THE URBAN FOREST AN ADAPTABLE FUTURE ECOLOGY
Nicole Zizzi
ARCH 5120 / ARCH 5220 Professor Michelle Laboy
PROJECT STATEMENT AN ADAPTABLE FUTURE & A NEW ECOLOGY
Our future is entirely dependent on the decisions we make in the present moment. Here, I propose a design for an adaptable future by carefully considering the sustainability of building materials, solar orientation, and site design. Through optimizing passive design strategies, the building is less dependent on technology and subsequently less likely to become obsolete with time. While the glue-laminated heavy timber structure acts as a carbon battery, the site further sequesters carbon throughout time through its urban forest ecology. The trees on the site are additionally part of a stormwater management system that collects water through a green roof and drains into tree boxes, allowing for evapotranspiration. This passive stormwater system, which depends on gravity and natural processes, is meant to avoid the need for active systems as much as possible. Further, the site plan is optimized for cross ventilation in the overheated period which allows for effective cross ventilation within the building when operable windows are in use. The system of structural glue-laminated arches supported by lateral arched knee bracing of varying size is meant to convey the field conditions of a forest, while the fenestration and shading systems of the building are meant to convey the nature of dappled light of the forest floor.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES
FIREPROOFING AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION
STRUCTURAL STUDIES GLULAMINATED HEAVY TIMBER
GLULAM
JOINTS IN LAMINATIONS: GLULAM
LVL
SCARF
LVL
FINGER
GLULAM BY CROSS SECTION
GLULAM BEAM LOADING
CAMBERED BEAM LOADING
BEAM DEFLECTION
NO BEAM DEFLECTION
GLULAMINATED TIMBER PARAMETRIC RELATIONS
THICKNESS =(Y)”
Y 3Y
2Y THICKNESS =(Y - 10)”
HIGH SLOPE
6Y
3Y
UPPER TANGENT
9Y
LOW SLOPE
1.4 (Y)
THICKNESS =(Y - 20)”
1.1 (Y)
2X
MEDIUM SLOPE
HINGES NEEDED
THICKNESS =(Y - 30)”
Y
2X
X HIGH PITCH THICK UPPER TANGENT
LOW PITCH THIN UPPER TANGENT
4Y 12Y
ORIGIN
OPTIMAL FOR MID SPAN SHORT MAXIMUM HEIGHT Y
X
2Y 2X
3Y
OPTIMAL FOR SHORT SPAN TALL HEIGHT
OPTIMAL FOR MID SPAN MID HEIGHT
OPTIMAL FOR WIDEST SPAN RELATIVELY SHORT HEIGHT
3X
MATERIAL EXPLORATION LAMINATING AND BENDING
MATERIAL TOUCHSTONE FIREPROOFING
STRUCTURAL STUDIES
STRUCTURAL STUDIES
LATERAL SYSTEM STUDIES
SECTION MODEL FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURE
A.
FOUNDATION AND GEOLOGY B.
C
FILL
FROST LINE
ORGANICS
OUTWASH DEPOSITS
MARINE DEPOSITS
A.
B.
A.
C.
C.
STRUCTURAL BAY GIRDER - BEAM RELATIONS
18’
CAMBER IN GLU-LAMINATED TIMBER
25’ 24’
BEAM LOADING
BEAM DEFLECTION
16’ CAMBERED LOADING
SPAN
DEPTH
WIDTH
GIRDER
25’
18”
6”
BEAM
18’
12”
3.5”
BEAM
24’
14”
3.5”
BEAM
16’
12”
3.5”
NO DEFLECTION
SPAN
DEPTH
WIDTH
SIMPLE GIRDER
18’
12”
6”
GIRDER + HANGING MEZZANINE
18’
24”
12”
CAMBERED BEAM TO ACCEPT EXTRA LOAD OF HANGING MEZZANINE
STUCTURAL INTEGRATION DIAGRAM glulam arches: primary structure
Type IV Construction: Heavy Timber
glulam girders: secondary structure glulam beams: secondary structure knee bracing: lateral structure
SPAN
DEPTH
WIDTH
GIRDER
50’
34”
9”
GIRDER
25’
18”
4 1/2”
BEAM
42’
30”
7 1/2”
BEAM
36’
50’
50’
BEAM
21’
20”
6”
BEAM
18’
12”
3 1/2”
BEAM
16’
10”
3 1/2”
Glulam Arches, Girders & Beams Cross-laminated Timber Floor Slabs Concealed Steal Plate Connections Building Height: 76’
frost line
fill organics
outwash deposits marine deposits
SITE LAYOUT
OPTIMIZING CROSS VENTILATION IN THE OVERHEATED PERIOD
NNW
N
NNE NE
NW
WNW
ENE
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Overheated
NNW
N
NNE NE
NW
ENE
WNW
E
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Underheated
N
SITE LAYOUT CONCEPT MODEL
N NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
ENE
WNW
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Overheated
NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
E
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Underheated
CONCEPT MODEL AN URBAN FOREST
CONCEPT MODEL AN URBAN FOREST
SITE LAYOUT CONCEPT MODEL
N NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
ENE
WNW
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Overheated
NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
E
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Underheated
SITE LAYOUT RE-VISITED
N NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
ENE
WNW
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Overheated
NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
E
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Underheated
SITE PLAN
URBAN FOREST ECOLOGY
FACADE STRATEGIES ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS water flow summer wind southern light exposure
SHADING DEVICES NORTH FACADE vertical shading devices
8.5° N
site specific vertical shading strategies
5’ - 7 3/4” 10”
North Facade 50’ bay
SHADING DEVICES NORTH FACADE vertical shading devices
1 ITERATIONS
2
3
FENESTRATION PATTERN NORTH FACADE 40% window to wall ratio
1 1 1
Rules
in direction perpendicular to shading devices, divide dimension into 20 equal segments. according to the pattern of 2 - 1 - 1- 1 , poche every other there should be 8 of 20 open areas, giving 40% window to wall ratio
2
LAYERED SYSTEMS NORTH FACADE 50’ Structural Bay
SHADING DEVICES SOUTH FACADE horizontal shading devices
54°
59°
site specific horizontal shading strategies overheated period
1’7”
South Facade 63’ height
SHADING DEVICES SOUTH FACADE vertical shading devices
FENESTRATION PATTERN SOUTH FACADE 40% window to wall ratio
Rules
in direction perpendicular to shading devices, divide dimension into 20 equal segments. according to the pattern of 2 - 1 - 1- 1 , poche every other there should be 8 of 20 open areas, giving 40% window to wall ratio 2
1 1 1
LAYERED SYSTEMS SOUTH FACADE 25’ Structural Bay
EAST FACADES AXONOMETRIC
SITE LAYOUT AXONOMETRIC
SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT
SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT
South Facades
North Facades
SECTION MODEL DAPPLED LIGHT
South Facade Interiors
PRE-FAB SIP PANELS CEDAR CLAD RAINSCREEN
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
z-clip applied directly to OSB 3/4” weather proofed cedar panel
5/8” gypsum interior finish
roller applied liquid membrane: air & moisture barrier
5 5/8” foam insulation 7/16” OSB particle board
7/16” OSB particle board
pre-fabricated structural panel
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM LVL MULLIONS AND TRIPLE GLAZING
structural insulated panel and cladding system triple glazed window panel laminated veneer lumber mullion
INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
parapet cap with drip edges 4’ parapet air and water barriers cedar cladding 6 1/2” SIP cedar drainage reveal stormwater drainage
vegetation 6” intensive soil mix 4” granular drainage 1/4” protection mat 12 1/4” structural insulated palnel sub-structure
LANDSCAPE DETAIL
TREE BOX FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
flood bubbler 4” dry paving 2” stone dust settling bed 8” crushed stone 3’ structural soil 12” crushed stone perforated subdrain compacted subgrade
structural insulated panel and cladding system triple glazed window panel laminated veneer lumber mullion
flood bubbler 4” dry paving 2” stone dust settling bed 8” crushed stone 3’ structural soil 12” crushed stone perforated subdrain
EXTERIOR
INTERIOR
compacted subgrade
tree species onsite
american holly (coniferous) black cherry (deciduous) atlantic white cedar (coniferous) black tupelo (deciduous)
parapet cap with drip edges 4’ parapet air and water barriers cedar cladding 6 1/2” SIP
storm water flow
cedar drainage reveal stormwater drainage
vegetation 6” intensive soil mix
vertical furring strip applied to OSB
4” granular drainage
3/4” weather proofed cedar panel
1/4” protection mat 12 1/4” structural insulated palnel sub-structure
5/8” gypsum interior finish
roller applied liquid membrane: air & moisture barrier
5 5/8” foam insulation 7/16” OSB particle board
7/16” OSB particle board
pre-fabricated structural panel
ENVELOPE INTEGRATION DRAWING
ELEVATION NORTH
ELEVATION SOUTH
SITE SECTION PUBLIC WALKWAY
lo - hi
hi - hi
HARVARD RULES ALL
THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS
The inaccessibility of education creates a drastic class divide because workers aren’t educated enough to know their basic rights. Those who can afford education end up funneling money into technology and AI improvement with the aim of increasing productivity and profit margins, rendering the working class obsolete.
Economic boom and free education for all leads to an uprising in creative thinking and critical problem solving. The arts and sciences have equal value leading to solutions to problems such as climate change. Sustainable solutions to agriculture lead to a growing population in need of housing. An educated population is happy, equitable, and willing to live in micro-units with shared public space for recreation.
POWER: Harvard as Developer BUILDING USE: Institutional
POWER: Market Driven BUILDING USE: mixed used communal housing and recreation
labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub
economic boom
privatization of primary school (and above) education inequalities uneducated working class
free education for all: more creative labor more trades more technology advancements
NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM With no disposable income for even the wealthiest, the government subsidizes education for those who can get into Harvard. The government pays for education, but dictates what Harvard can and can’t research. This leads to the elimination of the arts and diverts educational focus to finance, defense technology, and subliminal psychology for propaganda.
lo - lo
micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail
EDUCATED & EXILED An economic depression leads to an unprecedented unemployment rate, despite all citizens being educated. A new homeless working class emerges, leading to public health issues. Government institutes universal healthcare and compensates health care workers by providing housing. economic depression
POWER: Government as Developer & Partner with Harvard BUILDING USE: Institutional Administrative
POWER: Government as Developer BUILDING USE: mixed use housing and medical center
intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing
full service medical center public housing
hi - lo
HARVARD RULES ALL
labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub
micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail
THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS
Occupancy : ~ 1,400
Occupancy : ~ 2,300
Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf
Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf
Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal load > envelope load cooling condition
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr
NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM
intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing
full service medical center public housing
EDUCATED & EXILED
Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf
Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
HARVARD RULES ALL
labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub
micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail
THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS
Occupancy : ~ 1,400
Occupancy : ~ 2,300
Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf
Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf
Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal load > envelope load cooling condition
increase girder depth add extra beams
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr
NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM
intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing
full service medical center public housing
EDUCATED & EXILED
Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf
Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
HARVARD RULES ALL
labs classrooms technology warehouse supercomputer hub
micro unit housing performing arts and galleries maker space food and retail
THE WORLD IS YOUR CANVAS
Occupancy : ~ 1,400
Occupancy : ~ 2,300
Live load: (heavy storage) 250 psf
Live load: (light manufactoring): 125psf
Internal sensible load: ~2,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal load > envelope load cooling condition
increase girder depth add extra beams
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
ACTIVE SYSTEMS NEEDED Central All-Air System single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool
based on building area 140,500 sf envelope conduction: -1,907,375 btu/hr
NO MONEY, NO PROBLEM
intelligence offices classrooms light manufacturing
full service medical center public housing
EDUCATED & EXILED
Occupancy : ~ 1,400 Occupancy : ~ 700 Live load: (light manufactoring) 125psf
Live load: (hospital operating rooms): 60 psf Internal sensible load: ~1,000,000 btu/hr
Internal sensible load: ~700,000 btu/hr Internal load < envelope load heating condition
PASSIVE HEATING STRATEGIES
Internal load < envelope load heating condition
HARVARD RULES ALL Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool
HALF OF BUILDING: 70,250 SF Major Heating and Cooling Equipment cooling capacity 250 - 350 tons total space for boiler room and chilled water plant 1075 - 1250 sf space for cooling towers 250 - 325 sf Air Handling Spaces cooling air volume 100,300 - 100,700 CFM area of main supply or return ducts 70 - 85 sf area of branch supply or return ducts 125 - 160 sf area of fan rooms 310 - 400 sf area of fresh air louvers 200 - 290 sf area of exhaust air louvers 250 - 300 sf
HARVARD RULES ALL Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool
HALF OF BUILDING: 70,250 SF Major Heating and Cooling Equipment cooling capacity 250 - 350 tons total space for boiler room and chilled water plant 1075 - 1250 sf space for cooling towers 250 - 325 sf Air Handling Spaces cooling air volume 100,300 - 100,700 CFM supply ducts
area of main supply or return ducts 70 - 85 sf
return ducts
area of branch supply or return ducts 125 - 160 sf
chimney cooling tower boiler room and chillded water plant fan room fresh air louvers exhaust louvers
area of fan rooms 310 - 400 sf area of fresh air louvers 200 - 290 sf area of exhaust air louvers 250 - 300 sf Central All-Air System: single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for outdoor air to be used to cool
Ductwork Caclulations 6 floors, 20 bays main supply/return ducts: 70 - 85 sf branch supply/return ducts: 125 -160 sf
34’ / 6 floors
=
5’ 6” aggregate width per floor
28’ - 34’
160’ / 6 floors
125’ - 160’
aggregate width
26.5’ aggregate width per floor
26.5’ / 20 bays
aggregate width
=
=
5’ 6” aggregate width per floor
1’ 6 1/2” 2’ 9”
=
3’ 1 “ aggregate width per structural bay
1’ 6 1/2”
2’ 9”
main supply & return ducts: 70 - 85 sf
branch supply & return ducts: 125 -160 sf
=
3’ 1 “ aggregate width per structural bay
50’
20’ boiler room 1250sf
separated by 10’
45’ cooling tower 325sf
fresh air louvers 270sf
45’
exhaust louvers 270sf 110’
fan room ~400sf
HARVARD RULES ALL: SCENARIO 1 ACTIVE COOLING SYSTEM Central All-Air System, single duct, variable air volume (VAV) allows for intake of cool outdoor air
140,500sf building area envelope conduction: -1,907,375 Btu/hr Cooling Condition
use: labs, classrooms, tech warehouse, supercomputer hub occupancy: ~ 1,400 live load: (heavy storage) 250psf internal sensible load: 2,000,000 Btu/hr Internal load > envelope load
SCENARIO 2 :NO
Heating Condition use: intelligence offices, classrooms, light manufacturing occupancy: ~ 700 live load: (light manufacturing) 125 psf internal sensible load: 700,000 Btu/hr Internal load < envelope load
MONEY, NO PROBLEM
ACTIVE HEATING SYSTEM Central All Water System, hydronic convectors economical to operate PASSIVE SYSTEM Cross ventilation, cooling overheated period N NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Overheated
NNW
N
NNE
NW
NE
WNW
ENE
W
E
WSW
ESE
SW
SE SSW
S
SSE
Allston Underheated
fan room
boiler room & chilled water plant
increased load capacity deeper girders & extra beams
hydronic convector heating operable windows cross ventilation in overheated period
fan room adjacent to building envelope to allow for fresh air intake & exhaust
supply cooled air return air
heated water supply water return