates for the cloned human enzyme UDP‐ glucuronosyl‐transferase (UGT). The UGTsʹ cellular location is in the endoplasmic reticulum. The coenzyme used was UDPGA. The 1A6 isozyme tested is reported to act on planar aromatic amines and phenols. Several variations of conditions were tested. Incubation times were 176

POSTER ABSTRACTS 27 varied; sonication and alamethicin were tested for enzyme activation. Alamethicin is a peptide produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride and is known to form pores in cell membranes. Sonication is thought to enhance alamethicin’s pore forming ability.

Product formation was monitored using HPLC on a C‐18 Aquasil column with a UV monitor. The HPLC data were acquired at several wavelengths and in several mobile phases, including 1% ammonium acetate buffer, 97% water / 3% acetonitrile / 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid, 10% acetonitrile / 90% water, and sodium potassium / phosphate buffer. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) was used as a positive control because it is known to undergo glucuronidation reactions with the hepatic UGT1A6 isoform. We have confirmed production of Acetaminophen glucuronide under incubation conditions mentioned above. Although no definitive evidence was found for glucuronidated products from Roxarsone and its metabolites, useful information was obtained, such as retention times and millimolar absorptivities for substrates and coenzymes.

Supported by HHMI Undergraduate Science Education Grant Number SC 52005140, NIGMS/NIH GM008241‐20S1, and Spelman CB2R Award from NCMHD 5 P20 MD000215

28

“Calcium‐Dependent Stability Of Domain 2 Of Neural‐Cadherin”

Michael R. Williamson*, J. Kyle McCool*, C. Andrew Patrick and Dr. Susan Pedigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677

Abstract

Classical cadherins are transmembrane proteins that are essential in calcium‐ dependent cell‐cell recognition and adhesion. They contain 5 independently folded globular domains in the extracellular region. Each domain has a 7‐strand β‐sheet immunoglobulin fold. Short 7‐residue peptide segments connect the globular domains and provide oxygens to chelate calcium ions that bind at the interface between the domains (Nagar et al (1995) Nature 380: 360‐4). Recently, stability studies of Domain 2 of Epithelial‐ (E‐) cadherin showed that the linker segments destabilized the core domain (Prasad et al (2006) Proteins 62: 111‐21). This is an unusual phenomenon, and apparently due to electrostatic repulsion between the acidic linker regions and the loop regions that connect the β‐strands in the core domain. In order to determine whether this is a general effect in the

177

POSTER ABSTRACTS 28 classical cadherin family, studies are being conducted to determine the effect of linker segments on Domain 2 of Neural‐ (N‐) cadherin. Here, we report the expression, purification and characterization of NCAD2 and L1‐NCAD2‐L2. The salt‐ and calcium‐dependent stability of these two constructs was determined using temperature denaturation monitored by circular dichroism. Results from NCAD2 constructs were compared to results for ECAD2 constructs.

Funded by grant MCB 0212669 from the National Science Foundation

“Molecular Dynamic Studies Of Derivatives Of The XI5 HIV‐1 Protease 29 Inhibitor”

Tiara Byrd1,* J. West1, B. Dunn2, M. Buckles1, D. Bryan1, C. Russell1, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608.

Abstract

One of the major targets in anti‐HIV therapeutics is protease inhibition. In an attempt to develop anti‐HIV protease inhibitors, Dunn et. al. synthesized a series of unique peptides. In a previous computational work using molecular dynamics showed the flexibility of one of Dunn’s seven unit peptides, XI5. The flexibility was induced by the reduction of the central carbonyl in the peptide chain. It has been hypothesized that the flexibility of the XI5 inhibitor increases the anti‐HIV agents ability to overcome mutations in and outside of the active site of the HIV‐1 protease. In this work, we present derivatives of XI5 and compare the dynamic motion of these peptides to the parent compound. Using NVT ensemble molecular dynamics at a temperature ranges of 800K we examined the flexibility 4 other peptide anti‐HIV compounds. The elevated temperature allows for the exploration of the potential surface. The flexibility between the compounds at 300K and 800K will be compared.

178

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Purification And Identification Of A Bacterial Siderophore”

30

Toni‐Ann. R. Hylton , Peter D.R. Moeller2, Benjamin Neely3*

1Environmental Science Institute, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32317 2National Centers for Coastal and Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC 29412 3Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 1

Abstract

Siderophores are metal celators that are found in virtually all environments where they are produced by microorganisms, fungi, and most plants. Siderophores function to mediate the uptake of metal by the cells, which is important to the cell to maintain a balance of metals. The importance of understanding the complete structure and function of these compounds, will aid the understanding of biological systems as well as the use in pharmacology. Although a number of structures of siderophores have been identified, for this project, the purification and identification of this siderophore has unique qualities that indicate that this may be a novel structure, which include: it’s Streptomyces aureofaciens NR‐3 source, it’s negative test for trihydroximate (which most siderophores test positive for), and the Chrome‐Azurol‐S colormetric guided assay used to identify the presence of the siderophore.

The siderophore for this project was collect from Steed Pond, a settling basin off the Savannah River. After the gram positive bacteria was identified as Streptomyces aureofaciens NR‐3, the sample was assayed for any extracellular sequestration. Under iron limiting conditions, the bacteria produced siderophores. After six liters of culture was grown, an elutrophic series of solvents was used to determine methanol as the solvent of choice for this compound. The sample was run through a LH20 column with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and then flushed with methanol. The elutent was then run through specific columns with HPLC to develop the following purification scheme: two C18 columns, reverse phase; one platinum C18 column, reverse phase; one monosaccharide column, isocratic.

Through the use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with specific columns to purify the compound and Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Nuclear

179

POSTER ABSTRACTS Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to determine the structure of the compound, a glycoside has been determined. At this time the complete structure has not been determined.

Once the complete structure of the siderophore is determined, this siderophore will be tested for use in pharmacology to treat individuals with high levels of iron as well as used in environmental applications.

31

“Cloning, Expression And Purification Of Human Adiponectin Receptor, Adipor2 For Structural Analysis And Biochemical Assays”

Zainab Gulamabbas Ghadiyali* and Chasta Louise Parker1 1Dept of Chemistry, Physics and Geology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of physiological irregularities that include diabetes, obesity, heart failure risk etc, affects one in every five Americans. Adiponectin (Acrp30), a 30‐kDa complement related adipokinine is closely related to metabolic syndrome with high circulating levels of adiponectin shown to have a protective nature. AdipoR2, a recently discovered membrane receptor binds to full length and globular adiponectin to mediate AMP kinase activity, and to regulate fatty acid oxidation as well as glucose uptake. AdipoR2 has seven trans‐membrane domains and yet is structurally and functionally distinct from the more common seven trans‐ membrane domain receptors, the G‐coupled protein receptors. The goal of this project is to produce and purify a recombinant form of AdipoR2 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells for structural analysis and biochemical assays. We have successfully cloned AdipoR2 into a pIEx‐4tm vector (Novagen) and expressed it in Sf9 cells. We have successfully extracted the protein and purified it using an FPLC. We are now ready to begin structural analysis. Insight into the binding mechanism of AdipoR2 with adiponectin should help in the understanding of the physiology of metabolic syndrome leading to the introduction of novel treatment methods. The cloning experiments, the production and purification steps will be presented. This work was supported by the SC‐INBRE NIH grant and Winthrop University.

180

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Hydrogen Abstraction Of A Novel Manganese(IV) Complex Containing A

32

Dihydroxoy Ligand”

Antoinette Addison , Guochuan Yin1,2, Daryle H. Busch1

3

1The University of Kansas, Department of Chemistry, Lawrence, KS 66045.

2 Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Lawrence, KS 660047.

3 Florida A&M University, College of Arts and Science, Tallahassee, Florida

Abstract

Hydrogen atom transfer, as well as oxygen atom transfer, is among the most often studied topics in chemistry, not only because it helps us understand the basic events controlled by biological oxidases, but also because it is basic to the oil refining industry. Selective hydrogen atom abstraction from targeted substrates is a matter of high concern in chemical laboratories and in industry. Therefore, control and evaluation of hydrogen abstracting ability is of great interest in catalyst design.

A new manganese (IV) complex was successfully synthesized with a pair of hydroxy ligands, and electrochemistry demonstrated that this Mn(IV) is a gentle oxidant with a mid‐range redox potential. As one might expect, our current work seeks to provide understanding of the hydrogen abstracting ability of this manganese (IV) complex. The method we are using is to select some special substrates with known C‐H bond dissociation energies and to treat these substrates, individually, with the Mn(IV) complex and find out how strong a C‐H bond this Mn(IV) complex can break.

181

POSTER ABSTRACTS 33

“Synthesis Of Gallate Amides And Esters As A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive

Agent”

Corey J. Caldwell and Marion A. Franks, Ph.D*.

Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

Abstract

The term ʺchemopreventionʺ is coined for cancer prevention and cancer control by use of naturally occurring and/or synthetic compounds. Others have shown that the gallic acid structure is common in the framework of most of the potent chemopreventive isoflavones. More importantly, the goal of our project is to determine whether naturally occurring or synthetic gallic acid agents will completely prevent, block, or reverse the occurrence of cancer. Since chemotherapy and surgery have not been fully effective against the high incidence or low survival rate of most of the cancers, the approach we are suggesting has promising benefits. In that we suspect that the derivatization of gallic acid will enhance phase II liver enzyme production, thereby allowing the excretion of harmful electrophiles and free‐radicals. Therefore, our hypothesis is that derivatized gallic acid will enhance phase II liver enzyme production. We have successfully synthesized gallate esters using various methods of esterifications including: Fischer esterification, thionyl chloride catalysis, as well as boric acid catalysis. In addition we have used boric acid to catalyze the synthesis of gallate amides. We have determined that boric acid catalyzed reactions provide very good yields (80‐95%) and may give a new methodology for the synthesis of many types of carboxylic acid derivatized gallates. Our results suggest that gallate esters and gallate amides have the potential to be not only feasible but also easily synthesized chemopreventive agents for human cancers. Therefore, the different types of esterification have been compared to determine which method will give the best product yield and purity for our potential gallate chemopreventive agents. These studies very strongly support our hypothesis that gallates are bioactive chemopreventive agents. Our colleague has shown that newly synthesized gallates was used with hepa1c1c7 mouse liver cells and showed NQO1 activity as a potential liver biomarker. Therefore, we will further discern the efficacy of our synthesized gallate chemopreventive agent properties through a human derived liver cell culture model, using HEPG2 cells.

182

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Interaction Energies Of Carbon And Aluminum Electrodes With Organic Electronics”

34

Charlyne Jean1,* R. Parker2, and J. Edwards1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Ubiquitous Technologies Inc., Victoria, Texas, 77903.

Abstract

One of the fundamental research questions in organic electronics is the interactions at the interface between the electrode and the conducting organic system. The efficiency of the electronic devices depends significantly on the ability of the conjugated material system to conduct electrons to the electrode. The degree to which this is accomplished is affected by the interactions at these sites. This work will present results from quantum mechanical calculations on the surfaces of electrodes (Aluminum and Carbon graphite sheets) sandwiching various conducting polymers and/or organic molecules. The results will first employ molecular dynamics simulations to generate stable surface interface models to which the quantum mechanics will be applied. The interaction energies of these systems will be compared. Larger interaction energies should be associated with greater potential for charge conductance.

“Intercalation of Organic Clay Mimics” 35

Cecilia Washington1,* and A. Beatty1 1Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 36297

Abstract

The synthesis of three different layered compounds will be discussed with 3,5 pyrazoledicarboxylic acid and Benzylamine, 3‐chlorobenzylamine or 4‐ chlorobenzylamine as the layered crystals. Each of the solids was tested for the ability to intercalate small organic molecules. Specifically, each crystal was sonicated in the presence of toluene and phenol for two hours. Once the sonication was concluded a TGA and NMR test was used to determine whether intercalation of the guest between the clay mimic layers would occur. Results of the intercalation experiments for the phenol guest will be discussed. A further project was begun to determine whether co‐ crystals would form with the molecules that was used as fungicides. Three fungicides were chosen based on their ability to interact through hydrogen bonding with a second, complimentary molecule. The structures and co‐crystallization reactions will be discussed.

183

POSTER ABSTRACTS

36

“New Organic Semiconductors For Electronics And Optoelectronics”

Eilaf Ahmed, Alejandro L. Briseno, Werner Kaminsky, Younan Xia, and Samson A. Jenekhe* Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195‐1750

Abstract

A novel class of ladder‐type organic semiconductors, indolo{1,2‐a}quinoline is being investigated for applications that includes organic light emitting diodes and thin film effect transistors. This class of semiconductor exhibit high carrier mobility of ~1 cm2/ Vs and on/off ratio of 105. An intramolecular cyclization resulting in seven‐fused rings via a novel synthetic route, crystal structure, and properties of tetraphenyl bis {2,5‐ indolo} quinolines (TPBIQ) are reported for the first time. The highly fused system shows a planar geometry with excellent π‐π stacking. In addition this molecule has high stability in electrochemistry and thermal properties.

37

“Mechano‐Chemical Synthesis And Analysis Of Zinc Pyrogallol [4] Arene Complex Under Solvent‐Free And Ambient Conditions”

Harry E. Tabi1, Nicholas P. Power2 and Jerry L. Atwood 2* 1Southern University at New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70126 2University of Missouri ‐ Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211

Abstract

Herein, we report a solvent‐free approach for chemical synthesis which focuses on mechanochemically forming products from reactants under ambient conditions. With this protocol, several organo‐metallic complexes or frameworks of zinc and pyrogallol[4]arenes were synthesized and analyzed with MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry combined with solid state carbon thirteen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13CNMR). This synthetic approach is in line with the synthetic methodology of green chemistry which focuses on eco‐friendly chemical synthesis or synthetic routes.

184

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Diels‐Alder Synthesis Using Microwave Chemistry”

38

Nikia M. Smith, Dr. Yousef M. Hijji* Morgan State University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract

The Diels‐Alder reaction is a cyclo‐addition reaction of a conjugated diene and a dienophile producing a substituted cyclohexene‐ring. Diels‐Alder reactions posses a high degree of regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity making it widely used in synthetic organic chemistry. The importance and functionality of these products and the advantages of microwave application are the focus of this project.

The use of the microwave reduces time and cost as well as increasing the efficiency of the reactions. The microwaves couple directly with the molecules that are present in the reaction, leading to a rapid rise in temperature.1 Energy is not wasted in heating oil baths and the entire volume of the reaction can be heated uniformly. The new Explorer Microwave is even more efficient than the conventional microwave because it can also regulate the temperature, pressure, and power of the reaction.

We are presenting the results of the reactions of furan, substituted furan, oxazoles, 1,3‐cyclohexadienes, with acetylenic dienophiles as diethylacetylendicarboxylate (DEAD), diphenylacetylene and (bis)trimethylsilyl acetylene. The reactions that have been completed using the conventional method are being transferred and optimized in to the Explorer Microwave. The conversions of furan, oxazole, and cyclohexadiene to disubstituted furan and disubstituded benzene using DEAD were achieved in good yields. While less reactive dienophiles that are microwave transparent show no reaction under solventless conditions, as the temperature of the mixture did not reach the required level to cause a reaction. The reactions were investigated with or without the presence of solvents. The effect of ionic liquids was tested. An example of the reactions is presented in Scheme I.

In conclusion, Diels‐Alder retro Diels‐ Alder reaction was successful with DEAD to give high yields of substituted furans and benzenes. We are optimizing the reactions and experimenting with various solvents to affect the reactions progress for the less reactive dienophiles.

Scheme I: Diels‐Alder retro Diels Alder reaction of furan under microwave conditions.

185

POSTER ABSTRACTS R1

R1

X

O

Microwaves O

R2

Furan

R1

X X

+

O

X

Acetylene

R2

X X

R2

Intermediate

Product

1) Haynes, B., 2002, Microwave Synthesis‐Chemistry at the Speed of Light, Matthews, NC: CEM Publishing, 17.

39

“Synthesis And Characterization Of Amide Derivatives Of Gallic Acid For

Studies In Prostate Cancer”

Nicole Washington, Claudia Mouamba, and Oladapo Bakare*

Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059

Abstract Studies show that natural antioxidants are found within foods, such as vegetables and fruits, and are assumed to be the causative effect of their ability to decrease the frequency of certain cancers. Gallic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant that has been reported to possess anti‐mutagenic and anti‐carcinogenic activities along with several structurally related compounds. For example, a series of novel galloyl pyrrolidine derivatives were recently synthesized as potential anti‐tumor agents. In our studies on the chemical transformation of gallic acid into novel anticancer agents, we have designed the synthesis of some amide derivatives of gallic acid for studies in our prostate cancer screening program. The reaction of gallic acid with excess dimethyl sulfate produced trimethylgallic acid which was converted to the acid chloride derivative using thionyl chloride. In‐situ reaction of the acid chloride with various amines produced a library of amide derivatives. These compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS).

186

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Synthesis, Characterization And Cytotoxic Studies Of 1‐Benzamido‐ Anthraquinone Derivatives”

Olubunmi Ogunwole, Yasmine Kanaan, Robert Copeland, Jr., Innocent Ononiwu and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA

40

Abstract

Small organic molecules possessing the quinone moiety represents one of the largest classes of anti‐tumor agents. For example, anthracycline antibiotics are among the most clinically used anticancer agents. We have found 2‐chloro‐3‐dibutyrylamino‐ 1,4‐naphthoquinone to possess excellent inhibitory activities against certain protein kinases and consequently exhibited selective cytotoxicity against renal cancer and certain prostate cancer cell lines. Others have reported the anti‐platelet, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic activities of 2‐acetamido‐3‐chloro‐ 1,4‐naphthoquinone and its analogs. In our drug design and synthesis of novel anticancer agents for studies in prostate cancer cell lines, 2‐benzamido‐3‐chloro‐1,4‐ naphthoquinone was found to display interesting anticancer properties. This led us to investigate structural requirements for the optimization of the activities of this class of compounds on prostate cancer cells. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 1‐benzamidoanthraquinone derivatives on some androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines.

The benzamidoanthraquinone derivatives were obtained in a straight forward way by refluxing 1‐aminoanthraquinone with various acid chlorides. The crude products were easily recrystallized from methanol or ethanol and analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.

187

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Synthesis And Characterization Of A Twelve‐Member Library Of Fatty Acid And

41

Amide Derivatives Of Morpholino Dithiocarbamate Ester”

Patrick Rogers and Oladapo Bakare*

Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

Small organic molecules that contain the dithiocarbamate ester functional group possess interesting biological properties including anti‐carcinogenic activity. For example, Brassinin, a dithiocarbamate‐containing natural product from cabbage has been reported to possess cancer chemo‐preventive activities. Further, brassinin and several of its derivatives have been shown to posses inhibitory activities on indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, a new cancer immunosuppression target. In this study, solution phase parallel synthesis was used to synthesize a twelve‐member library of fatty acid and amide derivatives of morpholino dithiocarbamate ester. These compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS) to confirm the synthesis of each compound in the library. This study will increase our understanding of the structural requirements for the dithiocarbamate‐containing small organic molecules in our prostate cancer drug development program.

42

“Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis And Characterization Of A Twelve‐Member

Library Of Dimethyldithiocarbamate Ester Derivatives”

Tolulope A. Adesiyun and Oladapo Bakare* Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059.

Abstract

The natural product brassinin has been found to possess favorable biological properties, including anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐mutagenic properties. The brassinin structure contains the dithiocarbamate moiety which has been found to possess several interesting biological properties including anti‐cancer activities. Brassinin has also been shown to be a moderate inhibitor of the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3‐ dioxygenase (IDO), a new cancer immunosuppression target. The dithiocarbamate portion of brassinin was found to play a crucial role in facilitating the inhibition. In

188

POSTER ABSTRACTS 42 this study, we attempted to develop dithiocarbamate‐containing small organic molecules with enhanced biological activities. Solution‐phase parallel synthesis was employed to synthesize a twelve‐member library of dithiocarbamate ester derivatives of dimethylamine using the Radley’s Carousel Reaction Station. The potassium dithiocarbamate salt formed by reacting dimethylamine with carbon disulfide in ethanolic KOH was reacted with twelve different alkylating agents in parallel to furnish the library of dithiocarbamte esters. The compounds obtained are being analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This study will increase our understanding of the structural requirements for the dithiocarbamate‐containing small organic molecules in our prostate cancer drug development program.

“Synthesis, Characterization And Cytotoxic Studies Of Naphthalen‐2‐Yl‐Benzamide 43 Derivatives”

Vonetta M. Williams*, Yasmine Kanaan, Robert Copeland, Jr., Innocent Ononiwu and Oladapo Bakare*

Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA

Abstract

Biological studies on 2‐acetamido‐3‐chloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and its analogs revealed anti‐platelet, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic activities. Similarly, 2‐ chloro‐3‐dibutyrylamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone was found to possess inhibitory activities against certain protein kinases and consequently exhibited selective cytotoxicity against renal cancer cell lines. In our drug design and synthesis of novel anticancer agents for studies in our prostate cancer program, 2‐benzamido‐3‐chloro‐ 1,4‐naphthoquinone was found to display interesting anticancer properties. This led us to investigate structural requirements for the optimization of this class of compounds.

In this study, we have designed and synthesized some naphthalene‐2‐yl benzamide derivatives for biological evaluation, particularly as potential anti‐prostate cancer agents. The compounds were synthesized by reacting 2‐aminonaphthalene with various acid chlorides. The synthesis and biological evaluation on PC3 and LNCap prostate cancer cell lines are reported in this paper.

189

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Stability Of N12C12H12 Cages And The Effects Of Endohedral Atoms And Ions”

44

DeAna McAdory, Jacqueline Jones, Ami Gilchrist, Danielle Shields, Ramola Langham, Kasha Casey, and Douglas L. Strout.

Alabama State University, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36101

Abstract

Cages of carbon and nitrogen have been studied by theoretical calculations to determine the potential of these molecules as high energy density materials.

Following previous theoretical studies of high‐energy N6C6H6 and N8C8H8 cages, a series of calculations on several isomers of the larger N12C12H12 are carried out to determine relative stability among a variety of three‐coordinate cage isomers with four‐membered, five‐membered, and/or six‐membered rings. Additionally, calculations are carried out on the same molecules with atoms or ions inside the cage. Trends in stability with respect to cage geometry and arrangements of atoms are calculated and discussed. Stability effects caused by the endohedral atoms and ions are also calculated and discussed.

“Ab Initio Studies of the Excited States of Small Halogenated Compounds” 45

Dwight T. McGee1,* K. Tooks, J. Francisco2, V. Morris3, and J. Edwards1

1

Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 3Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

Abstract

Original work by some of the authors in this study on the geometry. vibrational frequencies and other properties of XBr (where X=H, F, Cl, and Br) along with the work of theoretical work of the Dixon group on the thermochemical calculations of small halogenated compounds has prompted this group to examine excited states of some of these same species. The excited states will be studied using advanced techniques in Coupled Cluster theory, MRCI, and Density Functional Theory.

190

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Ab Initio Studies Of The Excited States Of Small Halogenated Compounds”

46

K. Tooks,1 * Dwight T. McGee1 J. Francisco2, V. Morris3, and J. Edwards1

1

Department of Chemistry, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307.

2Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 3Howard University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20059

Abstract

Original work by some of the authors in this study on the geometry. vibrational frequencies and other properties of XBr (where X=H, F, Cl, and Br) along with the work of theoretical work of the Dixon group on the thermochemical calculations of small halogenated compounds has prompted this group to examine excited states of some of these same species. The excited states will be studied using advanced techniques in Coupled Cluster theory, and Density Functional Theory.

“Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Graphite‐Polypropylene Nanocomposites” 47

Rozlyn N. Chambliss* and Melissa S. Reeves

Tuskegee University, Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee, AL 36088

Abstract

Over the past few years much research has been focused on combining carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polymers in order to enhance the strength of the polymer. The main difficulty with these nanocomposites is the agglomeration of CNTs due to the strong van der Waals forces between them. In this study, atomistic simulations of polypropylene (PP) interacting with a graphite sheet were examined as a model of the relationship of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and PP. Molecular dynamics simulations using Accelrys Materials Studio were used to examine the structures, elastic moduli, and interfacial energies of polypropylene and graphite. Pair correlation functions between PP, graphite, and modifier (3,3‐diethylhexyl) revealed that the modifier has significantly greater association with PP when compared to the graphite, which was expected. The static mechanical properties show little change among systems, possibly because the method used assumes isotropic behavior.

191

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Cyclophanes as a means for removal of PAHs from solution”

48

Christopher W. Davies* and Thandi Buthelezi Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101

Abstract

Host‐guest interactions in the cyclophane‐PAH systems—where the PAHs are benzene and anthracene—have been investigated in dichloromethane. A portable spectrofluorometer is ideal for measuring fluorescent contaminants in water samples on‐site. Using the OceanOptics Spectrofluorometer (OS) the emission spectrum of anthracene in dichloromethane has been measured. Most PAHs have a very low solubility in water, hence, modifications to the OS is needed to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and the detection limit. A significant number of PAHs absorb in the ultra‐violet region, however, only visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) are currently available. In our initial investigations we have used the Shimadzu spectrofluorometer and spectrophotometer. Association constants, Ka, thermodynamic properties, and molecular modeling optimized structures of these systems will be presented. Results reveal that the binding of benzene guest is favored by cyclophane‐2 whereas the binding of anthracene guest is favored by cyclophane‐3.

“Enhanced Synthesis Of Heptamethine Cyanine Derivatives For The Detection Of 49 Altered Cell Populations”

Divine N. Kebulu*, Dr. Angela Winstead☼, Dr. Dwayne Hill® and Dr. Richard Williams☼. ☼ Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 ®Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract

Various milestone discoveries in the characterization of altered cells have had important consequences. These discoveries have led to the advancement of imaging procedures that are less invasive, easily accessible and with a high detection sensitivity and selectivity. Our approach is built upon previous researches with more emphasis on investigating the synthesis, the spectroscopic characterization and the application of heptamethine cyanine derivatives in optical imaging. The employed synthetic strategy we have used relies on the

192

POSTER ABSTRACTS 49 efficient application of microwave irradiation that offered a reduction in the reaction time from 3‐24 hours in the previous conventional methods to about 2 to 4 minutes. In the synthesis of NIR‐1, a 70 percent yield was achieved through the manipulation of time at a constant temperature of 1600C of the microwave explorer. Comparison made of the past conventional synthetic methods of similar NIR‐1 dyes with our method showed significant differences.

Cl

Cl

Ph N

Ph N

N

N

HOH2CH2C

Salt precursor

N HOH2CH2C

CH2CH2OH

Aniline chloride

NIR-1 dye

Fig 1: Synthesis of NIR‐1

The spectroscopic parameters of NIR‐1 were studied and the results obtained showed absorption maximal at 789nm wavelength. The molar absorptivity of 1.5212 X 105 M‐1 cm‐1 of NIR‐1 obtained confirmed its high optical imaging ability. Furthermore, the calculated stoke shift of 35nm demonstrated the fluorescence detectability of NIR‐1 in optical imaging. Preliminary investigations of the application of NIR‐1 in optical imaging of altered cells was done together with studies on the effective substitution of the vinyl chloride with other functional groups as a means to optimize their selectivity and sensitivity.

POSTER CANCLLED 50 51 “Establishing A Relationship Between The Viscosity Of Degraded ATF And Its 1H‐NMR Spectra” Joy R. Speaks *, Kathryn A. Sims*, and Shawn M. Abernathy, Ph.D Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059

Abstract

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) undergoes an array of physical and chemical changes due to the thermal degradation of the lubricant during routine engine operation. ATF is an important automobile lubricant since the majority of cars and trucks on US roads have automatic transmissions. The resulting complex mixture contains a number of hazardous species that are a threat to the environment and the public health. In this investigation, we seek to establish a correlation between the 1H‐ NMR spectra of thermally degraded ATF and its viscosity. Degraded ATF was produced in the laboratory by the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to ATF 193

POSTER ABSTRACTS 51 (Valvoline) followed by continuous stirring and heating between 100 ‐ 140°C. The results were contrasted to fresh ATF. The results obtained in this study should provide useful insight into relative the toxicity of the mixture and its environmental impact.

“Pipe Dreams: Construction of an Acoustic Array” 52

Odinaka Ezeokoli*, Amy Turns, Marshall Johnson, Corey McTeer; Dr. Ken C McGill Department of Chemistry & Physics, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, 31061

Abstract

A method for constructing an acoustic array has been designed. The array consists of 128 channels spatially aligned 2 inches apart from center to center. Each channel is connected to a 16 bit ADC. Recent progress includes development of a microphone circuit, mounting of amplifiers, and ADCs. Currently, planning and effort is being directed toward sealing and testing of microphones and investigation of GPIB software.

53 “Ultrasonic Dispersion of Temperature Programmed Synthesized Molybdenum and Tungsten Carbide Nanocrystallites”

Oscar N. Mvula, Leroy Covington, Jr., Aruna S. Arunagiri, and Kenneth L. Roberts, Ph.D.*.

Department of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University

Abstract

This group first reported the synthesis of molybdenum nitride ( ‐Mo2N) nanocrystallites using a two‐step process of temperature programmed synthesis with subsequent ultrasonic irradiation of aqueous slurries [1]. ‐Mo2N has been observed to exhibit a crystallographically‐aligned, layered nanostructured ceramic with nanocrystallites in the range from 4 to 15 nm using TEM and STM measurements [2].

Previous work has reported the synthesis of ceramic nanocrystallites from the powders of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) and tungsten carbide (WC) prepared by means of a temperature programmed synthesis (TPS) method using mixtures of

194

POSTER ABSTRACTS 53 methane and hydrogen gas [3]. Dispersed nanocrystallites of Mo2C and WC powders were synthesized via ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonic dispersion of metal carbide powders was employed by creating slurries of the metal carbides with deionized water and subjecting the samples to ultrasound energy by means of an ultrasonic horn.

This paper will report the effects of the reaction conditions, reactant gases, and synthesis temperature on the characteristics of metal carbide products. Mo2C, MoC, and WC powders were synthesized by means of the temperature programmed synthesis (TPS) method using mixtures of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas.

After temperature programmed synthesis the products were ultrasonically irradiated in aqueous slurries. The metal carbides were characterized before and after ultrasonic irradiation using room temperature X‐Ray Diffraction (RTXRD), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

“Control Of The Morphology Of Comples Semiconductor Nanocrystals With A 54 Type‐II Hetero‐Junction, Dots Vs. Peanuts, By Thermal Cycling”

Bridgette Blackman*, David Battaglia, and Xiaogang Peng Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,USA

Abstract

Complex type‐II CdSe/CdTe core/shell and CdS/CdSe/CdTe quantum well nanocrystals were synthesized by a new modified SILAR technique that incorporates thermal cycling. The addition of thermal cycling was designed to control the monomer activity during shell growth. Experimental results revealed that the standard SILAR along with this new modification produced One‐ Dimensional (1D) nanocrystals or core/shell type‐II nanocrystals (Figure 1).

50nm 50nm 50nm

SILAR SILAR +

only

Thermal Cycling

CdSe/CdTe dots CdSe/CdTe peanuts CdSe core dots

Figure 1. Growth of CdSe/CdTe hetero-junction nanocrystals under different reaction

d

195

POSTER ABSTRACTS 54 The growth of these heterostructures was verified by electron microscope images (Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)), controlled etching experiments, and optical spectroscopy. The optical properties observed for the 1D and core/shell nanocrystals were similar, despite their difference in shape. The quantum dots produced were confirmed as a core/shell structure with a type‐II hetero‐junction instead of an alloy. For the quantum well structure, the PL peak positions were tunable by varying the shell thickness, but not substantial for the quantum dots. The thickness of the outer CdTe shell influenced the photochemical and chemical stability. For the materials reported, the overall optical properties had a PL QY in the range between 30‐60%.

“Powder Casting Stabilization Over Colloid Deposition” For Layer‐By‐Layer

55

Assembly”

Daniel Abebe and Tarek Farhat*

Chemistry Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee

Abstract

Powder casting layer by layer (LBL) stabilization [PCLS] method has significant advantages for thin film powder casting over the mechanical colloid deposition system [LCD]. The significance of using manual layer by layer stabilization of the powder films are, that a successful manual deposition can be directly adapted for automated deposition in future work using the “Automated Flow Deposition System.” PCLS was conducted through a process of alternate manual deposition of two polyelectrolytes of opposite charges, and rinsing cycles in between polyelectrolyte deposition with Deionized water. The PCLS method was able to deposit thin powder films by relating mass of powder used to area of substrate, and casts a very thin LBL film (i.e. few nano or micro meters) over the powder film to cement the powder particles together.

196

POSTER ABSTRACTS “The Effects Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes On The Properties Of Epoxy‐

56

Nanocomposities Systems”

Merlin Theodore*, Dr. Mahesh Hosur, Jonathan Thomas

Tuskegee University Tuskegee University Center for Advanced Materials Tuskegee, AL 36088

Abstract

The effects of various functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of an epoxy based nanocomposite system were investigated. Chemical functionalization of MWCNT by oxidation (MWCNT‐COOH), direct‐fluorination (MWCNT‐F), and amino‐ functionalization (MWCNT‐NH2) were confirmed by FTIR, Raman spec, and TGA. Utilizing in‐situ polymerization a 1 wt% loading of MWCNT was used to prepare the epoxy‐based nanocomposites. Chemical Functionalization improves dispersion, processing, and compatibility of MWCNT when blended in an epoxy matrix. Thus, leading to a possible increase in concentration of cross linking which dramatically increases the strength, modulus, and electrical conductivity of the composite. Compare to the neat, nanocomposites prepared with MWCNT‐COOH and MWCNT‐ NH2, showed an 8%, and 17% increase in strength, and a 37% and 17% increase in modulus, respectively. A decrease in strength was observed for the MWCNT‐F nanocomposites.

The premature degradation is presumably catalyzed by hydrofluoric acid, HF, which evolves from the MWCNT‐F during the curing process. However, only the MWCNT‐F nanocomposites showed a significant increase of 22% in thermal properties (Tg). The effects of chemical functionalization also increases the curing rate from 6.1x 10^‐ 3/mins, to 9.2x10^‐3/min, 6.9x10^‐3/min, 6.8x10^‐3/min for the MWCNT‐COOH, MWCNT‐F, and MWCNT‐ NH2 epoxy based nanocomposites system, respectively.

197

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Electrospinning Of Block Copolypeptide Blends”

57

Larrisha R. Nobles , Richard J. Spontak , Xiaoyu Sun Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607 Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606

Abstract

Currently, no single‐step method exists to functionalize the surface of nanofibers.

Therefore, this project explores the possibility by which to achieve one‐step surface modification through electrospinning.

Electrospinning is a process wherein fibers ranging in size from tens of nanometers to tens of microns are generated by using an electric field to spin a polymer solution or melt. The resultant ultra‐thin fibers produced in this fashion are ideally suited for various and diverse applications due to their large ratio of surface area to volume.

Potential biomedical applications, in particular, include tissue scaffolds and wound dressings. The objective of this research is to fabricate surface‐biofunctionalized nanofibers composed of several different polymers (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) via addition of novel bio‐organic block co‐oligopeptides synthesized by collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces in Germany. The effects of added co‐oligopeptide on fiber morphology and chemistry are deduced by scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Current objectives of this research project include identification of additional compatible polymers for use as the fiber‐forming polymer and determination of optimal electrospinning parameters and solution characteristics.

The results to be presented examine the electrospinning of PMMA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), both of which are compatible with the poly(ethylene oxide) block of the co‐oligopeptide.

198

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Effect Of Polymer Based Surfactants On Particle Size Growth In Aqueous

58

Ferrofluids” Nicole Gray1, Amber Windham2, David Heaps2, and Paige Phillips2 IAlabama State University, Department of Physical Sciences, Montgomery, AL 36117, 2The University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hattiesburg, MS 39406

Abstract

Ferrofluids are liquids that become polarized when in the presence of a magnetic field.

In other words, ferrofluids are liquids that have magnetic properties when in contact with a magnetic field (such as a magnet). Research has shown that adding additives during particle nucleation and growth stages affect final ferrofluid stability and particle size. The additives primarily focused in this paper are polyionics poly (acrylic acid). The polymer surfactants are NUOSPERSE 605L, a sodium salt and NUOSPERSE 504L, an ammonium salt. Our goal is to produce stabilized iron oxide ferrofluids having small particle size and narrow size distributions. Ferrofluids with the added surfactants were characterized by light scattering, the optical microscope, and TEM studies. Stability of ferrofluids was also studied to see the affects of adding polymer surfactants to aqueous ferrofluids. Also polymer surfactants NUOSPERSE 605L and NUOSPERSE 504L were compared to determine the best polymer surfactant to reduce particle size in aqueous ferrofluids. Future potential applications for core‐shell ferrofluids include magnetic separations, sensors, chem.‐bio defense, wound management/medical agents, imaging, and polymer additives.

“Reduction of Rhenium (V) Oxo Schiff Base Complexes with Triphenyl

59

Phosphine Ligands” Nebiat Sisay1 and Silivia S. Jurrison*2 1Southern University at New Orleans, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA 70126 2University of Missouri ‐ Columbia, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211

Abstract

Pioneering techniques for therapeutic treatment of cancers involve targeting cancer sites with strong beta‐emitting radio‐nuclides, so the radiation can destroy the cancer cells. This can be achieved by attaching the radioisotope by linking it to a 199

POSTER ABSTRACTS 59

specific biologically active targeting molecule which interacts specifically with particular cancer cells. It is necessary to have extremely stable in vivo radionuclide complexes which can be conjugated to be suitable biological targeting agents. The biological targeting molecules, referred to as ʺlinkers,ʺ target the cancer cells. The precision of the targeting molecule (linker molecule) depends on how kinetically inert the compound is while it is attached to the ligand. This will maximize the chances of targeting the cancer cells and hence minimize affecting normal cells. This research focuses on the synthesis and hypothetical pathways of potential targeting agents, ReIII derivatives.

60

“Examination Of A Potentially Exfoliated Nanocomposite”

Racquel C. Jemison*, Solomon Tadesse, Dr. Alvin P. Kennedy Morgan State University, Chemistry Department, Baltimore, MD 21251

Abstract

Nanocomposites are a relatively new type of polymer composed of inorganic nanoclays as fillers. Nanoclays can be polymerized with resins and curing agents to form polymers with superior strength, heat resistance and barrier properties. The long term objective of this project is to monitor the degree of exfoliation of nanocomposites as well as the polymerization process in situ. Several experiments are being performed to reach this overall goal. The first examines the Tg (glass transition temperature), polymerization exotherm, and extent of reaction of two thermosets: Epon 828 and 825 cured with 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The results showed how resins of higher molecular weights and longer cure times yield higher Tgs.

The second experiment focused on exfoliating a nanoclay to polymerize with Epon 828 and DDM. Past studies on nanocomposites have found that sonication is the most effective method, and was utilized in this experiment. Two nanocomposites were prepared, one that was heated prior to sonication and one that was not. When examining the Tgs and polymerization exotherms, the Tg had a slight increase with the addition of a nanoclay while there was a minimal difference in polymerization exotherm. Dried nanoclays produced slightly higher glass transition temperatures. In order to determine the best length of time for curing of the nanocomposites and thermosets, they were both placed in isothermal cure for various amounts of time.

This is vital for examination of the nanocomposites with X‐Ray diffraction and as a result, determination of whether complete exfoliation has occurred or not.

200

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Monodisperse Thioether‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity”

61

Ruel Freemantle and Sherine O. Obare* Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Abstract

Size control of 1.7 nm and 3.5 nm monodisperse palladium nanoparticles was accomplished using thioethers as stabilizing ligands in a one‐step procedure.

Modulation of the reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, and carbon chain length of the thioether provided control over the nanoparticle size and size distribution. The resulting Pd nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, HRTEM and XRD. 1H NMR spectroscopy provided insight into the thioether‐Pd nanoparticle surface interaction. Suzuki coupling and hydrogenation reactions were carried out using the as‐synthesized Pd nanoparticles, however, recovery of the nanoparticles following subsequent reactions was rather challenging. In addition, the Pd nanoparticle reactivity decreased significantly following the first catalytic reaction.

Immobilization of the Pd nanoparticles onto commercial SiO2, resulted in rapid and efficient catalysis, successful recovery of the Pd nanoparticles, and furthermore, the nanoparticles could be used up to 5 times with no measurable decrease in catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the utility of thioether ligands for the synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles that are efficient catalysts for various organic transformations.

“Fluorescence‐Based Pesticide Detection”

62

TaJay L. Haywood and Sherine O. Obare* Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Abstract

Frequent use of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural lands has resulted in their presence as residuals in food products and has further led to their migration into underground aquifers. Typical organophosphorus pesticide concentrations that flow into aquifers and other aqueous waste range from 10,000 to 1 ppm.

Organophosphorus‐based pesticides are extremely dangerous to human health; they are powerful inhibitors of esterase enzymes, such as acetyl‐ and butyryl‐ cholinesterase, or neurotoxic esterase, which are involved in nerve function. There‐

201

POSTER ABSTRACTS 62 fore, there is an urgent need to develop materials that not only detect pecticides, but that can also discriminate between them. The creation of new materials for sensing and actuation requires careful manipulation of the responsive units required to control analyte selectivity. We have developed molecular fluorescence sensors that detect and discriminate between various organophosphorus pesticides and their degradation products. The sensors are designed to produce dual optical and electrochemical signal outputs with the aim of reducing false positive signals. These sensors operate in real‐ time and have parts‐per‐billion detection limits. The design, synthesis and mechanism of detection of this new class of sensors will be presented.

63

“Cytotoxicity Of Carbon Nanomaterials”

1 Tiffany N. Taylor , Derrick Dean2, Roberta Troy3, and Pamela M. Leggett‐Robinson1* 1Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, AL 36088, 2Material Science, University of Alabama‐Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 3Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee Institute, AL 36088

Abstract

The emerging potential of carbon nanomaterials in biomedical applications is cause for the scientific and medical community to gain an understanding of their toxicity. Pure carbon nanomaterials are insoluble and can hazardously accumulate in cells. Previous studies have shown that functionalizing carbon nanomaterials with hydrophilic groups increases solubility and decreases cytotoxicity, rendering them more biocompatible. In this research, multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were modified with water soluble functional groups and toxicity was tested in vitro on African American breast cancer cells.

202

POSTER ABSTRACTS “The Incorporation Of Self Healing Science Into Bone Cement” 64

Tabitha Wilhoite1, Gerald Wilson*2, Dr. Jeffrey Moore2 1 Department of Chemistry, 2 Department of Material Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Il 61801

Abstract

Self‐healing science has been demonstrated in an epoxy matrix. Work is currently under way to incorporate the concept of self‐healing with bone cement. The polymerization reaction proceeds via a free‐radical polymerization. Benzoyl peroxide was used as the initiator; a tertiary amine is used as the activator and a multifunctional and mono‐functional monomer mixture is used as the monomer.

Since its invention by Charnley 46 years ago, self‐curing bone cements have had extensive biomedical applications. Several variations of Charnley’s original self‐curing cement formulation are used in orthopedic surgery for the fixation of jointprostheses, in neurosurgery to repair skull defects, and in dentistry as a part of dental composites to name a few. However, this conventional self‐curing cement formulation is known to have an array of disadvantages that include stiffness mismatch between the bone cement and the contiguous bone, volume shrinkage, high polymerization exotherm, as well as mechanical problems associated with the cement‐ bone interface and adverse biological responses due to leaching of low molecular weight residuals out of the cement system. This work is geared towards improving the bone‐cement formulation by incorporating self‐healing polymer science as a way to extend the mechanical lifetime as well as developing a novel class of tertiary amine promoters that will not leach out of the cement construct into surrounding tissues.

203

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Phase Transition Extraction Of Mixtures With A Critical Point Of Miscibility” 65

Vlora Gerguri, Filomena Califano* Chemistry and Physics Department, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY 11201

Abstract

After quenching, a partially miscible, initially homogeneous, critical liquid mixture to a temperature T deeply below its critical point of miscibility in a small vertical cell (4cm long), phase separation was very rapid, even in presence of coalescence retardants. We observed the formation of rapidly coalescing droplets, whose size grows linearly with time, thus indicating that the phase separation process is driven by convection. Eventually, when their size reaches a critical length, which is roughly equal to one‐tenth of the capillary length, the nucleating drops start sedimenting and the two phases rapidly segregate by gravity. This behavior was observed for both density‐segregated and quasi‐isopycnic systems, showing that gravity cannot be the driving force responsible for the enhancement of the coalescence among the nucleating drops.

This result is in line with previous theoretical works (F. Califano et al.) based on the diffuse interface model, predicting that the phase separation of low‐viscosity liquid mixtures is a convection‐driven process, induced by a body force which is proportional to the chemical potential gradients.

Complete phase separation was observed occurring on a 10 cm scale even in the absence of buoyancy due to unidirectional, large‐scale rapid bulk flow. Using a 20‐cm‐ long condenser tube with a 1 cm diameter, we observed the rapid vertical migration of the discontinuous phase of both our mixtures. These flows lead to complete phase segregation within 10s, with the formation of a single interface perpendicular to the vertical direction. The lower the temperature used to quench, the faster phase separation was.

The results described in this work, show that this motion is not due to conventional thermo‐capillary migration but it is driven by chemical potential gradients. These results could open up new possibilities for studying flows in a microgravity environment and opportunities for practical applications in separation processes.

204

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Investigation of the Dynamic Melt Rheology of GRC‐A‐Zeolite L Mixtures”

66

T. Renee Brown1, Donald Hylton1, Eric A. Mintz1*, Conrad Ingram1, and Kathy C. Chuang2

1

Center for High Performance Polymers and Composites Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. S.W. Atlanta, GA 30314 2 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135

Abstract

Phenylethynyl terminated imides (PETI) are high temperature, high performance matrix resins that can be processed into composites by various methods including resin transfer molding (RTM). PETI resins have experienced extremely rapid development and growth in recent years, with a major emphasis placed on engineering applications that take advantage of their high Tg, high thermooxidative stability, high strength to weight ratio, and outstanding mechanical properties. In recent years the addition of nanoparticles to resin systems has been shown to further enhance mechanical properties and thermooxidative stability. Nanostructured zeolites having uniform pore sizes with rigid pore structures are a particularly interesting additive to examine. Zeolite L contains predominantly straight channels with few intersections. We have investigated the melt rheology of GRC‐A, a phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomers, with various loadings of zeolite L. We have found that the presence of zeolite L increases the viscosity and rate of viscosity increase of GRC‐A in dynamic melt rheology experiments relative to neat GRC‐A. The viscosity, degree of cure, and activation energy for intimate mixtures of GRC‐A and zeolite L were investigated and compared unfilled GRC‐A.

205

POSTER ABSTRACTS 67

“The Journey To Science And Technology College Degrees”

Edith L. Blackwell* Morgan State University, Mathematics and Science Division, Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract

In the mid‐1980’s the Department of Education recognized the need to train more minority students and teachers in the fields of science and mathematics. While some progress has been made in strengthening science, mathematics and engineering programs, these programs are virtually non‐existent in urban school districts. The Science and Math Initiative, a 2003 federal mandate, set guidelines for increasing the number of minority students and improving the curriculum, as well as teacher retention in this area. Universities that previously sponsored minority programs in science are frequently challenged in the legal system. The summer science programs and long term programs such as Project SEED, has significantly increased the number of African American students majoring in, and ultimately enjoying, careers in science.

Research indicates mentoring undergraduates in their pursuit of science and technology degrees has proven successful in retaining these students in science majors and keeping them in college. However, a small selection of public schools offer science and technology programs with a well established curriculum that directs students from grade nine through twelve. The students are linked with science mentors in the community for research internships, a practicum, and co‐authored publications. These programs have been highly successful in graduating students that excel academically and in the research arena. However, there is limited data available about these students once they graduate from high school. What happens between the science technology program and graduation from college? This study will seek to discover the perspective of six students pursuing a science major in college after completing a high school science and technology program in Prince Georges County, Maryland.

206

POSTER ABSTRACTS “Preparation Of Supported Nanostructured TiO2 And Nitrogen Doped TiO2, And Applications To Photo Catalytic Disinfection”

68

Ryan JinksI, William N. Harris IIII, Olivier K. KaindaI, Sharifeh MehrabiII, , Lebone MoetiIII, Ramesh ChandrasekharanI, Mark A. Shannon1, Eric A. MintzI*

IClark Atlanta University, Department of Chemistry, Atlanta, GA 30314 IIClark Atlanta University, Department of Biological Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30314 IIIClark Atlanta University, Department of Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30314

Abstract

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the use of nanostructure semiconducting metal oxides, such as TiO2, as photocatalysts for the destruction of contaminants in water. More recently it has been shown that nanoparticles of TiO2 can be used for the photocatalytic disinfection of water with UV and near‐UV irradiation.

TiO2/Al2O3 and N doped TiO2/Al2O3 composites have been prepared by sol‐gel techniques using Ti(i‐OCH(CH3)2)4, ammonium hydroxide, urea, and both granular and colloidal aluminas in varying ratios. The resulting sols were filtered, washed water, dried at 110o C for 2 h and calcined to produce an anatase phase. UV‐Visible diffuse reflectance spectra were measured for these materials. At a TiO2:Al2O3 mole ratio of 2, the diffuse reflectance spectrum of the composite is similar to that of Degussa P25, TiO2, in terms of band edge, but slightly less reflective. As the mole ratio of TiO2:Al2O3 was increased from 2 to 17, the band edge was substantially red‐shifted.

Bactericidal activity of TiO2/alumina suspension was tested by counting viable cells CFU (colony forming units) after TiO2/alumina treatment under visible and UV light.

The TiO2/Al2O3 and nitrogen doped TiO2/Al2O3 composites have been characterized by UV‐Visible diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, and BET surface area. These TiO2/Al2O3 composites have been show to photocatalyticly deactivate MS‐ 2, a SS RNA phage used a model for RNA viruses. These new composites exhibit faster photocatalyticly of MS‐2 at pH 5 than at pH 7. The preparation, characterization, and application of these new composites will be described.

The applications of these particles will be applied to the wastewater treatment plants in the nation as an alternative to chlorination.

Results of the synthesis and bactericidal and viral activity will be reported.

207

POSTER ABSTRACTS 69 “Fabrication, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of Expandable Thermoplastic Nanocomposites”

Wanda D. Jones,* Vijaya K. Rangari, Tiffianni Watson, Mohammad I. Jeelani, and Shaik Jeelani Tuskegee University, Center for Advanced Materials, Tuskegee, AL 36088

Abstract

A novel sonochemical method is developed to infuse several types of nanoparticles (silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and POSS materials) into expandable thermoplastic macrospheres containing acrylonitrile and methylacrylonitrile polymer. Expancel microspheres consists a drop of liquid hydrocarbon encapsulated by a gas proof thermoplastic polymeric shell. These micro spheres expand four to five times of their original size (10μm) and drastically decrease it’s density from 1000kg/m3 to ~ 30kg/m3, when exposed to the heat.

For the fabrication of nanocomposite foam, the Expancel microspheres are first dispersed in hexane along with know percentage of nanoparticles and irradiated with high intensity ultrasonic horn for about 30 minutes at room temperature. The solvent hexane is removed using high vacuum for 12 hours and heating at 600C for 1h. The dry powder is transferred into a rectangular stainless steel mold and the mold is heated to 1900C at a heating rate of 100C for 30 min using a MTP‐14 programmable compression molding under a pressure of approximately 3000lbs. The as‐prepared nanophased foam samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Details of the synthesis procedure, thermal and mechanical characterization will be presented.

70 “Selectivity of Peptide‐Based Borono Lectins Towards Glycoproteins”

Dana L. Broughton*1, Yuejiao Zou1, John J. Lavigne1, Paul R. Thompson1 1University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, SC 29208

Abstract The research described herein uses novel organic probes to examine carbohydrate‐ lectin interactions resulting in selective and specific biosensors. The system utilizes Peptide‐based Borono Lectins (PBLs) in which boronic acid moieties are covalently attached to a peptide backbone in order to bind selectively to sugars. Defining a precise spatial orientation between two boronic acids is the most common method 208

POSTER ABSTRACTS

used to obtain selectivity for binding different saccharides. Secondary non‐covalent interactions have also been incorporated in the PBL backbone to aid in enhancing the selectivity of the PBL toward the desired glycoprotein. Complex carbohydrates and glycoproteins have been associated with the presence of numerous cancers and other disease states. It has been found that specific PBL sequences are selective towards certain glycoproteins using techniques such as Modular Flow Cytometry and other screening methods. These PBLs can potentially serve as early stage diagnostics for colon cancer. The selectivity of PBLs towards precise glycoproteins will be discussed

209

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1

The

2

world wants thinner electronics.

We’re getting it all on tape.

3M has pioneered a whole new technology: Microflex Circuits – the world’s leading massproduced electronic circuits on tape.

They’re thinner, smaller, highly reliable, and allow for more connections than rigid circuit boards. They’ll go anywhere a designer can dream up: phones, pagers, laptops and printers.

We expand the possibilities because we make the leap

©3M 2006

For further information, visit our careers home page on the Internet: http://www.3m.com/careers

© 2006 NAS (Media: delete copyright notice)

NOBBCHE 7 1/8" x 10" bw

from need to...

The 35th Annual Conference of The National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers

“Philadelphia: The Cradle of Our Democracy, NOBCChE: The Cradle of Our Independence”

March 24 - 29, 2008

Philadelphia Marriott Downtown