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WHAT DID YOU SAY STOPPED PLAY?

25YEARSOFTHE WISDENCHRONICLE WISDEN

ILLUSTRATED

WISDEN

Bloomsbury Publishiog Pk

50 Bedford Square, London, WClB 3DP, UK

WISDEN and the wood-engraving device are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Pk

First publishedin Great Britain 2018

Material copyright© John Wisden & Company 2018

Compilation andText copyright© Matthew Engel2018

Illustrations© Nick Newman2018

All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or anyinformationstorage or retrievalsystem, without prior permissionin writing from thepublishers

Bloomsbury PublishingPk does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time ofgoing to press. Theauthor andpublisher regret any inconvenience causedifaddresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes

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INTRODUCTION

JustaftertheturnofthemillenniumIgaveupmypostaseditorof Wisden Cricketers' Almanack and went with my wife and children to live in America. InJuly 2003Icameback todoasecondstintaseditor.Andthe very first weekendafter our return we went to Hampshire for a family celebration.

The weather was a deceitful welcome-homepresent fromheaven: it was gorgeous. And from the window of our hotel bedroom, against a lovely wooded backdrop,it waspossibleto seea cricketmatchgoingon. Brockenhurst v Ellingham. It might have been part of the same gift. Naturally Iwandereddown.tohavealook.

I had been there only a few minutes when suddenly there was a rustling in the wood�, followed by the appearance of a'herd ofNew Porest ponies who galloped on to the outfield and settled somewhere arounddeepextracoverbeforebeingshooedaway.

It was enchanting in all kinds of ways, not least aesthetically. But it alsoseemedlikethefinalpartofthegift.WhileinAmerica,Ihadbonded with cricket's long-lost cousin, baseball.Nothing much seems to stop baseballexceptahurricaneoramasspunch-up.Cricket,though,ismuch more fragile, especially in England where hot, dry summer days can neverbetaken forgranted.

Also, theballissupposedtobounceenroutetothebat,whichmeans thesurfaceisfar moreimportant:ifsomeonedugaboletenfeetinfront of home plate, it wouldn't matter that much. And because cricketpropercricket-goesonlonger,theworldimpingesmuchmore.Westop for lunchand tea; players can spend hours, even days, without actually having to appear on the field. It is part of liferather than a distraction fromit.

And, for some reason I cannot wholly explain, cricket is just more, um, eccentric. What is it about the game? People do not habitually take footballs and baseballs to the North and South Poles; into slate mines; to the tops of mountains and the bottom of lakes; and on to rarely visible sandbanks miles from reliably dry land. They take cricket balls - and bats, stumps and bails. Perhaps it is some kind of reaction to the need for conditions to be just-so before a traditional match can begin.

When I was first appointed editor of Wisden in 1992, people who didn't know much about it would say something like "Oh, yes, that's the book that records all the strange things that happen in cricket." Well, it certainly recorded some of them, but not in any systematic way.

My predecessors were all sensible enough to have more important ·thingstodo. But Ihavealwayshada habit offlicking through newspapers, looking for something to catch the eye: and Ihad for three years co-edited a short-lived, more jokey kind of all-sports Wisden called the Sportspages Almanac (without the quaint K) which specialised in recording unusual events. Cricket was, naturally, the richest seam. So I wanted to in1port some of that jollity.

It wasimpossibleto

startat once: it was mid-year and there were more urgent priorities. But at the start of 1993, I brought out the scissors again and began filing any cuttings that referred to cricketing oddities, and thus the Chronicle started. Since then, the world has changed hugely, cricket and newspapers more than most things (not necessarily for the better). But the Chronicle has survived - triumphantly, I like to think - and this not-all-that-slim volume is a celebration of its first quarter-century: a selection of the couple of thousanditems that have appeared in that time.

Not all the items are funny, as the Tragedy section illustrates all too vividly. Not all of them are weird: many record remarkable performances - just one item that very first year was about a 15-year-old schoolboy from Lancashire who had scored an unbeaten234in 20 overs. His name was Andrew Flintoff.

Cricket has Laws but Wisden has rules. And to govern the Chronicle I instituted a new one: there had to be a source - it had to be reported elsewhere before Wisden would mention it. I was terrified of hoaxes.

Indeed, therewere two of my friends [ identifiedas potential perpetrators. But in cricket it is hardly necessary to make stuffup: the truth is often far stranger than the most imaginative fiction.

And in those days, there was a clear route for the strangeness to be reported. British local newspapers used to employ quaint figures known as "journalists". And on a summer Monday one of the youngsters might ring round his club-secretary contacts to ask them about the weekend matches. And one of them might start wittering about how Huggins had scored a fifty and that Scruggins had taken a few wickets.

And then,justoncein a while, theofficial might perchance just mutter, half to himself: "Now, was that before or after the elephant stopped play...?" And the journalist would suddenly wake up and say "WHAT did you say stopped play?" "Oh, yes, didn't I mention the elephant?" And before nightfall, after a lot ofscurrying round, the journalist would have flogged the story to all the nationals and be celebrating the impendfog windfall with pints all round.

To the best of my knowledge, no elephant has yet stopped play 1 • But pretty much everything else in the animal kingdom has. I'm just saying that's how news used to travel. Nowadays, the few remaining offi.cebound; screen-slave, time-poor local journalists might never find out about it. The compensationis thatthere are now club websites,Facebook pages, Twitter feeds and video cameras in everyone's pocket, So an elephant on the pitch should not escape notice.

The internet revolution was well established by the time I returned from the US, and it enabled the Chronicle to become more global, with many more stories coming in from countries where elephants are more likely to stop play. The big growth was in stories from the subcontinent, especially from India where cricket advanced from being merely a national game to something approaching a national religion. And, in

1 One was paraded atluncbtime at The Oval in 1971. And, as this book records, one might yet appear during play at Hambantota, Sri Lanka.

contrast to more developed countries, the Indian news media were becomingmorevibrantratherthanless.

This was a mixed blessing for Chronicle,because alargepercentage of the stories from South Asia tended to be brutal rather than barmy. This bookisintendedtoreflecttheweirdthingsthathappenin cricket.It is occasionally poignant, sad and sometimes horrifying. But it is primarily meantto be funny, and subcontinental stories often involved argumentativeboysinbackalleysbashingeachotherwithbatswithfatal consequences.IhaveincludedenoughofthesetogiveaflavourbutIhope notenoughtoinducenausea.

It is not just in Asia that the game has become more disputatious. Cricketin England has become less ubiquitous butis takenmuchmore seriouslybythosewhocontinuetoplayit.Throughoutthe book,thereis more unpleasantness after the millennium than before. The Chronicle reflectsthegame,andtheworldwelivein.

Ontheotherhand,thereisalsomoreofeverything.Thesection has grownbiggerwiththepassing years,and-Iamconfidentofthis-better. Inthe2005 Wisden the section beganto be adorned byNick Newman's wonderfulcartoons. (AndNickhasproduced another brilliantselection forthis book to coverthemissingyears.) In 2012itwas moved�oanew place of honour at the very back ofthe book, and all sports enthusiasts areusedtoreadingthebackpagefirst.

I was editor of Wisden myself for almost half the Chronicle's first twenty-fiveyears.IamverygratefultotheotherfoureditorsoftheeraGraeme Wright, Tim de Lis]e, Scyld Berry and Lawrence Booth, the current incumbent- for supporting and nurturing the section on their watch. And to Hugh Chevallier, now co-editor, who has been the unflappable behind-the-scenes production mastermind for the past twentyeditions,andtoChristopherLane,theconsultantpublisher,who has been crucial to the business side of Wisden for the past thirty. For reasonsI don'tunderstand,neitherseemstohaveagedmuch.

Lawrence, Hughand Chris haveallmadeChronicle-compilingmuch easier by being such skilful snappers-up of unconsidered trifles, as has another Wisden lifer, deputy editor Steven Lynch. So too Harriet

Monkhouse who, yearafteryear, correctedmistakesthateludedeveryone else. Iamalso gratefultomy regularspotters fromfurtherafield: Prakash Dahatonde, Rajesh Kumar and Nirav Malavi in India; Mahendra Mapagunaratne who monitors Sri Lankan news; Mike Bechley and David Lamming are regular contributors from the UK. I miss the late .Bob Harragan, a splendid character who until he died in 2016, too young, ensured that goings-on in south-west Wales were never underrepresented. And I owe special thanks to Rob Steen, who compiled the section during my absence inAmerica.

We always welcome contributions from readers, wherever they are. And weblinks or simple steers will be gratefully received at almanack@ wisdenalmanack.com.

Allkindsofcrazy cricketinglifeisintheChronicle, but not everything crazy that now gets reported in Wisden. If something odd enough happens in a game that the Almanack would cover anyway it should get mentioned in the match report and, since 2000, listed even further back in the book in what is known in-house as "the odds" - the Index of Unusual Occurrences.

The Cricket Round the World section (established 1993) snaffles items from the game's more improbable outposts. These were anthologised in the2014 collection, Elk Stops Play. Other snippets from different sections of Wisden, dating back to the Almanack's Victorian infancy, were collected in the 2007 book Parachutist at Fine LeB. So the "WHAT did you say stopped play?" section of this book cannot . mention the elk or the parachutist. Nor:

Battle ofBritain stopped play (Lord's, 1940)

bomb scare stopped play (Lord's,1973)

baggage delayed onIndian roads (Rajkot, 1988)

groundstaffforgetting to mark fielding circles (Perth, 1989)

fried calamari (when Daryn Cullinan hit a six into a barbecuing spectator's frying panand the ball had to cool down) (Paarl, 1995)

bungeejumping (Hove,2000)

Gurkha pipe band (Canterbury, 2002)

gridlock in London (The Oval, 2002)

umpire taking pictures (The Oval, 2003) arrival ofRoyal Mail ship (St Helena, 2004) mortar attack (Baghdad, 2004) ground not appearingonsatnavandteamgettinglost(Rotterdam,2005) wedding (Ascension Island, date unknown) plus the factthat "wild women" are always likely to stop play inWestern Samoa. Unfortunately, "wild women" is the local term for cyclones. But I've just mentioned them anyway.

Nor have I been able to include my own contribution to cricket history: umpiring what we believe to be the world's most southerly cricketmatch, lessthana mile from the South Pole, in2012 (temperature: minus 28°C). However, as a bonus, at the back of the book there is a selection of some of the Chronicle-style items that appeared in the Spo1·tspa£JesAlmanac, covering 1989, 1990 and 1991. Thanks due here to my collaborator in those distant days, Ian Morrison, and to Simon Barnes, whose column in The Times was then a rich source ofmaterial.

One hitherto impossible Stopped Play has so far got away, infuriatingly. In the summer of2017 TestMatchSpecial mentioned a case ofDrone Stopped Play, apparently somewhere in the Midlands. But the words vanished into the ether and, despite the best efforts of the TMS production team, it has not yet been possible to hunt down the precise story. There will be a repetition soon enough, no doubt.

I haven't included the New Forest ponies either: happens all the time in Brockenhurst, apparently. However, there is an item from nearby Lymington, where in2017 they played a match against Bashley, bowling from only one end to thwart vandals who had dug up the pitch. The report in the BournemouthDailyEcho began "Lymington and Bashley are unlikely to receive a mention in Wisden..." They were wrong about that. And I hope Wisden will go on reporting the glorious and global eccentricities ofour game forever. This book is not really about cricket, it's about life.

MATTHEWENGEL Herefordshire,June2018

NOTE TO READERS

Thedate givenat the endofeachparagraph inthetextrefersto theyear the event happened or was originally reported. The item would have appearedinthefollowingyear's Wisden. Thesameappliestothedatesin thePrequelsection,for theitemsfromthe Sportspa8es Almanac.

AGELESS

Les Kempster, 70, took ten for 34 playing for a team put together by the former Sussex player John Denman against Worth Abbey School at Crawley. Kempster is a part-time cleanerat theschool. (1993)

Ivor Mclvor of Pochabers, Morayshire, who at 73 claims to be Britain's oldest village league cricketer, received a letter of congratulations from the Prime Minister after concluding his forty-eighth season. "I don't know ifhe's the oldest but he's certainly the most stupid. He's had nine operations for varicose veinsand he stillinsists on playing," said his wife Rita. (1994)

Jack Swain, 73, collapsed and died seconds after bowling his final over in his retirement match at Cuckfield, Sussex. The match was abandoned but a planned farewell supper went ahead as a tribute to him. (1995)

David Church of the East Woodhay club, Newbury, completed forty years of club cricket without missing a match through injury. (1996) Church eventually extended his sequence toforty-five years.

Arthur Cuthbertson, a 70-year-old slow left-arm bowler from Caversham, Berkshire, t0ok nine for 38 against Whitchurch, including a hat-trick, immediately after undergoing two eye operations. "At least I can see the stumpsagain," he said. (1997)

Keith Hookway, 60, from Bexhill, has played his 600th consecutive match for St John's in Sussex, having nevermissed a game since the club was foundedtwenty-two years ago. (1998)

StanRudder,at63believedtobetheoldestplayerinthecompetition,hit thelastball ofthematchfor fourto giveWaterloovilleaone-wicketwin overHambledonintheNationalClub Championship. (1998)

CyrilHeath,78,tookeightfor44atAshburton,Devon.Hesaidhistrick was"alwaysthinkingI'm39nextbirthday".(1999)

Jack Hyams, 81, a retiredpet-shop owner from Hertfordshire,lost his chance to become the oldest cricketer to appear at Lord's when the matchbetween CrossArrows andtheRoyal Householdwas rainedoff. (2000)

Ted Martin, the Western Australia leg-spinner who took six MCC wicketsforhisstateduringthe 1932-33 Bodylinetour,has becomethe first Australian first-class cricketer to reachthe age of I00. "It'snice to havebeatenBradmanatsomething,"hesaid. (2002)

Ray Mortimer, 70, took a hat-trick for Woodgreen against Ordnance Survey in the Hampshire League. Mortimer, a regular until 1998, now usually umpires but playedhis first league game ofthe season because theteamwasshort.(2006)

The World's Oldest Eleven (average age 75.5) lost by one wicket to the World's Second-Oldest Eleven (all over 70) at Poplar Oval, Melbourne, during theannualinterstateOver-60s carnival. Brendan Lyons, the 80-year-old son of former Australian prin1e minister Joseph Lyons, was the senior man on the field. "They all clank like medievalarmourwhen they walk out,"saidJim Murphy,73, captain andmost junior ofthe OldestEleven, "but they'reall bloody legends attheir own clubs." (2007)

Midsomer Norton spin bowler Jim Eyles, 72, took sixfor40, the best figuresofhislife,againstAvonside.HissonCraigtookthreeoftheother wickets. (2011)

JimSmallbone,63,tooktwosuccessivefive-wickethaulsforHampshire Over-60sa yearaftercollapsingonthefield,whenhisheartstoppedfor

at leasttwenty minutes. He credited MikeTindall,a first-aider whowas keeping wicket forSussex Over-60s, withkeepinghimaliveuntil theair ambulancearrived. (2013)

RupertWebb, the91-year-oldformerSussexwicketkeeper,confronteda motoristwhoattackedatrafficwardenonthestreetsofWorthing.Webb sawa"well-builtman" punchthewardenandbreak hisglasses. "Ihada furngrip onmywalking-stick andIwasabouttogivetheattackerajolly goodclout," saidWebb. "Fortunately,at thatmoment,apolicecarcame round the corner and the man was arrested and taken away." Webb is also known for his acting, especially his role in the film Four WeddinBs and a Funeral. Police said a 60-year-old man had been cautioned for assault. (2013)

The former West Indian all-rounder Collis King, 62, has scored his fiftieth century in twelve seasons with Dunnington ofthe York Senior League.(2013)

Eileen Ash ofNorwich credited her Tuesday morning yoga sessions for keeping her fit at the age of 101. Mrs Ash, who played for the England women's team (as Eileen Whelan) before and after the Second World War, gave up golffor bowls aged 98. (2013) See also 2017.

Commentator Henry Blofeld is to marry for the third time, aged 74. "Valeria," he said delightedly, "is the only girl I've met who loves what Ido." (2013)

An80-year-oldman,bornwithonehand,tookfivewicketsineightovers. Left-armspinnerBillRobinsonfromBradfordwasalatecall-upintothe Yorkshire Terriers team playing Shropshire in the National Disabled League. "Iwasdeterminedtoplayatleastonegame,"hesaid."Ithinkthe teamwantmetoplayalotmore." (2014)

Renfrew Second Eleven's eighth-wicket pair put on only 15 against Uddingston Seconds, but their stand was notable for the spectacular age gap. David Barr (aged 83 years and 277 days) was batting with Muhaymen Majeed (11 years and 242 days). Both were called up because of a player shortage. The partnership was marked by Muhaymen's successful insistence that his partner should run quick twos. Renfrew, still one man short, lost by seven wickets. (2014) See also 2017.

Mick Massey,82,took fivefor 38 for theHatherleigh midweek team in Devon against the Englefield Green touring side. This increased his determination to continue for another season. His captain, David Manning,said:"I'm68,butIcan'teventhinkofpackingupwhenMick's doingsowell." (2015)

John Reynolds, 83,hasannouncedhisretirement aftersixty-four years of club cricket in Norfolk due to "worn-out knees". He took 5,811 wickets,including14hat-tricks. (2017)

The 86-year-old actor Brian Jackson ("The Man from del Monte") and 12-year-oldstand-inJohn Child weretogetheratthecreaseattheendof

Stage Cricket Club's match against Maidenhead & Bray, a 74-year age gap. (2017)

Eileen Ash (nee Whelan), the last survivor ofthe first women's Test playedinEnglandin1937,markedher 106th birthdayon October30by taking a flight in aTiger Moth over the Norfolk coast. The planewas a mere 76-year-old.(2017)

ANIMAL MATTERS

DaveCutting,36, wasbittenbyanadderashewentouttobatatHastings, Sussex. (1993)

Morethansixty peopleofferedtogiveahometoastraymongrel whoran on to the pitch at Trent Bridge as Merv Hughes was about to deliver the first ball ofthe Third Test. Graham and Sally Bosnall from Derby, who adoptedhim, followedthe example ofthestaffat theRSPCAshelterand calledhim Merv. (1993)

WallyLloyd,aspectatoratamatchbetweenKingtonandaHerefordshire Select Eleven, caught an escaped pet kestrel onthe outfield by tempting it witha pieceofham. (1994)

Blair Sellers, playing for South Melbourne in the Dowling Shield Under-16 competition, hit a lofteddrive that was stopped by the back ofaseagull's head, turningacertainfour into two. He was not unduly upset by this until he was bowled for 98. The seagull recovered. (1995)

Bruce, a ten-year-old Labrador witha talent for sniffing out lost cricket balls, discovered hjs 500th ball in a cemetery at Sacristan, County Durham. His 88-year-old owner, Jack Moralee of Chester-le-Street, regularly gets calls from clubsasking for Bruce to comb fields near their grounds. (1995)

Purdey, a golden retriever, has been made vice-president of Hutton Cranswick Cricket Club in Yorkshire after finding fifty lost balls. (1996)

OVP. '1AC� RVSSELt:S �Ol> A'f u;TRl!VIN6 8ALlS, 8111" #OT SO 6001> AT PAINTfN(,

Bodie, a Jack Russell terrier, found his 500th lost ball for the club at Shanklin,IsleofWight.(1997)

Players at the annual Reedybrook Ashes, in the Queensland outback, killedseveral pythons andonedeadlytaipansnakewhilelookingforlost balls. (1998)

The treasurer ofBuilthWells Cricket Club in Wales, sent out to buy a strimmertokeepthegroundundercontrol,boughttwogoatsfor£20to dothejob instead. (1998)

Paul McIntosh, a cricket-mad 11-year-old from Northampton, named his new pet rabbit Hansie, after the South African captain, Hansie Cronje, three days before Cronje's downfall for his role in the matchfixing scandal. "Wecouldn'tbelieveit,"saidPaul'smother,Elaine. "Our nine-year-old, Lauren, has been telling everybody that our rabbit has beenarrested." (2000)

A Pomeranian dog called Fred became a member of Chorley Cricket Club,inLancashire.Hisowners,BerylandGeorgeRitchie,paidthe£25 subscriptionsoFredcouldgointothebarforhis regularhelpingofbeer. (2000)

Ablack Labradorhashadatrophy namedafterhim-theSamChallenge Trophy- by Bridgend Cricket Clubin SouthWales. Samhas saved the clubhundreds ofpoundsbyfindinglostballsintheundergrowth, witha record twenty-seven in one season. "If someofour fielders couldget to the ball as well as Sam, we would be league champions," said club chairmanJakeCollier. (2000)

After winter floods, pre-season preparations at Trent Bridge were furtherdisruptedby frogs. GroundsmanSteve Birks,hithertodistracted by ducks swimmingon the square, discoveredthefrogs jumping out of water machines; heinsisted his groundstaffput them into bucketsand march them down to theTrent."A bit slimy," he said, "but, then again, so are some of our players." (2001) The headline in the Nottingham EveningPost read: "I've toadyou... now hoppit".

Usman Tariq hit six sixes in an over for Whitefield against Tranmere VictoriaintheMerseysideCompetitionbutprogresswasslow.Adogin an adjacent park intercepted the first blow and returned the ball only after alengthy debate;it was lessforgiving two deliveries later,allowing afieldertoretrievetheball,thenbitinghim.(2001)

FourLabradorshavebeentrainedtohuntforlostballsinthethickgorse surrounding the ground at Scot Hay, Staffordshire. The dogs have found every one: 120 this season alone. "The dogs are ontheir feet as soon as they hear the thwack of bat on ball," said one ofthe owners, former Staffordshire bowler Ben ·Griffiths. "We just shout 'Fetch'." (2001)

Villagers in Lynton, north Devon, called for a cull of more than fifty goats in the Valley of Rocks after the herd fouled local amenities, includingthepitchatoneofEngland'smostpicturesquecricketgrounds. Thebreedissaid-todatebacksixthousandyearsandismentionedinthe Domesday Book. Opponents condemned the proposal as "cruel and unnecessary" and suggested erecting a goat-proof fence. (2003) A cull was still on the aBenda in 2014 when the Boats were munchinB on local Bardens.

Australians should use their cricket bats to whack cane toads, the imported pest that is threatening to overrun Queensland, said Liberal MP David Tollner. The RSPCA called the advice inhumane. (2005)

Britishscientiststookrubberfrom a cricket-bat handle to helpsave the koala,whosepopulationhasdeclinedfrommillionstolessthan 100,000. Therubberwasusedtolineatubethatcollectedspermfronimalekoalas for an artificial insemination programme designed to guard against inbreeding. (2006)

Ahorsepulling acartfull ofbuilding materialwas killedafterbeing hit on the head by a cricket ball while passing a cricket ground near Chandigarh. Owner Paramjeet Singh said his livelihood was ruined. Eyewitnesses said the horse was in terrible pain for twenty minutes beforedying,andthatthecricketersdidnotapologise. (2007)

Thepads onthefeet oftree frogs have shownscientistsinIndia howto makeasticky coatingwhich,theysay,couldhelpthemmakefumble-free glovesforwicketkeepers. (2007)

Hampshire are to ban dogs from the Rose Bowl because they found insurance companies unwilling to cover clubs for the risk of injury, although they were willing to insure against terrorist attack. (2008)

A two-year-old pied cock pigeon called "Tubby" (named after Mark Taylor) beat eleven other contenders also named after cricket commentatorsin theinauguralGreatBetfairPinkPigeonRaceoverathirty-kilometre course from the Glenn McGrath Oval in Narromine to Trangie. The event was held to raise money for the McGrath Foundation, in honourofGlenn'slatewifeJane."Tubby"finishedjustaheadof"Scoop" (SimonO'Donnell)and"Warnie". (2009)

Residents living near the County Ground at Hove called police after hearing gunshots after midnight. Sussex County Cricket Club later admitt�dthatthey hadbroughtinapest-controlcompanytoshootafox.

Chief executive Dave Brooks said it had been causing problems by "scratching around on covers and acting oddly". He insisted: "We really didn't want to do it, but it was a last resort." (2010)

An animal-rights group has lodged a legal complaint against the Indian Test player-turned-politician Navjot Sidhu after he arrived at a court hearing on an elephant. (2012)

The former Zimbabwean cricketer Guy Whittall spent a peaceful night while an eight-foot crocodile was hiding under his bed. It is thought to have sneaked into his room the previous night at the game lodge where Whittall is a director. He was unaware ofhis bedfellow until he went to the kitchen for breakfast and heard the maid scream. "The really disconcerting thing is the fact that I was sitting on the edge of the bed that morning, barefoot and just centimetres away from the croc," he said. (2013)

Shane Warne was bitten on the face by a juvenile anaconda while competing in I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out ofHere! "It's non-venomous but very aggressive," said a Network Ten spokesperson. "Anacondas have a hundred rear-facing teeth. Being bitten by one is like getting a hundred hypodermic needles at once." (2016)

Yorkshire coach Jason Gillespie, who became vegan two years ago, said he regretted that the Wensleydale Creamery sponsored the club. "Yes, they are a sponsor," he said. "But it doesn't mean I agree with what they do. It's out ofmy control, just like the fact that cricket balls are made of leather." He added: "Hopefully one day the dairy industry can be shut down. J think it's disgusting and wrong on so many levels." (2016)

An 18-year-old fastbowler from Croston, Lancashire, spent several days on an IV drip after being bitten by a red-bellied black snake in a club match in Sydney. Joe Lyth, fielding on the boundary for Pennant Hills, had to collect a six hit into nearby undergrowth when he disturbed the snake, which then nippedhim on the heel. He told his family at home he hadbeen injured rather than bitten, calculating thatit would worry them less. (2017)

Game wardens have been deployed in Sri Lanka to stop wild elephants straying onto the pitch during the three one-day internationals against Zimbabweat Hambantota. The stadium is next toanelephant sanctuary, and close to a patch ofjungle. Elephants have occasionally invaded the pitch at night, but not during a match. (2017)

Parkhead Cricket Club, in Sheffield, is considering using human urine on the outfield to help deter badgers who have been tearing up the turf. (2017)

APPLIANCE OF SCIENCE

After researching the careers of 10,000 first-class cricketers, John Aggleton, a psychologist at the University of Durham, said that left-arm bowlers werelikely to die two yearsearlier than right-armers.The former England left-arm spinner Phil Edmonds described the news as "depressing"... (1993)

... Researchers at the University of Durham have now concluded that left-handed bowlers are not necessarily likely co die younger than righthanders. However, left-handed bowlers have proved more likely to die in warfare; this may be because equipment and training are designed for right-handers.(1994)

Alan Clark, a maths student at the University of Hertfordshire, calculated that a throw returned on the bounce reached the wicketkeeper0.05 ofa second quicker than one returned on the full. (1995)

The Royal Economic Society newsletter called for the eradication of cricket after a paper by Howard J.Wall of Birkbeck College claimed that baseball-playing countries had growth rates substantially higher than those in cricketing countries. "We are not yet convinced," a Treasury spokesman said. (1995)

The British Psychological Society was told that fielders could quadruple their success rate at catching by practising under ultra-violet light. Dr Simon Bennett of Manchester Metropolitan University said it cut out distractions and enabled people to concentrate.(1998)

Cricket is as dangerous as skiing, according to research by David Ball of Middlesex University. For every 100,000 participants, 130 cricketers

require hospital treatment in Britain every year.Thismakes thegame the third most risky, behind only rugby and soccer, and equal with hockey and skiing. However, there were only two recorded fatalities among cricketers between 1988 and 1992. (1998)

A psychologist who studied thirty-three county cricketers found that they played better whenthey were feeling cheerful. PeterTotterdell ofthe University of Sheffield said there was a difference in performance of between six and 16%- (1998)

The introduction of neutral umpires has made no difference to the fairness oflbw decisions, according to statistician Dr Trevor Ringrose of Cranfield University. After looking at Test matches since 1977, Dr Ringrose concluded that there had been no differencein the application ofthe law since theinternational panel was established. However,he said that visiting batsmen in the Asian countries and Australia were more likely to be lbw than their opponents. (1999)

Sports scientists at John Moores University, Liverpool, endorsed Sir DonaldBradman's batting technique after subjecting it to"three-dimensionalmotion analysis". Professor Adrian Leessaid their findings refuted suggestions that Bradman's wide, looping backlifc made him a poor role model for young players. He said Bradman's unorthodoxy was "no worse" than the approved method. (2000)

Harry Barnes, a Manchester-based inventor, claimed to have solved the problems of contentious run-outs and stumpings in big matches after patenting a device called "Creasewatch".Thisinvolves usingspecial electrical contacts between the stumps and bails. As soon as the bails are dislodged, video cameras would pick up the signal, removing the need for a third umpire to make a visual judgment. (2000)

Good �atsmen take their eye offthe ball to play fast bowling, according to researchers who studied three players wearing head-mounted cameras. The study showed that, after looking steadfastly at the ball as it left a bowling machine, they glanced at the spot where they expectedit to bounce before fixing on the ball again. (2000)

CA1'1'1 SEE HAWKEY£ EVE.P. f.lt7TING THE TARG-6'T

Scientists believe missile-tracking technology could be used to remove the controver.syfromthelbwlaw. ResearchersatSiemens arehopingto develop the Hawk-Eye system, which predicts trajectories, to calculate whether a ball would have hit the stumps. Sunset + Vine, Channel 4's cricket producers, said they were interested; the England and Wales Cricket Boardsaidthey werenot. (2000)

Lester Allison, 35, a South African PE teacher, sought sponsors to enable full-scale production of a cricket box fitted with coil springs which, he claimed, significantly lessened the customary paih felt on impact. He tested its effectiveness by repeatedly hitting himselfin the groin with a bat. Then, dressed only in a jockstrap, he subsequently invited onlookers to bowl directly atthetarget, only to retire hurt a few minutes later. (2001) See also 2006.

Inspired by Donald Bradman'sfamous childhood regime,an old-fashioned water-tank stand is being built at the New South Wales state training centre. Like the Don, youngsters will throw a golfballagainst thebrickbasethenattempt tohittherebound withastump. "Research identifieshigh-repetitionskills as being key," said thehigh performance manager of NSW Cricket, Alan Campbell, "along with a strorigly

competitive but unstructured framework - backyard cricket, if you like." (2003)

Research at the University ofNew SouthWales School ofOptometry suggested short�sightedness might notbe a disadvantage whilebatting. David Mann used a bowling machine to fire balls at batsmen wearing contact lenses that blurred their vision, and found they performed as well as they normally did. He speculated that short-sightedness may compelbatsmentoplaystrokeslaterorconcentratehardertocompensate forpoorervision.(2004)

Wearing a helmet may seriously affect q\lick thinking at the crease, according to a research paper presented to the British Psychological Society. Co-author Dr Mick Neave ofNorthumbria University said: "When your head gets toohot, thehigher cognitive functions suchas accuracy, response time and vigilance, are the first things to go." (2004)

Research by zoologists at St Joseph's College, Bangalore, showed that many professional cricketers exhibit the same fingerprint patterns. Almostallthosetheysurveyedhadthe"ulnarloop" patternon theright little finger. Their study was hindered because many Indian players refusedto co-operate. (2004)

JimFoat,theGloucestershirebatsmanofthe 1970s,hashadanaspectof cellular metabolismnamedafterhimbyabiochemistwhohappenstobe a fan. Ina paperin thejournal Progress in Lipid Research, Simon Eavis of the Institute of Child Health in London coined the phrase "the Fat Oxidation Activity Transfer complex" (FOAT).Eavis said there was an unspokenchallengebetweenhimandafriend.Previously,Foatwasmost famousfor brilliantly runningoutTonyGreiginthe 1973Gillette Cup final.(2005)

Aman�orkingattheEdenProjectin Cornwall, whoinventedwhatwas claimed to be the world's first eco-friendly cricket box, was hit while testing it out - in the face. Inventor Ben Foster suffered a cut eyebrow whilefacingNottinghamshirefastbowlerCharlieShreck. Hisinvention used hemp and a plant-based resin to be fully biodegradable. "The box

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S c u d d e r , S. H., nabootsing van het gesjirp van Orthoptera, 542; het gesjirp van Acridiidae, 545; over een fossiel insekt in de Devonische vorming, 548; over het gesjirp, II 324

S e b i t u a n i , II 333 [471]

S e b r i g h t Bantamhoen, 471.

S e c u n d a i r e seksueele kenmerken, 434; betrekking der veelwijvigheid tot de , 445; trapsgewijze overgangen der bij vogels, II 129; door beide seksen heên overgeplant, 459.

S e d g w i c k , W., over erfelijken aanleg om tweelingen voort te brengen, 75.

S e e m a n , Dr., over de verschillende waardeering van de muziek door verschillende volken, II 327; over den invloed van de muziek, II 328

S e i d l i t z , over de horens van rendieren, II 233

S e k s e , de overerving beperkt door de — , 460

S e k s e n , getalsverhouding der — bij den mensch, 476; betrekkelijke grootte der bij den mensch, II 316; onderlinge betrekking der bij den oorspronkelijken mensch, II 356.

S e k s e n met betrekking tot natuurlijke teeltkeus, de verhouding der , 495.

S e k s u e e l e kenmerken, secundaire , 434; betrekking tusschen veelwijverij en , 445; overgeplant door beide seksen heen, 459; trapsgewijze overgangen van bij vogels, II 129

S e k s u e e l e kenmerken, invloed van het verlies der , 461; beperking der — , 462

S e k s u e e l e overeenkomst, 456

S e k s u e e l e teeltkeus, 434; verklaring van , 436, 440, 449;

invloed der op de kleur van Lepidoptera, 591; werking der bij den mensch, II 361; bij de apen, II 306

S e k s u e e l e en natuurlijke teeltkeus, vergeleken, 457

S e k s u e e l e verschillen bij den mensch, 15, II 312

Selasphorus platycercus, de eerste primaire vleugelslagpen van — uitgesneden, II 61.

S e l b y , P. J., over de gewoonten van den korhaan en den rooden Schotschen boschhaan, 448.

Semnopithecus, 274; lang haar op den kop van soorten van , 270, II 373.

Semnopithecus chrysomelas, seksueele kleurverschillen bij , II 281.

Semnopithecus comatus, haar tot versiering op den kop van , II 295.

Semnopithecus frontatus, baard enz. van , II 296.

Semnopithecus nasicus, neus van , 271.

Semnopithecus rubicundus, haar tot versiering op den kop van , II 294.

Serranus, hermaphroditisme bij , 284.

S h a r p e , R B , over Tanysiptera sylvia, II 159; over Ceryle, II 165; over de jonge mannetjes van Dacelo Gaudichaudii, II 179; over den invloed der zon op een blanke en op een zwarte huid, 366; over den invloed van de kleur van het haar op de vatbaarheid voor sommige ziekten, 365.

S h a w , J., over de versiering der vogels, II 68.

S h a w , de heer, over de strijdlustigheid van den mannelijken zalm, II 3.

S h o o t e r , J., over de Kaffers, II 339; over de huwelijksgebruiken der Kaffers, II 366

S h u c k a r d , W. E., over seksueele verschillen in de vleugels van Hymenoptera, 534

Siagonium, verhouding der seksen bij , 493; dimorphisme bij de mannetjes van , 561

S i a m , verhouding der mannelijke en vrouwelijke geboorten in — , 479

S i a m e e s c h e harige familie, II 370

S i a m e e z e n , over het algemeen baardeloos, II 316; denkbeelden van schoonheid bij de , II 337.

S i d g w i c k , over beweegredenen van het gedrag, 207.

S i e b o l d , C. T. von, over het gehoorwerktuig van sjirpende Orthoptera, 542. [472]

S i e r v e d e r e n op den kop der vogels, seksueele verschillen in de , II 158.

S i g n a a l k r e t e n der apen, 138.

Simiadae, 273; hun oorsprong en verdeeling, 288.

S i n g a l e e z e n , oordeel der Chineezen over het voorkomen der , II 337.

Sirenia, onbehaardheid der , 89.

Sirex juvencus, 552.

Siricidae, verschil der seksen bij de , 552.

Sitana, keelzak der mannetjes van , II 30, 33.

Sitta, geestvermogens van , II 103.

S l a g a d e r , invloed van het afbinden van een op de zijdelingsche kanalen, 60

S l a g a d e r e n , verscheidenheden in den loop der , 53

S l a k p r i k , 281, 288

S l a n g e n , instinktmatige vrees der apen voor , 113, 119; seksueele verschillen der , II 26;

vurigheid der mannetjes van de , II 27; kleuren van de , II 26; verstandelijke vermogens van de , II 28; geluiden van de — , II 28

S l a v e n , verschil tusschen veld- en huis—, 367

S l a v e r n i j , het heerschen van , 204; der vrouwen, II 359.

S l u i p w e s p e n , zie Ichneumonidae.

S l i j k s c h i l d p a d , lange klauwen van de , II 25.

S l i j m v i s s c h e n , op den kop van het mannetje der een kam die zich ontwikkelt gedurende den rijtijd, II 11.

S m a a k voor het schoone, bij de vierhandige zoogdieren, II 285; bestendigheid van den bij wilden en dieren, II 216

S m i e n t , paren van een met een pijlstaarteend, II 110

S m i t h , Adam, over den grondslag van het medegevoel, 190

S m i t h , Sir A , over de herkenning van vrouwen door mannelijke cynocephalen, 14; over een voorbeeld van geheugen bij een mannelijken baviaan, 122; over het behouden der kleur door de Nederlanders in Zuid-Afrika, 362; over de veelwijvigheid der Zuid-Afrikaansche Antilopen, 446; over de verhouding der seksen bij Kobus ellipsiprymnus, 483; over Bucephalus capensis, II 26; over Zuid-Afrikaansche hagedissen, II 33; over vechtende gnoes, II 226; over de horens van neushorens, II 232; over het vechten van leeuwen, II 250; over de kleuren van den Kaapschen Eland, II 279; over de kleuren van Antilope caama, II 279; over de begrippen der Hottentotten omtrent schoonheid, II 338; over verstand bij een baviaan, 116; over communale huwelijken, II 353

S m i t h , F., over de Cynipidae en Tenthredinidae, 493; over de betrekkelijke grootte der seksen van Angeldragende Vliesvleugelige Insekten, 536; over het verschil tusschen de seksen van mieren en bijen, 552; over het gesjirp van Trox sabulosus, 566; over het sjirpen van Mononychus pseudacori, 568.

Smynthurus luteus, vrijage van , 537.

S n a t e r v o g e l s , zie Cotingidae.

S n a v e l d i e r e n , zie Monotremata.

S n a v e l , seksueel verschil in den vorm van den , II 39; in de kleur van den , II 69.

S n a v e l s , van vogels, levendige kleuren van de , II 211.

S n e e u w g a n s , witheid van de , II 213

S n e e u w h o e n , eenwijvig, 448; zomer- en winterkleed van het , II 78, 79; bruiloftsbijeenkomsten van het — , II 98; drievoudige ruiing van het , II 172; beschermende kleur van het , II 188.

S n i p , goud , seksen en jongen van de , II 192.

S n i p , poel , bijeenkomsten van de , II 97.

S n i p , water , trommelend geluid van de , II 59; kleur van de , II 211. [473]

S n i p p e n , aankomst van de mannelijke vóór de wijfjes, 440; strijdlustigheid der mannelijke , II 41; dubbele ruiing der , II 77

S n o e k , het verslinden van de mannetjes van den door de wijfjes, 486; schitterende kleuren van een Amerikaanschen — in den rijtijd, II 12

S n o e r w o r m e n , zie Nemertina.

S n u i t , seksueel verschil in de lengte van den — bij snuitkevers, 436.

S n u i t k e v e r s , seksueel verschil in de lengte van den snuit bij sommige , 436

S n i j t a n d e n , het uitslaan of afvijlen der door de wilden, II 333

S o c i a l e dieren, genegenheid der voor elkander, 185; verdediging van sommige — door de mannetjes, 192

S o c i a l e instinkten, het gevoel van plicht staat in verband met de — , 181

S o c i a l e vermogens, 240

S o l d a t e n , het meten van Amerikaansche — , 58; verschil in de verhoudingen van en matrozen, 60.

Solenostoma, levendige kleuren en broedzak van de wijfjes van , II 19.

S o o r t e n , oorzaken van den vooruitgang der , 250; onderscheidene kenmerken der , 329; menschenrassen of menschen , 331; vruchtbaarheid en onvruchtbaarheid der bij kruising, 334; veronderstelde menschen , 339; moeilijkheid om te bepalen wat — zijn, 339; vertegenwoordigende van vogels, II 181; verschil tusschen de seksen bij verschillende van vogels, II 183.

Sorex, geur van , II 270.

S p a n j e , verval van , 255.

S p a n n e r s , zie Geometrae.

S p a n r u p s e n , zie Geometrae.

Sparassus smaragdulus, verschil in kleur bij de seksen van , 525.

S p a r t a , teeltkeus te , 56.

Spathura Underwoodi, II 75.

S p e c h t , keus van een gezel door een vrouwelijke , 111.

S p e c h t e n , II 59; trillend geluid der , II 59; kleuren en nestbouw der , II 163, 166, 209; kenmerken der jonge — , II 177, 189, 197

S p e c h t m e e s , blauwe, zie Dendrophila frontalis

Spectrum femoratum, verschil van kleur bij de seksen van , 548.

S p e e r , oorsprong van de , 346.

„S p e l ” van den korhaan, II 57.

S p e n c e r , Herbert, over de eerste schemeringen van het verstand, 114; over den oorsprong van het geloof in geestelijke krachten, 146; over den oorsprong van het zedelijk gevoel, 211; over den invloed van het voedsel op de grootte der kaken, 61; over muziek, II 329

Sphingidae, kleur der , 583

S p h i n x , de heer Bates, over de rups van een , 600

S p i e g e l , leeuwerikken gelokt door een , II 108

S p i e r e n , aanwezigheid van rudimentaire bij den mensch, 19; variabiliteit der — , 53; invloed van het gebruik en onbruik der , 59; dierlijke abnormaliteiten der bij den mensch, 70; correlatie der van armen en beenen, 74; invloed van de kauw op den schedel en de gelaatsuitdrukking der apen, 85; wijziging der aangezichtsbeenderen door zich dikwijls herhalende krampen in de — , 88; de — van de vroege voorouders van den mensch, 282; grootere variabiliteit der bij mannen dan bij vrouwen, 453.

S p i e r k r a c h t , geringe van den mensch, 97.

S p i j t , aard en kracht van , 199.

Spilosoma menthrasti, weggeworpen door kalkoenen, 586.

S p i n n e n , 525; de mannelijke bedrijviger dan de vrouwelijke, 450; verhouding der seksen bij de , 495; de mannelijke — kleiner dan de wijfjes, 526

S p i n n e r s , zie Bombycidae

S p i t s m u i z e n , geur der , II 270. [474]

S p o o k i n s e k t e n , nabootsing der bladeren door de , 598.

S p o o r v l e u g e l i g e g a n s , II 45.

S p o r e n , aanwezigheid van bij vrouwelijke vogels, 458; ontwikkeling der bij verschillende soorten van fazanten, 467; der hoenderachtige vogels, II 42, 43; ontwikkeling der bij vrouwelijke hoenderachtige vogels, II 156.

S p o t l i j s t e r , gedeeltelijke verhuizing van de , II 105; jongen van de , II 206; zie Turdus polyglottus

S p r a a k , een kunst, 136; oorsprong der gearticuleerde , 137; betrekking tusschen den vooruitgang van de en de ontwikkeling der hersenen, 138; invloed der erfelijkheid ten opzichte der spraak, 139.

S p r a a k o r g a n e n bij den mensch, 139.

S p r e e u w , II 101.

S p r e e u w , roodvleugelige, keus van een makker door het wijfje van den , II 111

S p r e e u w e n , Amerikaansche veld , strijdlustigheid van de , II 48; drie — in het zelfde nest, 448, II 102; het vinden van nieuwe gezellen door , II 102.

S p r e k e n , het, voorafgegaan door het zingen, II 330.

S p r e n g e l , C. K., over de bevruchting der planten, 440.

S p r i e t e n , zie Antennae.

S p r i n g b o k , horens van den , II 236.

S p r i n g k e v e r s , lichtgevende , 535, zie Elateridae

S p r i n g s t a a r t e n , 537

S p r i n k h a a n , een fraai gekleurde door hagedissen en vogels weggeworpen, 548; Trek—, 541

S p r o a t , de heer, over het uitsterven der wilden op Vancouver’s eiland, 350; over het uittrekken der haren in het gelaat door de inboorlingen van Vancouver’s eiland, II 340; over den staart der Motmots, II 373; over het uittrekken van den baard door de Indianen van Vancouver’s eiland, II 372

S q u i l l a , verschillende kleuren van de seksen eener soort van , 524

S t a a r t , aanwezigheid van een rudimentairen bij den mensch, 30; samengerold lichaam aan het uiteinde van den — , 30; gemis van een bij den mensch en de hoogere apen, 90, 272; veranderlijkheid van den bij soorten van Macacus en bij de bavianen, 92; aanwezigheid van een bij de vroegere voorouders van den mensch, 282; lengte van den bij fazanten, II 151, 158, 159; verschil in lengte van den bij de beide seksen der vogels, II 158

S t a a r t w e r v e l s , aantal bij een Macacus en bij bavianen, 91; eerste der apen in het lichaam gelegen, 92

S t a a r t b e e n , zie K o e k o e k s b e e n

S t a i n t o n , H T , over de getalsverhouding der seksen hij kleinere nachtvlinders, 489; gewoonten van Elachista rufocinerea, 490; over de kleur der nachtvlinders, 584; over het wegwerpen van Spilosoma menthrasti door kalkoenen; over de seksen van Agrotis exclamationis, 586

S t a l e y , Bisschop, over de Sandwich-eilanders, 355

S t a m b o o m van den mensch, 288.

S t a m m e n , uitgestorven , 239; uitsterven van , 348

S t a n d b e e l d e n , Grieksche, Egyptische, Assyrische enz , met elkander vergeleken, II 341

S t a n s b u r y , Kapt , opmerkingen omtrent pelikanen, 186

Staphylinidae, horenachtige uitsteeksels bij de mannelijke — , 560

S t a r k , Dr , over de sterfteverhouding in steden en op het land, 251; over den invloed van het huwelijk op de sterfte, 252; over de grootere sterfte van mannen dan vrouwen, 478.

S t a u d i n g e r , D., lijst van Lepidoptera, [475]489; over het kweeken van Lepidoptera, 491.

S t a u n t o n , Sir G., de afkeer van onwelvoegelijkheid een moderne deugd, 206.

S t e b b i n g , T. R., over de onbehaardheid van het menschelijk lichaam, II 368.

S t e d e n , het verblijf in de een oorzaak van mindere lichaamsgrootte, 59.

S t e e k m u g g e n , dansen der , 538.

S t e e n b o k , het vallen van den op zijn horens, II 235; baard van den , II 274

S t e e n e n , door apen gebruikt om harde vruchten te breken, en als werptuigen, 81, 130

S t e e n e n w e r k t u i g e n , moeilijkheid van het maken van — , 80; als sporen van uitgestorven stammen, 348.

S t e e n h o o p e n , 345.

S t e e n k r a a i , roode bek van den , II 212.

S t e k e l b a a r s , veelwijvig, 449; vrijage van den mannelijken , II 2; schitterende kleur van het mannetje in den rijtijd, II 2;

nestbouw van den , II 17; ruwstaartige , zie Gasterosteus trachurus; driedoornige , zie Gasterosteus leiurus

S t e k e l h u i d i g e n , zie Echinodermata

S t e k e l v a r k e n , stom, behalve in den paartijd, II 266

S t e l e n van schitterende voorwerpen door vogels, II 108

S t e l t l o o p e r s , zie Grallatores

S t e m , bij de zoogdieren, II 265; bij de apen en den mensch, II 314; van den mensch, II 324; oorsprong van de bij luchtademende zoogdieren, II 325.

Stemmatopus, II 270.

S t e m o r g a n e n , der vogels, 140, II 157; der kikvorschen, II 24; der Roestvogels, II 52; verschil in de — bij de seksen van vogels, II 52; oorspronkelijk gebruikt in verband met de voortteling der soort, II 382.

Stenobothrus pratorum, sjirporganen van , 544, 545.

S t e p h e n , Leslie, over het vormen van algemeene begrippen bij honden, 140.

S t e r f t e , betrekkelijke van jongens en meisjes, 443, 478; grooter in de steden dan op het land, 251; van mannelijke kinderen, oorzaken der grootere , 478.

Sterna, zomer- en winterkleed van , II 213.

S t i e r e n , twee jonge die een ouden aanvallen, 184; wijze van vechten van de , II 235; gevechten van wilde , II 226

S t i l s t a n d i n d e o n t w i k k e l i n g , 64

S t i n k d i e r , stank van het , II 270; trekt voordeel van zijn kleur, II 288.

S t o k e s , Kapt., over de levenswijze van den Grooten Priëelvogel, II 67.

S t o k k e n , als werktuigen en wapenen gebruikt door apen, 130.

S t o l i c z a , Dr , over de kleuren van slangen, II 27

S t o r m v o g e l s , kleuren der , II 214

S t o r y , Dr , over de Tasmaniërs, 351

S t r a n d k r a b , gewone, zie Carcinos moenas

S t r a n d k r a b , zie Gelasimus

S t r a n d l o o p e r s , zie Tringa

S t r a n g e , de heer, over den Satijnvogel, II 65

S t r e p e n , bij geheele groepen van vogels bewaard gebleven, II 125; verdwijning der — bij Zoogdieren, II 292

Strepsiceros Kuda, horens van — , II 240; kenmerken van , II 288.

S t r e t c h , de heer, over de getalsverhouding der seksen bij kuikens, 483.

Strix flammea, II 101.

S t r o t t e n h o o f d , spieren van het der zangvogels, II 52.

S t r u t h e r s , Dr., over het foramen supra-condyloïdeum in het opperarmbeen van den mensch, 28. [476]

S t r u i s v o g e l s , strepen der jonge , II 176; seksen en broeien der Afrikaansche , II 194.

S t r i j d , wet van den , 258; bij kevers, 561;

— bij vogels, II 39;

— bij zoogdieren, II 225 en v.v.; bij den mensch, II 318.

S t r i j d om het bestaan bij den mensch, 256, 264.

S t r i j d h a a n , zie H a a n .

S t r i j d h a n e n , vroege strijdlustigheid der , 471.

S t r i j d l u s t i g h e i d van mannelijke vogels met fraaie vederen, II 90

S t J o h n , de heer, over de onderlinge gehechtheid van gepaarde vogels, II 104

S t K i l d a , baarden der bewoners van , II 316

Sturnella ludoviciana, strijdlustigheid van het mannetje van , II 48

Sturnus vulgaris, II 101

S u l i v a n , Sir B J , over het aanvallen van twee hengsten door een derden, 226

S u m a t r a , platdrukken van den neus bij de Maleiers van , II 343

S u m n e r , Aartsbisschop, de mensch alleen vatbaar voor trapsgewijze ontwikkeling, 128

S w a y s l a n d , de heer, over het aankomen der trekvogels, 441.

S w i n h o e , R., over de gewone rat op Formosa en in China, 129; over de geluiden van den mannelijken hop, II 59; over Dicrurus macrocercus en den lepelaar, II 170; over de jongen van Ardeola, II 181; over de gewoonten van Turnix, II 192; over de gewoonten van Rhynchaea bengalensis, II 192; over het broeden van Oriolus in onvolwassen gevederte, II 202, 203

Sylvia atricapilla, jongen van — , II 206

Sylvia cinerea, liefdedans van het mannetje van — in de lucht, II 65

Sypheotides auritus, puntig toeloopende slagpennen van het mannetje van — , II 61; vederbossen aan de ooren van , II 70.

S i j s j e , II 81; het paren van een met een kanarievogel, II 111.

T.

Ta a l , ingewikkelde bouw der bij vele wilde volken, 142; natuurkeus in de , 141; gebaren , 344; oorspronkelijke — , 346; de van een verloren geganen stam door een papegaai bewaard, 348.

Tabanidae, gewoonten van de , 435.

Tadorna variegata, seksen en jongen van , II 195.

Tadorna vulpanser, II 110.

Ta i t , Lawson, over den invloed der natuurlijke teeltkeus op beschaafde volken, 245.

Ta l e n , aanwezigheid van rudimenten in de , 141; klassificatie der , 141; veranderlijkheid der , 142; kruising en vereeniging der , 142; de ingewikkelde bouw der — geen bewijs voor een bijzondere schepping van den mensch, 142; de overeenkomst van twee een bewijs voor gemeenschappelijken oorsprong, 142.

Ta l e n en soorten, overeenkomst van de bewijzen voor trapsgewijze ontwikkeling van , 141

Ta n a g e r , scharlakenroode, een afwijking (variatie) bij het mannetje van den , II 121

Tanagra aestiva, II 171; leeftijd voor het volwassen gevederte bij — , II 200

Tanagra rubra, II 121; jongen van , II 206.

Tanais, gemis van een mond bij de mannetjes van sommige soorten van , 435; zeldzaamheid der mannetjes bij , 495; dimorphisme der mannetjes bij een soort van , 517.

Ta n d e l o o z e D i e r e n , zie Edentata.

Ta n d e n , rudimentaire snij der herkauwende dieren, 18; achterste maal bij den mensch, 27; verschil [477]in de , 53; honds— bij de vroegere voorouders van den mensch, 283; honds van mannelijke zoogdieren, 227; bij den mensch verkleind door correlatie, II 319; verven der , II 332; de voorste door sommige wilden uitgestooten of gevijld, II 333.

Ta n k e r v i l l e , Lord, over de gevechten van wilde stieren, 226

Tanysiptera, soorten van bepaald uit de volwassen mannetjes, II 181

Tanysiptera sylvia, lange staartvederen van , II 158

Taphroderes distortus, vergroote linker bovenkaak van het mannetje van , 534

Ta p i e r s , overlangsche strepen van jonge , II 176, 293

Ta p u i t , roodborst , zie Saxicola rupicola

Ta r s i , uitzetting der van de voorpooten bij de mannetjes van vele kevers, 532

Tarsius, 277

Ta s m a n i ë r s , hun uitsterven, 351

Ta t o e ë e r e n , 344; algemeen in gebruik, II 332.

Ta y l o r , G., over Quiscalus major, 485.

Te e b a y , de heer, over veranderingen in het gevederte van gevlekte Hamburger hoenders, 460.

Te e k e n i n g e n , bij sommige soorten van vogels bewaard gebleven, II 126.

Te e l t k e u s bij den mensch, nadeelige gevolgen van , 246.

Te e l t k e u s , dubbele, 455.

Te e l t k e u s , natuurlijke, invloed der op de vroege voorouders van den mensch, 78;

invloed der op den mensch, 94; beperking van het beginsel der , 94; invloed der op sociale dieren, 96; de heer Wallace, over de beperking der — door den invloed der verstandelijke vermogens bij den mensch, 238; invloed der op den vooruitgang in de Vereenigde Staten, 255.

Te e l t k e u s , seksueele, 434; invloed der op de kleur van Lepidoptera, 591; verklaring der , 436, 440, 449; der vlinders, 612; werking der bij den mensch, II 361; — de oorzaak van de geluiden der visschen, II 21; bij de apen, II 307.

Te e l t k e u s , seksueele en natuurlijke vergeleken, 457.

Te e l t k e u s , stelselmatige van de Pruisische grenadiers, 55.

Te e n , zie To o n .

Te g e t m e i e r , de heer, over de overmaat van mannetjes bij de duiven, 483; over den kam en de kwabben der strijdhanen, II 94; over de vrijage van het pluimgedierte, II 112; over geverfde duiven, II 114; over het verwerpen van sommige stoffen door duiven, II 113; over seksueel beperkte erfelijkheid van de kleur bij duiven, II 152.

Te m p e r a t u u r s v e r s c h i l l e n tusschen de beide seksen, 454.

Tenebrionidae, gesjirp van de , 564.

Te n n e n t , Sir J. E., over de tanden van den olifant van Ceylon, II 234, 243; over het dikwijls ontbreken van een baard bij de inboorlingen van Ceylon, II 316; over het oordeel der Chineezen aangaande het voorkomen der Singaleezen, II 337; over bedrog, gepleegd door vrouwelijke olifanten, 116

Te n n y s o n , A , toezicht op de gedachten, 211

Tenthredinidae, verhouding der seksen van de , 493; het vechten der — , 551;

verschil der seksen van de , 552.

Te p e l s , rudimentaire bij mannelijke zoogdieren, 18, 31, 283, 284, 286; overtallige bij vrouwen, 55; de bij de mannelijke sekse van den mensch, 73; gemis der — bij de snaveldieren, 285; ontwikkeling der bij de zoogdieren, 285.

Te p e l v o r m i g e uitsteeksels bij menschen en apen, 84. [478]

Tephrodornis, jongen van , II 181.

Te r a i , 349.

Te r i n g , vatbaarheid van Cebus Azarae voor , 13; verband tusschen de gelaatskleur en den aanleg tot , 364.

Te r m i e t e n , gewoonten der , 551.

Testudo nigra, II 25.

Tetrao cupido, gevechten van , II 48; seksueel verschil in de stemorganen van , II 53; voor het wijfje pronkende, II 67

Tetrao phasianellus, dansen van , II 63; duur der dansen van — , II 97.

Tetrao Scoticus, II 163, 177, 185.

Tetrao tetrix, II 163, 177, 185; strijdlustigheid van het mannetje van , II 43.

Tetrao umbellus, het paren van , II 47; gevechten van , II 48; trommelend geluid van het mannetje van , II 58.

Tetrao urogalloides, dansen van , II 97.

Tetrao urogallus, II 97; strijdlustigheid van het mannetje van , II 43

Tetrao urophasianus, opblazen van den slokdarm bij het mannetje van , II 54

Thamnobia, jongen van , II 181.

Thaumalea picta, pronken met het gevederte door het mannetje van , II 84.

Thecla, seksueel kleurverschil bij de soorten van , 579; kleuren van , 589

Thecla rubi, beschermende kleur van , 581

Thecophora fovea, 576

T h e e , apen zeer verzot op , 13

T h e o g n i s , over seksueele teeltkeus, 56

Theridion, 525; gesjirp der mannetjes van — , 527.

Theridion lineatum, veranderlijkheid van , 526.

Thomisus citreus en T. floricolens, kleurverschil bij de seksen van , 525.

T h o m p s o n , J. H., over de gevechten van cachelotten, II 226.

T h o m p s o n , W., over de kleur van Salmo umbla in den rijtijd, II 12; over de strijdlustigheid van de mannetjes van Gallinula chloropus, II 39; over het vinden van nieuwe gezellen door eksters, II 99; over het vinden van nieuwe gezellen door Falco peregrinus, II 100.

T h o r a x , uitsteeksels van den bij mannelijke kevers, 556

T h o r e l l , T , over de verhouding der seksen bij spinnen, 495

T h u g , leedwezen van een , 204

T h u r y , de heer, over de getalsverhouding der mannelijke en vrouwelijke geboorten bij de Joden, 477

Thylacinus, broedzak bij het mannetje van — , 284

Thysanura, 537

T i b i a der Aymara Indianen, 62

T i b i a , uitgezette bij de mannelijke Crabro cribrarius, 533.

Tillus elongatus, verschil van kleur bij de seksen van , 556.

Tipula, strijdlustigheid van het mannetje van , 538

To d a ’s, nauw met elkander verwant, 357; kindermoord bij de , 496

To e n a d e r i n g , zie C o n v e r g e n t i e

Tomicus villosus, verhouding der seksen bij , 493

To n g a -eilanden, baardeloosheid van de inboorlingen der , II 317, 341

To o k e , Horne, over de spraak, 136

To o n , de groote — in het menschelijk embryo, 17

To o r n , woedende — getoond door dieren, 116

To r e n v a l k , zie Falco Tinnunculus.

To r e n v a l k e n , nieuwe gezellen door — gevonden, II 100.

To r r e n , zie Coleoptera.

To r t e l d u i f , kirren van de , II 57.

Totanus, dubbele ruiing bij , II 77, 78.

To u c a n s , kleuren en nestbouw der , II 163; snavel van de , II 213.

To y n b e e , J., over de oorschelp van den mensch, 21. [479]

T r a c h e a , zie L u c h t p i j p .

T r a a n z a k k e n van de Herkauwende Dieren, II 271.

Tragelaphus, seksueel verschil in kleur bij , II 279.

Tragelaphus scriptus, rugkam van , II 272; strepen van , II 288, 289

T r a g o p a n , 448; opzwellen der vleeschlappen bij het mannetje gedurende den paartijd, II 68; pronken met het gevederte door den , II 86; kenteekenen van de seksen van den — , II 128

Tragops dispar, seksueel verschil in kleur bij — , II 26

T r a p g a n s , keelzak van het mannetje van de , II 56; gonzend geluid van een mannetje van de , II 61; vederbossen aan de ooren van een Indische , II 70.

T r a p g a n z e n , aanwezigheid van seksueele verschillen en veelwijverij bij de , 448; liefdevertooningen van de mannetjes der , II 65; dubbele ruiing der , II 79, 80

T r a p k w a r t e l , Australische , II 190

T r a p s g e w i j z e overgangen van secundaire seksueele kenmerken, II 129

T r e k i n s t i n k t der vogels, 189; het sterker dan het moederlijk instinkt, 192, 199.

T r e k l i j s t e r , zie Turdus migratorius.

Tremex columbae, 552.

T r e u r e e n d , seksueel verschil in kleur bij de zwarte , II 211; levendig gekleurde snavel van de , II 212.

Trichius, kleurverschil bij de seksen van een soort van , 556.

Trigla, geluid van , II 20.

T r i m e n , R., over de verhouding der seksen bij Zuid-Afrikaansche vlinders, 488; over het lokken der mannetjes door de wijfjes van Lasiocampa quercus, 449; over Pneumora, 546; over verschil in kleur bij de seksen van kevers, 556; over fraai gekleurde nachtvlinders, 585; over nabootsing bij vlinders, 598; over Gynanisa Isis en de oogvlekken van Lepidoptera, II 126;

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