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Nielsen’s Impact on Fathers and Daughters

Daughters Say . . .

“I’ve stopped seeing him through mom’s eyes. I see him now as a man who struggles through life as a husband, a son and a father.’’

“Things between us were always pretty superfcial and awkward— especially if it was just the two of us alone. That’s not true anymore.’’

“Now we’re discussing the problems in our family and between us, instead of denying, lying, and pretending the way we’ve always done.’’

“We’re fnally talking about diffcult, personal things, including my marital problems and his new wife.’’

“I understand now why dad and I interact the way we do. That makes it so much easier for me to forgive and to accept him.’’

Fathers Say . . .

“I was really nervous telling my daughter about ways I’ve screwed up in my life. But that brought us much closer than we’ve been since her mom and I separated.’’

“I dreaded talking to her about ‘it’—that one topic that has created problems between us for years. Her reactions were amazing. Why didn’t we do this sooner?’’

“I learned how to talk to her about fnancial and boyfriend issues. And she’s stopped treating me like a banking machine and a tyrant.’’

“My daughter fnally decided she wants to get to know me. At my age, that’s the best gift she could ever give me.”

Improving Father-Daughter Relationships

Improving Father-Daughter Relationships: A Guide for Women and Their Dads is essential reading for daughters and their fathers, as well as for their families and for therapists. This friendly, no-nonsense book by father-daughter relationships expert, Dr. Linda Nielsen, offers women and their dads a step-by-step guide to improve their relationships and to understand the impact this will have on their well-being.

Nielsen encourages us to get to the root of problems, instead of dealing with fallout, and helps us resolve the conficts that commonly strain relationships from late adolescence throughout a daughter’s adult years. Showing how we can strengthen bonds by settling issues that divide us, her book explores a range of diffcult issues from conficts over money, to the daughter’s lifestyle or sexual orientation, to her parents’ divorce and dad’s remarriage.

With quizzes and real-life examples to encourage us to examine beliefs that are limiting or complicating the connection between fathers and daughters, this guide helps us feel less isolated and enables us to create more joyful, honest, enriching relationships.

Linda Nielsen, PhD, is a professor of Education at Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC. A member of the faculty for 45 years, she is a nationally recognized expert on father-daughter relationships. Her work has been featured in a PBS documentary and in the media, including the New York Times, Time, Oprah, The Atlantic, NPR, PBS and the BBC.

“I predict Nielsen’s book will become the standard four-step method for resolving father-daughter problems. Nielsen covers a wide range of issues and her practical, no-nonsense method is applied to dozens of specifc problems that no other book addresses.”

—Dr. Warren Farrell, author of The Myth of Male Power and The Boy Crisis

“Dr. Nielsen takes her readers, both fathers and daughters, step by step through a process to repair their relationship. The book is at once thorough and accessible. It is both detailed and very readable. It is extremely practical and deeply hopeful. Along the way, each chapter puts a substantial amount of critical research into the hands of fathers and daughters who are desperate for guidance.”

—Patricia L. Papernow, Ed.D., American Psychological Association Psychologist of the Year, Division of Couples & Family Counseling. Author of Surviving & Thriving in Stepfamily Relationships

“Professor Linda Nielsen’s newest book is an outstanding work that appeals to a wide audience. Nielsen is the leading authority on father–daughter relationships whose pioneering work commands great respect among her colleagues. She excels in popularizing the implications of social science in an engaging format.”

A. Warshak, Ph.D., Past Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Author of Divorce Poison: How to Protect Your Family from Bad-mouthing & Brainwashing

Improving Father-Daughter Relationships

A Guide for Women and Their Dads

First published 2020 by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

and by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 Taylor & Francis

The right of Linda Nielsen to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Nielsen, Linda, author.

Title: Improving father-daughter relationships : a guide for women and their dads / Linda Nielsen.

Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020014244 | ISBN 9780367524289 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780367524272 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003057901 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Fathers and daughters. | Parenting. | Communication in families. | Child development.

Classification: LCC HQ755.85 .N52834 2020 | DDC 306.874/2—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020014244

ISBN: 978-0-367-52428-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-367-52427-2 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-05790-1 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Dedicated to my mother, Frances Jean Fandel Nielsen

Step

Step

Step 3: Identify and Share Your Fears 16

Step

Daughters’ Weddings 35

The Research: Surprise 38

Daughters’ Reactions 41

The Workaholic Dad, the Superfcial Relationship 42

The Research 43

Will It Be Worth It? 49

3 Romantic Relationships, Sex, and Lifestyles 54

Privacy vs. Lies and Deception 56

Update Your Records: What Does Dad Believe? 58

Drinking, Smoking, and Recreational Drugs 59

Sex: Facing Reality 65

Dad Dislikes His Daughter’s “Man” 71

LGBTQ Daughters and Their Fathers 76

Political Differences and Father-Daughter Stress 83

Will It Be Worth It? 86

4 Mother’s Impact on Father-Daughter Problems 90

Idealizing Mothers and Motherhood 91

Father-Friendly Mothers 95

Enmeshment and Role Reversals 99

Gatekeeping and Hoarding the Parenting 101

The Superfcial, Awkward Father-Daughter Relationship 104

Equal Opportunity Daughters 108

5 Divorce and Dad’s Remarriage 111

The Mother’s Infuence 112

Society’s Infuence: Negative Stereotypes and False Beliefs 114

Money: The Ongoing Battle 117

Dad Remarries: Wicked Stepmoms 122

Reconnecting After a Long Absence 130

Will It Be Worth It? 132

6 The Final Stage: Elderly Fathers 136

Health Issues: Secrecy or Honesty? 140

Inheritance and Financial Decision-Making 143

Acknowledgments

Many talented people have helped bring this book into being. The enthusiasm and support of my publisher, Helen Pritt, and her editorial assistant, Charlotte Mapp, have been invaluable. And Lea Camarda did an excellent job as copyeditor. I am grateful to these women for their diligence and input. Helen’s commitment to this book was extraordinary and deeply appreciated.

Special thanks go to Dr. Warren Farrell, Dr. Patricia Papernow and Dr. Richard Warshak for their encouragement and endorsements. As nationally recognized experts in their felds, they have enhanced my work for many years through their own scholarship.

I am also indebted to the fathers and daughters who have sought my advice over the past 30 years in their quest to strengthen their relationships—and to my many students who have so honestly shared their father stories with me. These are the people who have inspired me to continue writing and teaching about this important, but often ignored, topic.

I have devoted myself to writing about fathers and daughters for more than three decades. Throughout that time my husband, Steve Mizel,has been my most ardent supporter. His insights and advice have enriched all of my writing.

Introduction

“If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you always got.”

Mark Twain, 1835–1910

Is This Book for You?

Is this the book for you? You picked it up. You’re curious. But why? You might be a father or a daughter who wants to improve your relationship—or who has a specifc problem you have not been able to resolve. You might also be a mother, stepmother, grandparent, or boyfriend who knows someone who could use some help improving their father-daughter relationship. Or you might be a professional whose job involves helping fathers and daughters.

Maybe the father-daughter relationship just needs a little tune-up—or maybe it needs a major overhaul. Either way, both father and daughter could be happier and closer. Maybe there are unsettled issues that never seem to go away. Or maybe they are tip-toeing and avoiding any discussions about “it”—that one topic that is holding them back from being more comfortable together. The tension, awkwardness, or distance between them might also stem from the fact that they are making the wrong assumptions about each other. If they got to know one another better, they could narrow the gap between them and sort out their differences more easily. One or both of them might be holding onto grudges from the past. Maybe they’re grappling with the same old obstacles that have been hanging over them for years.

For whatever reason, they are struggling with some serious issues or just wanting more from their superfcial relationship. What new approaches might help them move forward to create a more joyful, more relaxed, more enriching bond? If this is what you are searching for, then this is the book for you.

Fathers have a profound, lifelong impact on their daughters’ well-being—their academic and career success, income and job choices, romantic relationships and marriage, drug and alcohol use, and physical and mental health. Though we tend to overlook this reality, daughters also have a big impact on their fathers. When fathers are not getting along well with their daughters, especially if they are growing apart, fathers are more physically stressed, anxious, unhappy, and depressed. In extreme cases, when they seem to be losing all connection to their daughters, fathers are more likely to become suicidal and more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol. My research book, Fathers and Daughters: Contemporary Research and Issues, explains the positive and the negative impact that fathers and daughters have on each other throughout their lives. In the present book, however, the focus is on strengthening the father-daughter bond by settling those issues that divide them.

Why Listen to Me?

You may be asking yourself, “Why should I take advice from this psychology professor? Who is she?” Good question. After earning a Master’s Degree in Counseling and a Doctorate in Adolescent and Educational Psychology, I became a professor at Wake Forest University. For the frst 20 years of my career, I taught courses and wrote college textbooks on adolescence—the time when father-daughter bonds often become more strained. In the 30 years since then, I have been teaching, writing books, and conducting research on older teenage and adult daughters and their fathers. In fact, for the past three decades, I have been teaching the only college course in the country exclusively devoted to fathers and daughters. I have written fve books and dozens of articles on this topic. My work and advice have been featured in such outlets as the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, USA Today, National Public Radio, British Broadcasting Company, Time, Cosmopolitan, Woman’s Day, and Seventeen magazines, and my Psychology Today blog. I also served as a consultant for Mattel toys on their “Dads Play Barbie” commercials and for Procter & Gamble on their Super Bowl “Dad Do’s” campaign. As a widely recognized expert on this topic for more than three decades, I am sharing my expertise with you in this book.

Over these past three decades, thousands of fathers and daughters, as well as stepmothers and mothers, have sought my advice about father-daughter relationships. Throughout this book I will be sharing

many of their feelings and experiences with you. Reading about their lives can help you feel less isolated and less “abnormal.” Their stories will give you the perspective not only of fathers and daughters, but of mothers and stepmothers whose lives are also negatively affected by diffcult father-daughter relationships. All of these stories should also give you more courage to tackle some of the problems in your family relationships, since you will be hearing from fathers and daughters who discovered that my advice worked in situations that they felt were hopeless.

What Am I Offering? What Does This Book Offer?

Over time, I have developed a four-step approach to help resolve the kinds of conficts that commonly strain father-daughter relationships from late adolescence throughout a daughter’s adult years. The issues that all too often divide fathers and daughters range from money, to the daughter’s lifestyle or sexual orientation, to her parent’s divorce and dad’s remarriage. Stepmothers and mothers will be especially interested in learning what roles they play in father-daughter conficts.

If you think fathers and daughters no longer have things to sort out beyond a certain age, think again. There is no “expiration date” for the issues affecting their relationship over a lifetime. Father-daughter issues often extend well into his old age, which is why I have devoted an entire chapter to these late-in-life complications.

I will also share the most recent research with you. “What Do You Think?” quizzes will help you learn about this research in a way that helps you examine some of the beliefs that are limiting or complicating the connection between the two of you. My advice is based on hundreds of research studies in psychology, not just on my personal opinions. You will also be entertained by some fascinating stories about famous daughters and their fathers, including Serena Williams, Lady Gaga, Taylor Swift, and Megan Rapinoe.

The four-step method in this book will enable you to get to the root of a problem, instead of just dealing over and over again with the fallout. Discovering the source is far more effective than trying to combat every incident that springs from that source.

Imagine this. Two people are sitting beside a stream. Suddenly, one of them sees a little puppy struggling in the water as the dangerous current carries it swiftly downstream. They jump in and save the puppy. But ten minutes later, they see two more puppies washing down the

stream. Again, they jump in and rescue the puppies. But before they can even dry those little puppies off, they see a much larger group of pups in the stream. They start to panic, because there is no way they can save such a large group. The solution, of course, is to head upstream and fnd out where all those puppies are coming from. In the same way, fathers and daughters need to fgure out the source of their diffculties with each other—especially when things seem to be getting worse as time passes.

My four-step method gives both fathers and daughters a set of tools to fnd solutions to the problems that typically occur at various points throughout their lives together. You will also learn which approaches work best for particular types of issues. Sometimes we have the tools right in front of us, but we choose the wrong one for the task.

Consider this story about travelers who are lost in the desert and dying of thirst. The frst thirsty person is lucky enough to fnd a well. Luck again—she fnds a bucket, a rope, and a hammer nearby. But instead of grabbing the bucket, she grabs the hammer and ties it to the rope. She lowers it into the well, pulls the dripping hammer to herself, and tries desperately to lick drops of water from the hammer’s head. You can imagine the unhappy outcome. If only she had used that bucket! Like her, you may be using the wrong tools to deal with your father-daughter troubles, even though you have access to the right tools.

The second thirsty person also has the good luck to fnd a well along with the bucket, rope, and hammer. Fortunately, he knows that he needs to use the bucket, not that stupid hammer, to haul up the water. But there’s a catch. Many years ago, he was on his way to get water from a well. Just as he neared the well, he tripped, badly injuring his head on a rock. Dizzy and disoriented, he almost stumbled head-frst into the deep well. Worse still, he did not know how to swim at the time. If he had fallen into the well, he would likely have drowned. He is so overwhelmed by his fears from the past that he will not go near any well. So now, held captive by his fear, he just sits near that well, helplessly staring at the bucket and the rope, getting more dangerously dehydrated by the hour.

The third thirsty man is lost in the wilderness with his daughter. Both are terribly dehydrated. They too have the good fortune to fnd a well. Neither of them is afraid of wells. And they both know that they need to use the bucket and the rope. Unfortunately, neither of them can bend their arms at the elbow. They are able to haul up the water. But neither of them can bend either arm well enough to tip the bucket

up to their mouths, and the bucket is too narrow to lean over and sip from. If they had been calm and cooperative, they might have fgured out how each can take turns lifting the bucket with his or her unbending arm, hold it near the other person’s mouth, and use the other arm to tilt the bucket for their partner to bend forward and drink. Unfortunately their relationship is in such bad shape that they can’t even work out a survival plan together.

There are no happy endings in this tale. The point is that the solution is often right in front of us. But we cannot help ourselves because we use the wrong approach or because we are held back by our fears. The aim of this book is to show you the right tools to use when you are thirsting for a solution—and thirsting for a better father-daughter relationship. You will also learn how fathers and daughters can move forward, despite handicaps like the metaphorical unbendable elbows. This book will help you fgure out what changes you could each make to get more out of your relationship. I will also help you fgure out what fears are holding you back. What are you afraid might happen if you take steps to narrow the gap between you?

Three Self-Defeating Beliefs

If you are like many fathers and daughters, you may be starting out with certain beliefs that are holding you back. Let me point out three beliefs that will prevent you from getting the most out of this book.

Belief #1: Dad should make the frst move to fx this mess because he is older and he is the parent.

Growing older makes most of us wiser in many ways. For example, because he is older and more experienced, a father probably knows a lot more than his daughter does about budgeting money or interviewing for jobs. But that does not necessarily mean he has better communication skills or better ideas for how to sort out the diffculties with his daughter. Besides, why should it matter who goes frst? The goal is to make yourself happier by fnding solutions without getting bogged down in thinking about who should make the frst move.

Belief #2: The person who caused the problem should take the initiative—and that person is not me.

Let’s leave fathers and daughters aside for a minute. Think back to those times when you have hurt or angered somebody you cared about

or loved. It was your fault, and you both know it. In those situations, did you ever feel too ashamed or too embarrassed to reach out and apologize? Did you ever let days or weeks or months go by without discussing what happened? Did you ever feel grateful and relieved when the person you hurt made the frst move to set things straight? You get my point: the person who created the mess or did the most damage often has the harder time reaching out, apologizing, or trying to get things back on track. Since people have cut you some slack when you were clearly to blame, why can’t you do the same? Again, your goal is to make yourself happier by reducing the stress, regardless of who created the diffculty in the frst place.

Belief #3: Forgiving someone means forgetting what happened and acting as if it had no impact on me—I can’t and won’t do that.

Wrong. Forgiving someone does not mean you have to forget what happened. How could you forget? You have a brain that stores memories, with or without your permission. You can’t hit “alt-delete” buttons and erase those memories. Forgiving does not mean you have to pretend the other person never hurt or angered you. That would be a lie. And it would require somehow ignoring some powerful feelings. In the context of this book, what does forgiving mean? It means you stop punishing the other person (or yourself ) for past mistakes. This kind of punishment can take many forms: distancing yourself emotionally, repeatedly reminding them how they hurt you, badmouthing them to other family members, refusing to answer their messages, shaming yourself for how you screwed up.

Forgiving also means you realize there is a statute of limitations on all crimes. We would not sentence a teenager to life in prison for stealing a car. In the same way, we should not sentence someone to years in emotional prison for their emotional “crimes” against us. Especially if the people who hurt us were not intending to do us harm, showed remorse, or tried to make amends, the punishment should be reasonable and fair—and a pardon or “early parole” might be in order for good behavior as time passes. Forgiving is not a gift you give the other person. It is a gift you give yourself—freeing yourself from anger and bitterness in order to get more pleasure from whatever is still there to enjoy with that person. In terms of forgiving yourself, forgiving does not mean believing, “My bad behavior was OK.” It means fnding compassion for yourself: “I didn’t know then how to handle this better.” “I was too frightened and insecure to take the right

path.” Forgiving means grieving for what you or the other person did wrong. But there is a time when the grieving has to come to an end, as does the punishment for the crime.

Four Reasons Not to Read This Book

Now let me point out four reasons why you should not read this book. If you are a father or a daughter who has these four expectations, my book will probably be a big disappointment.

#1 You want my book to give you sure-fre ways to make other people change

There is an old joke among therapists: How many therapists does it take to change one light bulb? Only one, but the light bulb has to want to be changed. News fash: You are not a light bulb and neither is the person you are hoping to change. You cannot change other people. No book gives you recipes to make that happen. What you can change is your own behavior, your own beliefs, or your own expectations—and even that is no easy task. So if you are hoping that this book is going to give you some magic wand to change other people, you are going to be disappointed. This book is about you. But, like the light bulb, you have to want to be changed.

Yes, I will help you fgure out what each of you would need to change to make things better between you two. I will tell you some things you do not want to hear. Sometimes I am going to rock the boat, because boat-rocking will help you pick up the oars and row your relationship to a better place. But you two are the ones who have to do the rowing.

#2 You are hoping this book will confrm that you are not to blame for the diffculties in your father-daughter relationship. The blame and the shame lie with the other person, not with you.

This book is not about blaming and shaming anyone. It may be true that one of you is guilty of having created a particular mess between you two. But even without knowing you, I am certain that both of you have said and done things over the years that strained or damaged your bond. So what? How does blaming or shaming the other person get you what you want, which is more joy and less stress between you two? In this book, I am going to be pointing out some of the mistakes each of you have made, as well as mistakes that mothers and stepmothers

have made. My goal is to reduce the chances you will repeat those mistakes, not to give you ammunition to blame and shame each other.

#3 You do not want to read a book that makes you feel bad about yourself in any way.

If that is how you feel, this is not the book for you. This is not a “you go, girl” book where we women will “lean in” together against the men. Nor is it a “you’re a great dad” book. I will be asking you both to step outside your comfort zone. Some of what I will be asking you to do might make you feel uneasy and maybe even a little guilty. But if you can tolerate feeling a little guilty or uneasy or sad, change is possible.

#4 You don’t feel ready yet to work on your father-daughter issues—maybe later, but not now.

If so, you may want to come to grips with these realities. Most American men die before the age of 75, seven years sooner than women. By the time most daughters reach 50, their father is already dead. Time is running out. And it runs out faster for dads than for moms. If you keep dilly-dallying or making excuses, you may sadly discover that the very thing you need to strengthen your bond is the one thing you can no longer have: time together.

Why Bother? Is It Too Late?

If the troubles between father and daughter have been going on for some time, you might be wondering: is it too late to make things better? Is it worth the effort? Although there is never a guarantee that things will get better, consider this: if you do nothing differently, nothing will change. Reading what these real-life fathers and daughters have said after following my advice may give you the courage to try.

From the Dads

“I’m just a random person who was searching on the internet for a way to make things better with my daughter. I didn’t think anyone understood what I was going through. This advice has been the tool kit I needed.”

“I had no idea how to reconnect with my daughter since we hadn’t spoken for so long. But Nielsen’s advice opened the door. My daughter and I are talking again.”

“I couldn’t get my daughter to see me as anything other than this critical,uptight tyrant. But I’ve learned how to give her advice without upsetting her.”

“My daughter would never share anything personal with me. I felt like an outsider in her life. Using Nielsen’s suggestions,we’re actually talking now about something other than politics and movies.”

“As a dad I have fnally found a book that includes my feelings and experiences. Nielsen has courageously gone where others fear to tread!”

“After I read this book, I sent a copy to my daughter. She’s married with kids. So I fgured she’d get angry at me, since that’s what happens whenever I try to give her advice. To my surprise, she called to thank me.”

From the Daughters

“Dr. Nielsen helped me jump-start the process of fxing my relationship with my dad after he got remarried to a woman I still don’t like.”

“I have fnally gotten to know my father as more than an extension of my mother.”

“I used to only think about my father in terms of me and how he affected my life. Now I think about how I affect his life.”

“I feel pretty guilty and ashamed realizing I have been so hasty in judging my dad.”

“When he told me he wished we talked more, I felt incredible. For the longest time I have wondered if he wanted more than our surface level conversations like I did.”

“My father is a big man with a commanding presence that most people fnd intimidating, including me. But now that we’re doing the quizzes and interviews in this book, I see him in a completely different way.”

“Up until now, Dad and I had a fun but superfcial relationship. I always went through mom to resolve my problems with him. That’s not how it is anymore. It’s more real and meaningful between us.”

“Now I see my father as someone other than just a bald guy with his head in a book. Even as old as I am, I have a lot to learn from him. Who knew?”

“I’ve learned how to be alone with my father and ask personal questions. It was very moving when he said the best gift I’ve ever given him is wanting to get to know him.”

“We fnally talked about the things that have caused tension between us for years. As a mom now, I’m able to forgive the fact that he pretty much had to stumble through fatherhood.”

“I didn’t think my dad and I had much to improve on. I was so wrong. I have started getting to know him as a person, and we’re actually talking like two grown-ups.”

In bringing this chapter to a close, I am reminded of a cartoon. A distraught prisoner is shaking the bars of the prison cell door, desperately trying to escape. But to the left and to the right of the cell door, there are no bars. It is wide-open space. Freedom is literally just around the corner, if only the prisoner would stop rattling the bars and look to the right and the left. The message here is clear: we often imprison ourselves in a cell of our own making. We could set ourselves free, if only we would stop rattling the bars, calm down, take a step back, look around, and see the way out. Hopefully, my book will help you, as fathers and daughters, to see the way around some of the obstacles that are preventing you from creating a more comfortable, more open, more joyful relationship.

The Four Steps for FatherDaughter Problem-Solving

“A backbone is more valuable than a wishbone.”

Anonymous

Throughout this book, we will apply a four-step approach to resolving a wide range of father-daughter problems. These issues affect women and their fathers from the time daughters leave high school until their fathers’ deaths. This chapter describes each step of this four-step approach. It also begins to lay out some of the practical techniques that can help women and their fathers overcome the stumbling blocks that are stressing or crippling their relationship. These four steps are intended for both fathers and for daughters, and use of the term “you” generally refers to both groups, not just to daughters or fathers.

Ì Step 1: Consider the Research

The frst step is to consider whether there are current research and national statistics that might help you understand more about the particular type of problem you are trying to solve. This information can be surprisingly useful. It may help put your troubling situation into perspective and may put some of your concerns to rest. Let’s explore three situations that commonly create stress and distance between fathers and daughters where research data and current statistics may help you both.

As the daughter begins planning her wedding, tensions between father and daughter start to emerge over the costs. Who is going to pay for what? What is the price limit? How much debt is dad willing or able to take on if he pays for the kind of wedding she wants? In this situation, it is helpful to start with the facts about the average cost of weddings, how most couples handle the wedding expenses, and

the fnancial concerns of fathers about incurring large debts for such “voluntary” expenses as weddings. Dad might discover that what his daughter is expecting him to contribute is very reasonable compared to what most weddings cost and lower than what most dads end up paying. On the other hand, the daughter might discover that most couples contribute far more to their wedding costs than she and her fancée were planning to spend.

Or deep rifts might develop between father and daughter over lifestyle issues. Assume, for example, the daughter is planning to have a child with her live-in boyfriend. Dad is really rattled by this news. He not only believes this is “abnormal” in our society, but that these children will end up without a dad around. In this situation, having the most recent research is going to be useful. The dad would learn that having children without being married is not “abnormal” in our country. In the past decade, 40% of American children were born to unmarried parents.1 On the other hand, the daughter is going to learn that unmarried parents are far more likely than married parents to separate. So yes, her dad is right that these children are a lot more likely to grow up without a dad in the home—or in their lives.2 Being aware of this research,both father and daughter will have an easier time resolving the issue that is driving a wedge between them.

Now let’s consider a third situation where research could be benefcial. A lesbian daughter tells her dad she plans to marry and have children with her partner. Dad can tolerate same-sex relationships, but not when it comes to raising children together. The father-daughter relationship is rapidly deteriorating, as dad blurts out: “It’s just not fair to the kids. They won’t be normal. And it’s unlikely that your marriage is even going to last.”

The research might help this dad and daughter a lot. He will learn that children raised by same-sex couples are just as well-adjusted as children raised by heterosexual parents, and that 60% of same-sex couples who live together are married.2 And the daughter will learn that same-sex marriages are more likely to end in divorce than heterosexual marriages.3 So Dad has a legitimate concern that his grandchildren will end up living apart from one of their parents.3

As these three examples illustrate, the frst step in solving a father-daughter problem is to look for research about the concerns you each have. You don’t have to be a research scholar to do this. You can use the internet to fnd websites of organizations that collect research and national statistics on your topic. You will fnd answers to some very specifc questions in books written by scholars for the general public.

In the following chapters, I have taken this frst step for you by providing research and statistics on a host of issues related to some of the most common diffculties between fathers and daughters. You will discover this research through “What Do You Think?” quizzes that help you compare your beliefs with what the data actually tell us. Discussing this research together can be the frst step toward sorting things out between you.

Ì Step 2: Don’t Make Assumptions— Who Is This Man?

The second step is even more important than the frst. Many daughters make assumptions about what their fathers feel or believe without frst doing a reality check. A daughter jumping to conclusions about her father’s beliefs and feelings can be self-defeating because, in many cases, her assumptions are wrong. Fathers can make incorrect assumptions too. But a father is far more likely to understand what his daughter’s beliefs are and where they come from, because he has known her since she was born. In contrast, many daughters know very little about their fathers’ lives, especially their childhoods. So in this book, the “Who Is This Man?” quizzes are designed to help daughters explore their fathers’ beliefs and to understand the origins of those beliefs.

In the following three scenarios, each daughter jumps to conclusions without frst fnding out how her dad currently feels and what he currently believes about issues that are related to their particular diffculty. Each of these daughters assumes her dad is going to react badly if she tells him the truth about what she is doing or how she is feeling.

The frst daughter is afraid to tell her dad that she is living with her boyfriend. She has been able to deceive her dad because she and her boyfriend still have separate apartments. But this is getting expensive, so they’re planning to move in together. If she tells her dad the truth, will he stop helping her pay off her credit card debts?

The second daughter is bouncing off the wall because her divorced dad is getting remarried. She despises the woman. On top of that, her dad is no spring chicken, and he has health issues. So what about inheritance? Has Dad many any plans for insuring that the children from his frst marriage inherit some of his wealth? Or will he allow the “wicked” stepmom to walk off with the lion’s share?

The third daughter is in love with a man of a different race and religion. She’s been able to keep this a secret from her dad because they live so far away from each other. Last year she and her dad had

a big blowup over fnancial issues. If she tells him the truth about her boyfriend, will they be back in battle again?

These three daughters have jumped to the conclusion that there is going to be trouble if they are honest with their dads. They have already made their minds up that dad is going to react badly. They may be right. But they may also be wrong. How well do they really know their fathers? When is the last time each daughter talked to her dad about his views on any of the issues related to their current dilemma? Is the prediction of each daughter based on something her dad said or did years ago when she was much younger? Is she making assumptions based on what her mother or other people have said about her dad?

The crucial question is: how well does she really know her father? Is she willing to fnd out who he is now? Unless she has done a recent reality check, she might be on the wrong track. Being on the wrong track makes problem-solving infnitely more diffcult. This is why a daughter needs to invest time—lots of time—in fnding out: who is this man? What does he feel and believe—and why? Where do his beliefs and feelings come from? His parents? His religion? His experiences as an adult? Something he read? Things he has heard about other people’s experiences?

In this second step, the why is more important than the what. Finding out what your dad believes is relatively simple and straightforward. The more interesting and more helpful question is why he feels this way. When you are listening to his answers to these questions, spend the most time exploring why he might have answered this way. The next vignette demonstrates this step in the four-step plan.

Lily is a lesbian daughter whose dad, Steve, is upset about her wanting to have children with her partner. Steve believes that same-sex couples should not raise children together. Lily jumps to the conclusion that her dad is a homophobic, prejudiced person. Maybe he is one of the people who voted against the marriage-equality proposition in their state several years ago. Come to think of it, she never actually asked him how he voted. One bad thought leads to the next. Maybe he is one of those people who is only pretending to be open-minded. Her unfattering assumptions are slowly driving a wedge between her and her dad. Here is where the why comes in. Why does he object to same-sex couples raising children together?

To her surprise,when she sits down and has a long conversation with her dad, Lily learns that his only concern is about the well-being of children. He voted for marriage equality. He favors laws that protect those in the LGBTQ community from any form of discrimination. He

is not uncomfortable around gay or lesbian people. His only concern is for the children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents. Although Lily now understands the why, this does not mean her father is right. In fact, he is not right, as he will learn after completing Step One by looking at the research. The point is that this no longer has to drive a wedge between Lily and her dad. She can view him as a well-meaning person who needs educating, not as a hard-hearted homophobe.

To help fathers and daughters get the most out of this second step, I have created lists of questions in each chapter to guide daughters in “interviewing” their dads about their opinions and feelings on a wide range of topics—topics that you may seldom, if ever, have bothered to discuss with your dad. Your goal is to stop making assumptions about your father. These questions will show you why your dad feels and thinks the way he does about those issues that create tension between you two, and you will be in a better position to settle your disputes.

To beneft most from these conversations, there are several crucial things you need to put in place.

First, set aside plenty of private time together—just the two of you. Nobody, and I mean nobody, can be around, especially not any family member who can eavesdrop or keep popping in to interrupt you.

Second,choose a setting where nobody can interrupt you and where you are not easily distracted. No restaurants or cafés. You arrange to talk in your home, or you might take a long walk or go to a park. Choose a place where neither of you would be embarrassed if you were to get emotional.

Third, if you live too far apart to have this conversation in person, then Skype or talk by phone. Absolutely no texts or emails. That would defeat the purpose. You need to see and hear one another. From body language and tone of voice, you can get a better read on when to move forward and when to back off.

Fourth, daughters, if your dad seems to be struggling with a question or if he starts to clam up, you can encourage him with comments like: “Tell me more about that,” or “Then what happened?” If he is really tensing up with a particular question, tell him that you can skip it or come back to it later if he wants. Remember, your goal is to open him up, not to shut him down.

Finally, the daughter should talk as little as possible. The goal is not to get to know one another better. The goal is for you to get to know your father better. If your dad says he wants to know how you feel about some of the questions, tell him you will be glad to talk with him later about that. But not now. The objective is to give your dad the

entire stage, with you functioning as the friendly, encouraging, attentive interviewer.

Ì Step 3: Identify and Share Your Fears

The third step is for each of you to identify and share your fears. Share your fears? Yes, share your fears. What do you fear might happen if you discuss “it”—that one topic that is creating tension or widening the gap between you? Specifcally, what are you afraid you might lose if you discuss “it”? Why are you afraid to bring “it”up? Be very specifc. This is not easy.

For example, these statements are too vague and not specifc enough: “My fear is that we won’t get along as well as we do now.” “My fear is that things will get worse.” In contrast, here are some specifc fears. A daughter may fear her dad will cut her off fnancially. Either may fear the other will refuse to attend an upcoming family event or refuse to spend time together. Dad may fear his daughter will restrict his contact with grandchildren. Either of you may fear the other will badmouth and ridicule you to other people in the family. You need to put some time into fguring out what you specifcally fear might happen if you bring “it” up for discussion. Following is an example of a father and daughter identifying their specifc fears.

The “it” between Monica and her dad Sebastian is complicated. She wants to drop out of college, transfer to a technical school, and pursue a very different career path than the one her dad imagined for her. Her fear is that her dad will lose respect for her, become even closer to her older “successful” sister, and make her feel guilty for years to come by making comments that embarrass her in front of other people.

Fathers also have fears, of course. Sebastian fears that Monica is not going to earn enough money to support herself in the kind of lifestyle she has grown accustomed to unless she graduates from a four-year college. It’s highly unlikely that the kinds of jobs she can get with a two-year degree will ever match the income of a college graduate. He also worries that there could be trouble ahead between the two sisters, who have always been a little jealous of each other. Since her older sister will be outdoing Monica in terms of income and lifestyle, what kind of strain will that put on their relationship?

Like Monica and her dad, you two have to fgure out for yourselves why you are afraid to discuss the “it” that has come between you. Your challenge is to identify your fears in detailed,specifc ways. For example, you might say, “I’m afraid if we talk about ‘it,’ it will drive us further

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“I’ll make it a good deal sourer if you come crawling round. Well, I’ll see her. Now then. No more. Good night, Captain Maggy.”

The door slammed behind him with a clatter of swinging hooks. Margaret was alone, his face buried in his hands, with his world tottering about him, ready to fall.

XI.

THE FLAG OF TRUCE

“Was it not sin enough, and wickedness, Thus like a rotten rascal to abuse

The name of Heav’n, the tie of marriage, The honour of thy friends, the expectation, Of all that thought thee virtuous, with rebellion, After forgiveness, too?” The Woman’s Prize.

I the morning, when they were under way, with the two little hills of Pinos astern of them, and the ship’s bows turned towards Morrosquillo, far to the east, still two days distant, Captain Margaret sent Perrin to the cabin to request an audience with Olivia. As he had feared, she refused to see him. She sat, pale and exhausted, at the table, Perrin said, too weary of life to ask whither they were bound, or to ask the nature of their consorts, now sailing easily, under reduced sail, near the lumbering Broken Heart, foul with long weeks at sea. She did not care what happened; but, finding Perrin importunate, she left the cabin, and for two days saw no one. On the second day the ships anchored between Ceycen and the Overfalls, in a harbour shut away by wooden keys, from which the brooks fell pleasantly, with a rippling chatter, that was drowsy and delightsome, after the glare of the sun on the sea, in the hot calms. They loaded the sloop with samples during the afternoon, and chose out hands to go in her. Stukeley was to go as herald and interpreter, Margaret as principal, in case the matter came to a conference; while as crew they picked ten from the Broken Heart, five from Pain, five from Tucket, all good shots, well armed. Perrin was to stay aboard with Cammock, so that Olivia might have a friend aboard, in case the sloop was lost.

After breakfast, Margaret made a last attempt to speak with her. He entered the cabin unannounced, to find her sitting alone, in a

black gown, a Bible before her, and her face all pale, her eyes with dark rings round them. She looked up as he entered, then sank back, closing her eyes, with a sharp intake of her breath.

“What do you want with me?” she asked in a hard voice. “Have you come to see if—if——”

“Olivia,” he answered, “I’ve come to tell you that I’m going to a town, now. There’s danger. I’m going with. I mean. Your husband is coming. It’s a dangerous service. I want you to try to realize that. That your husband’s going on a dangerous service. That you might like to see him.”

“Yes,” she answered. “That I might like to see him. Go on.”

“That is all,” he said. “Except that I may not see you again. That I wouldn’t like.” The words dragged; his mouth was quite dry. He stumbled in his speech and began again.

“Olivia,” he said. “My conduct. I thought I acted for the best. I ask you to forgive me.”

“Forgive you?” she said. “Thank you. But I’ve no wish to. You lied to me from the moment I came into the ship. You lied at Salcombe. At Falmouth. All the voyage. In Virginia. And then you thought you had lied enough for your purpose. You let me learn the truth.”

“Yes,” he answered, “I lied. I lied to save you.”

“Ah,” she said, with disgust. “You lied to save me, till it was too late for me to hear the truth.”

“Olivia,” he continued, “I won’t speak more of myself. Your husband. I think he wants. He wants to see you. There may be danger. He wants to see you. He wants to say good-bye. I am going now,” he added. “Olivia, we’ve been in each other’s lives a long time. Could you. Could you let this.” He stumbled in his speech again. She did not help him. His throat was dry like a kiln; he seemed unable to speak. “I am going now,” he said again. “I’ll send your husband to you.” He bowed, and left the cabin. As he closed the door he thought that he could not remember his last sight of her. He could not remember her face as it had last looked upon him.

In the alleyway he met Stukeley coming from Cammock’s stateroom.

“I was looking for you,” said Stukeley. “We’re waiting for you. It’s time we went.”

“Your wife’s in the cabin,” he answered. “She’s waiting for you. To say good-bye.” As he spoke, the cabin door opened, and Olivia came out into the alley-way.

“Tom,” she said, “where are you going with this man?”

“Hello, Livy,” he answered. “I’m just going ashore, to interview the Spaniards.”

“He says that there is danger.”

“Danger? Rubbish. You ass, Maggy. Why can’t you keep your head shut?”

“Oh. So perhaps he lied again.”

“I’ll leave you,” Margaret said, turning away.

“No. Do not go,” she answered. “I’ve something to say to you, Tom. I want you to hear it, Charles. Tom, there’s danger in going ashore here. Oh, I know it. I know it. Tom, dear, since we came here there’s been something between us always. Ever since. Tom, dear, you were afraid that I should be angry. Unforgiving. You might have trusted me, Tom. You were afraid I should hate you. I wasn’t very wise. It was so sudden. And I wasn’t myself, Tom. It’s not too late, dear. Don’t let it be too late, Tom.” She paused, looking to her husband for the answer she had put into his mouth. Stukeley found it hard to answer. “Oh, Tom, I want you back. I want you back.”

“There, Livy,” Stukeley said. “There, Livy.” He took her in his arms and kissed her. “When I come back, dear,” he added. “I must go now. I’m going ashore.”

“Don’t go, Tom. Oh, Tom, don’t go. There’s danger. You may be hurt. Charles, tell him.”

“It’s all right, old girl. They all swore there’s not the slightest danger. We shall be back by four o’clock if the wind holds.”

“There’s danger,” Margaret said.

“Tom, you wouldn’t leave me at a moment like this.”

“I must, Livy.” A thought seemed to strike him. “Look here, Livy. It must be our first step to—to our new life together. To a new life out here.”

“Tom, my darling, are you sure there’s no danger?”

“There is no danger. None. How many more times?”

“Charles,” she said, “come here. I’ve been. Been. Not myself. I spoke cruelly. I want you to forgive me, Charles. Take my hand. And

yours, Tom. This is going to be the beginning of a new life together Will you let it be that, Charles? You will, Tom?”

“Yes,” said Tom.

“It shall be that,” Margaret said. They shook hands in the alleyway, making their bonds of peace.

“You’re my Tom again now,” she said lowly. “I’ve forgotten all the rest, dear.”

“Right,” he said, kissing her. “I was a beast. Good-bye, dear.”

“Not a beast,” she said. “Never that.”

Margaret turned aside, crushing his hat-brim, wondering what new misery was in store for her. He walked softly out on deck, leaving the two to their farewell. Perrin said something to him. Cammock was not in sight. A little knot of men stood in the waist, idly watching the sloop.

Presently Stukeley came from the alleyway with a grin upon his face. “Anything for a quiet life,” he said. “Down into the boat with you, Maggy.”

As they shoved off from the Broken Heart, Olivia waved to them from her state-room port. Margaret felt a pang of remorse that he had not shaken hands with Perrin, nor spoken with Cammock, before leaving the ship. He was nearly alongside the sloop when he saw Cammock’s hat above the poop nettings.

“He’s hailing you, Captain Margaret,” said the stroke oar.

“Oars a moment.” The men lay on their oars, watching the drops fall from the blades into the sea. The roar of Cammock sounded.

“What does he say?” said Margaret. “I can’t make out.”

“Something about a map, I think he said, sir.”

“Did you hear, Stukeley?”

“Map or tap, or something. But let’s go on. We’re late.”

“No. I must hear. Back a stroke, port oars. Why, starboard. I’ll pull back to find out. Way together.”

Fifty yards nearer to the ship they again lay on their oars. This time the hail was clear

“Have you seen my book of maps?”

“No,” Margaret shouted. “You had it in your pocket last night.”

“What’s that you say?”

“You had it in your pocket last night.”

“Yes. But I can’t find it.”

“I’ve not had it. Ask Mr. Perrin.” He sat down in his seat, Cammock shouted a farewell, to which Margaret raised his hand in salute.

“He’s lost his book of maps,” said Margaret to Stukeley.

“Nothing can be lost in a ship,” said Stukeley. “Besides, what’s a book of maps?”

“That book was worth a good deal. The Spaniards would pay a high price for it. With all those charts to help them, they could put down privateering when they pleased.”

“Oh, rubbish,” said Stukeley, swinging himself up the sloop’s side. “He could easy get duplicates.”

The sloop was already under sail. The men climbed aboard, and let the boat drag astern. The helm was put up a little, the fore sheet was let draw. Soon, as the boom swung over, straining the blocks, when the mainsail filled, they slipped clear the anchorage. Looking over the rail, they saw the nettings of the two ships lined with men, some of whom waved caps in farewell.

Captain Tucket came to command his sloop. He talked little; for he was trying a new dye. He was boiling a handkerchief in a pan of herbs, over a little brazier fixed on the deck. The experiment made him silent; but in moments of enthusiasm he spoke a few words, stirring the mess with a fid.

“What colour are you trying to get?” Margaret asked.

“One of them bright greens the Indians get.”

“You never will, cap,” said the helmsman. “Them Indians use moss; a kind of tree moss. I’ve seed ’em do it.”

“Well, if this don’t turn out a green, I’ll wash in it.”

“What’s the matter, Stukeley? Is anything the matter?” Stukeley had burst out laughing without apparent reason.

“Nothing’s the matter,” Stukeley answered. “I was thinking of my interview with the Governor.”

It was high noon when they arrived at Tolu Road. They hoisted a white flag, and stood in boldly till they were a mile to the south-west of the town. Here the sloop was hove-to, while the men prepared for their journey. The six oarsmen of the whale-boat stuffed loaded pistols within their shirts, and laid their muskets in oilskin cases below the thwarts. Margaret and Stukeley sat in the sternsheets,

both wearing their swords. Tucket, who steered with an oar, was armed with pistols. A flag of truce was hoisted in the boat. Tucket told his mate to keep a sharp look out in the sloop, and to run in to pick them up “if anything happened.” Then the little lugsail was hoisted, and the boat began to move towards the town.

Margaret was disappointed with himself as the boat crept on towards the town. He had so often lived over this adventure in his fancy that the reality seemed tame to him. He was disappointed with the look of the city; it seemed but a mean place; a church, a fort, a few stone houses, a gleam of red pantiles against the forest, and a mud wall ringing it in. The bell tinkled in the belfry, tinkled continually, jerked by a negro who had had no orders to stop. It seemed to Margaret that a bell was out of place in that half-savage town. It was not a Christian town. Those were not Christians on the beach. They were Indians, negroes, convicts, runaways, half-breeds. They needed some bloodier temple than that old church in the square. They needed a space in the forest, lit by fires in the night. They needed the reek of sacrifice and the clang of gongs. And this was the place he had sailed to. Here his life’s venture was to be put to the touch. Here, in this place, this little old squalid city between the sea and the jungle. All the long anxieties were to be resolved there. There on the sand, beyond the spume of the breakers, the doubts were to end. He could not bring himself to care. His thoughts ran on the pale face of Olivia, on her words to him, on the possibility of a new life for her.

“Stukeley,” he said, speaking very quietly in his hearer’s ear, “look here. I want to say this. After this business, if you care, would you like to settle in Jamaica or somewhere? Or in France? You and Olivia? You could draw on me, you know. We could start something together.”

Stukeley seemed to measure the distance between the boat and the shore. He looked at Margaret with a gleam of humour in his eyes.

“Thanks,” he said. “I’ll think it over.”

“Very well,” Margaret said. “There comes the captain. What strange little horses. Are they imported, Captain Tucket?”

“No, sir This country horses. Imported horses die of the heat, or the change of grass. Beyond Carta-yaina there’s very good horse country.”

The rabble on the beach drew back now towards the town, handling their arms. Half a dozen horsemen rode as though to meet the boat, almost to the lip of the sea. One of them, a negro, who held his stirrups with his toes, carried a pennon.

“The lad on the pinto’s the capataz,” said Tucket in his beard. “Stand up with the flag in the bows there. Down sail. Let your oars swing fore and aft in their grummets, ready to back her off. Wave your flag of truce, Ed. Don’t shake your pistols out though. Stand by, Captain Stukeley.”

“Are they friendly, do you think?”

“Sure.”

“Oh, Stukeley,” Margaret said. “This little case contains a ring for the Governor. Say that you trust that it may have the felicity to fit.”

“I will,” said Stukeley. “They carry some plate on their headstalls, don’t they?” He put the case in his pocket.

The bow man waved his flag of truce, then lowered it, and knelt, waiting for the shock of the grounding. Very gently, in the wash of little waves and slipping shingle, the boat’s nose took the sand. Captain Margaret stepped across the thwarts, holding a white cloth in his hand. Watching his time, he leaped nimbly beyond the water, and uncovered. Stukeley followed him, jumping clumsily. It seemed to Margaret, as he turned sharply, thinking that the man had fallen, that a book in Stukeley’s inner pocket was surely Cammock’s mapbook. It half jolted out as the coat flew open. It was a glimpse, nothing more. Perhaps he was wrong. The two men stood uncovered before the horsemen, who watched them with the grave eyes of animals. An elderly man among the riders rode forward for a pace or two, uncovering with a gesture full of dignity. He had the bearing of a soldier. It seemed to Margaret that the gesture explained the might of Spain. Stukeley advanced towards the horseman with his hat beating against his knee. He spoke quietly in Spanish. After a few words, the elderly man dismounted, and the two walked to and fro together, talking with a grave politeness, which seemed to extend to the listeners, whether they understood or not.

Presently Stukeley bowed very low to the captain, and walked jauntily to Margaret. “It’s all right,” he said. “I think they’ll do your business for you. They’re very friendly. They’re going to take me to see the Governor.”

“Am I to come?”

“Only one man, he says. I may have to stay to dinner.”

“You think you run no risk? I’m willing to come if you think you run any. I ought to share it.”

“They’re all right. There’s no risk. But he offers a hostage.”

“One of those cut-throats?”

“It ain’t very polite to accept. Eh? I’ll go alone. He knows you’ve a commission. I’ve shown him that duplicate. It’s all right. I’ll go off now. So long, my Maggy. Con Dios, caballero. Try and keep warm on the sands here.”

He saluted the boat’s crew, gave Margaret a queer glance, and rejoined the capataz, who bowed to them gravely. The negro with the pennon led the dismounted horse. The capataz walked with Stukeley, followed by the other troopers. They went slowly towards the gate of the city. The troopers made their horses curvet and passage, clashing their silver gear. Margaret stood at the lip of the water, watching them, till they had passed within the gate, followed by the rabble.

The boatmen held that it would not be politic to return to the sloop. “It might seem as we didn’t trust them,” Tucket said. So they rigged the boat-rug as an awning over the sternsheets, and whiled away the time, suffering much from the heat. It was a stifling day. The time passed slowly, with many calls for the water-breaker. They made their dinner of plantains, then smoked, exchanging stories, longing for Stukeley’s return. Margaret found the time less irksome than he had expected; for Tucket began to talk, out of a full heart, about the subjects dear to him. He had never had such a listener before. Margaret drew him out, with his usual sympathy, till the man’s inmost life was bare before him. Such woods would take a polish, and such other woods would take a stain; and such and such resins, why should they not stain a wood to all colours of the rainbow, if treated with care in the right way? It would be fine, Captain Tucket said, to be a chemist, and have nothing else to do but to watch your dye vats

all day long. Vats of indigo, of anatta, of cochineal, all the lovely colours, and—— Say. If one could get a green that showed the light in it, like the water breaking on a reef. The hours passed; it was nearly three o’clock; but still no Stukeley.

“The Guv’nor dines late,” said one of the men.

“I guess it’s difficult to get away from the donnas,” said another. The others laughed; for Stukeley’s faults were well known.

“I dunno, sir,” said Tucket. “It seems a bit odd.”

“He seemed very sanguine about it,” Margaret answered.

“I ain’t much charmed with your friend myself,” said Tucket. “I don’t trust that Master Stukeley.”

“You don’t think he’s deserted? Is that your meaning?”

“Well, I wouldn’t a trusted him to be my interpreter,” Tucket answered, with the growl of one whose superior wisdom, now proved, is proved too late. “We could a give you Thomas Gandy. He’d have done as good. He knows Spanish just like a book, Tom do. And you could a trusted Tom with your life. Now you ain’t on too good terms with the Mr. Stukeley feller.”

“Shall I go into the town, then? To see if anything’s wrong?”

“Why, no, sir. That’s putting your joint in the fire to hot your soup. Stay here, sir.”

“Well, we’ll wait a little longer. What d’you say to bathing?”

“It’s not really safe, sir. There’s cat-fish on this coast. Besides, we better not get all over the place like shifting backstays. Them Dagoes might come some of their monkey-tricks.”

“The town is quiet enough.”

“Siesta time,” said one of the men. “They likes a doss in the afternoon.”

“I dunno what to think,” Tucket said. “But ’t’ain’t too wholesome, to my mind.”

“He said he might be kept for dinner.”

“He could a sent word. Or they’d a sent dinner here. I’ve knowed Dagoes do that. You got good eyes, Ed. What d’you make of the woods there, back of the sand?” He turned to Margaret. “He’d been with the Indians three or four years, Ed done. He sees things in brush like that, just like an animal.”

All hands stared into the wall of green, which rose up eighty yards away, beyond the line of the sand. The trees towered up, notching the sky with their outlines. The sun blazed down upon them, till they flashed, as though their leaves were green steel. They made a wall of forest, linked, tangled, criss-crossed, hiding an inner darkness. A parrot was tearing at a blossom high up on a creeper, flinging out the petals with little wicked twists of his head. He showed up clearly against the sky in that strong light.

“Nothing wrong there,” said Ed. “Look at the parrot.”

They looked at the parrot, and laughed to hear him abuse the flower.

“They’re the kind you can learn to speak, sir,” said a seaman. “I’ve known some of them birds swear, you would think it was real. Some of them can do it in Spanish.”

“The Spaniards don’t swear,” said another man.

“They’ve got caramba,” said the first. “Caramba. That’s the same as God damn is in English.”

“Funny way of saying it,” said the other.

“Some one’s in that brush,” said the man called Ed. “See the paharo?”

Something had startled the parrot. He leaped up with a scream from his liane, made a half-circle in the air, and flew away, wavering, along the coast. One or two other birds rose as quietly as moths, and flitted into the night of the wood. A deer stepped out on to the beach daintily, picking her steps. She sniffed towards the town, listened, seemed to hear something, caught sight of the boat, and fled. Then came a sudden chattering of monkeys, a burst of abusive crying, lasting only for a moment.

“D’ye see anything, Ed?”

“There’s plenty of ’em, cap, I guess.”

“Can you hear ’em? Lay your head on the ground.”

“The wash of the sea’s too loud. I can’t hear nothing.”

“They’re coming from the town, are they?”

“Sure.”

“Is there a road at the back of that wood?” Margaret asked.

“No, sir. I guess not. The Dagoes use the beach as a road.”

“Yes,” said a seaman. “They go to Covenas. A town along there. They always go by the beach.”

“Do you know this place, then?”

“I worked on them walls a year, once. I’d ought to know it.”

“D’ye make out anything more, Ed?”

“They’re not far off yet, I guess, cap.”

“Do you think it’s an ambush, Captain Tucket?” Margaret asked.

“No saying, mister. May as well make ready,” he answered. “We’ll lay out our boat’s kedge to seaward, so as we can warp off in a hurry.”

They rowed the boat out into the bay, dropped their kedge, and backed her stern-first to the beach. They struck the awning, hoisted sail, and laid their oars in the thole-pins. They waited for another half-hour, watching the mysterious forest.

“I guess we’ll go off to the sloop, cap,” said a seaman. “He’s give us the flying foretopsail.”

“Them paharos is back among them berries,” said Ed. “I guess it was boys come for plantains.”

“I dunno,” said Tucket. “It’s odd our man ain’t come.”

“I must go up to the town to find out about him,” Margaret said. “I can’t wait like this.”

“I wouldn’t, sir,” said Tucket. “What do you say, boys?”

“No,” said the men. “No. It wouldn’t do.”

“But I got him to go. I can’t let him get into trouble through me. I’m responsible. I must see about him. I can’t go back without him.”

“He’s give you the foresheet, sir,” said one of the men.

“Yes. The son of a gun. I guess he has,” said another.

“There’s some one in that brush,” said Ed. “Them paharos has topped their booms for keeps.”

“Well,” said Margaret, taking out his white cloth, noting the wild, frightened flight of a half-dozen parrots, “I’m going to the some one, to find out.” He leaped from the sternsheets into the shallow water, and began to wade ashore, holding his cloth.

“Don’t you try it. You come back, sir,” called Tucket.

Margaret heard some one (he thought it was Ed’s voice) saying, “He’s brave all right,” and then, behind him, came the click of gunlocks. He glanced back, and saw that two of the men in the

sternsheets had taken out their guns, while a third man laid other loaded guns ready to their hands. Ed called to him as he turned.

“You come back, sir.” Then, seeing that his words were of no avail, he leaped into the water and caught him by the arm. “Back to the boat, sir,” he said. “It’s not you only. It might be us.”

“I must find out about my friend,” said Margaret. “I can’t leave him as he is.”

“Bring him back, Ed. Make him come back,” called the boatmen.

“Now you go back,” Ed repeated, grinning, “or I’ll have to put you.” He looked up suddenly at the forest. “My Santa Marta!” he cried. “Into the boat. Here they are.” He thrust Margaret backwards towards his fellows, and instantly bent down to shove the boat clear. Both were up to their knees in water at the boat’s side. Some one, it was the man who had worked in Tolu, leaned out and grabbed at Margaret’s collar.

“Look out, sons!” cried Tucket.

At the instant a swarm of men burst from the edge of the forest. One or two of them who were mounted charged in at a gallop. The others ran down, crying, firing their guns as they ran. The water about the boat was splashed violently, as though some one flung pebbles edgewise from a height. Margaret drew his sword and turned. He saw a horse come down within twenty yards of him. Some one shouted “Crabs” derisively. Half a dozen fierce faces seemed staring on him, rushing on him, their mouths open, their eyes wide. There was a crack of guns. Men were falling. Then the wildness passed; he was calm again. A Spaniard, the rider of the fallen horse, was in the water, thrusting at him with a lance, calling him cuckold and bastard in the only English words he knew. Margaret knocked the lance aside with difficulty, for the man was strong and wild. His thoughts at the moment, for all the danger, was “I can’t be both.” He wondered in that flash of time whether a man could be both. All the beach seemed hidden from him with smoke and fire and the hurrying of splashing bodies. Where was Ed gone? It was all smoke and racket. He was being hit. Something struck his left arm. Striking at random at a voice in the smoke, his sword struck something. He dragged his sword back, and slipped with the effort. He was up to his waist in water for an instant, below the smoke. He

saw men’s legs. He saw water splashing. Then there was smoke everywhere. Smoke of a hundred guns. A racket like the chambers shot off at the end of Hamlet; exactly like. A wave went into his face. Some one fell across him and knocked him down again. It was Ed.

“Hold up, you fool,” Ed cried. The voice was the high, querulous voice of the hurt man.

“You’re hit, Ed,” he said, catching him about the body. His arm stung along its length with the effort. “Where are you hit, Ed?”

“Abajo. Vete al carajo, hijo de la gran puta. Cabron! Mierda!” The words came out of the smoke like shots. The roar of the battle seemed to be all about him. He backed, staggering, to get out of the smoke. A half-tamed horse’s teeth ripped the sleeve from his hurt arm, knocking them both down again. Some one jabbed him with a lance in the shoulder. He struck the horse as he rose half choked, still clutching Ed. The horse leaped with a scream. The smoke lifted. It was all bright for a moment. A mad horse; a trooper swearing; Ed’s body like a sack with blood on it; a smoke full of fiery tongues. There was the boat though. Then the smoke cloaked it. Bullets splashed water in his face. The butt of a flung lance banged him on the side of the head. The horse reared above him, screaming, floundering in foam, then falling heavily. He was almost out of his depth now, half swimming, half dead, lugging a nether millstone. Blood was in his eyes, his sword dangled from his wrist, his free hand tried to swim. He clutched at the boat, missed, went under, gulping salt. He clutched again as the white side slid away. His fingers caught upon the gunwale, near the stroke’s thwart. He made the boat sway to one side a little. “Trim her,” said Tucket, as he hauled, face forward, on the warp. He did not look round; merely trimmed her mechanically, flinging the warp’s fakes aft. “Away-hay-hay-i-oh,” he sang. “Lively, Jude,” said another. “If you fire like you load, your bullets has moss on them.” Two of them were firing sharply, lying behind the backboard. “Cut,” cried Tucket. There was a shock of chopping on the gunwale. A hand sculled way upon her with the steering-oar as the sail filled. The midship oars were manned.

“Give me a hand here, please,” said Margaret weakly. “Catch Ed.” “Lord. I thought you were in,” said Tucket. “Up with him. Ed’s gone. Don’t capsize the ship, you. I’d forgot you two.”

Margaret managed to scramble in, helped by the boatmen. Then he collapsed in the bottom of the boat over Ed. He had had a moving time. He came-to quickly, with the taste of rum in his mouth and a feeling of intense cold. His teeth chattered; he was weak and sick. “Land and bring off Stukeley,” he said. “I can’t leave Stukeley.”

“We’ll be in the sloop in a minute,” said one of the men. “We’ll shift him there. He got a prod in the shoulder.”

“How is it, Ed?” said another voice. “You’re all right.”

“What’s wrong with Ed?” said one of the rowers.

“Got a bat with a stone, I guess. I can’t see no shot hole. Hold up, Ed. You ain’t dead yet.”

“I’m all right,” said Ed weakly. “That Margaret fellow fell all across me and knocked me down.”

“He pulled you quit of the mix,” said Tucket. “Don’t you forget it.”

“He did, hell,” said Ed.

Margaret rose up in the boat. “I can’t leave Stukeley,” he said. “Pull in, Captain Tucket, and bring him off.”

“You lie down, sir, and stay quiet,” said Captain Tucket. “We’ll be there directly.”

One or two of the men tittered. Margaret tried to raise himself to look at the land. He heard the roar of cannon from somewhere astern. “That’s a heavy gun,” he said. “Who’s firing a heavy gun?” Then he felt suddenly very tired, the boat and the guns became blurred to him, he felt that there were ships sailing into action, firing their guns in succession, shaking with the shock. An array of ships was sailing. There were guns, guns. Guns that would never cease firing. There was water roaring. No. Not water. Horses. Horses and ships. Roaring, roaring. They were calling some one “Puta.” When he came-to, he was lying below in the sloop, with a cold mess on his arm and a fiery pain along his shoulder.

“Is Mr. Stukeley on board?” he asked.

“No, sir,” said Tucket, drying his hands. “Mr. Stukeley’s ashore. It’s my belief our Mr. Stukeley put that ambush on us. Mr. Stukeley’ll stay ashore.”

“I must bring him off. Land me, captain. There’s his wife.”

“You just have a lap of this lemon-drink,” said Tucket. “We had about as near a call as may be. Ed got a bat on the head. You been

pretty near killed. There’s a pound’s worth of paint knocked off the boat. Jude’s got a slug in his pants. The sail’s like a nutmeg-grater. If we’d not laid that warp out, the land-crabs would be eating us at this present. There’s a couple of hundred soldiers on the beach; besides the guns.”

“They came at us in a rush,” said Margaret. The words seemed not to come from him. His meaning had been to ask Tucket what had happened.

“That’s why they fired so wild,” said Tucket. “They rushed. They saw you and Ed, and thought they’d take you.”

“But Stukeley. We must get Stukeley. They may have killed him.”

“He’s all right. You settle off.”

After some hours of quiet, Margaret rose up, feeling very weak. The cabin was hot and foul, so he dressed, and went on deck for the freshness. The boat’s crew were telling the sloop hands exactly what had happened. Margaret knew from the way in which they spoke to him, from the plain words of “Good evening, sir,” and “I hope you’re better, sir,” that he was, for some reason, the hero of the moment. His shoulder pained him, so he sat down, with his back against the taffrail. A sailor placed a coat behind him, so that his rest might be easy. Tucket was steering. The lights of the Broken Heart were visible a couple of miles ahead, against the mass of Ceycen, which hid the stars to the north-eastward.

“Are you dead yet?” said Tucket.

“I’m well, thanks. I’m thinking of Mr. Stukeley.”

There came a sort of growl of “Stukeley” from the seamen about him. “Stukeley,” they said. “He’s a mother’s joy, the Portuguese drummer’s get.”

“Stukeley,” said Tucket. “He put that little quiff on us on the beach. I ain’t goin’ to drown no one, shedding tears for Stukeley.”

“Nor I,” said the man called Jude. “I’d only bought them pants a week.”

“Pants,” said Tucket. “You’d not a wanted many pants if Ed and Mr. Margaret hadn’t been in the water. Them two in the water made ’em rush. If they’d come slow, you’d a been a hit in the neck with that chewed slug, my son. Don’t you forget it.”

“Did anybody see Mr Stukeley?” Margaret asked. “Was he in the rush? Could anybody see in the smoke?”

“No, sir. No one saw him.”

“Then why do you think he, he prompted the raid? What makes you think that?”

“They’ve always received flags of truce before,” he answered. “And you’d a commission besides. You aren’t like one of us. Why didn’t they shoot when we put the son-of-a-gun ashore? I’ll tell you. They thought we were ordinary flag of truce. That curly-headed gentleman’s son put ’em up to it, after dinner Why? I know That’s why.”

“I can’t see your point,” Margaret answered. His thought was that he would have a bad hour with Olivia. The thought had no bitterness; it occurred to him simply, as a necessary part of the pain of moving from the sloop. His shoulder gave him pain; the thought of climbing his ship’s side gave him pain. He had a blurred feeling that he would have to stand painfully, explaining to a nervous woman. He would never be able to do it, he thought. He was too stupid with pain. He was feverish. He was tired. He would have to stand there, trying to be tender and sympathetic, yet failing, stupid, blunt. They would have to rescue Stukeley. Rescue him. “Yes,” he said to himself, “I’ll rescue him for you. I’ll bring him back to you from Tolu, Olivia.” He mumbled and muttered as the fever grew upon him. “I wish all this had never happened,” he said aloud.

“You’re goin’ off into the shakes,” said one of the men, putting a blanket round him. “You want to take bark in a sup of rum, sir, and then turn in.”

“Every one with a green wound gets the shakes in this country,” said another man. “Now up in Virginia you can go from September to May and never have ’em once.”

“There’s a light in the cabin,” said Margaret, with his teeth chattering.

“That’s your ship all right, sir. Ahoy, you! Broken Heart ahoy-ah!”

“Ahoy, you!” came out of the night. “Is that the Happy Return?”

“We’re the jolly come-backs.”

Bells were beaten from somewhere in the darkness. To Margaret’s throbbing brain the strokes seemed to be violent lights. He thought in

his fever that all physical objects were interchangeable, that they all, however indifferent, expressed with equal value (though perhaps to different senses) the infinite intellect that was always One. He thought that the boat was a thought of a thought; and that a ship and a house were much alike, very worthless the pair of them. One should get away from these thoughts of thoughts to thought itself. The Broken Heart loomed large above him.

“Send down a chair, Lion,” some one said. “Mr. Margaret’s had a nasty clip.”

“Easy now with the chair,” said Cammock’s voice. “Is Mr Stukeley there?”

“He’s swallowed the killick,” said Tucket, with a hard laugh.

“He’s got my map-book, then,” said Cammock. “He’s gone with my map-book.”

“Yes,” said Margaret, getting out of the chair. “Your map-book. It’s in his pocket. I think I saw it there.”

“Lean on me, sir,” said Cammock. “The lady’s expecting you. She’s sitting up in the cabin.”

“Let me go. You turn in. I’ll break it to her,” Perrin said.

“No. I must go,” Margaret answered. “How has it been here, captain?” Feverish as he was, he felt that he had been away for many days. The ship was strange to him.

“I’ve been throwing the ship overboard, looking for my maps,” Cammock answered. “How is your hurt, sir? When you talk to the lady, you had better have a drop of something. Just stop at my cabin for a moment.”

He fetched wine and bark from his cupboard. Then the three men entered the cabin, where Olivia stood expectantly, her cheeks flushed, waiting for her husband’s return. She had made the most of her beauty for him. She had decked herself out with an art that brought tears to Perrin’s eyes. She had done her best, poor beauty, to keep the heart which, as she thought, she had won back again. Looking at her, as she stood there, Perrin learned that Stukeley had commended a slip of black velvet round her throat, that he had praised her arms, that he liked the hair heaped in such a fashion, with a ribbon of such a tone of green. He guessed all this at a glance, telling himself that he must never again speak of these

things to her And the poor girl had rouged her cheeks, to hide the paleness. She had pencilled her eyebrows. She had drunken some drug to make her eyes bright. In the soft light of the lamp she looked very beautiful. She stood there, half-way to the door, waiting for the lover of her love-days to take her to his heart again.

“Where is Tom?” she said. “You’re hurt, Charles. Where’s Tom? He isn’t killed? He isn’t killed?”

“He went into the city,” said Margaret dully.

“He went into the city.” His teeth chattered and clicked; he seemed to have been repeating his phrase for hours. “Into the city,” he repeated. He was ill, really ill. He was in a dream of fever. He was dreaming, he was in a nightmare, giving a message in that dreamspeech which none comprehend save the speaker.

“He went into the city,” said Olivia slowly. She sank backwards, till she leaned against the bulkhead, her arms straying out along the beading. “But he came back. He came back.”

“No, ma’am,” said Cammock gently. “He didn’t come back.”

“He’s not killed? Not dead? Oh, can’t one of you speak?”

“I don’t know,” said Margaret. “We waited. He went into the city with them.”

“They made friends,” said Perrin. “Your husband went with the Spaniards.”

“Oh, won’t you tell me what has happened?”

“They waited in the boat, ma’am,” said Cammock. “But your husband didn’t come back. And then the Spaniards attacked the boat. Captain Margaret was wounded.”

“And you came away without him?”

“Yes, Olivia. He’s in the city.”

“Oh, my God, my God. But don’t you know if he is dead or alive?”

“No, Olivia,” said Margaret.

“Charles was landing to find him when the Spaniards attacked,” said Perrin. “He was wounded. They wounded him, Olivia.”

“You left him, alone, Charles. Alone. To be killed.”

“We’ll bring him back, Olivia. We can win him back.”

“Oh, but he may be killed. He may be killed. He may be dead now.”

“Beg pardon, ma’am,” said Cammock. “We think he’s gone over to the Spaniards, with my book of charts as Basil draw.”

“You think he’s left, left us. You think, Charles. Do tell me. Tell me.”

“They think he’s gone into the city, Olivia,” Margaret said, “to tell the Spaniards of our plans. Into the city, Olivia. We saw him go into the city a long time before. They think he caused the attack on us. In the water. It was like a bad dream. Don’t. Don’t. I’ll bring him back, Olivia. We’ll bring him back to-morrow.”

“I’m quite calm, Charles,” said Olivia in a shaking voice. “I’m quite calm. Look at my hand here. You see.”

“Sit down, Olivia,” Margaret said. “There. In this chair. I want to say this. He went into the city walking with the captain of the garrison. The negro had his stirrup in his toes. They were to dine with the Governor. They were friends. He told me himself. Your husband told me they were friends. After the siesta they ambushed us. Oh, my God. They offered a hostage even. And your husband advised me to refuse it.”

“And you think,” Olivia said, “that Tom, my husband——” She paused. Then gave way to the running gamut of shaking sobs, her head on the table. “Oh, Tom, Tom, come back to me. Come back to me.”

“It was after he had dined with the Governor that they ambushed us,” Margaret repeated. “And I saw Cammock’s map-book in his pocket.”

“But he’d no thought of it,” she cried. “Only this morning. Only this morning. It was so sweet. Oh, he’d no thought of it this morning. None. You know he had none.”

“Of course, no one knows,” said Perrin. “He may be only a prisoner.”

“They never kill prisoners,” said Cammock. “Be easy as to that.”

“And he’s left me,” she sobbed. “Oh, but I know he loves me. It’s not that. I know he does. I know he does. Oh, Charles. What makes you think. I’m quite calm again. I can bear it all. I’m calm. What makes you think that he’s gone?”

“One or two things he asked. He was asking about life with the Spaniards. And his manner.”

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