A Single Mother
It was the dog days of August 1988, and as it had been for two years now, every day must have seemed the same for Ellen. First she would get Stacy off to school. Then she would either drive her boys to her mother’s apartment on Chippewa Street before heading downtown to work, or pick up her mother so she could baby-sit in the apartment. With her children’s arrangements complete, Ellen went to her job.
Her routine commute went north along South Broadway, the principal north-south connector between the heart of downtown and the city’s residential and commercial neighborhoods, where Ellen had lived all her life. On the final leg of her drive to work, she would speed downtown on I-55, the Ozark Expressway, which nobody ever called anything but “Fifty-Five.” South Broadway is the old arterial feed to South St. Louis, once a lily-white enclave of blue-collar European immigrants. Its many neighborhoods were populated with German or Italian or Irish immigrants who had come here to find work in the breweries or in the city’s expanding shoe-manufacturing industry. The streets and houses of the South Side, alongside the Mississippi River, offer endless examples of turn-of-the-century residential architecture. Modesty of scale didn’t prevent breadth of detail when it came to building the front porch, or elaborating with a cornice, or creating a faux frieze in the plebeian red brick. Today, the neighborhoods of St. Louis’s South Side still exude middle-class pride, but whereas there used to be a certainty that one could find the good life here, now many of them are leaving for greener pastures.
At the beginning of this century, St. Louis was ranked fourth in size among America’s great cities. First there was New York, then
Chicago and Philadelphia, and St. Louis, with 575,238 people. In the 1990 census, there were just under 400,000 residents of this city, ranking it as America’s twenty-seventh largest city.
At the turn of the century, almost one out of every four families owned their own home. Today, only four out of ten homes are owner-occupied, and in what is a sign of decline, nearly fifteen percent of St. Louis’s dwellings stand vacant. Of those, nearly one in four is boarded up, with no immediate plans for occupancy. Many of them are, by building-code standards, unfit for human habitation. Even more troubling is the growing poverty rate.
Almost four in every ten families in the city are living below poverty level. For single mothers with children under five years of age, sixty-five percent are living in poverty.
Ellen, the daughter of middle-class St. Louisians, was a child of the postwar prosperity and also a witness to the change. She was seven years old when the triumphal Busch Arch was completed. But only five years later, by the time she was twelve, St. Louis passed another milestone among American cities: It had lost more of its people to the suburbs in the decade between 1962 and 1972 than any other American city. While few cities in America were immune to white flight, St. Louis’s problem was aggravated by an accompanying exodus among middle-class blacks to the cleaner, safer, and greener haven of outlying St. Louis County.
Today, downtown St. Louis is deserted after business hours. Along Market Street, Ellen would pass one after another building erected with equal proportions of magnitude all of them on a grand scale for the public administration of this place. The massive neoclassical edifices no longer symbolize grandeur and prosperity. Somehow, the better days were now long gone. This was no longer the gateway to the West. It was the place everyone wanted to leave.
Ellen worked at a modern, gray office building at 1010 Market. There she spent her day, keying hundreds of entries into a word processor for Andersen Consulting, a unit of Arthur Andersen & Co., the giant accounting firm. In 1988, she had been at Andersen for two years. She earned almost $20,000 a year, and appeared to be making a go of it as a divorced single parent.
To her coworkers, Ellen was a cheerful, gregarious, and hardworking employee. They actually knew next to nothing about the real Ellen Kay Booker Boehm—who had recently filed for bankruptcy protection, who had recently lost her home. They didn’t know that her husband had left her when she was eight months pregnant with her third child.
In her twenty-eight years, Ellen had seen much of what life can throw at people. She had been born and had lived every day of her life right here, in a ten-square-mile patch of South St. Louis. This was where she grew up, experienced the rite of passage of her first job out of high school. Here was where she met her husband. Had her children. Bought her first house. And this was where she was finally abandoned to fend for herself.
In August of that year she finally had to give up the house, a twostory, redbrick flat on tree-lined Wyoming Street in the heart of South St. Louis. The house looked out on the athletic grounds behind Roosevelt High School, her alma mater. It killed her to leave, but there was no alternative. After Paul had left, she first tried to make ends meet by renting out the upstairs, but that didn’t work out.
Ellen was supposed to get $105 a week in child support, but she couldn’t even locate her husband. When the mortgage and creditcard payments overtook her, she just walked away. The Veterans’ Administration, which held a mortgage for $30,000, took the house back.
This was a severe blow for someone who had always been very good with money. Fresh out of high school, on a modest salary as a secretary, Ellen had managed to save almost enough to make a down payment on a new car. It was a forest-green Dodge Aspen sedan right off the showroom floor at King Dodge.
Paul went with her to buy the car. Being a Chrysler man, he wanted to make sure she got a “slant six,” a six-cylinder engine with a longevity that had become a legend. The car had power steering and a few other nonstandard features, but it wasn’t loaded, as the lingo went, by any means. There was no air conditioning, for
example, a definite shortcoming during the peak of summer in St. Louis, where the heat could be suffocating. But Ellen was in love with the car just the same. She had saved $500 for a down payment, and when she learned that it wasn’t quite enough, Paul helped out. He made up what was needed with a $100 charge on his MasterCard, and Ellen was able to drive her new car out of the showroom.
The year was 1979. By all measures, the future looked bright. She had a job. She had a brand-new car. She was only nineteen years old, and out of high school barely a year. What’s more, she already knew the man she would marry. They had met when she was a senior at Roosevelt High, and Paul Boehm was a bus driver.
In fact, Paul was so enamored, he wanted to marry his young, blond passenger the day she graduated from high school. Ellen wanted to wait, not ready to take the plunge. She wanted to get out on her own for a while.
Not until June 7, 1980, after she had experienced the freedom as a young adult for almost two years after her high school graduation did Ellen make good on her promise to Paul. It was three days before her twentieth birthday. Her groom was practically old enough to be her father, and this wasn’t going to be his first marriage, nor would it be his last.
The newlyweds had considerable baggage that was destined to get in the way of their dream of a happy, normal life together. In Ellen’s case were the scars of childhood abuse, which were compounded by a life spent with an older, alcoholic father, who wasn’t even around during most of Ellen’s last year in high school, and who was dead by the time she married.
John Booker, at five-feet-ten inches, wasn’t tall, big-boned, or remarkably handsome. But women were taken by his pretty blue eyes, which in concert with his powerful thirst for whiskey and beer were his undoing. He could have been a wealthy man, but it was all blown away on women and drinking. This pattern was in full swing when he arrived in St. Louis in the middle fifties, looking for a job at McDonnell Douglas, the big aircraft company. He had traveled north
from the little town of Ripley, Mississippi, where he had been born and raised on a cotton farm. But he wasn’t a young Southern boy in search of a new destiny beyond the bayou. No, John Booker was already in his early forties, and he left behind a devout wife and seven children.
When he left Mary Gladys Booker, and their five sons and two daughters, he broke her heart. He wouldn’t tell a soul why he left. His children knew that he drank, that there were always other women on the periphery, but they also believed that their father truly loved Mary. It didn’t do her much good, though, because the divorce nearly killed her. She still loved the impossible John Booker. Though only forty-one, she never remarried or even dated.
But John did remarry, almost overnight, and within a year of his departure from Ripley, his new bride, Catherine, was expecting. After Catherine had a miscarriage, she quickly became pregnant again, and when a little girl was born, they named her Ellen Kay. For Catherine, it was to be her only child. For John, Baby Ellen was just that, his youngest. Back in Ripley, his next oldest child was a pretty toddler named Rita, who had absolutely no memory of her father.
Rita would wait until she was four years old to ever meet him. She remembers a man coming into the house, picking her up and swinging her around. Then he kissed her, put her back down, and left the room, going back outside with her brothers.
“Who was that?” little Rita asked her mother.
“That was your daddy.”
Some of John Booker’s discontent stemmed from family tragedy. When he was thirteen years old, he had lost his father in a horrible car-and-train accident. The last memory he had of his father was seeing him on fire, burning to death in the wreckage. John was in the accident, too, and so was his father’s sister, who also died, along with another couple and their baby. The ensuing teenage years were hard ones, and John Booker didn’t finish high school. Soon a working man, he became a drinker with a short temper that got him into frequent brawls.
Still, he and his mother lived on a large farm, making him fairly well off. Besides the main house, set on a large parcel planted in
cotton, there were other pieces of land, some with houses. One by one, John sold them off, squandering the proceeds. Finally, when his mother changed the will, the final eighty-two acres with the main house was protected from his philandering. It couldn’t be sold until after her son’s death.
When he left his native Mississippi behind, he never severed his emotional links there. In 1977, when Mary Gladys suddenly died of a massive heart attack at the age of sixty-one, her errant ex-husband made a prodigal trip to her funeral. He was quite sick himself, suffering from pneumonia, but he boarded an all-night bus in St. Louis. He was overcome at her funeral. His children would never forget how hard he cried over her death.
While Ellen and her mother were understanding about his need to attend the funeral of the mother of his seven other children, it was an entirely different matter when he abandoned St. Louis a few months later. This time he moved back to Ripley, living on the Booker estate with his sons.
At the time Ellen was a junior at Roosevelt High. Her father was sixty-four-years old and in suffering health. As it would turn out, he would never really come back to live with Catherine. After almost a year passed, he returned to St. Louis and was placed in a nursing home. In June of 1979, only a matter of months later, he died of cancer.
Ellen inherited her one-eighth share of the farm, which a stepbrother later bought, but John Booker’s legacy for her was mostly pain and betrayal. Before becoming an absentee father, he has been characterized as rigid and emotionally unavailable. Often he was drunk and abusive. Like many children of alcoholics, Ellen would marry the first man who paid real attention to her, and he would turn out in the most fateful way to be in some ways just like her father.
A Married Man
To Ellen, Paul represented an escape from the fractured home life she had known, and a chance to build her own family. In fact, Paul wouldn’t be able to offer the stability Ellen wanted, nor the happiness, and he, too, would spend a lot of time in bars.
When he met Ellen, Paul was a married man who lived alone in an small apartment at 3830 Iowa Street. His marriage was on the rocks, and it was not destined to be rescued. What had begun as a poignant romance between a soldier at war and a young woman from Missouri was now ending in acrimony. Besides the pain of a split involving children, Paul was also responsible for a more ominous legacy to the children he left behind.
In fall of 1969, as an American in Vietnam, Paul was like every other young Army grunt, except maybe he was just a little more lonely than some. Everyone else, it seemed, would get letters from home. Paul had given up writing home to his family in California, because they never wrote back. One day a buddy showed him a fistful of letters from young women back in the States, bragging that he actually had too many to answer. Give it a try, his buddy said.
Back in St. Louis, a young mother with two children and three jobs to keep it all going got the same kind of challenge from her friends. It happened one night when she was working one of her part-time jobs at a local bowling alley. Her co-workers goaded her into picking a name out of a hat. So Susan Emily took a chance, and the name she drew as a pen pal belonged to a wiry, small soldier from California, Paul Duane Boehm. The exchange of letters that followed during the next several months turned into a long-distance love affair, and by the spring of 1970, when Paul came home on a thirtyday leave, their correspondence culminated in an engagement.
When Paul’s plane landed at Lambert Field in St. Louis, he recognized Susan’s daughters, Patricia and Cheryl, but he could only assume that the heavyset blond standing with them was his brideto-be, because she had never sent any photographs of herself. Within a year, they were married, and only months later, Paul legally adopted Susan’s daughters. He pressed the adoption proceedings, because he was eager to make it official with the girls. Patricia and Cheryl would then share something in common with Paul, who had been adopted at birth.
Susan thought she had the best marriage any woman could want. Her husband loved her. She was seeing the world. He hadn’t balked when he first laid eyes on her, seeing that she was very overweight, which is the main reason she didn’t send him any pictures of herself. Throughout their marriage, whenever she mentioned her weight, he always assured her that he loved every one of her three hundredplus pounds.
After his tour of duty in Vietnam ended, Paul and Susan moved to Heidelberg, Germany, where he would be stationed until the end of 1973. In Germany, they had a son, Paul Duane, Jr. From her perspective, Susan was living an exciting and happy life.
From Germany, the family moved to Fort Carson, Colorado, and later to Fort Lewis, Washington, and another child was born. Her name was Terrie Lynn. After Paul was discharged, the family came home to St. Louis, where he got a job driving for Bi-State.
But by the spring of 1978, it was over. It was clear that Paul was ready to move on. He had met a fun-loving girl on his bus route. She was young enough to be his daughter, and just like his wife, she was overweight. His attraction to Ellen Booker was true to character so far, but what was different about Paul these days was that he had begun to drink more, something Susan never had experienced with him during all of their marriage.
Susan found out something else about Paul when he moved out, and she accused him of abusing her daughters. She took him to court and he eventually consented to counseling. The matter was laid to rest. Before long, she found a way to forgive Paul. Susan wanted her life to move on.
Still, she wanted the child support he owed but never paid. Susan hounded him whenever she had a chance. It was rare for them to have much else to talk about. Once, though, when Paul discovered that his ex-wife had decided to do something about her weight, he was surprised to learn that with some surgery and dieting, Susan was now a trimmer 155 pounds.
“Why didn’t you ever do that for me?” he asked.
It was clear that Paul liked what he saw, even though he also had never once complained about her weight, but instead had found a way to flatter her on the subject. These pleasant exchanges were sometimes quick to degenerate.
“What did you ever do for me?” Paul griped.
As Paul began planning his marriage to Ellen, he rented the upper flour of a house on Wyoming Street. Ellen was gung-ho about living together, and she had found the place. At the time the rent was only $100 a month, which for Paul was a bargain because he had been paying $150.
The new apartment was very nice, too. There were three large rooms and a yard out back. It provided them all the basics, though not much more, to start a marriage. After a year passed, the owner, an old woman who lived on the first floor, began to have health problems. When she decided to sell the house, Paul and Ellen were given first crack. He was pleased to discover that the house was a worthwhile investment. It was structurally sound, and with a few minor improvements, he learned, it would pass the Veterans Administration requirements for a mortgage. The neighborhood was a modest but respectable one. The streets were lined with solid, redbrick homes.
The first thing the new homeowners did was move into the downstairs flat, so they could rent out the upstairs. In time, after Ellen’s mother lost her job and Paul and Ellen began helping her out with electric and gas bills, Paul decided to offer to let her move in with them. He fixed up the basement and Catherine moved in downstairs. While Ellen’s mother had to share the bath with her daughter and son-in-law and grandchildren, she had a modicum of
independence down in the basement. There was a microwave and a refrigerator, and she had privacy, plus her own entrance. She didn’t have to pay rent or utilities or even a phone bill, because Paul ran an extension line down to her.
The only problem was a big one. Ellen never wanted her mother to move in to begin with: This was to be her new beginning. She had imagined what it would be like, and that fantasy did not include her mother living in the basement. With Paul, plus this home on Wyoming Street, she could start her own family. She would have it all: the home, the family, and the man to share it with. Where did her mother fit into all this?
In the first year, a daughter, Stacy Ann, was born. In September of 1982, when Stacy was a year old, they bought the house on the GI Bill. Two years after that, Ellen would become pregnant with a second child, and then another.
By this time, cracks were already developing, and a major reason was the bizarre and fantastic world of professional wrestling. Early on, Paul had discovered that his bride-to-be was fascinated with it. At first he wondered whether this passion for the National Wrestling Association, known by its shorthand acronym as the NWA, would be a passing stage. He soon got the answer. Ellen’s zeal for the sport was such that she attended matches whenever, and almost wherever, she could. Certainly, if there was a match in town at Kiel Auditorium, Ellen would be there.
During the first year of their marriage, Paul went along with Ellen, though he never shared her excitement for the matches. He just wanted to spend time with his new wife, going out for the night. That year Paul and Ellen bought season tickets for the local matches. Ellen was tickled that they got seats in the fourth row, and they went to every match.
The following year, they would again get season tickets, and the year after that, Paul discovered himself being dragged along again, even though his interest was falling off. These circuslike events make for outrageous entertainment for the majority of the sport’s buffs, but to Ellen it was much, much more. Paul soon started to find it
hard to sit through the matches, and couldn’t understood his wife’s passion for the fakery of it all. In fact, he never would.
On one fateful night, in a packed Kiel Auditorium, another newlywed couple sat right in front of Paul and Ellen. They, too, had season tickets, and just like Paul and Ellen, it was the wife who was the real fan.
Deanne Smith had been married in the fall of 1980. Like Ellen, Deanne had insisted on getting season tickets, but her new husband was more reserved about mingling in crowds than she was. He used to rib her about how she would dive into a conversation with anybody who would listen, and his gentle kidding about it soon turned to griping, because it really did make him uncomfortable. He used to joke with her that she would probably resort to talking with a goat, if there were no one else available, as long as it nodded its head or acted as if it were paying attention.
Deanne wasn’t going to be bridled, even by her new husband. She soon picked up on Ellen’s enthusiasm about the matches, and before long, Deanne was turning around to talk to the fanatic sitting behind her.
Ellen and Deanne were two of a kind in a number of ways. Deanne had been working as a legal secretary at Kortenhof Ely, on Locust Street downtown. Besides being a newlywed who was crazy about professional wrestlers, Deanne could see that she and Ellen shared something else that fostered an empathy between the two of them. Deanne, like Ellen, was grossly overweight.
Ellen had found it hard to shed the extra weight she had put on when she carried Stacy, and by the time she was pregnant with Steve, which was when she first met Deanne, it was starting to look like a losing battle. Deanne, being slightly taller, could find ways to more easily hide an extra twenty pounds than Ellen could, but twenty pounds here or there wasn’t the issue. Deanne weighed more than three hundred pounds. In fact, her exact weight was three hundred and thirty-two pounds.
In no time, the two women became friends. They talked about wrestling, about diets, about clothes, and about their husbands.
Though at first, their only contact was at Kiel Auditorium, their friendship was fated to become more than occasional.
One reason was that their marriages were failing. Ellen noticed that Deanne’s husband had stopped coming to the matches. Deanne noticed the same thing about Paul. Deanne would still bring her stepson, but that changed when Deanne realized that her marriage would be short-lived, and that the boy would soon have a new stepmother. What was the point of bringing her stepson anymore?
When Deanne told Ellen that she was going to start using her maiden name, Bond, again because she was getting a divorce, Ellen was sympathetic. Deanne gave Ellen her phone number at home, and they soon became phone friends at night after work.
Deanne appreciated the moral support. Sometimes Ellen would call just to see how Deanne was doing. As the calls became more regular, Deanne didn’t mind. In fact, she enjoyed the conversation with Ellen. After a while, Deanne was beginning to realize, as sometimes one does without saying it to the other party on the line, that the calls from Ellen were serving some important purpose for Ellen was well. Deanne was learning about how lonely Ellen was.
Paul wasn’t coming to the matches anymore, and he also wasn’t coming right home after work. In his place, Ellen would drag along a girlfriend or two to Kiel, and she was finding solace in what became daily phone contact with Deanne. They would only talk for a few minutes, and it could be about anything.
In was during this time, in the spring of 1984, that Ellen’s stepsister visited St. Louis. Now a woman with a family of her own, Rita felt a family obligation to look up her relative. She also knew that Ellen was the only one who could help her find their father’s grave, which Rita wanted to visit.
When she called Ellen’s home, Paul answered.
“Yeah, come on over,” he said, sounding excited to have Ellen’s relatives visit. “I’ll give you directions.”
So Rita and her husband, along with her son and her husband’s sister and his brother-in-law, drove to the Boehm house on Wyoming. Rita was not completely comfortable around Paul, but everyone was polite when he opened the door and invited them in.
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elephantiasis of, 370 figure-of-8-bandage of, 189 fractures of, 518 treatment of, 521
Leiomyoma, 277
Lembert’s suture, 841
Lens, dislocation of, 604
Leontiasis, 438
Leprosy, 308 bacillus of, 54
Leptomeningitis, 572 diagnosis of, 573 prognosis of, 573 suppuration, 572 symptoms of, 572 traumatic basilar, 572 treatment of, 753
Leptothrix fungi, 56
Leukemia, 32 lymphatic, 32 pseudo-, 32 splenomedullary, 32
Leukocytes, classification of, 30 count, differential, 32 definition of, 29 diapedesis of, 43 migration of, 43 physical properties of, 40
Leukocytosis in septicemia, 88
Leukoderma, 131
Leukokeratosis, 137
Leukopenia, 30
Leukoplakia, 137, 659 treatment of, 659
Ligation of arteries, 350 abdominal aorta, 356 axillary, 355
brachial, 355
carotid, common, 351 external, 352 internal, 352
circumflex, 359
epigastric, 359 facial, 352 femoral, 359
gangrene from, 73
iliac, common, 356 external, 357 internal, 357
innominate, 350
lingual, 352
occipital, 352
popliteal, 360 radial, 356 temporal, 352
thyroid, inferior, 353
tibial, anterior, 360 posterior, 360
ulnar, 356
vertebral, 353
Ligatures, 236 fate of, 237
Lingua plicata, 652
Lingual artery, ligation of, 352 nerve, operations on, 616
Lipoma, 269 of breast, 760 dolorosa, 269 subcutaneous, 269 subserous, 269 subsynovial, 269 of testicle, 1017 of thorax, 729
Lips, absence of, 638
congenital defects of, 638 fistulas of, 638 hypertrophy of, 638 operations on, 645
Liquid air, 205 in treatment of cancer, 296
Lister’s incisions in excision of wrist, 411
Litholapaxy, 987, 988
Lithotomy, 987, 988 perineal, 990
Lithotrity, 987
Litigation spine, 628
Littre’s hernia, 898
Liver, abscess of, 911 symptoms of, 912 treatment of, 912 actinomycosis of, 914 adenoma of, 914 aneurysms of, 914 carcinoma of, 914
congenital displacements of, 910 cysts of, hydatid, 913 treatment of, 913 endothelioma of, 914 fibroma of, 914 floating, 910 symptoms of, 910 treatment of, 911 injuries of, 911 sarcoma of, 914 syphilis of, 138, 914 tumors of, 914 wounds of, 911
Lizards, poisoning by, 172
Lock finger, 320 treatment of, 320
Lockjaw, 97. See Tetanus.
Lordosis, 461
Ludwig’s angina, 658, 703
Lumbar abscess, 114 hernia, 897
Lumpy jaw, 109
Lungs abscess of, 734
actinomycosis of, 732, 734 carcinoma of, 732
decortication of, 750 dermoids of, 732
echinococcus cysts of, 732
empyema of, 736
endothelioma of, 732
gangrene of, 734 hernia of, 735
hydatid cysts of, 732 laceration of, 721
rupture of, 725 sarcoma of, 732
syphilitic gumma of, 732 tumors of, 732 wounds of, 724 treatment of, 726
Lupus vulgaris, 306
Luxation, 524. See Dislocations.
Lymph cysts, 278 nodes, 375
arrangement of, 369 carcinoma of, 376 cervical, affections of, 705 treatment of, 706 syphilis of, 705 tuberculosis of, 705 gonorrhea of, 376 in Hodgkin’s disease, 376 injuries and diseases of, 368 relation of, to infection, 96
syphilis of, 376 tuberculosis of, 376 tumors of, 378 vessels, arrangement of, 369 injuries and diseases of, 368 occlusion of, 369 acquired, 369 congenital, 369
Lymphangiectasis, 370
Lymphangioma, 278 cavernous, 278 circumscriptum, 374 treatment of, 374 of ear, congenital, 606 lymph cysts, 278 lymphatic nevus, 278 of skin, 315 treatment of, 315 treatment of, 279
Lymphangitis, 374 chronic, 375 gonorrheal, 151 treatment of, 375
Lymphatic chlorotic constitution, 163 constitution, 163 leukemia, 32 nevus, 278
Lymphatics, tuberculosis of, 116 tumors of, 378
Lymphatism, 163
Lymphedema, 369
Lymphocytosis, 30
Lymphodermia perniciosa, 164
Lymphoma, 378 malignant, 32
Lymphorrhagia, 372
Lymphosarcoma, 273, 378
Lyssophobia, 104 M
M A ’s operation for hernia, 904
McBurney’s method of amputation of hip-joint, 1045 point in appendicitis, 855
Macrocheilia, 373, 638
Macroglossia, 373, 660 congenital, 652
Macromelia, 373
Macrostoma, 638
Madura foot, 110, 309 fungi, 56 treatment of, 110
Malar bones, fractures of, 489
Malformations of anus, 872 of bladder, 977 of chin, 638 of ears, congenital, 604 of esophagus, acquired, 737 congenital, 737 treatment of, 738 of face, acquired, 639 of gall-bladder, 916 of intestines, large, 869 small, acquired, 823 congenital, 822 of larynx, 671 of nasal septum, 671 of nose, 676 of nostrils, 671 of pharynx, 671 of rectum, 872 of respiratory passages, acquired, 671 congenital, 671
treatment of, 671 of soft palate, 671 of sternum, 718 of stomach, acquired, 793 congenital, 793 of teeth, 652 of thorax, 718, 719 of tongue, 652
Malgaigne’s operation for hare-lip, 647
Malignant edema, 108 See Edema, malignant pustule, 106. See Anthrax.
Mania, traumatic, 175
Marasmic thrombosis, 36
Mastitis, 756 chronic, 757 treatment of, 758
Mastodynia, 758
Mastoid disease, 574 operation, 575
Matas’ method of treating aneurysm, 348
Maxilla, inferior, fractures of, 490 treatment of, 490 superior, fractures of, 489
Maxillary sinus, operations on, 611
Measles, secondary infection in, 167
Meatotomy, 155
Meckel’s diverticulum, 822
Median nerve, operations on, 623
Mediastinitis, 728 treatment of, 728
Mediotarsal amputation of Chopart, 1037
Megaloblasts, definition of, 29
Melanoma, 275 of skin, 316 treatment of, 317
Melanosarcoma, 275
Melon-seed bodies, 322
Meningeal artery, middle, injuries of, 563
Meningitis, 571 treatment of, 572
Meningocele, 576
cranial, 263 spinal, 625
Meningomyelocele, 626
Mercurial necrosis of bone, 428
Mercury, toxic effects of, 175
Mesarteritis, 338
Mesenteric phlebitis, 362
Mesentery, absence of, 939
actinomycosis of, 939 anatomy of, 937 cancer of, 939 cysts of, 940 embolism of, 938 injuries of, 938 syphilis of, 939 thrombosis of, 938 tuberculosis of, 939 treatment of, 939
Metacarpophalangeal dislocations, 536 treatment of, 537
Metastasis, 91
Metastatic abscess, 91 osteomyelitis, 92
Metatarsalgia, 470 treatment of, 470
Methylene bichloride, 198
Microblasts, definition of, 29
Micrococcus gonorrhϾ, 53 lanceolatus, 53 tetragenus, 53
Microörganisms in blood, 35
Microstoma, 638, 652
Mikulicz’s disease, 650
Milk in lacteals, infection through, 50 leg, 362
Milzbrand, 106. See Anthrax.
Molluscum contagiosum, 312
Morphine, 205
Morrison’s operation on omentum, 936
Mortification, 73. See Gangrene.
Morton’s disease, 470 treatment of, 470
Mother’s marks, 367
Mouth, absence of, 638 actinomycosis of, 657 bacteria of, 657
blastomycetic lesions of, 658
congenital defects of, 652
diphtheria of, 657
erysipelas of, 657 injuries of, 658
syphilis of, 657 tuberculosis of, 657 wounds of, 658
Movable bodies in joints, 401 diagnosis of, 402 symptoms of, 401 treatment of, 402
Mucous membrane, infection through, 48 syphilis of, 132 tuberculosis of, 115 polyp, 283
Mulberry growths, 282
Multicystic kidney, 969
Mumps, secondary infection in, 168
Murphy button, 820, 844
Muscles, atrophies of, 332 treatment of, 332 contractures of, 332 treatment of, 332
contusions of, 329 of eyes, defects of, 604 hernia of, 330 injuries of, 218 myalgia, 330 treatment of, 331 myositis, 331 calcificans, 331 ossificans, 272, 331 syphilitica, 136, 331 tuberculosa, 331 paralytic affections of, 332 treatment of, 332 parasitic affections of, 332 rupture of, 329 treatment of, 330 sprains of, 329 strains of, 329 syphilis of, 136, 331 tuberculosis of, 331 wounds of, 330
Musculospiral nerve, operations on, 623
Myalgia, 330 treatment of, 331
Mycetoma, 309
Mycosis fungoides, 308
Mycotic phlebitis, 90
Myeloid, 274
Myeloma of bone, 442
Myosarcoma, 274
Myositis, 331 calcificans, 331 gonococcus of, 331 ossificans, 272, 331 syphilitica, 136, 331 tuberculosa, 331
Myotomy, 327
Myxoma, 276 of bladder, 992 of bone, 441 cutaneous, 276 neuromyxoma, 276 polypi, 276 N
N horns, 283
Naphthalin, toxic effects of, 175
Nares, anterior, plugging of, 681
Nasal cavities, neoplasms of, 677 symptoms of, 678 treatment of, 678 deformities, 676 polypi, 677
septum, malformations of, 671
submucous resection of, 677
Nasopharynx, fibroma of, 679
Neck, aneurysms of, 701 canal of, hydrocele of, 261 carbuncles of, 704 congenital anomalies of, 698 treatment of, 698 cysts of, 707
atheromatous, 707
bursal, 707
dermoid, 707
sanguineous, 701, 707
thyrohyoid, 707 hydroceles of, 261 injuries of, 698 muscles of, injuries of, 700, 701 nerves of, injuries of, 700, 701 phlegmons of, 700, 703
diagnosis of, 703 treatment of, 703 tumors of, 706 veins of, wounds of, 700 wounds of, 698 air-embolism in, 699 gunshot, 229
Necrosis of bone, 428 pathological, 428 toxic, 428 treatment of, 428 traumatic, 428 coagulation, 57 of skull, 549
Nephritis, chronic, treatment of, operative, 959 indications for, 960 septic, 956 symptoms of, 957 treatment of, 957
Nephrolysis, 960
Nélaton’s incision in excision of elbow, 410 operation for hare-lip, 647
Neoplasms of ear, 605 intestinal obstruction from, 833 of nasal cavities, 677 of spleen, 943
Nephralgia, 956
Nephrectomy, 960, 974
Nephrolithotomy, 966
Nephropexy, 968
Nephroptosis, 967
Nephrotomy, 960
Nervanin, 207
Nerves, acoustic, neurofibroma of, 584
anterior crural, operations on, 623 brachial plexus, operations on, 623 cervical plexus, deep posterior, operations on, 618
sympathetic, operations on, 618
cranial, injuries of, 612
dislocation of, 624
elongation of, 612
of eye, disturbances of, 604 of face, injuries of, 640 operations on, 616
fibroma of, 622
fifth, operations on, 613
Gasserian ganglion, operations on, 614 grafting of, 612
infra-orbital, operations on, 613
injuries of, 217
lingual operations on, 616
median, operations on, 623
musculospiral, operations on, 623
optic, tumors of, 593
peripheral, diseases and injuries of, 622
radial, operations on, 623
resection of, 613
sciatic, great, operations on, 623
seventh, operations on, 616
spinal accessory, operations on, 617
stretching of, 612
supra-orbital, operations on, 613
suture of, 612
tibial, operations on, 623
trunks, upper, injuries to, 725 treatment of, 726 tumors of, 622
ulnar, operations on, 623 wounds of, 612
Nervous system, syphilis of, 138
Nettle, stinging, poisoning by, 173
Neural cysts, 263
Neuralgia of breast, 758
treatment of, 758
facial, 640 intercostal, 728
Neurectomy, 612
Neuro-anastomosis for facial palsy, 616
Neurofibroma of acoustic nerve, 584 of skin, 313
Neuroma, 280 amputation, 1047 malignant, 280 plexiform, 280, 622
Neuromyxoma, 276
Neuroparalytic congestion, 20
Neurorrhaphy, 612
Neurotonic congestion, 20
Nevi of tongue, 659
Nevus, 277 lymphatic, 278 pigmentosus, 314 venous, 367 congenital, 367
Newborn, tetanus of, 97, 99
Nipple, chancre of, 759 eczema of, 316 fissures of, 756
Paget’s disease of, 316, 756
Nitze’s cystoscope, 993
Noma, 75, 658
Normoblasts, definition of, 29
Nose-bleed, 680 calculi of, 672 fractures of, 489 malformations of, 676 operations on, 644
Nostrils, malformations of, 671
O’D ’s intubation tubes, 693
Obligate pyogenic organisms, 52
Obstruction of intestines, acute, 828 from intussusception, 829 causes of, 830 symptoms of, 830 treatment of, 831 from invagination, 829 from strangulated hernias, 829 from volvulus, 832 large intestines, 870
Obstructive thrombosis, 36
Obturator hernia, 897
Occipital abscess, 569 artery, ligation of, 352 cephalocele, 576
Occlusion of lymph vessels, 369 acquired, 369 congenital, 369
Odontoma, 281 cementoma, 281 composite, 281 epithelial, 281 fibrous, 281 follicular, 281 compound, 281 of jaw, 668 radicular, 281 of teeth, 665
Oïdiomycosis, 310
Oïdium albicans of thrush, 657
Oiled silk, sterilization of, 248
Olecranon, fractures of, 501
Oligocythemia, 29
Ollier’s incision in excision of elbow, 410 of hip, 411 of knee, 413
of shoulder, 410 of wrist, 411
Omentopexy, 936
Omentosplenopexy, 936
Omentum, anatomy of, 934 cysts of, 935 injuries of, 935 operations on, 936 torsion of, 935 tumors of, 935
Onychia maligna, 318
Operations, abdominal, 773 on biliary passages, 927 on breast, 764 for cure of hernia, 901 on esophagus, 745 on face, 642 on gall-bladder, 927 on intestines, 840 on jaws, 668 on kidneys, 974 on larynx, 688 on lips, 645 mastoid, 574 on nose, 644 on omentum, 936 on prostate, 998 on spine, 636 on spleen, 943 on stomach, 805 thoracoplastic, 748 on thorax, 746 on tongue, 661 on trachea, 691 for tumors of brain, 585 on ureters, 976
Ophthalmitis, sympathetic, 595
treatment of, 596
Opisthotonos, 100
Opsonins in inflammation, 44
Optic nerve, tumors of, 593
Orbit, aneurysms of, 592
angioma of, 592 cellulitis of, 592 cysts of, dermoid, 593 parasitic, 593 encephalocele of, 593 endothelioma of, 593 epithelioma of, 593 injuries of, 592 treatment of, 593 sarcoma of, 593 syphilis of, 597 tumors of, 593 cystic, 593 vascular, 593 wounds of, 592
Orchitis, 1017 treatment of, 1017
Oropharynx, syphilis of, 137
Orthoform, 207
Osseous system, surgical diseases of, 416
Osteo-arthritis, 387 treatment of, 389
Osteo-arthropathic hypertrophiante pneumique, 436
Osteogenesis imperfecta, 435
Osteoma, 272 of bone, 441 of jaw, 668 of skull, 548 of thorax, 730
Osteomalacia, 434 prognosis of, 434 treatment of, 435
Osteomyelitis of abdominal wall, 783 acute, 416, 548 complications of, 419 diagnosis of, 419 etiology of, 419 organisms at fault in, 417 pathology of, 416 prognosis of, 418 symptoms of, 418 treatment of, 419 chronic, 421 tuberculous, 423 of jaw, 667 latent, 421 metastatic, 92
Osteopathic joint disease, 394
Osteoporosis, 422, 436 adiposa, 416
Osteopsathyrosis, 435
Osteosarcoma, 274
Osteosclerosis, 422
Ostitis deformans, 436
Othematoma of insane, 605 traumatic, 605
Otis’ dilating urethrotome, 157, 1012 urethrometer, 1012
Ovarian cystoma, 284 glandular, 284 papillary, 284 dermoids, 267 hernia, 897 hydrocele, 261 papilloma, 282
Ovary, tuberculosis of, 118
Overlapping ears, 605
Ozena, 137, 671
P , 313
Pachymeningitis externa, 572 interna, 572
Paget’s disease of bones, 436 of nipple, 316, 756
Palate, cleft, operation for, 654 soft, diseases and injuries of, 682
Palsy, Bell’s, 640 facial, neuro-anastomosis for, 616
Palsies, cerebral, 478 treatment of, 478
Panarthritis, tuberculous, 395
Pancreas, abscess of, 949 adenocarcinoma of, 953 adenoma of, 953 affections of, acute, 946 chronic, 950 diagnosis of, 951 treatment of, 951 anomalies of, 944 calculi of, 954 cancer of, 953 cirrhosis of, 950 cysts of, 951 diagnosis of, 952 symptoms of, 952 treatment of, 952 injuries to, 947 neoplasms of, 951 non-traumatic surgical diseases of, 946 sarcoma of, 953 tumors of, 953
Pancreatic cysts, 262
Pancreatitis, acute, 946 diagnosis of, 947
from appendicitis, 858 symptoms of, 947 treatment of, 948 chronic, 950 gangrenous, 946 hemorrhagic, 946 interstitial, 950 subacute, 949 diagnosis of, 949 symptoms of, 949 treatment of, 950 suppurative, 946
Pannus of joints, 395 Panophthalmitis, 595 treatment of, 595
Papillary cystoma, 284
Papilloma, 282 of bladder, 992 cutaneous horns, 283 of ear, 605 of larynx, 686 ovarian, 282 of penis, 1009 of tongue, 659 treatment of, 283 villous, 282 intracystic, 282 warts, 282
Paracentesis, 184 by aspiration, 184 by incision, 185 of pericardium, 336, 733 by tapping, 185
Paraffin cancer, 316
Paralysis, diaphragmatic, 753 facial, 640 hyperemia of, 21
