ASSESSMENT OF SELF RELIABILITY - WARD NO: 18, MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH ,WAYANAD

INTRODUCTION: 74th

Self-reliance is the theme of India’s Independence Day. The concept is commonly associated with the economy and production of key goods and services within the country in the light of the global ‘supply shock’ caused by the pandemic.

This minor project is an attempt to examine how well my ward performed during the recent lockdown and how it caters to the needs of the people.

WARD NO. 18, MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH, WAYANAD DISTRICT

Ward no: 18, popularly known as Palakkamoola ward, is one of the developing wards in the Wayanad district. The ward majorly caters to agroecology. It is located 12 KM towards the East of District head quarters Kalpetta. 6 KM from Sulthanbathery. 424 KM from the State capital Thiruvananthapuram.

STATE BOUNDARY MAP OF INDIA

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

DISTRICT BOUNDARY MAP OF KERALA

BLOCK BOUNDARY MAP OF WAYANAD

WARD BOUNDARY MAP OF MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

LANDUSE MAP OF WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

To question the self–reliability of my ward, by mapping the locality and analyzing spatial and non- LEGEND spatial data.

STREAM GANGA

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT: 1. To document land use pattern and define the population density, technical and socioeconomic factors of the locality.

2. To map road network, physical infrastructure systems, and social infrastructure systems with the help of GIS. 3. To solicit lockdown issues faced by people from local authorities and social workers 4. To quantify the self-reliability of the ward during the recent lockdown.

MAIN STREAM SUB STREAM ROAD DISTRICT ROAD VILLAGE ROAD LANDUSE/BUILDING TYP PADDY CALTIVATION COMMERCIAL PLATATION PUBLIC/SEMIPUBLIC RESIDENCIAL

PADDY FIELD PADDY FIELD

WARD BOUNDARY

METHODOLOGY Background study Understanding the project Reading similar projects Have a clear concept of the project

Project synopsis Formulate aim and objectives Preparation of detailed methodology Finding scope and limitation

Stage1. Land resource management Desk research on existing land surveys Detailed site inspection Mapping of spatial data using GIS Comparison of diff. socio-economic factors

KRD MOSQUE BUS STOP & WAITING AREA

BUS STOP & WAITING AREA

PADDY FEILD

ALFA BAKERY CHANNALI JUMA MASJID

KRD MOSQUE

GLPS CHENNALI

Stage 2. Spatial data mapping Mapping of road network, physical infrastructure and social infrastructure features.

Comparison of road density with district & state road density.

Detailed examination of infrastructure systems with regards to URDPFI guidelines

Stage 4. Self-reliability Prepare a detailed report on processed data Quantifying the data using descriptive statistics

SWOT Analysis

2%

COMMERCIAL AREA RESIDENCIAL AREA

86%

11%

•

PUBLIC/SEMI-PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL AREA

• •

1%

•

LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION OF WARD NO:18

Rural style of living dominates in majority and Discussion & Conclusion commercial spine is concentrated along the district highway.

Meenangadi Panchayath has more than 70% of the total area is tableland and 20% is fertile plains

Viewscapes of ward no:18, Meenangadi Panchayath

ST. THOMAS EVANGELICAL CHURCH

STAGE 1: LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEMOGRAPHICS

Stage 3. Lockdown troubles List down Government schemes and measures in response to COVID -19 Questionnaire survey on local authorities & social workers.

Conclude on COVID setbacks faced by the localities

BUS STOP & WAITING AREA

AREA POPULATION DENSITY DISTRICT LANGUAGE

2.7 km² 1801 667 WAYANAD MALAYALAM

•

Major areas of the ward is used for cultivation and plantation purpose.

16% of the ward area is used for cultivation of ‘mundakan’ rice alone.

Ward produced amble amount of coffee, coconut, ginger, arecanut, pepper, banana and many more vegetables.

Ward has one govt. lower primary school, three Anganwadis and one madrasa Commercial buildings add up to 2% of total area. They are mainly retail shops, storage facility/ godowns, informal shops, bakeries and hotels.

NO:OF HOUSEHOLD SLOPE DESCRIPTION AGRO-ECOLOGICAL UNIT ELEVATION / ALTITUDE NEAREST CITY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE NIT ANDCALICUT PLANNING

398 GENTLY SLOPING (3-8%) WYD CENTRAL PLATEAU 52 mts ABOVE SEAL LEVEL KALPETTA

ASSESSMENT OF SELF RELIABILITY - WARD NO:18 M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT

NIT CALICUT

GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI SHEET NO.1 I MINOR PROJECT

I SEMESTER 1 I

MASTER OF PLANNING IN URBAN PLANNING

LAND QUALITY INDICATORS FOR HILLY AREA – PSR MODEL PRESSURE

STATE

Soil fertility

Deforestation

•

Magnesium 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4

boron

Sand mining CO2 emission

calcium

potassium

•

zinc

Land-use change organic carbon

Desertification

•

sulphur copper

Sex ratio Male

Clean and adequate water supply deforestation in the Western Ghats have shrunk forest cover by 35%.

Temperature rise of 2-4° by 2025

• 14%

• • 86% Others

Meenangadi carbon neutral project launched on 5 June 2016, village crematorium, which once used wood, now runs on LPG. shift to organic farming practices to reduce carbon emissions per hectare between 48% and 66%

Vegetation cover

POPULATION - RESERVATION SPLIT WARD NO:18

POPLATION PYRAMID

Female

RESPONSE

Vegetation cover

POPULATION -RESERVATION SPLIT WAYANAD

80-99

48%

4%

1%

60-79

19%

SCHEDULED CASTES

SCHEDULED CASTE 40-59

SCHEDULED TRIBE REST

20-39

SCHEDULED TRIBE

47%

52%

OTHERS 77%

0-19

52%

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

Male

100

200

300

Source:Carbon Neutral Meenangadi – Assessment and Recommendations, March 2018

400

Female

➢ Tribal population account for about 47% of total population of ward ➢ The tribal communities are highly vulnerable to climate change, since their livelihood is dependent on climate sensitive crops and resources from forest.

Ward no:18- 1090 female for every 1000 male Meenangadi Panchayath- 1012 female for every 1000 male Wayanad- 1035 female for every 1000 male ➢ Literacy rate of the ward is 76 % ➢ Literacy rate of Meenangadi Panchayath is 81%, ➢ Literacy rate of Kerala State (93.91%) and Wayanad District (89.03%). ➢ The literacy rate among tribal communities within the Panchayath is about 78.5%* .

AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

LITERACY RATE COMPARISION

1%

KERALA STATE WAYANAD DISTRICT

76 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Household size Wayanad - 4.2 Household size Kerala - 4.2

100

MARGINAL OCCUPATION WARD NO 18 0%

67% 0%

CALTIVATORS

CALTIVATORS

AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS

AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS

HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

OTHER WORKERS

OTHER WORKERS

Source: Carbon Neutral Meenangadi – Assessment and Recommendations, March 2018

37%

Source: Carbon Neutral Meenangadi – Assessment and Recommendations, March 2018

63%

0%

➢ The agriculture sector dominates as the source for marginal income. ➢ People prefer agriculture labour in coffee plantations or paddy cultivation since the income is definite in terms of wages.

MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHY OF WARD NO :18, MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

STAGE 2: SPATIAL DATA MAPPING ➢ . The ward is served with a district and village road network.

Wayanad district road density1.53/ km² Kerala state road density – 5.28 / km² ➢ Ward has a hill-valley patterns with plantation crops on the high slopes and paddy cultivation on the valleys. ➢ Paddy fields are getting converted into banana and other cash crops which is adversely impacting the ground water levels.

0.73 km

0.36 km

ROAD NETWORK WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

ROAD DENSITY – 2.6/ KM²

37%

81

MAJOR OCCUPATIONS WARD NO 18

21%

43%

89.03

MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

* Meenangadi Grama Panchayath: Sub plan for Scheduled Tribes 2015-16

19%

94

WARD NO:18

12%

Kurumar Mullakkurumar, Paniyar, Kaattunaykkar, Vettakkurumar and Kurichyar are the tribal communities residing in the ward no:18,Meenangadi panchayath .

NTS

WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

CONTOUR MAP

Source: open street map

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE NIT ANDCALICUT PLANNING

ASSESSMENT OF SELF RELIABILITY - WARD NO:18 M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT

NIT CALICUT

GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI SHEET NO.2 I MINOR PROJECT

I SEMESTER 1 I

MASTER OF PLANNING IN URBAN PLANNING

➢ Waste Management: Workers of Meenangadi haritha karma sena do door to door collection of plastic waste and bring it to the newly constructed resource recovery center, which is then shredded and used for road surface work. ➢ Government and people have been taking active efforts to cut down on plastics, and live a more sustainable lifestyle

WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH

PLASTIC WASTE SHREDDING UNIT IN MEENANGADI

Social infrastructure facilities Within 4 km²

Religious buildings

Health-care facilities

WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH ➢ Ground water is the GROUND WATER PROSPECTS major source of drinking

MODERATE TO POOR

water and play a vital role in sustaining livelihoods.

Ward no.18 of Meenangadi panchayath has a ground water yield =25 - 50 m³ /day ➢ There are 264 drinking water schemes in the Panchayath of which 12 are not functioning. and two projects yet to complete. ➢ Major part of land is bounded by kabani watersheds ,draining into sub catchment Chimsha reservoir.

WARD NO:18,MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH WATER SHED

KABANI

Educational buildings Government buildings

COMMERCIAL CENTER ,MEENANGADI

EYE HOSPITAL , KARIAMBADI

GLPS ,CHENNALI

GOVT. POLYTECHNIC , MEENANGADI

STAGE 3: COVID CRISIS

MANIKAVU TEMPLE PHC , MEENANGADI

Source: official FB page of Wayanad collector

➢On January 30, 2020, the country’s first COVID19 positive case was reported in Kerala. ➢On March 17, COVID19 was declared a notified disaster, thus becoming eligible for funds from the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF). ➢ Government took several multi-pronged measures to address the threat. ➢Local Self Government institutions were assigned various roles and responsibilities. ➢My ward was assigned with 25 Asha workers, they worked along with the ward members and other volunteers

MEENANGA DI WARD NO PANCHAYT 18 H WAYANAD

NO:OF COVID CASES REPORTED TILL 4TH OCT 2020 817000

33,450

1801

0

Series1

POPULATION

500 1000 WARD NO 18 1801 13

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 MEENANGADI PANCHAYTH WAYANAD 33,450 817000 203 4083

Ward came under containment zone two times (around 2530 days) during this period .A questionnaire sample survey was done to understand the problems faced by them during this period and during nation lockdown.

Link: Questionnaire survey for minor project

SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY DONE ON 28 HOUSEHOLDS (117 ) AND 6 COMMERCIAL STORES INCLUDING MILMA SOCIETY ( COFIDENCE LEVEL - 95%, MARGIN OF ERROR – 10% )

OCCUPATION DETAILS (SAMPLE SURVEY) 4% 39% 43%

CULTIVATORS / AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS ANIMAL HUSBANDARY OTHERS ASHA WORKER

14%

Other occupation included, teachers, Govt. employees , Drivers, Tailors and construction laborers

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

OCCUPATIONAL CRISIS

CULTIVATORS / AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS

ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

OTHERS

ASHA WORKER

➢People depending on animal husbandary was most affected since the milma society was closed down during lockdown. ➢Milma society ,Palakkamoola collects an average of 1800 liters of milk every day from around 50 people of ward no:18 ➢1 litre milk cost 44 rs

Source: Carbon Neutral Meenangadi – Assessment and Recommendations, March 2018

FOOD AND SUPPLY ➢ Ward produces ample amount of SHORTAGE DURING food-crops, cash-crops, milk , LOCKDOWN 98%

NONE MILD SEVERE

2%

fruits and vegetables. ➢ 87% of the people in the ward depends on ration shop and supplyco. ➢ Also COVID kits were provided to the people through ration shops. ➢ Local shops functioned during the specific time given and helped the people with basic supplies.

➢ 31% of total working population works outside ward and had an issue in reaching their work place.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE NIT ANDCALICUT PLANNING

ASSESSMENT OF SELF RELIABILITY - WARD NO:18

NIT CALICUT

M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI

SHEET NO.3 I MINOR PROJECT

I SEMESTER 1 I

MASTER OF PLANNING IN URBAN PLANNING

HYPOTHESIS FROM THE STUDY HYPOTHESIS

TESTING

VALIDITY

SETTLEMENT DENSITY

➢ 70% Validity ➢ Construction of roads is one of the main driving force of land use change. ➢ Strong negative correlation between accessibility and population

Accessibility level ( road network) effects land use type and population.

STAGE 4: TO QUANTIFY SELF-RELIABILITY Ward no:18 ,self-reliability review ROAD DENSITY 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

AGRICULT URAL LABOURER S

HOUSEHO LD SIZE

POWER DISTRIBUTION 4

HEALTH CARE FACILITY CONNECTI VITY

WATER DISTRIBUTION

3

GROUND WATER PROSPECTS

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

2

WASTE MANAGEMENT

EDUCATIONAL FACILITY 1

GROUND WATER YIELD

0

ROAD DENSITY

FOOD AND SUPPLY -1 -2

AGRICULT URAL LAND

CONNECTIVITY

LITERACY RATE

RESERVATION SPLIT

POPULATI ON PYRAMID

WATER QUALITY

RESERVATI ON SPLIT

LITERACY RATE

Comparison of spatial and no-spatial data WARD 18

SOIL QUALITY

WAYANAD

BIODIVERSITY

KERALA POPULATION PYRAMID

DOMESTIC CO2 EMISSION

SAND MINING

SPECIES VARIATION

Distribution Systems

• • •

• • • •

Age-sex pyramid Wayanad and Kerala Ward no:18 has a pyramid similar to developed country Symmetry in pyramid - good sex ratio More working population and less dependency Biodiversity and Species variation Ward no:18 is rich in species variation Biodiversity has been effected very severely in the past year due to human activities Meenangadi carbon neutral mission aims to bring back the rich biodiversity It also aims to become the first carbon neutral town.

• •

More efficient Implementation of drinking water schemes required.

Need to dig open wells and bore wells to ensure uninterrupted water supply throughout the year in all colonies.

•

Power is distributed through Kerala state electricity board (kseb). Image below is the power consumption of Meenangadi panchayath.

Road Network and Connectivity

• • •

Ward has fair road density compared to Wayanad district and Meenangadi Panchayath Plain land has better connectivity than hilly areas. Hence ward lacks in connectivity index.

Road network is the only mode of transportation in the ward Physical and Social Infrastructure facilities

• •

Ward has fair Physical Infrastructure facilities which include proper flood drainage lines, drinking water distribution, and good plastic waste management system Ward lack in physical infrastructure facilities, but government and local authorities are taking good initiative for betterment of the people.

STRENGTHS Fertile agricultural land and good ecology Clean natural resources Produces enough food and supply

S

WEAKNESSES • Poor connectivity • Less educational infrastructure • Less tertiary jobs opportunities

W

O

T

OPPORTUNITIES • Commercialization of forest products • Pisciculture/ Fish Farming as a Career • Part of first carbon neutral panchayath THREATS • Flood , Drought lightening and landslides • Climate change /extreme weather events • Paddy fields are getting converted into banana and other cash crops which is adversely impacting the ground water levels.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE NIT ANDCALICUT PLANNING

ASSESSMENT OF SELF RELIABILITY - WARD NO:18 M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT

NIT CALICUT

GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI SHEET NO.4I MINOR PROJECT

I SEMESTER 1 I

MASTER OF PLANNING IN URBAN PLANNING