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L.
Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution Third Edition
Edited by Paul Levin
Foreword by Islam H. El-adaway, Ph.D.
OtherTitlesofInterest InterpretingConstructionContracts:FundamentalPrinciplesforContractors,ProjectManagers,andContractAdministrators, byH.RandolphThomas,Ph.D.,P.E.; andRalphD.Ellis,Ph.D.,P.E. (ASCEPress,2008).Discussesthemosttroublesome contractclausesandpresentsrulestoconstruethemsoastoavoiddisputesthatmust beresolvedincourt.
ManagingGigaprojects:AdvicefromThoseWho’veBeenThere,DoneThat, edited byPatriciaD.Galloway,Ph.D.,P.E.;KrisR.Nielsen,Ph.D.,J.D.;andJackL. Dignum. (ASCEPress,2012).Astellargroupof financial,legal,andconstruction professionalssharelessonslearnedandbestpracticesdevelopedfromworkingon theworld’sbiggestinfrastructureconstructionprojects.
PreparingforDesign-BuildProjects:APrimerforOwners,Engineers,andContractors, byDouglasD.Gransberg,P.E.;JamesE.Koch,P.E.;andKeithR.Molenaar,P.E. (ASCEPress,2006).Coversthebasicsofdevelopingdesign-buildrequestsfor qualificationandrequestsforproposals.
ProductivityImprovementforConstructionandEngineering:ImplementingProgramsthatSaveMoneyandTime, byJ.K.Yates,Ph.D. (ASCEPress,2014).Focuses oninvestigationandanalysistechniquesthatengineeringandconstruction firmscan usetosupporttheimplementationofproductivityimprovementprograms.
ProjectAdministrationforDesign-BuildContracts:APrimerforOwners,Engineers,andContractors, byJamesE.Koch,Ph.D.,P.E.;DouglasD.Gransberg, Ph.D.,P.E.;andKeithR.Molenaar,Ph.D. (ASCEPress,2010).Explainsthebasicsof administeringadesign-buildprojectafterthecontracthasbeenawarded.
Public-PrivatePartnerships:CaseStudiesonInfrastructureDevelopment, by SidneyM.Levy. (ASCEPress,2011).Demystifiespublic-privatepartnershipsas aninnovativesolutiontothechallengesofdesigning, financing,building,and operatingmajorinfrastructureprojects.
Construction Contract Claims, Changes, andDispute Resolution ThirdEdition EDITEDBY PAUL LEVIN,PSP
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Levin,Paul,1946-editor.
Title:Constructioncontractclaims,changes,anddisputeresolution/editedbyPaulLevin; forwordbyIslamH.El-Adaway,PH.D.
Description:Thirdedition.|Reston,Virginia:AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,2016.
Identifiers:LCCN2015039204(print)|LCCN2015040371(ebook)|ISBN 9780784414293(print:alk.paper)|ISBN9780784479698(ebook)|ISBN 9780784479704(epub)|ISBN9780784479698(pdf)
Subjects:LCSH:Constructioncontracts UnitedStates.|Disputeresolution (Law) UnitedStates.
Classification:LCCKF902.C652016(print)|LCCKF902(ebook)|DDC692/.8 dc23 LCrecordavailableat http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039204
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Forewordxiii Prefacexv Acknowledgmentxvii Contributorsxix
Chapter1.Introduction............................................................................ 1 PaulLevin
1.1.AMoreRoundedApproachto ConstructionDisputes 1
1.2.ConstructionClaims Background,Outlook,and Approach 1
1.3.DefinitionofaClaim 3
1.4.ThePurposeofThisBook 3
1.5.PublicContracts 4
1.6.PrivateContracts 4
1.7.BeyondtheContract Principles ofConstructionLaw 5
1.8.PoliciesandProceduresforAdministration 6
1.9.NewFormatfortheThirdEdition 8
1.10.ReviewofChapters 8
1.11.Owners,Designers,andTheirRepresentatives 11 Endnotes 11
Chapter2.ClaimIdentificationandNotification.............................. 13 JosephA.McManusJr.andKarleeStarrBlank
2.1.DefinitionofaClaim 13
2.2.ClaimsConsciousness 14
2.3.TwoElementsofEveryClaim 14
2.4.IdentificationandEntitlement 15
2.5.TheQuantumElementofaClaim 21
2.6.NotificationofClaimsandChangeOrders 22
2.7.TimeRequirements 23
2.8.LateNotice 26
2.9.Notification FactorsInvolvingContract Owners 27
2.10.FederalContractsandtheContract DisputesAct 28
2.11.AppealofaBCAorCOFCDecision totheUnitedStatesCourtofAppeals fortheFederalCircuit 39
2.12.AlternativeDisputeResolutionand FederalConstructionContracts 40
2.13.Conclusion 40
Appendix2A:EJCDCC-700Standard GeneralConditionsoftheConstructionContract, Articles11and12 41
Appendix2B:AppealingtheCO’sFinalDecisiontothe AgencyBoardofContractAppeals 48 Appendix2C:AppealingtheCO’sFinalDecisiontothe CourtofFederalClaims 51
Appendix2D:AppealingaBCADecisionorCourtof FederalClaimsJudgmenttotheFederalCircuit 52 Appendix2E:AlternativeDisputeResolutioninthe BoardsofContractAppeals,CourtofFederal Claims,andFederalCircuitCourt 54 Endnotes 61
Chapter3.DifferingSiteConditions.................................................. 69 MarilynKlinger
3.1.Introduction 69
3.2.DifferingSiteConditionsClauses 70
3.3.TwoTypesofDifferingSiteConditions 71
3.4.TypeOneConditions Examples 73
3.5.TypeTwoConditions Examples 76
3.6.ForcesofNature 77
3.7.InvestigationoftheSiteandthePlans andSpecifications 77
3.8.SummaryandChecklist 83
Appendix3A:SiteInvestigationReportForm 85 Endnotes 87
Chapter4.InterpretationandRequirementsofContract Specifications........................................................................ 91 BrianW.BennettandJonathanM.Blocker
4.1.Introduction 91
4.2.RulesofContractInterpretation 92
4.3.DefectiveSpecifications 98
4.4.DutytoSeekClarification 103
4.5.DutytoInform 106
4.6.DutytoProceed 107
4.7.DutytoInspect 108
4.8.Conclusion 110 Endnotes 111
Chapter5.ConstructionProjectDelaysandTimeExtensions.... 117 ThomasD.Fertitta,AnthonyL.Nedinsky, andJeffreyG.Gilmore
5.1.Introduction 117
5.2.TheCriticalPathandFloat 117
5.3.TypesofDelay 118
5.4.WhenDoesaDelayOccur? 121
5.5.CausesofDelay 121
5.6.SuspensionofWork 124
5.7.Disruption,Inefficiencies,LossofProductivity, andLossofLearningCurve 124
5.8.DelaysDuetoDefectiveWorkLeading toReworkDelays 125
5.9.TypicalOwner-CausedDelay 126
5.10.TypicalContractor-CausedDelay 126
5.11.DelaysonMultiprimeContracts 127
5.12.ConcurrentDelay 127
5.13.PacingDelays 129
5.14.DelayDocumentation,Measurement, andProof 129
5.15.LiquidatedDamages 132
5.16.NoDamagesforDelayClause 133
5.17.RemediesforProjectDelay 134
5.18.Conclusion 134 Endnotes 135
Chapter6.AccelerationandMitigationofProjectDelays.......... 139
ChristopherM.BurkeandMichaelJ.Harris
6.1.Introduction 139
6.2.Mitigation 139
6.3.Acceleration 142
6.4.ProvingDelays,TimeExtensions, andAcceleration 146
6.5.RecoverySchedulesand ScheduleAcceleration 147
6.6.AccelerationCosts 148
6.7.Conclusion 149
Appendix6A:OvertimeStatistics 150 Endnotes 152
Chapter7.RecordsandDocumentation.......................................... 153
RobertM.FreasandW.WesleyGroverIII
7.1.Introduction 153
7.2.TypesofRecords 154
7.3.Bid,Estimate,andBudgets 154
7.4.TimeCards 155
7.5.JobCostAccountingSystem 155
7.6.ProductionReporting 157
7.7.MaterialandDeliveryReceipts 158
7.8.SchedulesandProgressReporting 158
7.9.CashFlows 159
7.10.Correspondence,Transmittal,andSubmittal Logs 159
7.11.DailyReports 160
7.12.PhotographsandVideos 162
7.13.SpecialFormsforChangeOrdersandClaims 163
7.14.PeriodicReviews 165
7.15.E-MailandSocialMedia 166
7.16.DocumentManagement 167
7.17.Conclusion 167
Appendix7A:DailyProductionReport Form(SampleForm) 168
Appendix7B:JobReportSummaryofEffect ofDisruptionsandInterference(SampleForm) 169
Appendix7C:ChangeOrderInitiationForm 170
Appendix7D:ChangeOrderStatus Report(SampleForm) 172
Appendix7E:ChangeOrderStatusReport CoverLetter 173 Endnotes 174
Chapter8.UseofProjectSchedulesandtheCritical PathMethodinClaims.................................................... 175
JohnC.Livengood 8.1.Introduction 175
8.2.UseofCPMinClaimsAnalysis 179
8.3.PitfallstoAvoidinCPMClaimsAnalysis 180
8.4.DevelopmentoftheBaseline 182
8.5.Float 184
8.6.Float EarlyCompletion 184
8.7.ConcurrentDelay 186
8.8.ThreeTypesofAcceleration 188
8.9.ScheduleAnalysisTechniquesfor ClaimsSupport 189
8.10.ContemporaneousUnderstandingof Criticality 194
8.11.ComparisonChartofCPMAnalysisMethods 195
8.12.OtherMethods 195
8.13.ExpertScheduleAnalysis 195
8.14.Conclusion 197 Endnotes 197
Chapter9.ImpactonLaborProductivityfrom ClaimsandChangeOrders............................................ 201 WilliamIbbsandPaulL.Stynchcomb
9.1.Introduction 201
9.2.Productivity’sNatureandImportance 203
9.3.ChangeandProductivityLoss 204
9.4.LossofProductivityChangeRequests andClaims 211
9.5.WaystoImproveProductivity 232
9.6.Conclusion 233 References 233 Endnotes 238
Chapter10.SubcontractorsandSuppliers........................................ 243 ChristopherM.Anzidei
10.1.Introduction 243
10.2.GeneralContractor’sDutyofPerformance 244
10.3.Contractor–SubcontractorRelationship 244
10.4.Subcontractor–OwnerClaims 245
10.5.Suppliers 245
10.6.DocumentationofGeneralContractor/ Subcontractor/SupplierTransactions: DocumentingDelays 248
10.7.OtherContractor–Subcontractor ClaimIssues 249
10.8.SubcontractorLicensing 254
10.9.Subcontractor-SpecificClaimsPublications 254
10.10.ConsensusDocsStandardFormSubcontracts 254
10.11.Conclusion 255 Endnotes 256
Chapter11.PricingConstructionClaimsandChangeOrders...... 259 DonaldHarrington,R.BrentMcSwain,RexSnyder, andJamesL.Giles
11.1.Introduction 259
11.2.ForwardPricing 261
11.3.PostPricing 266
11.4.TheProposal RequestforEquitable Adjustment 272
11.5.ImpactandInefficiencyCosts 278
11.6.MaterialCosts 283
11.7.EquipmentCosts 288
11.8.OverheadandProfit 296
11.9.TotalCost 304
11.10.OtherElementsofClaimPricing 306
11.11.Conclusion 314 Endnotes 314
Chapter12.Negotiations........................................................................ 321
KathleenO.Barnes
12.1.Introduction 321
12.2.TheNeedforContractNegotiation 322
12.3.DeterminingYourBottomLine 324
12.4.PreparationforNegotiations 333
12.5.OtherConsiderations 337
12.6.Bargaining-TableTactics 339
12.7.MemorializingtheDeal 340
12.8.Conclusion 343
Endnotes 343
Chapter13.DisputeAvoidanceandAlternativeDispute Resolution............................................................................ 347
AdamK.Bult,DavidW.Halligan,JonathanPray,and JamesG.ZackJr.
13.1.Introduction 347
13.2.PredisputeADRMethods 348
13.3.InitialClaimsandDisputePhase 355
13.4.AlternativesduringLitigation 376
13.5.TrialbyReference(Referee) 379
13.6.AdministrativeDisputeResolutionAct andtheFederalADRExperience 379
13.7.FormalAdministrativeandJudicialDispute Resolution 380
13.8.Conclusion 382
Endnotes 383
Chapter14.TerminationofConstructionContracts........................ 387
DorothyE.TerrellandNicholasJ.Surace
14.1.Introduction 387
14.2.TerminationforDefault 387
14.3.TerminationforConvenience 391
14.4.TerminationbyContractor 394
14.5.PrivateClauses 394
14.6.Conclusion 396 Endnotes 396
Chapter15.BondsandLiens................................................................ 399 RebeccaGlos
15.1.Overview 399
15.2.ConstructionBonds 400
15.3.LiensandStopNotices 403 Endnotes 408
Chapter16.InsuranceIssues:ConstructionClaimsofa DifferentNature................................................................ 411 ScottC.Turner
16.1.Introduction 411
16.2.GreatestPotentialTrap 412
16.3.CommonConstruction-RelatedInsurance Policies 412
16.4.InsuranceBasics 422
16.5.Conclusion 429 Endnotes 430
Chapter17.AlternateProjectDelivery:ClaimsinDesign-Build, GuaranteedMaximumPrice,andOtherDelivery Methods.............................................................................. 431
RichardE.BurnhamandMarkF.Nagata
17.1.IntroductiontoChangesintheContext ofAlternateProjectDeliveryMethods 431
17.2.ChangesintheContextofaGMPContract 432
17.3.ChangesintheContext ofaDesign-BuildContract 449
17.4.Conclusion 456 Endnotes 457
CaseLawIndex459 SubjectIndex465
Foreword Theconstructionindustryhasalwaysbeenanindicatorofthehealthof nationalandglobaleconomies.Today’sconstructionindustryischaracterizedbycomplexandlarge-scaleconstructionprojects;involvementof diverse,andpotentiallymulticultural,associatedstakeholders;poorly preparedand/orexecutedcontractdocuments;tight financialconstraints;unfairallocationofrisks;andcommunicationproblems.
Thus,changesaftertheworkstartsarenotunusualandaresometimesthestandard.Thisenvironmentprovidesfertilegroundfordevelopmentofconstructionclaims.Ifnotamicablysettled,construction claimsescalatetoconflictsanddisputes.Inallcases,constructionclaims, conflicts,anddisputesnegativelyaffecttheconstructionindustry,its people,andtheworldeconomy.Forthesereasons,providingthe constructionindustrywithaneasy-to-useresourcethatcollectively addressestheaforementionedchallengesiscrucial.Thisthirdedition of ConstructionContractClaims,Changes,andDisputeResolution fillsthis knowledgegap.
Contributingexpertswithadiverseskillsetinconstructionlaw, constructionconsulting,andacademiaprovidethereaderwithbest practicesforidentification,notification,documentation,delayandcost analysis,pricing,negotiation,resolutionofclaims,andchangesunder constructioncontracts.Indoingso,thebookaddressesconventionaland innovativeprojectdeliverymethodsandcoversthebroadrangeof stakeholders,includingowners,designers,contractors,subcontractors, suppliers,manufacturers,andsurety.Accordingly,thisbookprovidesa comprehensiveguidethatshouldhelpalleviateandmitigatemattersof paramountimportancetotheconstructionindustry.
Asanacademician,researcher,andindustryconsultant,Ihaveused andbenefitedfromtheprevioustwoeditionsofPaulLevin’sbook.This thirdeditionalsodoesanoutstandingjobofaddressingthenew, evolvingcharacteristicsofcontractinginthe21stcenturyasrelatedto
claims,changes,anddisputeresolution.Accordingly,Iinviteyoutoread thisbooktrustingthatyouwillagreewithmeonitsvalue.
IslamH.El-Adaway,Ph.D.,F.ICE,M.ASCE AssociateProfessorofCivilEngineering ConstructionEngineeringandManagementProgramCoordinator TheUniversityofTennessee–Knoxville
Preface Thisworkisintendedtoserveasahandbookforthosewhoareengaged inconstructioncontractingandinvolvedwithorinapositiontoinfluence theprevention,preparation,management,andresolutionofconstruction claimsandchangeorders.Shapedbytheoutcomesoffederalandpublic constructioncases,thegeneralguidelinesandlegalprinciplescoveredin thisbookshouldbeofvalueandapplytothoseinvolvedinprivate-sector commercialandpublic-privatepartnership(PPP)constructionprojects. Interpretationsofthelawcontainedinthishandbookaresolelythoseof thewritersandarenotintendedtoserveaslegaladvice.
Originallypublishedin1978andlastupdatedin1998,thisbookmerges principlesofconstructionlawwithpracticaladvicetoaidthoseinvolvedin theconstructionclaimsprocess.Originallydirectedtocontractors,many engineers,owners,andconstructionmanagersalsopurchasedthepublicationasaprojectguidebook,reference,andtrainingmanual.
Inthepast35years,theprinciplesofconstructionlawhavechanged verylittle.Themajorfocusisforallpartiesinvolved engineers,architects,owners,andcontractors tobeawareoftheseprinciples,striveto reduceoreliminatefactorsthatgiverisetodisputes,andestablish proceduresforexpeditiousandfairresolutionofinevitableclaims.As inthe firsttwoeditions,thisrevampedthirdeditionof Construction ContractClaims,Changes,andDisputeResolution attemptstocontinuethe traditionofstraightforward,simpleapproaches.
Formoreinformationonclaims,documentationtools,recentcases, andlinkstoconstruction/claims-relatedresources,pleasevisitthe ConstructionProNet.com website.
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Acknowledgment Iamgratefultotheindividualauthorswhosetasidetimefromtheir busylawandconsultingpracticestoprovidethebenefitoftheirexpertise intheirrespectivechapters.Asoursocietygrowsincomplexity,sodo theintricaciesofourday-to-dayworklives,whichcallformorespecializedknowledgetosolvespecificproblems.Forthatreason,inthis editionIchosetorelyonsubjectmatterexpertstoprovidethereader withknowledgeable,authoritative,andup-to-datecontent.
Inaddition,Iamgratefultomyemployerandmyfamily,who allowedmetospendthemanyhoursneededtoproducethebookand preparethemanuscriptforsubmissiontoASCEPress.
PaulLevin,PSP
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Contributors Chapter1 Introduction PaulLevin,PSP,hasmorethan25yearsofcontract administration,projectmanagement,scheduling,and claimsconsultingexperienceinvolvingawidevariety ofprojects,includingnuclearandhydroelectricpower plants,transitsystems,railroads,conventioncenters, warehouses,recyclingplants,officebuildings,and aquariums.Hehasdevotedanequalamountoftime towritingandpublishingeditorialcontentonconstructiontopics,includingclaims,projectcontrols, greenbuilding,scheduling,buildinginformationmodeling(BIM),and mostrecentlytheuseofdronesinconstruction.
Chapter2—ClaimIdentificationandNotification JosephA.McManusJr. isapartnerintheconstructionlaw firmofMcManus&FelsenLLP.Heisa graduateoftheCollegeoftheHolyCrossand obtainedhisJDfromDukeUniversitySchoolofLaw in1972.HeisapastpresidentoftheAmericanCollege ofConstructionLawyers,afellowshipofthe170leadingconstructionlawyers.Hefrequentlyservesasan arbitratoronlocal,national,andinternationalcases.He isamemberoftheLargeComplexCasePanelof Arbitrators,amediator(AmericanArbitrationAssociation),andamemberoftheCharteredInstituteofArbitrators.Hehasappearedasanexpert witnessincasesinvolvingconstructiondocuments,specificallyAmerican InstituteofArchitectsdocuments,intheUnitedStatesandtheCaribbean.
Headvisesclientsonconstructionandcommercialissuesanddisputes. Hegainedthisexperienceinconstructionandpublic-contractslawasa lawyerintheU.S.AirForceJudgeAdvocateGeneral’sCorps,asgeneral counseltoClarkEnterprises,Inc.,andasamemberofhisown firm.He hasrepresentedmanypublicowners,includingtheMetropolitan WashingtonAirportsAuthority,theDistrictofColumbiaCouncil,the governmentofBarbados,andthegovernmentofGreece.
KarleeStarrBlank isanassociatewiththeconstructionlaw firmofMcManus&FelsenLLP.ShegraduatedcumlaudefromColumbiaUniversitywitha BachelorofArtsin2012,andsheobtainedherJD fromDukeUniversitySchoolofLawin2015.Priorto lawschool,sheworkedinIndia,Turkey,andthe UnitedStatesasaninstructorandprogramdevelopmentmanagerforIn-V-Ent-Ed,aglobalentrepreneurshipeducationprogram.In2009,shereceivedagrant todesignandbringsolarheatingandlightingtechnologytoaremote schoolinQinghaiProvince,China.AtDukeLawSchool,shewasnamed in2013theInauguralJerollR.SilverbergScholar.Inrecognitionofher probonowork,Ms.Blankwasnamedtherecipientofthe2015Duke LawClinicsAdvocacyAward.Inherthirdyearofstudy,shecompleted aCapstoneProjecttitled AmericanLawFirms:HowtoMitigatetheRiskof LegalMalpracticeLiabilityWhenCollaboratingwithOverseasLegalCounsel. ShepreviouslyworkedasalawclerkatMcManus&FelsenLLP, assistingthe firm ’sattorneyswithclientmattersandcollaboratingon publicationssuchasthe2014,2015,and2016revisionstothe “Whenand HowtoFileaFederalContractClaim” chapterofthe AspenConstruction LawHandbook
Chapter3 DifferingSiteConditions MarilynKlinger islocatedintheLosAngelesofficeof SedgwickLLPandisinvolvedinallaspectsofconstructionlawonstateandnationallevels.Sheis2014Chambers-rankedinconstructionlaw.Sherepresents thefullspectrumoftheconstructionindustry,includingowners,contractors,subcontractors,andsureties. Herpracticeincludestime-relatedclaimsandlitigation(delayandimpact),legaladviceandcounsel regardingthecontractingprocess(biddingand
contractdisputesandperformancebondclaims),paymentenforcement anddefense(paymentbonds,mechanic’sliens,andstoppaymentnotices), administrativeandscopeclaimsandlitigation(differingsiteconditions, changeandextraworkordersandinadequateplansandspecifications, andsubcontractorsubstitutions),andcounselingandtransactionalservicestotheconstructionindustry(generaladviceandcounsel,including contractpreparation,evaluation,andnegotiation).
Chapter4 InterpretationandRequirementsof ContractSpecifications BrianW.Bennett isthefoundingpartnerandowner ofBennettLegalGroup,P.A.,inOrlando,Florida. HeisFloridaBarBoardCertifiedinConstruction Lawandhasrepresentedvariousparticipantsinthe constructionprocess,includingowners,generalcontractors,designprofessionals,andmajorsubcontractors.Hehasseveralyearsofpracticalexperiencein civilengineeringandgeneralconstructionpriorto attendinglawschool.Hiscivilengineeringexperience includesthedesignofsanitarysewer,waterdistribution,andstorm drainagesystemsforvariousresidentialandcommercialdevelopments. Hisgeneralconstructionexperienceinvolvedprojectmanagementof commercialprojectsincludinga$10milliondormitoryfortheCollegeof Charlestonanda$7millionalumnicenterfortheUniversityofNorth CarolinaatChapelHill.
JonathanM.Blocker isanassociatewiththe firmof Christian&SmallLLP,inBirmingham,Alabama, wherehepracticesprofessionalliabilitydefense,construction,andaviationlaw.Priortojoiningthe firm, hepracticedconstructionlawinFlorida.Mr.Blocker alsoservedthreeyearsasanassistantstateattorney fortheOfficeoftheStateAttorney,NinthJudicial CircuitofFlorida.WorkinginbothOrangeand Osceolacounties,heprosecutedhundredsofcriminal casesandmorethan25jurytrialstoverdictforcrimesofviolence, burglary,anddrugtrafficking.HeislicensedtopracticelawinAlabama andFlorida.
Chapter5 ConstructionProjectDelaysandTime Extensions ThomasD.Fertitta,PSP, foundedTDF,LLC,inApril 2001asaconstructionconsultingservicescompany. Since1981,hisconstructionexperiencehasincluded projectmanagement,costestimating,and fieldwork coordinationofshellandtenantimprovementson variousfacilitiessuchashigh-riseofficebuildings, warehouses,andresearchanddevelopmentbuildings.Hehasheldleadershippositionswithageneral contractor,arealestatedeveloper,andaninternationalprofessionalservices firm.Hehaspreparedconstructionclaimsand schedulesforownersandcontractorsonprivateandmunicipalprojects suchasschools,officebuildings,cogenerationplants,industrialfacilities, condominiums,wastewatertreatmentplants,prisons,andcourthouses. Hehasperformedscheduleanalyses,demonstratingdelay,disruption, accelerationandperformingdamageandlossofproductivitycalculations,as-builtconstructionschedules,issueandentitlementidentificationandanalysis,anddocumentcontrolandorganization.Hehas providedexpertwitnessservicesfornegotiation,mediation,arbitration, andstateandfederalcourtregardingschedulingmatters.
AnthonyL.Nedinsky,PSP,hasamassedexperience overhiscareerinseveralroles,includingproject management,costestimating,scheduling, fieldcoordinationandleadership,negotiationwithowners, andcommunityoutreachforheavycivilprojects.His experienceincludesconstructingseveraltypesof bridges(concretegirders,steelgirdersandboxbeams, integralandsemi-integralabutments,andsimple spans),foundations(H-pile,drilledshaftfrommicropilesupto72-inchdiametercaissons),postandpanelretainingwalls (withandwithouttiebacks),mechanicallystabilizedearth(MSE)retainingwalls,cribwalls,combinationwalls,soundwalls(concretepost,steel post,andlightweightsoundwall),andsupportofexcavation(chance anchor,pileandlagging,pileandlaggingwithtiebacks,pileandlagging withrakers,andtiebackswithshotcrete).Hisexperiencealsoincludes earthworkandroadwayconstruction,reinforcedconcretepavement, largeconcreteundergroundstructureconstructionincludingarchitecturalconcreteand finishing,stormdrainage,waterline(upto54-in.
diameter),sanitarysewer(gravityandforcemain),gasline,ductbanks, andoverheadelectricallines.Healsohasperformedtenant fit-outwork, includingHVAC,electrical,plumbing fireprotection,andinterior finishes.Hemostrecentlyworkedintheprojectengineerroleinalarge segmentofa$1.5billiondesign-buildprojecttoconstructnewgeneralpurposelanes,tolllanes,andmultiplebridges.Hehastakenleadership rolesinpreparationofscheduleanalysesandclaimsfordelay,disruption,andaccelerationaswellasassistingcontractorsandownerswith specificschedulingassignmentstodevelop,enhance,andupdatebaselineschedules.
JeffreyG.Gilmore isthechairpersonofAkerman's ConstructionPractice.Hispracticeemphasizesdomesticandinternationalconstructionlawinvolving abroadrangeofpublicandprivatematters,including engineering-procurement-construction(EPC)/designbuildprojects,healthcare,multifamilyhousing, powergeneration,andpetrochemicalandinfrastructureprojects(transportation,water,andpublic safety).Inaddition,hehasbeenrecognizedforhis experienceinconstructionmattersinChambersUSA;recommendedin theSoutheastintheLegal500forconstruction;notedasoneoftheBest LawyersinAmericaforconstructionlaw;andlistedintheVirginia BusinessLegalEliteintheconstructioncategory.
Chapter6—AccelerationandMitigationofProject Delays
ChristopherM.Burke isapartnerwithVarela,Lee, Metz&Guarino,LLP,alaw firmrepresentingclients spanningthebreadthoftheconstructionandengineeringindustry,includingowners,developers,contractors,subcontractors,designprofessionals,sureties,andpublicagencies.Hehasspenthisentirelegal careerfocusingontheconstructionindustryandhas litigateddozensofdisputesinthepublicandprivate sectors,bothintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Heis wellversedinthecrucialelementsofconstructiondisputes,including scheduleanalysis,lostproductivitystudies,andissuesofdesigninterpretation.Heisparticularlyknowledgeableregardingclaimpricingand
damages.HegraduatedcumlaudefromYaleUniversityandlaterfrom theUniversityofVirginiaSchoolofLaw,whereheservedasaDillard FellowLegalResearchandWritingInstructor.
MichaelJ.Harris isavicepresidentatWarnerConstructionConsultants,Inc.,andistheleaderofWarner ’sDisputesResolutionGroup.Heisalicensedcivil engineerandattorneywith35yearsofconstruction experience,including20yearsasanexpertwitness specializinginconstructiondelay,acceleration,disruption,lossofefficiency,andterminationdisputes. Heisskilledinconstructionclaimsanalysisandlitigationsupport,havingservedasatestifyingexpertin mediations,arbitrations,andlitigation.Hisexpertiseincludesanalysisof impactscausedbyvariousissues,includinglossofproduction,weather, designerrorsandomissions,contractorerrors,changeorders,manpowershortages,differingsiteconditions,managementissues,andmaterial shortages.Hisdeepunderstandingoftheconstructionprocessis foundedinhisbackgroundasaninspector,scheduler,construction engineer,projectmanager,andscheduling/estimatingdepartmentmanager,whereheprepareddetailedschedules,masterschedules,and recoveryschedulesandreviewedtechnicalsubmittals,performed constructabilityreviews,developedcoststudies,andmanagedthe constructionoflargeprojects.
Chapter7 RecordsandDocumentation RobertM.Freas advisesclientsonmanytopics, includingriskmanagement,projectcontrols,change management,projectscheduling,processimprovement,changeordernegotiations,disputeavoidance, andthepreparationordefenseofconstructionclaims. Hehasparticipatedinthepreparationandpresentationofseveralmajorconstructionandcontractclaims anddisputes.Hisexperiencewithconstructiondisputesincludesthedevelopment,analysis,anddefense ofconstructionclaimsrelatedtodelays,inefficiencies,andcostoverruns. Specifically,hehaspreparedas-plannedschedules,updates,andtime
impactanalyses;preparedandanalyzedas-builtschedules;andprepared delay-andperformance-relatedanalyses,productivity-impactandaccelerationanalyses,andcostanddamagesclaims.Hehasprovidedrisk analysisservicestolargeconstructionownersandcontractors,including contractriskassessments,probabilisticscheduling,MonteCarlosimulations,andscheduleandcostassessments.Healsohasprovidedprojectmanagementoversightandconstruction-managementservices,developedprojectcontrolsystems,andpreparedprojectstatusreviews.
W.WesleyGroverIII,P.E.,MBA, hasmorethan 29yearsofexperienceinanalyzingandpreparing claimsrelatingtoconstructionmatters(e.g.,identificationandquantificationofimpactevents;effectof changeorders,designchanges,andout-of-sequence work;andimpactofquantitychangesandunitprice changes),governmentcontracts,businessinterruption,lostprofits,valuationandenvironmentalmatters,andmanagementconsultingservices.Healsohas testifiedasanexpertwitnessconcerningeconomicdamagesrelatedto construction,operatingandmaintenancecosts,businessinterruption, businessvaluation,lostprofits,repairandrestorationcosts,betterment, employmentwageanddiscriminationcosts,andtrade-secret-related matters.Hehasalsopresentedanalysestovariouspartiesincluding theU.S.DepartmentofJustice,theU.S.Attorney’sOffice,Officeofthe InspectorGeneral,andStatesAttorneysGeneral.
Chapter8—UseofProjectSchedulesandtheCritical PathMethodinClaims JohnC.Livengood,AIA,Esq.,FAACE,isamanaging directorwithNavigant’sGlobalConstructionPractice andhas40yearsofexperienceinconstruction,design, delayanalysis,andlitigationsupport.Hisareasof expertiseincludeconstruction,constructionmanagement,governmentcontracts,litigationsupport,mediation,arbitration,constructionlitigation,costanalysis, changeorderanalysis,delayanddisruptionclaims, accelerationclaims,andlossofproductivityclaims.
Asanexpertwitness,hehastestifiedincourtandarbitrationproceedingsthroughouttheworldondelayandproductivityissuesand damagesandcausationissues.
Heisactiveinseveralprofessionalorganizations,includingAACE International(AACE),theAmericanBarAssociation,ConstructionManagementAssociationofAmerica,andtheAmericanSocietyofCivil Engineers.HeisPresidentofAACEin2016–2017.Hehaspublished numerousarticlesonconstructionclaimsanddelayanalysisand speaksregularlyonthesetopics.Healsoisoneoftheprincipal authorsofAACE’ s “RecommendedPracticeonForensicScheduleAnalysis” (RP29R-03,2011).HeholdsaBachelorofArchitecturefrom SyracuseUniversityandaJurisDoctorfromCatholicUniversityof America.
Chapter9—ImpactonLaborProductivityfrom ClaimsandChangeOrders WilliamIbbs,Ph.D., isprofessorandgroupleaderof theconstructionmanagementprograminthecivil engineeringdepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley(U.C.Berkeley).Heteachesbothundergraduateandgraduatecoursesinconstructionmanagement,includingscheduling,laborproductivity analysis,costmanagementandaccounting,andprojectmanagement.Heisaleadingthinker,activeresearcher,andwriteronconstructionmanagement subjects.
Inadditiontohisacademiccareer,ProfessorIbbsisaveryactive consultant.Hehasservedasanexpertwitnessandprojectneutral, testifyinginfederalandstatecourtsandininternationalarbitration.His workincludestheimpactprojectchangehasonlaborproductivity(both designandconstructionlabor),schedule,andcost.Heisprobablybest knownforhisworkoncumulativeimpactclaims,buthealsohas testifiedonmattersinvolvingprofessionalstandardsofcareanddisputesinvolvingcumulativeimpact,scheduledelay,constructionaccounting,falseclaims,andlossofeconomicvalue.
Hehasworkedonsomeofthebiggest,mostcomplexprojectsinthe world,includingBoston’sBigDig,reconstructionofthePanamaCanal, refineries,chemicalplants,hospitals,processplants,transitsystems,and
nuclearandconventionallyfueledpowerplants.Clientsincludecontractors,constructionmanagement(CM) firms,designers,andowner organizationsthroughouttheUnitedStates,Africa,Asia,Europe,the MiddleEast,andSouthAmerica.Priortohisacademiccareer,heworked intheprivatesectorfordesign,owner,andcontractororganizations. HeearnedhisBachelorofScienceandMasterofSciencedegrees fromCarnegieMellonUniversityandaDoctorofPhilosophydegree fromU.C.Berkeley,allincivilengineeringwithaconstructionmanagementemphasis.Hehasminorsinaccountingand finance.
PaulL.Stynchcomb,CCM,PSP,CFCC, isaconsultantwiththeIbbsConsultingGroup.Formerly,he servedasaseniormanagingdirectorintheForensic andLitigationConsultingpracticeofFTIConsulting. Hehasworkedintheconstructionindustrysince1984 asanexpertincriticalpathmethod(CPM)scheduling, constructionmanagement,contractadministration, andlaborproductivity.Priorto1984,heheldconstructionmanagementpositionsinseveralmajorU.S. construction firms.HehasbeenqualifiedasanexpertinCPMscheduling,constructionmanagement,contractandsubcontractadministration, delayandcostimpactanalysis,andlossoflaborproductivityinfederal andstatecourts,boardsofcontractappeals,andtheCourtofFederal ClaimsandbeforetribunalsoftheAmericanArbitrationAssociationand InternationalCourtofArbitration(ICC).
Chapter10 SubcontractorsandSuppliers ChristopherM.Anzidei,Esq., isanattorneywith extensiveexperienceindraftingconstructioncontractsandresolvingcommercialdisputes.Mr.Anzidei iscurrentlyanin-houseattorneyfortheCatholic ArchdioceseofWashington,DC,wherehehandles primarilyconstructionandrealestatematters,andhe wasformerlytheprincipalofaboutiquelaw firmthat specializedinconstruction,surety,andgovernment contractslaw.Mr.AnzideireceivedaBachelorofArts, withhighhonors,fromRutgersUniversityandaJurisDoctorfrom GeorgetownUniversityLawCenter.
Priortoopeninghisown firm,heclerkedfortheHonorableRobertJ. Yock,UnitedStatesCourtofFederalClaims,andlaterrosetopartnerata large,nationalconstructionlaw firm.Heisafrequentlecturerandauthor formanynationaltradeorganizations,andheisanadjunctprofessorat GeorgetownLaw.
Chapter11 PricingConstructionClaimsand ChangeOrders DonaldHarrington isvicepresidentofSageConsultingGroup,anationalconsulting firmbasedinDenver,Colorado,specializingintheanalysisandpreparationofconstructionclaimsandcontractsurety defaults.Hehasmorethan30yearsofexperiencein constructionclaimswithexpertiseincludingschedule analysis,costestimating,damagecalculationsand allocations,impactandinefficiencyanalyses,and meansandmethodsreviewsandcontractinterpretation.Hehastestifiedinvariousstateandfederalcourtsthroughoutthe UnitedStatesandinfrontofnumerousarbitrationpanelsanddispute reviewboards.HeisaCertifiedProfessionalConstructorandamember oftheAmericanInstituteofConstructors.HeisaCertifiedConstruction SupervisorinseveralColoradojurisdictions.HereceivedaBachelorof ScienceinCivilEngineeringfromtheUniversityofColorado.
R.BrentMcSwain isaseniorconsultantatSage ConsultingGroup.Hehasworkedasanownerrepresentative,responsiblefordevelopingmultimilliondollaracute-carehospitalfacilities,offices,warehouses,correctionalandprobationfacilities,andrecreationalfacilitiesandforadministeringdisasterrecoveryservices.Healsowasaprojectmanagerfora majorgeneralcontractorresponsibleforexecuting multimillion-dollarprojects,includingtheNational WaterQualityLaboratoryforthefederalgovernment,aregionalcorrectionalfacilityforacountyagency,aprecastparkinggarageforahotel, andanofficebuilding,andhemanageddisasterrecoverywork.Hehas beenwithSagesince2003.Hehasextensiveexperienceinpreparingand
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