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Crushing the IT Gender Bias

Thriving as a Woman in Technology

CRUSHING THE IT GENDER BIAS

THRIVING AS A WOMAN IN TECHNOLOGY

Crushing the IT Gender Bias: Thriving as a Woman in Technology

Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman

Westminster, CO, USA

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-4414-2

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-4415-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4415-9

Copyright © 2019 by Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

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While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

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Printed on acid-free paper

This book is dedicated to the next generation of technology. May you look like the world and shape it to serve more of the world we live in.

I also dedicate the time it took to write, my energy, and my heart that went into this book to my children—they are the reason I do everything in this world and are my legacy.

Contents

About the Author

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1: The Numbers Behind the Stories

Chapter 2: The Complexities Behind the Challenges for Women in Technology

Chapter 3: Turning Good Intentions into Positive Changes

Chapter 4: Knowing Your Path Is Owning Your Path

Chapter 5: How to Find Mentors and Secure Sponsorship

Chapter 6: Moving at the Speed of Light

Chapter 7: Stories from the Trenches

Chapter 8: Closure and New Beginning

About the Author

Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman has over two decades of technical experience and has worked for small startups as well as large companies, including Oracle and Microsoft. Kellyn is one of the most recognized women in technology in the database community and presents on deep technical topics at database, DevOps, big data, and development events. Her social media presentations and written material are well respected for her thought leadership and technical content. She is the author of four technical books and has published books and articles around diversity and inclusion. She is also a longterm mentor and sponsor of women in both the database and development communities.

Acknowledgments

I’d like to thank my wonderful husband, Tim Gorman, for his immense support and love. Having a partner who truly values equality in a marriage makes an incredible difference in this world. Tim, you are my partner in this trip we call life, love, and in tech. I couldn’t ask for a better person to share this journey with.

I also want to thank Microsoft for demonstrating no matter how many challenges there are for diversity and inclusion, they are proof that small and real changes can make a difference. As I had started to realize that change needed to be done with those around me and no way could I change the world, Microsoft has chosen to focus on what they could change inside the company and it shows.

Now that I’ve been employed with Microsoft a year and after 20 years in the industry, I’m working on a team with more than two women. It’s the first time in over 15 years. In a team of five, three are women, and two of us are in deeply technical roles. Microsoft is the one company I’ve experienced where diversity and inclusion are a higher priority everyday and part of every goal. It’s not just a check in a box. This policy to change the status quo in tech and a dedication to making a difference can bring, even for a war-worn, battle maiden like me, peace and harmony.

Introduction

When my career first began, I was on a team of five women Database Administrators (DBAs). Within 9 months, one of the five who was hired at the same time as I was left the industry. She was young, single, had a degree in Computer Science (CS) with a focus on database technology, and had no children. I had difficulty understanding how I, a divorced mother of three, with a young baby and no CS degree, would make it if she couldn’t.

Over the next 6 years, I was too busy with my own career and raising children to notice that I’d gone from an all-female DBA team to the lone woman on the team. As my career continued to advance, my traditional idea that women were Database Administrators and men were in networking and server administration changed to a point where the cultural norm that men were in IT and women were a rarity in the industry became the reality around me. It wasn’t until an unsettling situation experienced by a peer forced me to examine what the real culprit was, and I discovered most policies around discrimination and harassment were rarely capable of deterring from gender bias impacting diversity. I felt the need to speak out, but it was clear that I needed to begin research to understand it all. Bias is a complex biological mechanism that developed historically as part of heuristics and is built out of experiences and cultural upbringing. Historically, heuristic traits are built to protect us from consuming plants that look similar to those we already know are poisonous or avoid similar environment situations that previously put us in danger. We learn by experience and example, but to do so, a human will simplify and categorize their surroundings to ease the demand for deep investigation of safety concerns. To give you a less dangerous example of how heuristics works, if I were to give you a lime, you expect to be handed a small, round, green citrus. If instead you were offered a red, fingerling lime, a bananashaped minority of the lime family originally from Australia, a percentage of people will have great difficulty accepting the fact that it’s a lime. It doesn’t fit within their expectation of a what a lime looks like. This protective process that bias sources from has a significant purpose though, as it is used to identify environmental dangers, such as poisonous foods and physical threats, will also arise in this benign situation, resulting in a percentage of individuals rejecting the lime that doesn’t meet their expected criteria. We are all subject to heuristics, both men and women, although some personality types are more dependent upon their heuristic tendencies. They don’t like to be outside their comfort zone, breaking with tradition or open to change.

The overall goal of this book is If we don’t know there’s a problem, how can we fix it? As our use of heuristics is with a protective measure, it can be unconscious, and as part of bias is built off of culture and upbringing, heuristics can be integrated into our society seamlessly. A second goal of this book is to share with women in the industry insight, knowledge, and support to help them succeed.

My own journey has led me to realize how difficult culture and bias are to address, let alone change, but with change can come great growth and benefits for everyone. Without this change, the tech industry’s growth is stunted; it’s unable to evolve and develop to its full potential. The products produced by a nondiverse technical industry will be limited in the ability to fulfill the needs of the customers they’re expected to represent.

The Numbers Behind the Stories

A fact is a piece of information backed by evidence and data, unlike an opinion, which is based on personal experience and views. As bias is sourced from a person’s experiences and point of view, it is only natural that some readers may doubt its existence. This chapter will include experiences, as well as the data behind them, to help us along on our journey.

My Realization of Bias

After I’d been in the industry for a decade, I had one of the last opportunities to work with a female peer, who we’ll call “Ann.” Ann had been my lead DBA back in 2004, and I had a great respect for her technical skills, as well as her capabilities as a leader. After I’d been a witness to her previous year filled with challenges and confusing management decisions, she was forced to leave the company we were employed at. A conflict had arisen between her and a male peer, “George,” and continued to escalate without relief from management or HR until she finally resigned. I felt helpless on how to assist her as I was friends with both individuals involved and had recommended both to their roles which lead to their employment at the company. I knew, without a doubt, I was observing George’s insecurities around Ann’s natural leadership skills.

© Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman 2019

K. Pot’Vin-Gorman, Crushing the IT Gender Bias, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4415-9_1

A database administrator’s job is often high stress, and the company we worked for was more so than the average due to the demands. When disaster struck, Ann was calm and thoughtful, while George, no matter how technically skilled, was short-tempered and tended to lash out at others around him. As frustrated as I was with George’s behavior, I was more frustrated with the management who couldn’t see Ann’s leadership skills and had promoted George over her just a month after hiring them both. When I’d made my recommendation to hire them, I’d clearly recommended Ann for the lead role and George to take on the demand of duties, as he was what I deemed, “a workhorse” (a role I relate myself to, so it’s easy for me to recognize the type).

As the situation between Ann and George degraded, Human Resources had little ability to manage the situation, and Ann left the company, retiring from the technical world shortly after. I took Ann’s departure hard as I attempted to decipher how I could have helped more. I departed the company in the coming months, losing both two peers and losing one friend. I lost Ann as a peer because I felt I had let her down, and I lost George as both because I wasn’t sure who had let all of us down.

I soon after reached out to Ann and asked her to lunch. Upon our first meeting, the reasons she gave for leaving technology appeared valid, but the way she spoke, the sadness in her voice, and from my own knowledge of what she went through told me there was a lot more to it.

Ann was first hesitant to say more, but as I stressed, I was conflicted about what had happened; she seemed to feel relieved to have someone to confide in. I admitted that I had my own failure in helping her with what transpired, uncertain of how I could have better supported her at our previous company. I continued to speak with her at length, and in numerous conversations during the next few months, she described decades of frustrations and small, consistent challenges that had hindered her career. None of the situations were outright discrimination but were clear bias that were difficult to pin down. She’d attempted to address it but repeatedly found she failed miserably due to the gray area these situations fell into, and the more she confided in me, the more I realized I’d experienced many of the same challenges myself. Like Ann, I hadn’t identified them as being gender related but simply thought it was something only I was experiencing. At this stage in my career, bias was a term used rarely, if ever, and here we were voicing what so many other women were silently cursing.

The Disappearance of Female Peers

My experience with Ann happened in 2011 and two years before Sheryl Sandberg published her successful book Lean In. There was significant little being published about the challenges of women in technology in print or on the Web. As I discovered more and more women at risk, I started to take a

deeper look into the challenges to understand the source of bias in our world. At this time and in my own professional circle, I’d worked with over 50 men and 13 women as Database Administrators (DBA). With some quick research (Figure 1-1), I discovered that one of my previous male peers had left the database administration industry, having retired, but for the women, there was a drastic difference. Eight of the thirteen women I’d worked with had left the technical industry. Three had retired but retired early (in their 50s), while the rest had left to pursue different industries, often with more diversity. These were intriguing numbers, and I realized I needed to dig in and understand why.

Peer History in the Industry

Still in the industr yLeft the industry

My natural curiosity makes me an acute observer, but even your own bias can put blinders on you. I suddenly faced this truth, realizing that my own bias had been present since my first job as a Database Administrator. I’d been hired, along with another woman, “Debbie,” as a DBA, but neither of us had previous experience. Debbie had just graduated with a Computer Science (CS) degree specializing in database technology. She was single and didn’t have any children, while I was married with three children, including a newborn, and I possessed no degree or certification in database technology. While she seemed to quickly acclimate with years of formal education, I was surviving on my natural knack and intelligence, in hopes no one would notice how little knowledge I possessed about databases. Debbie had skills, and I was the one “faking it until you make it.”

Figure 1-1. Peer histor y in the industry and the disappearance of female peers in my database career

Nine months into our employment, Debbie came to me and said, “Kellyn, I’m a black woman working in technology. It’s just not working, and I’ve decided to go over to the project management team.” Although surprised, I understood why she was leaving. We had poor leadership for our team, while the project management team was led by an incredibly gifted woman who was a natural leader. I remember thinking to myself, “If she can’t make it with all this going for her, how the heck am I going to?” I accepted why she was leaving from a high level but didn’t correlate how much the impact of bias, women in technology, and diversity was part of the equation. My own bias told me that it was just her unique decision and my own white privilege or similar challenges had nothing to do with my own successes and failures.

Power in Numbers

The numbers (Figure 1-2) show how people of color are some of the least found in technology. Undistinguishing by gender, blacks only make up less than 3% of tech positions, while Hispanics make up less than 5%.1 The National Science Foundation calculated data on people who were employed in fields outside their tech degree (or unemployed with a technical degree) and found that the percentage of men and women of color were much higher than for white men. 2

Figure 1-2. Underutilization of people in color in the technical industry

1“Delivering Growth through Diversity,” McKinsey, January, 2018, https:// www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/ delivering-through-diversity.

2National Science Foundation Report, S&E Indicators, 2018, https:// www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/report/sections/ science-and-engineering-labor-force/s-e-labor-market-conditions.

Many of us in the technical community have already noticed the lacking diversity, not just how few women there were in the industry. As I began to present at technical events, I noted how the few people of color would connect and that no matter the strength of initiatives for Diversity and Inclusion appeared to be, the ability to break through and have a true representation from people of color hasn’t occurred.

The challenge may partly lie in economics and how we fund schools (Figure 1-3). Along with increased risk of poverty for people of color, schools are funded based on property taxes for a local district. If a student is already in a low-income family and belongs to a district that’s low income, the school district will receive less funds in the way of local business and property taxes toward per student education expenditures than a district that has a larger influx of tax dollars.

Adding to the challenge are the limited resources schools have and how education is focused vs. the workforce (Figure 1-4). When I was in high school in 1980, I was offered programming classes to learn Basic, as well as computer architecture. My children are attending school 30 years later, yet we have 41 states that still don’t require any technical education toward a high school diploma.

Figure 1-3. Spending per student, by school district in the United States

Kids who are offered computer classes in school are more likely to be taught office technology (spreadsheets, word processing documents, and presentations) vs. actual critical thinking or programming education. Colorado has one of the highest average college educated populations in the United States, yet for my children to attend a class on Java programming, they would need to attend a vocational school. The vocational school in my district already has the stigma of attendance by those who can’t graduate with the average population, so what does this say about the future of technology?

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics has estimated 1.4 million new technical jobs by 2020 that we will require a skilled workforce to fill, but per CS Education Statistics, the United States will have approximately 400,000 graduates in Computer Science to fill them.3 The goal of education is to prepare young adults for the future, but if we continue to focus the bulk of secondary education (reading, writing, and arithmetic) on literature, history, and biology and still see technology as a “club” or “after school meetup,” we will fail to ever teach technology as the center of our job industry future. How many English Lit majors and History majors are currently working in their field or without a job? We teach literature, history, and biology with the idea that a student may have the opportunity and passion to make a career of it. Shouldn’t we be teaching technology with the same investment toward graduation? With the percentage of technologists that we’ll require in the next decade, the way we view technical education has to change.

3CS Education Statistics, 2018 Estimates, http://www.exploringcs.org/archives/ resources/cs-statistics

Tech Jobs vs. CS Graduates
Figure 1-4. Open technical positions vs. Computer Science graduates

Therefore, I support many of the grassroots programs to bring technology to kids outside of the public-school system. Black Girls Code is well known, but Atlanta’s Jeremy Harms, who runs Vine City Code Crew, is an incredible example of bringing code to inner city kids that may not have the opportunity to gain a passion from code at home, due to low income, or in schools due to lacking resources. Founder Kira Wetzel brought us Girls + Data, which I was first introduced to by Mindy Curnett, which offers girls the opportunity to learn in an environment that teaches code in a less intimidating way, finding the technologists of tomorrow. Locating these grassroots organizations who introduce technology to kids who might not otherwise get the chance isn’t too difficult. Just open an account on meetup.com and do a search; more are being created every day as more realize how important it is to create builders of tech, not just consumers.

Tech—A Woman’s Place

As the years progressed, I found myself migrating from my first team of all female Database Administrators to practically the only female DBA in a team of senior DBAs (Figure 1-5).

Figure 1-5. Number of women peers on my teams, past and present

Due to financial and personal demands, it fell to me to provide for my children financially, and a career as a DBA allowed me a flexible work schedule with comp time and remote work to address days when kids were home ill, parent teacher meetings, or other demands on my time as the sole-custodial parent.

Female Peers

When the average person thinks of a technical professional, the image that appears is often of two conflicting appearances:

• The first is of a guy, mid-40s with long hair, sloppy dress, sitting in the dark, in front of a gaming screen with a bag of Cheetos and an energy drink.

• The second is the traditional “nerd” with his neat but outdated apparel, pocket protector, and dark-framed glasses.

Neither of these “stereotypes” are true to form, as there is significant diversity coming into technology and more so every day, but due to this, technical jobs might not sound like the place for a young mother with children. The truth is, I found my database administration job more supportive of the demands of a working mother than most of my nursing and realtor friends had. If I had to work on a weekend or at night, I was often working from home. If I needed to take my child to the doctors or for a parent/teacher meeting, it was easy to do, as was staying home with a sick child and working from there. As technology advances, it gets easier to do so, too. I’ve been able to telecommute for the last decade, making the most of my hours and less in traffic, which allows me to be more productive for both the company and my family.

For those that see the old-school tech jobs of working 60–80 hours a week and needing to be in the office the first one in and the last one out, this is not because technology is a poor career choice but because the examples are a poor work environment and have poor leadership. It’s not that it doesn’t happen, but as my career matured, I found that I learned it’s not so much about work/life balance as it is about your balance needs.

I’ve been judged harshly by peers and managers that questioned my dedication to my role when I’d need to work remotely or take time off to take a kid to the doctors, but I’d remind them to focus on what I accomplished in productivity and how accessible I was, even while maintaining my family responsibilities. That’s what’s important and what will correlate from work performed and the bottom line. There is a clear bias that correlates value to hours spent per week on the job, but it’s a huge fallacy in the workplace. If you can do in 40–45 what another employee can do in 60–90 per week, which employee is more valuable? Is staying till 7–9 p.m. each night really providing any value if an employee that works from home can be available whenever needed? Are we assigning value for the productivity vs. busy work? We all need to learn how to interview companies to find out which they value, as it will decide how satisfied you are with your job, your career, and in the end, the company’s bottom line.

As you guessed, I’m a strong proponent for flexible work schedules, especially those that can incorporate telecommuting. Although there is incredible value in face-to-face time between peers, managers, and customers, for technical jobs, there’s considerable isolated work time that doesn’t require an employee to be in an office setting. For these types of times, the employee was hired as a professional and should be treated as such, allowing for telecommuting opportunities. There is significant savings to companies by doing so (in the way of workman’s compensation insurance, office space, and resources); the benefit is not one way. There are differences in how each gender is received when requesting flexible work schedules though.

In 2017, Furman University performed a survey of 600 work age adults, when presented what they thought was a conversation between an employee and HR, changing the conversation to include different requests for flexible work schedules or none at all, but would change the gender on the requests. Some of the requests were nonfamily, others were due to childcare constraints, but the reviewers were asked to judge the request or on likability, dedication to their job, dependability, and if they were the HR representative, would they approve the request. The reviewers scored the men as more likable by an average of 70% while the women only 57%. They deemed the men more dedicated and dependable, even though the requests were the same and only the gender had been changed.

As obvious as the research has shown greater potential for men to receive flexible work schedules without the same negative judgment, I’ve rarely experienced my male peers requesting the time off. I was more likely to observe them delegating family responsibilities to their wives, so they could avoid having to ask the boss for flexibility. I understood why they did so—it’s uncomfortable to have to ask for time off. As a divorced parent, I rarely had that luxury until I received a flexible work schedule as part of my employment. My ex-husband tended to be unavailable, so I admit, to avoid a disagreement with him, I found it easier to seek out companies that were supportive of flexible work schedules.

Along with flexible schedules, pay was important, but it is for most people. As I stated, I was the financially responsible parent, along with custodial one, so it rated high on requirements for a potential position.

It took me years to learn how to demand what I needed to be successful in tech. I first started with asking for what I needed to be more productive in a given day, then worked toward how to ask for what I needed to be more successful with my life and then from there, my career. Many of these changes to what is commonly offered us has to be sold to the company. Making the business see that investing in an employee can provide value to them should be a distinct and highly sought-after skill on any resume.

The STEM Challenge

2011 was a significant year for me. After the departure of “Ann,” I began to reach out to numerous women that I’d discovered had left the industry. I was able to have some open and honest conversations with them, gathering answers to my questions to understand why, as well as document cultural patterns when they existed. Some of these peers were ready to talk with me about bias, seemingly relieved of the burden of silence, while others were more private about why they’d left. More often, I found they had; just like me, we were taught not to discuss topic of bias, and it wasn’t something we acknowledged. Society had taught us to be skilled in creating excuses to justify what had occurred and if we did raise our voices to the reality would risk deemed being “uncool.”

Many women in technology don’t fit into the traditional mold of the girl next door. We may have odd traits, interests, and behaviors that make people try to understand what makes us tick. To combat this, we still fall into an expected behavior. We become the “cool girl” instead of simply embracing who we are, and we may pretend to like sports, juvenile humor, and traditional male pastimes. As we like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), our more traditional female peers may have refused to accept us into their groups. Everyone wants to be liked, so it’s natural for us to try to find a group to be accepted into. If those of our gender won’t accept us, we will make concessions to be viewed as “not like other girls” in the cool image most accepted by the men around us. We often choose more masculine type pastimes and adopt less feminine traits which offer some protection from unwanted advances. No matter how far we stray from it all, we are still products of culture and bias. As much as we like to claim we are our own person, we’re shaped from the time we are delivered from the womb—placed in blue or pink clothing, given boy or girl toys, while boys are told not to cry and girls are told how pretty they are, all before we are even crawling.

The numbers are astounding and will be built upon as we proceed through the chapters in this book. Between culture and bias, there is an ongoing challenge of acceptance, but with the initiatives of the last few years, I’ve gone from one of the few to speak out loud to one of thousands who speak up regularly. With all the initiatives, many worry that the numbers aren’t increasing as they expected, but when it’s grown stagnant, I haven’t been that surprised. I have been very successful with the mentoring that I’ve offered to others, but it’s never been traditional mentoring, and with the low numbers we began with, it simply wasn’t self-sustaining at this point. Similar to a small seedling, it requires care and feeding to build into something more until it has the roots and strong base to support itself.

I hope the book will offer the insight to others on how to mentor women in the way they need to succeed but also demonstrate how important sponsorship, networking, and giving women options that often are so unspoken by everyone

around us. Culturally, boys are raised with “skills,” but also these important opportunities, where girls are left to figure it out and traverse this on our own. Women have little idea how to gain sponsorship from a professional peer, having more likely been taught how to flirt. We are instructed how to gain someone attention, but not how to network and build our contacts in a way that will promote our career. We are rewarded for being seen, but not heard, and are taught how to actively listen while others talk in a business world, those same individuals that wonder why we don’t speak up more often, without the upbringing to teach us how to succeed in so many unknown areas of business and at the same time often told that some of our greatest strengths are drawbacks in the business world.

Lucky for me, I’ve always been an individual to respect data over opinion. It’s not that I don’t hold value in experiences, quite the contrary. I have an incredibly observant and accurate gut instinct about situations but have always used data to ensure that my observations aren’t blinded by my own or other’s bias. This skill in observation has served me and those that search me out for this insight well. It’s a skill that is also used to inspect technical environments—leaving nothing off the table and gathering all data to understand complex situations. As bias is often unconscious, my own upbringing, gender, and experiences could cloud my view, so it’s important to collect data and research before making decisions, creating a plan of attack or creating a solution.

As I stated, when I first started noticing how many female peers were departing the industry, I began to do research. There was surprisingly limited data back in 2011. I often wasn’t positive what to research, but I knew patterns were evolving in my observations, and there had to be reasons for them.

The Stanford gender studies site and subsequent Ted Talks from Sherry Cornell offered the first data that explained the patterns I was privy to. The site articles were some of the first documented findings on gender bias in a scientific manner, providing the numbers that matched the patterns I’d started to document. Sherry’s talks were well received by me as she viewed the data with a scientific approach based on educating everyone. Her talks are enlightening, and the data is difficult to ignore, even if there are many who have trouble accepting it. This is an overwhelming topic, so I’m not one to push but always open to discuss. One of the most positive aspects of focusing on education and open conversation is the number of people who want to have these conversations.

There are significant differences in the challenges that not only depends on culture, but location. I live in Colorado, which has a significantly high percentage of women leaving the industry over the national average, even though we have one of the highest percentages of college educated residents. While the national average is women will leave the technical industry within 4 years in a career, Colorado is less than four. The state of Utah is our neighbor, yet due to location and culture, a fellow president for a user group there isn’t as

worried about retaining women in tech. Her biggest challenge is to get women into secondary education, as many of them are expected to marry right out of college. The difference is cultural, as there isn’t just an educational difference between the two states, but a religious one.

The Accidental Technologist

I came into technology approaching the age of 30, in the late 1990s, which was a significant time for database careers. I’m unashamed to admit that I don’t have a Computer Science degree. I consider myself having little to no college that I can fall back on due to a medical condition that impacted the first half of my 20s.

I was 22 years old when I started to experience odd migraines that didn’t follow the pattern of the migraines I’d suffered from since my early teens. These new “migraines” had occurred about 6 months apart, were a crushing pain, often slicing up through the right, back side of my brain, and included numbness and vision loss. The loss of vision was primarily the left side, as was the loss of mobility. The pain would last a few hours, and once it was gone, I was listless and would sleep for a day or two. As doctor visits were quite costly and I was an auditor at the time without a lot of financial stability and caveats for everything insurance didn’t want to cover, I was hesitant to seek medical attention unless it was necessary.

After a few of these migraines and a listless 2-day sleep, I realized I was still missing about 10% of my left visual field which was reason enough to seek out professional medical attention. I was referred to a neurologist, who after performing an MRI, informed me I’d had a stroke and it wasn’t my first one. The 10% visual loss was permanent, but my “stroke” wasn’t the standard variety. Most strokes occur due to high blood pressure and blockage, yet blood tests revealed that I had a bleeding problem and my blood pressure was incredibly low. After further blood tests revealed that I was autoimmune positive, a rheumatologist was brought in to start researching.

Over the next 4 years, I suffered five documented strokes. By 1993, I was told that I’d either be blind by the time I was 40 (best case scenario) or dead (worst case scenario). I promptly sought out a second opinion and, luckily, found a neurologist that was interested in figuring out what was the cause, and with autoimmune, you find out that it’s unique for everyone. For me, my pregnancy with my first son, born at the very end of 1994, offered a large part of the answer by putting me into remission, and once my autoimmune returned in 2004, it was first joint related (similar to rheumatoid arthritis) and then settled into a connective tissue disorder by 2014 but has never returned to the debilitating vascular condition it once was.

I’d still suffered significant damage from the years of strokes. I was missing almost 9 years of memories; 48% of my left visual field required speech and physical therapy and could no longer perform the duties of my previous position as an auditor. While my brain was healing, I needed to continue to make a living, so I worked at Kinney Shoes. Yes, I sold shoes in a retail store. I was slowly recovering as I went through physical therapy, and my speech patterns were impacted, so speech therapy was required, too. Most don’t realize it today, as I am a professional speaker, but I still have some issues with “the thesaurus of my brain” and will falter to pronounce some words. Just be patient with me—it’s no big deal considering how far I’ve come. Outside of this and my missing visual field, not many signs of what I went through over two decades ago.

It wasn’t a simple recovery though. I recall working at the shoe store 25 years ago and sitting in front of a pile of shoes that I was to organize by size on a set of shoe racks. It took me a couple days to perform this simple task. I was incredibly frustrated as my brain simply couldn’t figure out how to put the size five first, then the five and a ½, then the six, and so on and so forth. The thing was, I’ve always been incredibly persistent. I’ve had bosses call me stubborn and sometimes a bit obsessive, but it served me well as I recovered from my strokes. I just simply refused to give up and just kept trying until I worked my way through the shoe rack and placed all the shoes in order. I approached every challenge this way as my brain healed, succeeding rarely the first time, but refusing to give up and persevering in the end.

I had a long way to go, too. I no longer had any of the knowledge I had acquired as a young adult. I had to relearn how to drive, and my sense of direction had been impacted. We won’t discuss how many times I found myself on the opposite side of the city vs. where I was going, and if there’s one thing you learn about Denver, it is that it’s quite a simple city to navigate. There’re mountains only on the west side, and you can see them from almost any location. It’s hard for me to recall how I couldn’t tell which direction I was heading. I no longer knew how to balance a check book or other basic skills I’d learned. As with the shoe rack, I continued to make an attempt until I finally succeeded.

With the loss in memory, about 6 months after my last stroke, my brain fog began to lift. I discovered myself married to a man that I didn’t really remember dating, let alone marrying, and I was 5 months pregnant with my first child. I worked to heal, become independent, and became a single parent less than a year after my last stroke. It should have been a terrifying prospect, but I think I was too busy working toward succeeding at little things daily to think too much about the risk I was taking. I look back now and can say, without a doubt, that nothing seems as daunting as where I was then, and it may be why I seem so fearless now.

As my brain healed, I went from selling shoes to selling computers at Circuit City. The company discovered that I had a knack for software, and I began doing desktop support. I had married the father of my two younger children, and he advised me to become a desktop support specialist for US West (now Centurylink). He made it clear that I was ready, as he had “guys making $40K a year that can’t load Microsoft Windows at a C:/ prompt.” I started as a desktop support person with no experience working in a networked or office environment. As is the case now, I took on the challenges no one else would touch, which turned out to be database applications. Few appeared to have expertise in the area, but I read whatever I could find and worked hard to figure out what I could on my own. Oracle was 16 bit at the time, version 7.3.4 had just been released, and I found it ridiculous that those using more than one Oracle application with different versions were expected to run each application on a separate workstation. I figured out a way to switch the win.ini file in Windows 95 to allow a change to the path to the Oracle directory, allowing users to do what they said shouldn’t be possible—one workstation/multiple Oracle applications. Oracle asked if they could send a representative to come in and review my scripts and configuration and upon completing the review advised the Chief Technical Manager at US West to “make a DBA” of me.

Little did I know, as I worked for multiple companies, progressing my career, that I would end up working for Oracle 15 years later. My career delivered incredible opportunities to work with fantastic individuals, mentors, and people I idolized in the industry. It taught me how to avoid some of the pitfalls that I experienced earlier on, and my learned persistence, mentors, and sponsorship were the difference between my continued success in technology and missed opportunity for others. My own experience, my ability to have others share their own experiences with me, and the data that I’ve collected have provided me an incredibly big picture of the challenges and opportunities for women in technology (WIT).

What I learned from all my experiences is that everything happens for a reason, every challenge has a benefit, and that there is incredible power in the simple act of doing.

My own journey, with bizarre medical history and nontraditional path into technology, also relates in many ways to why these stories need to be shared. A majority in the field aren’t college graduates with Computer Science degrees. In fact, it’s more likely that they’ve come from diverse backgrounds, were discovered to have a natural affinity to technology, or fulfilled a need and became an “accidental technologist.” Each is a complex life form, and understanding who each of them are requires a deep discussion around gender, upbringing, and culture and must include research data. My goal here is to broach topics honestly and discuss that we’re a product of our upbringing, our experiences, and the opportunities we’ve been given and how it can make the difference between success and failure.

The Complexities Behind the Challenges for Women in Technology

I’d like to say the simple source of all our frustration around women and information in technology is gender, but it’s more complicated than that. A percentage of individuals would tell you that men and women are biologically different and that this explains it all. Although they are correct that differences exist, research shows that with all the differences, in the end, the data doesn’t add up to the gulf of exclusion we see today.

© Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman 2019 K. Pot’Vin-Gorman, Crushing the IT Gender Bias, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4415-9_2

Scientific studies have confirmed that men have more gray matter than women. At the same time, they also prove that women have more white matter than men.1 Gray matter is used for everything from vision, muscle control to decision making, but white matter is used to speed up the connections between synapsids. This results in women’s connections firing faster than men’s even though they possess larger quantities of gray matter, which scientists use to explain why overall, men and women have the same average IQ. Maps of neural circuitry have shown that women’s left and right hemispheres are far more connected than men’s, while men’s were more connected front to back. While men were often able to outperform women on coordinated and perception tasks, women were able to interact more effectively in complex social situations and multitask. For every area that men’s brains are superior, scientists have identified an equalizing feature in women’s brains that compensate.

Disorder or Dynamic?

In the case of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD/ADHD), research2 has shown that boys and girls are impacted differently as low activity in the temporal lobes is highly affected. It isn’t that medical professionals view girls as less likely to have ADD but due to how physical brain differences impact symptoms and cultural expectations allow girls to be diagnosed less often.

I grew up the oldest of three girls and the first girl of my generation. Anyone familiar with birth order research might then understand one more reason behind what drives me and has made me less impacted by the challenges of my ADHD or what other women experience in the industry.

An oldest child is more likely to emulate their parents and have significant expectations of oneself.3 I demonstrated ADHD tendencies from the beginning, being highly active and easily distracted. I asked a lot of questions and when answers weren’t enough (my mother was often exasperated with my incessant questions), I would fearlessly search out the answers on my own.

1“Research Study, Intelligence in Men and Women,” University of California, 2005, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050121100142.htm. “Why Sex Matters: Brain Size Independent Differences in Gray Matter Distributions between Men and Women,” Us National Library of Medicine, 2011, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110817/. “Sex Differences in Brain Gray Matter Between Healthy Young Adults,” University of Pennsylvania, 1999, http://www.jneurosci.org/ content/19/10/4065.full

2“The Neurobiological Profile of Girls with ADHD,” E. Mark Mahone and Ericka L. Wodk, January 2013, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3534724/#!po=3.08642 .

3“Explaining the Relation between Birth Order and Intelligence,” Petter Kristensen and Tor Bjerkedal, Science, Vol 316, June 22, 2007.

Boys Have More Fun

I recall spending time with my older male cousins and trying to keep up. They, like my younger sisters, were tall, sandy haired, and blue eyed. I was small framed, with an inability to sit still and a desire to do whatever they were doing. We grew up on the shores of Lake Michigan in the rural Upper Peninsula and spent a considerable amount of time outside during the summer months. If the boys were going to challenge each other to standing in the creek to see who would last the longest in the icy waters, then I was going to, too. This kind of competitive games and others of risk created situations where the adults would worry about me, a small girl among these larger boys. I remember concerned voices calling me back from what the boys were doing. I would incessantly ask why I couldn’t play the same games as they were until exasperation would leave them relying on the answer of, “Because you’re a little girl.” This occurred often enough to make me identify being a girl with being limited. By the time I was five, I remember wanting to be a boy, as it seemed synonymous with freedom and fun.

The Girl Next Door

As the oldest of three girls, I was blessed with two sisters, but the middle child was the ideal image of the girl next door. With long blonde curls and big blue eyes, my sister Kristi was quickly identified by the adults around her as a perfect example of what a girl should be. She was a sweet easy-going child that was more likely to sit still than her rambunctious older sister with the dark pixie cut and curious nature. I quickly noted how the adults would comment on her pretty blond curls and agreeable manner. I recognized how much easier it was for her while we were growing up—she fulfilled their expectations of her just by how she looked and what she did. She was the Amy of our Little Women,4 and as we grew up, I grew envious of the attention she received.

The truth is the grass always looks greener on the other side. Culture may have expectations for us that some naturally are more comfortable with, but there is a drawback to this. Kristi was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 43. She quickly went from a healthy, happy mother of two children and a wife to a loving husband to realizing that the commitment she’d made with the idea that her dreams would be realized after her family left the nest was quickly snuffed out by the destructive disease. We talked at length about what she hoped for in her future, even as her future quickly disappeared. She told me that having a

4For those unfamiliar with the term, it refers to the novel written by Louisa May Alcott.

sister who’d authored more than one book and another finishing her masters made her realize that no matter how much she loved her life and her family, she had dreams she’d put on the back burner because culture had raised her to put everything in front of her own desires.

Just as so many women around her, she was only following what our culture tells us in so many ways. We hear that our own dreams are often viewed as selfish and to be a caregiver to those around us. The saying of carpe diem, “seize the day,” becomes a promise unfulfilled as the unexpected takes hold. Kristi died a mere 100 days after her diagnosis, never to be forgotten, but with dreams unfulfilled. With her death, I found greater inner strength and diminished any regret for not sitting still as a child that drove me to achieve as much as I possibly could.

The Overachiever Non-Lead

My inability to find satisfaction in being stationary also drove me to handle a heavier workload than many of my peers. I wasn’t competing with anyone other than myself, but for some, it was difficult to view me other than competitive. I enjoy being busy and am a terrible bored person. I prefer to do a tedious task over no task at all, but having ADHD means that I enjoy challenging work whenever it’s offered. What employer doesn’t want an employee that wants to be productive and busy? It’s essential that management be aware of each employee’s workload, but our patriarchal work environments can leave weaker leaders to pit employees against each other. This creates some of the most common complaints from women about working in the industry.

Along with their ideas or work being taken credit for, most women in tech are performing at higher levels than their peers, while their peers are still more likely to be rewarded with promotions, raises, and titles.5 One of the women I’ve mentored likes to say, “There’s no place for mediocre women.” I can attest to the incredible skill of the women in the industry around me. Even I, as direct as I am, have served more than once as “the lead” in every way but with the official title and salary. It was eye-opening to me how often the more I mentored women in the industry; this wasn’t an odd occurrence, but a common practice for other women, too.

Even though these women were performing the tasks of the role and often performing it beyond their male peers, when it came time to promoting someone into a leadership position, they were overlooked or bypassed.

5“Women in the Workplace, A Research Roundup,” Harvard Business Review, 2015, https://hbr.org/2013/09/women-in-the-workplace-a-research-roundup . “Women in the Workplace,” McKinsey Research, 2018, https://www.mckinsey.com/ featured-insights/gender-equality/women-in-the-workplace-2018.

The stories demonstrated clear bias, as the management making the decision either didn’t view the women in a leadership position or assumed that the women weren’t interested in overseeing people.

Another form of this bias is the idea that women are willing to “volunteer” to do more, or an assumption that they want to do more without recognition, and men are more likely to set boundaries unless some type of expected promotion or financial reward is given.6 Due to our discomfort with women’s ambition, even if a woman does set those expectations, backlash can occur in the form of resentment or views that the woman is “unlikeable or unmanageable.”7

As important as it is for women to set expectations and to recognize when unfair responsibilities outside of your role are occurring, it’s a double-edged sword when they attempt to do so. It’s a tightrope that we need to carefully navigate, ensuring that we don’t trip anyone’s bias and experience the backlash of resentment when we do set those boundaries. Once it’s been established management is open to having an honest discussion, it’s important to identify if the difference in demands is due to bias when performing a comparison to what is expected of you vs. your male peers. Following are some polite yet direct questions you might pose to your management in such situations:

• “I have the same title as XXXX and should be performing similar tasks, correct?”

• “Would you assign <administrative task> to XXXX?”

• “Is there constructive feedback you can offer me why I wasn’t offered the <technical or high profile> project?”

Ask the manager, without accusations, to honestly review what he is assigning you vs. other team members. If your feelings might give away how distressing the discussion is, find a trusted friend or colleague to role-play the discussion before you approach your manager.

If discussing a promotion where you are performing the role, but a male peer is being considered, the following could be beneficial:

1. Do preliminar y research to find out if you were being considered at any step in the process. If not, ask what changed. It may be a simple oversight, and yes, it could be due to bias.

6“Gender Differences in the Effects of Workplace and Family Characteristics,” Hiromi Taniguchi University of Louisville, http://www.midus.wisc.edu/findings/ pdfs/369.pdf

7“For Women Leaders, Likeability and Success Rarely Go Hand-in-Hand,” Marianne Cooper, Harvard Business Review, 2013, https://hbr.org/2013/04/ for-women-leaders-likability-a.

2. Find out why your male peer is being considered. The explanation may shed light for management on the oversight by just having a discussion. Having a calm conversation with the management may help them recognize you as a candidate.

3. As always, the goal is ever to be about education and reaching your goal, not about persecution. If you feel you’re becoming overly frustrated, consider thanking them for their time and revisit the conversation after you’ve had time to collect your thoughts.

A Lonely Place

Depending on the roles included in any given women in tech surveys, women only comprise 13–26% of the technical positions.8 With the average team comprising four to five individuals, this often leaves the female technologist as the sole woman on the team. As a minority in the group, the average tech workplace atmosphere can look less appealing than most other departments. As we work to get more women into tech, this fact can currently make it look like a very lonely place for a woman. I greatly appreciate my male peers, but I learned having female peers offers interaction that male peers can rarely offer. There is a camaraderie perk to a workplace that no amount of benefits can compensate for on an all-male team.

As we have a patriarchal society, women’s needs have historically been decided for them, and there’s some carryover that still impacts us when we’re the minority in an industry today. Many claim that it’s natural women don’t gravitate to technology, but if we look at early STEM education, we know this doesn’t hold true. If we want to be logical about it, we also need to look at how home computers were once marketed and the tech workplace atmosphere.

There’s considerable data demonstrating the dawn of enterprise computing; computer work was viewed as “administrative,” so women were the ones to perform it. Even with much lower percentage of women in the workforce, 27% of women were found in the industry in 1960. This all changed in the 1980s as home computers became a reality and commercials began to appear on TV promoting computers to boys. As of 1990, there was approximately 35% of women in CS fields; within 20 years, it dropped to less than 20% today.9 Figure 2-1 shows women in STEM careers over time.

8“Women’s Bureau,” Interactive Occupations Statistics, 2018, https://www.dol.gov/wb/ occupations_interactive.htm

9“When Women Stopped Coding,” NPR, Oct. 2014, https://www.npr.org/sections/ money/2014/10/21/357629765/when-women-stopped-coding.

Another random document with no related content on Scribd:

The tenderness of his voice checked her in an instant. His hand moved up and down her bare arm, lingering over its curves, tracing the outline with a touch that made her shiver.

‘Lovely smooth arm,’ he whispered. ‘You are so lovely.’

‘No.’

‘Yes. I think so. I’ve always thought so.’

‘As long as you think so, then—that’s all I care about. You—can have it all.’

‘Oh, Judy!’

Now the moon rose, clear at last above the tree tops, and gleamed strangely into the eyes bent upon her face. His lips were smiling a faint fixed smile. His teeth glinted. The two faces gazed at one another, floating wan upon darkness.

The web had broken. Roddy had shaken himself free and come close at last. The whole of their past lives had led them inevitably to this hour.

‘Oh, Roddy, I love your hair....’ Her hand went up and stroked it; and he shut his eyes. ‘I love your eyes.’

‘I love you all—every bit of you.’

Breathless, sure of him at last, with a delicious last-minute postponement of his embrace she moved away, softly laughing.

‘Roddy, how much do you like me? This much?’

She held out her hands, parting them slowly.

‘More than that.’

‘This much?’

He copied her, laughing eagerly but silently.

‘This much?’

He held his arms out wide. She hesitated a moment and then came into them; and he was not laughing any more, but covering her face and neck with kisses.

It was a quivering darkness of all the senses, warm, melting, relentless, tender. This stranger was draining her of power; but underneath, the springs of life welled up and up with a strong new beat. He clung to her with all his force as if he could never let her go. He was a stranger, but she knew him and had known him always. She took his caressing hands and held them on

her breast. In that moment he was her child; and she longed to lay his head where his hands quietly lay. He drew deep breaths, and now and then his rich voice murmured a broken word or two.

She raised her head from his shoulder and gazed in passionate detail at his face.

‘Speak, Roddy, speak.’

He shook his head and smiled—a ghost of his former smile, flickering on his lips alone. His half-shut eyes glittered as if with tears. In the moonlight she worshipped his dark head and moon-blanched features. Gradually he loosened his hold, threw his head back, and stood motionless, arms hanging at his sides, his face an unconscious, sleeping mask. If Roddy were to die young, this was how he would look.

‘Roddy—Roddy—Roddy—I love you—I love you—I love you.’

No answer. He stooped his head and fell to closer kissing.

‘Roddy—say——’

‘What do you want me to say?’ he whispered. Again the flickering smile.

‘I love you, Roddy.’

Ah, if he would whisper back those few words, there would be peace for ever.

She laid her cheek against his, murmuring endearments.

‘My dear, my darling, my little one, I love you. My dear, I’ve always loved you. Did you know it?’

He shook his head faintly.

‘I love you too much, I’m afraid.’

Oh, far too much, if she was to wait in vain for any response save kisses....

‘No, Judy, no.’ The words broke from him painfully. ‘You must forget about me now. Kiss me and say good-bye.’

‘Why, oh, why?’ She clutched him desperately.

‘I’m going away,’ he whispered.

‘But you’ll come back? You’ll come back, Roddy?’

He was silent, utterly silent.

‘I can’t. I can’t,’ he said at last.

‘I’ll wait, Roddy. I don’t care how long I wait. I shall never want anyone else. I’ll wait years.’ There was no answer; and after a while she added in a small laboured whisper: ‘If you love me a little.’

‘Oh!’ He threw up his head with a sort of groan. ‘Yes. Yes. Yes.’

‘You love me?’

He must, he must say it.

‘Yes, I love you.’ The words came out on a groaning breath. She put her lips on his, and stood silent, drinking in her bliss.

He tossed his head suddenly, as if waking up.

‘Oh, Judy, we must go back, we must go back.’

He sighed and sighed.

‘No. A little longer. We’ll talk a little before we go. We must talk.’

He laughed—a normal teasing laugh.

‘A little conversation,’ he said. ‘You’re a tiger for conversation, aren’t you?’

‘I don’t mind your laughing at me.’

They were going to laugh gaily at each other, with each other, for ever.

He put his hand beneath her chin and turned her face up to his.

‘Lovely Judy. Lovely dark eyes.... Oh, your mouth. I’ve wanted to kiss it for years.’

‘Oh, Roddy, you can kiss it whenever you want to. I love you to kiss me. All of me belongs to you.’

He muttered a brief ‘Oh!’ beneath his breath, and seized her, clasped her wildly. She could neither move nor breathe; her long hair broke from its last pins and fell down her back, and he lifted her up and carried her beneath the unstirring willow-trees.

He had brought her back home. Languorous and bemused she stepped out upon the bank in the breaking dawn, and turned to look at him beneath her heavy lids. She could not see him clearly, he seemed blurred, far away.

‘Good-bye,’ he said briefly.

‘I’ll see you before you go,’ she said mechanically.

Not that it really mattered now. Time was not any more and he would be with her for ever.

He nodded; and then abruptly turned the canoe down stream again: looked at her once, faintly smiled, waved his hand an instant and went on.

She walked through the waiting, clear pale-coloured garden, into the house, up to her bedroom; stared in the dim glass at her strange face; sank into bed at last.

4

It was on the next evening that she awoke to the realization that Roddy had not come—might not—certainly would not now. He was going away. He, who always found self-expression, explanations, so difficult, would be at a loss to know what to say when he too woke up. He who never made plans would be helpless when it came to making any which should include her too in the future. Last night he had been dumb, he had sighed and sighed, whispered inarticulately: he would find it hard to be the first to break silence, to endeavour to re-establish the balance of real life between them. She would write him a letter, tell him all; yes, she would tell him all. Her love for him need no longer be like a half-shameful secret. If she posted a letter to-night, he would get it to-morrow morning, just before he left.

She wrote:

Roddy, this is to say good-bye once more and to send you all my love till we meet again. I do love you, indeed, in every sort of way, and to any degree you can possibly imagine; and beyond that more, more, more, unimaginably. The more my love for you annihilates me, the more it becomes a sense of inexhaustible power.

Do you love me, Roddy? Tell me again that you do; and don’t think me importunate.

I am so wrapped round and rich in my thoughts of you that at the moment I feel I can endure your absence. I almost welcome it because it will give me time to sit alone, and begin to realise my happiness. So that when you come back—Oh, Roddy, come back soon!

I have loved you ever since I first saw you when we were little, I suppose,—only you, always you. I’m not likely ever to stop loving you. Thank God I can tell you so at last. Will you go on loving me? Am I to go on loving you? Oh, but you won’t say no, after last night. If you don’t want to be tied quite yet, I shall understand. I can wait years quite happily, if you love me. Roddy, I am yours. Last night I gave you what has always belonged to you. But I can’t think about last night yet. It is too close and tremendous and shattering. I gasp and nearly faint when I try to recall it. I dissolve.

When I came back to my room in the dawn I stared and stared at my face in the glass, wondering how it was I could recognize it. How is it I look the same, and move, eat, speak, much as usual?

Ought I to have been more coy, more reluctant last night? Would it have been more fitting—would you have respected me more? Was I too bold? Oh, this is foolishness: I had no will but yours. But because I love you so much I am a little fearful. So write to me quickly and tell me what to think, feel, do. I shall dream till then.

There is so much more to tell you, and yet it is all the same really. My darling, I love you!

Judy.

She posted it. Next morning she hurriedly dressed and ran downstairs in the sudden expectation of finding a letter from him; but there was none. Now he would have got hers.... Now he would have read it.... Now he would be walking to the station....

She heard the train steam out; and doubt and sorrow came like a cloud upon her; but only for a little while.

In the cool of the evening she wandered down to the river and sat beside it dreaming. She dreamt happily of Jennifer. She would be able to love Jennifer peacefully now, think of her without that ache, see her again, perhaps, with all the old restlessness assuaged. Jennifer’s letter would surely come soon now....

If Roddy were to ask her to come away with him at once, for ever, she would take just the copper bowl from her table and spring to him, and leave all the rest of the past without a pang.

Perhaps Roddy had written her a letter just before he had gone away; and if so it might have come by the evening post. She left the river and went to seek it.

Who could it be coming towards her down the little pathway which led from the station to the bottom of the garden and then on to the blue gate in the wall of the garden next door? She stood still under the overhanging lilacs and may-trees, her heart pounding, her limbs melting. It was Roddy, in a white shirt and white flannels,—coming from the station. He caught sight of her, seemed to hesitate, came on till he was close to her; and she had the strangest feeling that he intended to pass right by her as if he did not see her.... What was the word for his face? Smooth: yes, smooth as a stone. She had never before noticed what a smooth face he had; but she could not see him clearly because of the beating of her pulses.

‘Roddy!’

He lifted his eyebrows.

‘Oh, hullo, Judith.’

‘I thought you’d gone away.’

‘I’m going to-morrow. A girl I know rang up this morning to suggest coming down for the day, so I waited. I’ve just seen her off.’

A girl he knew.... Roddy had always had this curious facility in the dealing of verbal wounds.

‘I see.... How nice.’

A face smooth and cold as a stone. Not the faintest expression in it. Had he bidden the girl he knew good-bye with a face like this? No, it had certainly been twinkling and teasing then.

‘Well, I must get on.’ He looked up the path as if meditating immediate escape; then said, without looking at her, and in a frozen voice: ‘I got a letter from you this morning.’

‘Oh, you did get it?’

There could never have been a more foolish-sounding bleat. In the ensuing silence she added feebly: ‘Shall you—answer it—some time?’

‘I thought the best thing I could do was to leave it unanswered.’

‘Oh....’

Because of course it had been so improper, so altogether monstrous to write like that....

‘Well,’ she said. ‘I thought.... I’m sorry.’

She ought to apologise to him, because he had meant to go away without saying anything, and she had come on him unawares and spoilt his escape.

‘I was very much surprised at the way you wrote,’ he said.

‘How do you mean, surprised, Roddy?’ she said timidly.

She had known all along in the deepest layer of her consciousness that something like this would happen. Permanent happiness had never been for her.

It was not much of a shock. In a moment that night was a far, unreal memory.

‘Well’—he hesitated. ‘If a man wants to ask a girl to—marry him he generally asks her himself—do you see?’

‘You mean—it was outrageous of me not to wait—to write like that?’

‘I thought it a little odd.’

‘Oh, but Roddy, surely—surely that’s one of those worn-out conventions.... Surely a woman has a perfect right to say she—loves a man —if she wants to—it’s simply a question of having the courage.... I can’t see why not.... I’ve always believed one should....’

It was no good trying to expostulate, to bluff like that, with his dead face confronting her. He would not be taken in by any such lying gallantries. How did one combat people whose features never gave way by so much as a quiver? She leaned against the wooden fence and tried to fix her eyes upon the may-tree opposite. Very far, but clear, she heard her mother at the other end of the garden, calling her name: but that was another Judith.

‘I’m afraid you’ve misunderstood me,’ he said.

‘Yes. I’ve misunderstood you. You see—this sort of thing has never happened to me before and I thought ... when a person said.... Why did you say.... I didn’t know people said that without meaning it.... I suppose we must mean different things by it. That’s what it is. Well....’ Her voice was terrible: a little panting whine.

‘I don’t know what you mean.’

Probably that was true: he had forgotten he had ever said: ‘I love you.’ She could not remind him; for in any case he would not be affected. What were three little words?... And after all, she had probably more or less forced him to say them: she had wanted to hear them so much, she had driven him to say them. Yes, he had groaned, and quickly repeated them to keep her quiet, stop her mouth so that he could go on kissing her. She said:

‘But why, Roddy, why did you take me out ... behave as you did ... kiss me so—so.... I don’t understand why you bothered ... why you seemed....’

He was silent. O God! If only he would wound and wound with clean thrusts of truth, instead of standing there mute, deaf.

‘Roddy, after all these years, these years we’ve known each other, can’t you tell me the truth? We were good friends once, weren’t we?’

‘Yes, I think so.’

‘Oh, I see! I see! And you could never feel like being—more than that.’

He shook his head.

‘I see, Roddy.’ The pain was sharp now, hard to fight down. ‘I see. And you thought there had better be an end ... because you were never going to love me: and I obviously—was it obviously?—was becoming more and more—foolish—and tiresome. So you thought—you’d say good-bye—like that—and then go away for good. Was that it!’

He passed a hand across his forehead: his first gesture. Then he too was feeling, however slightly.

‘I thought that was what you wanted: what you were asking for,’ he said.

‘Oh, so you thought you’d oblige——’ No, no, not sarcasm. She waited a moment and added: ‘I see. You misunderstood me. I daresay it was quite natural. You thought I wanted what you wanted—just a little—a little passion—to round off a flirtation—and be done with it. Well....’

The lane was so still that she could hear the dull beat of oars in passing boats on the other side of the fence. The evening had become very cold.

She gave a little laugh and said:

‘I really am very sorry to make this fuss. It’s too laughable that I should I! ... I suppose you never dreamed I—wasn’t used to this sort of thing— from men?’

‘I thought you knew pretty well what you were about.’

‘And I didn’t! I didn’t! I was being deceived—like any.... Oh, it’s so vulgar!’ She shut her eyes, laughing weakly. ‘That’s why you didn’t make your meaning plainer, I suppose. You thought I was quite used to—that sort of thing—kissing—just for a lark. Just for a lark, Roddy—that was it, wasn’t it? And I got serious, and tried to—to let you in for more.... I tried to catch you. Poor Roddy! But you’d never get let in, would you? You know your own mind. You’re cautious. You’ll see—,’ she waved her hand slightly, ‘I’m not dangerous. I’ll never bother you any more. And I’m very very sorry.’ She broke down with a gasp, but did not weep.

‘I’m sorry, Judith. I apologise. I——’ His voice had now the faintest trace of emotion.

‘Oh!’ She controlled herself. ‘Apologise! Have I accused you? This is just another damned muddle. I’m only trying to understand it.’

‘I really think I had better go,’ he said.

‘No!’ She put out a hand and clutched his arm in desperate protest. ‘Not yet, Roddy. Not for a moment. Can’t we—O God! I wish I’d never written that letter. Then there’d have been no need for all this.... You’d have gone away and said nothing—and gradually I’d have understood. I should have seen it all in its proper light. Things would have somehow come right again, perhaps. And now I suppose they never can.... Can they, Roddy, can they? Oh, if they could!’

How he was hating this scene! It was a shame to prolong it. He swallowed hard and said, rather nervously:

‘Do you suppose you really meant—all you said in your letter?’

It was her chance. She must say it was all nonsense, that letter, that it was written in a moment of madness; that she did not mean it now. Then they might somehow manage to laugh together and part friends. He was such a good laugher! She could go away and bury her disappointment; and

next time they met, be to him what he wanted: a light flame of passion, blown out, relit again. He had given her the taste for his kisses. She would miss them, and desire them painfully. If she could act her part skilfully now, she need not be for ever without them.

But it was no good: the thing would not be lied about.

She nodded, gazing at him in utter despair. She went on nodding and nodding, asserting the truth in silence and with all her force, compelling him to believe it. She saw him flush faintly beneath his sallow skin.

‘I’m very sorry then,’ he said, in his frozen voice.

She cried out:

‘Oh, Roddy! Did you never like me? Didn’t you even like me? All these years! It seemed as if you did.... I couldn’t have grown to—like you so much if you hadn’t given me a little—a little return....’

‘Of course I liked you very much,’ he said. ‘I always thought you were extremely attractive.’

‘Attractive!’ She bowed her face in her hands. ‘Yes. I was attractive to you. And so.... That you should have treated me so lightly, Roddy! Oh, did I really, really deserve that?’

He was silent.

‘If you’d warned me, Roddy ... given me some hint. I was so romantic and idealistic about you—you’ve no idea.... I thought you must think of me in the same sort of way I thought about you.... Couldn’t you have warned me?’

He said in a voice choked with exasperation:

‘I did try to shew you, I tell you. I should have thought I’d shewn you often enough. Didn’t I say I was never to be taken seriously?’

She sighed and nodded her head drearily. She was beaten.

‘Yes. Yes, you did. I wouldn’t be warned, I was such a fool. Oh, it’s all my fault. A good sell for me.’

‘Well, I’d better go now,’ he said after a pause.

He took a step or two and then turned back. She still leaned against the wall, and something in her attitude or expression seemed suddenly to move him. He lingered, hesitated. His face shewed a little trouble and confusion.

‘I suppose you’re all right?’ he said.

‘Oh, I shall be quite all right.’

‘Please forget all about me.’

‘I shan’t forget about you. But I shall forget all this—if you will do the same. We will meet in the future, Roddy, won’t we?—just as usual,—with all the others?’

‘I think it would be better not to. I think we’d better not write to each other or ever meet again.’

‘Not ever meet again, Roddy?’ How did he come to be master of such cold decisions? She felt like a child in futile conflict with the fixed and unalterable will of a grown-up person. ‘Why? Why? Why? Please do let me. Please do. I won’t ever be a nuisance again, I promise. You’ve said you liked me. Oh, I must see you! If I can’t see you, I can’t ever see any of them again. Don’t you see? And then I’d have nothing.... You wouldn’t tell them, would you, Roddy? Please let me see you again.’

It had lasted too long. In another moment she would be on her knees to him, hysterical, loathsome.

A nervous quiver of his lips checked her suddenly and made her quiet. In some obscure way he was suffering too. He looked like the little boy whose face had implored her not to cry that time of the rabbit’s death. Yes, the spectacle of other people’s pain had always affected him unpleasantly.

‘It’s all right, Roddy,’ she said. ‘Don’t worry about me. I’ll get on without you.’

‘I’m not worth wasting one moment’s regret on,’ he said, almost earnestly. ‘Believe me, Judith. It’s true.’ He looked at her for the last time. ‘I can only say again I’m very sorry and ask you to forget all about it.’

She took a deep breath.

‘One thing more,’ she said. ‘I’m not ashamed of anything I’ve done. There’s nothing to be ashamed of in loving a person and saying so.’

It was not true. The shame of her surrender, her letter, her unrequited love would go on gnawing, burning, till the end of her life.

He left her, walking away from her with a graceful and noiseless tread.

After all, it did not seem to hurt much: certainly not more than could be borne in secret, without a sign.

It had all been experience, and that was a salutary thing.

You might write a book now, and make him one of the characters; or take up music seriously; or kill yourself.

It was all so extraordinary.... That night had seemed to Roddy so insignificant that instead of hurrying away quickly when he got that letter, he had had a girl he knew down for the day: and that was how he had spoilt his own escape.

Shut the door on Roddy and turn the key and never open that room again. Surely it would be quite easy. She saw herself as a tiny person walking firmly away and not once looking back. There were plenty of other things to think about.... What was there, safe and simple, to think about?

Strawberries and cream for supper. Good. Two new frocks: but he was to have admired her in them.... A visit to London next week, and a play.

She noticed suddenly that her hands were bleeding from slight abrasions. How had that happened? Best to go in now and arrange her face a little. This shivering had been going on for a long time.

5

Three weeks later she stepped out of the train at a little country station in Hampshire; and was there met by a beaming Martin, and conveyed swiftly in his car to his home.

The long drive wound through shrubbery and great beech trees, and opened in a wide sweep before the long low many-windowed house-front. It was an old manor, built of exquisitely time-tempered brick. The great porch was covered with clematis and jasmine; and here and there climbing bushes of yellow or white roses wove their way up the walls and coiled around the window-frames. Beyond it and on each side of it she caught or imagined glimpses of a rich old garden, lawns and a herbaceous border, cedar trees, yew hedges, and an espalier of peach-trees along a high wall.

A butler appeared, took her suitcase and slid away again.

Martin led the way through the oak-panelled hall into a large bright flowery chintz drawing-room. All the colours were blue and pink and white; and there were photographs everywhere, and vases full of delphiniums, roses and lilies. The French windows opened on to the sunny lawn, and, set in front of them, the tea-table shone with blue and white

china, and silver, and glass jars of honey and jam. Behind the tea-table sat Martin’s mother, smiling.

She was as clean and fresh, as white and pink and blue as her drawingroom. Her erect and trim little figure was crowned with white hair; her blue rather prominent eyes held the wistful appeal of the short-sighted as she looked into Judith’s face to greet her. Her thin mouth smiled and went on smiling, happily, vaguely, with a kind of sweet and weak persistence. All the lines in her face ran upwards as if she had spent her life smiling. She had a white skin with a clear rose flush over each cheekbone. She was really very pretty in her white lace dress and fleecy pale blue wrap: a mother to take out to dine in her best black frock and all her diamonds and feel proud of.

‘So this is Judith that I’ve heard so much about,’ she said charmingly; and put a hand on her arm to lead her to the tea-table.

Three black spaniels begged and adored at her feet; or rolled over, waving limp self-conscious devotional paws.

Over the mantelpiece hung the portrait of Martin’s dead father. He had been Governor of somewhere: an important man. He looked reliable and kindly, with Martin’s brown eyes and untidy features.

On the opposite wall hung a sentimental pastel portrait, life-size, of Martin at the age of three: golden-brown curls, pink cheeks, a white silk blouse with a frilly collar. There were some books in glass-fronted bookcases, some goodish furniture and china; one or two good water-colours and some indifferent ones; abundant plump cushions in broad soft chairs and couches. It was a house that shewed in every detail the honourable, conventional, deeply-rooted English traditions of Martin’s people.

And yet not they, with their sober steadfastness, but that wild sister, the disgrace, Mariella’s mother, had prepared, it seemed, the strange mould for the next generations: for all, that is, save Martin himself.

He was in high spirits. He smiled with all his white teeth, and threw sandwiches to the dogs, and teased his mother, and stared in a sort of delighted astonishment to see her actually sitting at tea with him in his home. He looked almost handsome in his bright blue shirt, open to shew a white strong well-modeled throat rising cleanly from the broad shoulders.

He did not know that Judith was dead: that a dummy was sitting beside him. He had declared several times how well she was looking.

He said suddenly:

‘Heard from Roddy, Judith?’

She was not prepared for that name; and she felt a faintness sweep over her.

‘No, Martin, I haven’t.’

‘I had a letter from him this morning. It’s pure agony for Roddy to answer an invitation, even, so I was flattered. He and I and one or two other chaps are going to do some sailing next month, off the Isle of Wight, and he actually wrote to make arrangements.’

‘What fun that will be, Martin.’

She bowed her head over the plate in her lap, crumbling a scone to fragments.

‘Why don’t you come too, Judith? Do! It’d be perfectly proper wouldn’t it, Mummie? We’re her bachelor uncles.’

It was precisely at those words, at the unexpected recalling of all that light-heartedness, that happiest day of all, that the thing leapt to life within her, and fiercely, horribly pressed towards birth. Oh, now there was no hope. Roddy had arisen all in a moment from his false burial.

With a vast effort she prevented her eyes from closing quite; but to speak was impossible.

‘Roddy says——’ began Martin, glanced across at her, and stopped uncertainly, startled. He was silent, and then said:

‘Tired, Judith?’

‘A bit—after my journey—it’s so hot to travel. Isn’t it?’ She turned to his mother.

‘Yes, my dear, it is,’ she said cooingly. ‘Come, I’ll take you to your room and you shall rest till dinner.’

Martin had got up and was hovering over her, anxious and despondent. But she could smile at him now, and she said:

‘I’d rather go out if I may, and get cool. The garden looks so lovely.’

‘That’s right then,’ said Martin’s mother encouragingly. ‘Take her out, Martin darling, and shew her the rock-garden. Martin and I have been making a rock-garden, Judith—I may call you Judith, mayn’t I?’ She laid a

hand again on Judith’s arm. ‘It’s such fun. Martin and I are both ridiculous potterers and experimenters. Are you like that?’

‘Not practically, I’m afraid.’

‘Ah, well, it’s a delightful hobby. It keeps me busy and healthy, doesn’t it, Martin?’ She looked up into his face, and he put a large hand upon her little shoulder. ‘There,’ she added, ‘Run along now. Don’t let Martin take you in the fields or up to his precious farm: you’ll spoil your pretty shoes. Aren’t they darling shoes, Martin? And such a pretty frock.’

With little pats and handwavings and vague benevolence she saw them out of the French windows down the steps into the garden.

Martin said:

‘Wait. I’ll take a gun. We’re simply tripping over rabbits this year. It’s awful.’

She did not hear properly; nor, when Martin came back to her, did she grasp the significance of the gun over his shoulder.

He led her out of the garden by a wooden bridge over a stream halfhidden in forget-me-nots, kingcups and iris plants; through the meadow where grazed the pedigree cows which, so he said, were his mother’s pride; over a stile and up on to the chalky rabbit-pitted hillside.

She was standing among the willow trees, and out of the moonlight a voice was saying in a low hurry: ‘I love you’—and saying another thing damnably characteristic: ‘Lovely Judy! Lovely dark eyes!’ His teeth gleamed as he smiled in the moonlight.... He closed his eyes.... It was all in such bad taste, in such bad taste....

Martin was pointing out the marches of the estate. There were beech copses and farms and two gentle folds of sun-drenched sheep-strewn hill between them and its final hedgerows.

‘You know I do love it,’ said Martin shyly. ‘I worship the soil.’ He hesitated and then said with a laugh: ‘Funny: Sometimes I absolutely wish I were dead so that I could be buried in it and have it all over me and inside me for ever and ever.... Look at the way those slopes overlap....’ His eyes fastened on them, with a hungry expression.

Then this was Martin’s secret bread. It was his land that nourished him at the source, and made of him this man with an individual dignity and

simplicity at the core of his ordinariness. She made an effort to come nearer to him in mind.

‘Yes ... I know Martin.’

He turned joyfully.

‘I always tell you everything, Judith. I suppose it’s because I know you’ll understand.’

‘Which bit do you want to be buried in, Martin?’

‘I don’t care—as long as I’m well inside it.’

‘Would you ever commit suicide?’

‘Would I what?’

‘Commit suicide. To—to get there quicker.’

He laughed and said comfortably:

‘Well, I’ve never been tempted to so far....’

‘It’s an old family place is it, Martin?’

‘Oh, yes. My father was born here, and all the others. Roddy’s father and Julian’s, and the only sister—Mariella’s mother. She was very beautiful you know—and absolutely wild—almost mad I should think. She ran away from her husband and goodness knows what sort of life she led. I believe it simply broke my grandfather’s heart. He died, and then Grannie—you remember Grannie?—couldn’t bear to go on living here alone. All the children were scattered or married or dead. So she moved to the little place on the river—next door to you.... Poor old lady, she didn’t have much of a time. She outlived all her children except Roddy’s father: and he was never much use to her. He quarrelled with his father when he was quite a boy and left home. I don’t know what about. Grandpapa was a terrible martinet.... Yes, they were an unlucky family.’

‘And they all died young, Martin?’

‘More or less. But we none of us ever live to be old,’ he said cheerfully.

They had reached the top of the hill; and, suddenly, up went Martin’s gun. Then, with an exclamation of disgust, he lowered it again.

‘Wasn’t ready for him. Once they get into that bracken——’

‘What’s that, Martin?’

‘Rabbit. Didn’t you see? Beastly vermin.... Never saw anything like them. Much as we can do to keep pace with them.’

He was muttering to himself in an annoyed way.

‘But, Martin—do you mean to shoot them?’

‘Shoot them? I should say I do, if I get the chance.’

‘I never have been able to understand how people can bear to shoot rabbits.’

‘Hum,’ said Martin, grim and indifferent. ‘You mustn’t expect me to be sentimental about ’em.’

His eyes roved round alertly; his gun was ready to go up in a trice. He was not giving a thought now to Judith walking beside him.

Just over the crest of the hill came a sudden small kicking and flurry. A tiny pair of fur legs started away into the bracken, the white scut glancing and bobbing. But the bracken thinned away to nothing here: the small form was bound to emerge again in a moment.

There was a sharp crack.

‘Aha!’ said Martin; and he went forward to where something flipped in the air and fell back again, horribly twitching in a mechanical and aimless motion.

‘Oh! Oh! Oh!’ She stood rooted where he had left her, aghast.

He was stooping to examine it....

She knew how it was looking—laid on its flat side and shewing the tender and vulnerable whiteness beneath its frail stiff paws. He was stooping just as a figure had stooped above that other rabbit.... What years ago!... Roddy’s rabbit whose death and burial had started this awful loving. Who was it devilish enough to prepare these deliberate traps for memory, these malicious repetitions and agonizing contrasts?

Oh, this world!... No hope, no meaning in it; nothing but perversities, cruelties indulged in for sport, lickings of lips over helpless victims. Men treated each other just as Martin treated small animals. The most you could hope for was a little false security: they gave you that to sharpen their pleasure in the blow they were preparing: even the ones that looked kind: Martin for instance. As for Roddy—Roddy liked experimenting. He chose girls sometimes: that was more voluptuous. She saw his face, pallid and grinning, crowds of leering faces, all his. The hillside darkened. She sank on her knees, shaking and perspiring.

He was striding back.

‘I buried it,’ he called. ‘It was a little smashed about the head.’

She had to lift her face towards him; but she made it blind. He came and stood beside her—he dared to, red-handed as he was.

‘I’m afraid it wasn’t one of the cleanest shots,’ he said cheerfully. ‘I got him at too long a range. Still,—that’s one less.... Come on.’

Her mind would frame only one sentence; and she tried over and over again to say it.

‘I will not be a witness of your butcheries. I will not be a witness of your butcheries.’

But he would not understand. Perhaps it did not make sense anyway.

‘Oh dear!’ She sat there, tearing up turf with shaking cold wet hands, face averted, eyes staring, mouth open and out of shape, impossible to control. ‘Oh dear! Oh dear! Oh dear!’ The repetition was a sort of whine or mew.

‘What’s the matter?’ he said sharply. He sank down beside her, and his astounded face came round her shoulder.

‘Oh, the poor little thing, the poor little thing!...’

‘Do you mean the rabbit?’

She nodded.

‘But, Judith—good heavens! A rabbit.... Judith. I’d never have shot it if I’d dreamed you’d mind.’

She went on staring and pulling up the grass.

‘Oh, this world!’

‘Judith....’ He was silent, completely at a loss.

‘Still—it can’t be helped.... I suppose one gets accustomed....’

Her mind grew black again with formless and colossal conceptions of torture, murder, lust: and Roddy’s face went on grinning among them. All was lost, lost.

‘I’m very sorry,’ said Martin helplessly.

‘Oh, I don’t blame....’

‘It didn’t suffer you know. Did you think it had? That kicking didn’t mean anything: it was simply reflex action.’ He thought he had found the clue; and added cheerfully: ‘You’d do the same if I shot you dead at the back of the head.’

‘I wish you had.’

She wept.

‘Good God! Really, Judith.... I’ve said I’m sorry. I can’t go on saying it, can I? I didn’t know you were so—you oughtn’t to be so—easily upset. Rabbits have to be kept down, you know. They destroy everything. Ask my mother.’

She went on weeping; and after a little while he got up and strode a few steps away, and stood with his back to her, shoulders hunched.

Worse and worse: he was deserting her.... She bit hard on her thumb till the pain of it steadied her, waited and then called tremblingly:

‘Martin!’

He turned, saw her hand held out and came quickly and knelt beside her.

‘What is it, Judy, what is it?’

‘Oh, Martin! Oh, it’s nothing. Don’t ask, don’t.... Only—just—only ——’

His arms went round her and she abandoned herself against him, pressing her head into his shoulder, groping for comfort, sobbing vast sobs, while he knelt beside her quietly and let himself be wept on; and now and then gave her shoulder a little pat.

After a long time she was so empty of tears that their source seemed dry for ever. She would never in her life weep any more. In the thin crystalline buoyancy of exhaustion she lay back on his shoulder and observed the gold light lying tender and still in the folds of the hills; and two rabbits skipping unperturbed not so very far away; and blue butterflies swinging on the long grasses; and all the evening shadows slanting beautifully downwards. Peace and comfort dropped upon her. The heavy ache for Roddy was gone. Oh, now to make this no-pain permanent, to fix this languor and mindless calm, to smother the voice which cried and cried: ‘I am cheap and shameful. I have been used for sport!’ Now was the time to turn to Martin and see if he could save her.

She sat up and dried her eyes.

‘There!’ she said. ‘I’m sorry. Thank you, Martin. You are a dear. You’ve always been very kind to me, haven’t you?’

‘Kind to you! Oh, Judith, you know——’

‘I think you must rather like me, Martin.’

He said with a deep intake of breath:

‘Like you! You know I’ve loved you for years.’

She was silent, tasting a faint relief and satisfaction; and then said: ‘Well, what would you like me to do about it, Martin?’

She saw that his hands were trembling, and he answered shakily: ‘Do about it ... I.... What do you want to do about it?... I’ve said I——’

‘Would you like me to marry you?’ she asked softly.

‘God! If there was a chance!...’

‘Well—I might, Martin.’

She started to laugh and cry weakly at sight of the transfigured face he turned towards her; and a voice went on protesting inside her: ‘No! No! No! It isn’t true. I never will.’

‘Oh, I’m so tired, Martin, I’m so tired!’

‘Come home, my dear, come home.’

It was compassion and exultation and doubt and certainty, all mixed in an inarticulate eloquence.

He lifted her and brushed her skirt.

There was nothing to do but accompany him down the hill.

He left her at her bedroom door. His mother, he said, would come and give her aspirin and put her to bed, and see that dinner was brought up to her. His mother was splendid about headaches. To-morrow there would be plenty of time to talk.

He had behaved perfectly.

She fell asleep that night in her white room with its cretonne wreaths of pink roses tied up with blue ribbon, and dreamed of Roddy. He sat on the hill, close to where the rabbit had been shot, and conversed in friendly fashion. He had come back from abroad, from some remote island. He took a puff at his pipe and said with apparent irrelevance: ‘Not wives, my dear girl—mistresses. It’s more convenient. When I return I intend to take Martin as my partner.’

‘Martin wouldn’t come. Not if it’s mistresses....’

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