Test bank for personality psychology understanding yourself and others 2nd edition jean m twenge jea

Test Bank for Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2nd Edition, Jean M

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e TOTAL ASSESSMENT Chapter 6 Psychodynamic Approaches GUIDE

Learning Objective Learning Objective 6.1 Learning Objective 6.2

Learning Objective 6.2.1

Learning Objective 6.2.2 Learning Objective 6.3

Learning Objective 6.4 Learning Objective 6.5

Remember the Facts Multiple Choice 5, 6 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 21 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 22, 24, 27 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 38 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 51, 52 Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice 59 Short Answer Essay

Understand the Concepts

Apply What You Know

Analyze It

10, 14, 15

73 13, 17, 20

18, 19

62

63

25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 64

23, 26

74 29

75 36, 37 65 76 44, 45, 46

50

66 77, 78 53, 54, 55, 56 67, 68

69

79 58, 60 70 80

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

Multiple Choice Questions 1. How do psychodynamic theorists view personality? a. Personality results from learning; environmental forces shape and determine an individual’s characteristics. b. Personality represents a complex interplay of conscious and unconscious forces within an individual. c. Personality is seen as a collection of traits, with some traits being more fundamental than others. d. Personality represents the unfolding of preprogrammed genetic tendencies.

Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

2. Which theorist developed psychoanalysis as a specific model of the psychodynamic approach? a. Karen Horney b. Alfred Adler c. Sigmund Freud d. Carl Jung Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

3. Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and __________ were neo-analytic psychodynamic theorists. a. Sigmund Freud b. Jean Piaget c. Abraham Maslow d. Carl Jung Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

4. Professor Dempsey thinks the Freudian view that sex plays a central role in psychological conflict is exaggerated. She thinks interpersonal relationships and the social context are of greater importance to psychological development. Professor Dempsey is most likely a __________. a. neo-analytic theorist b. cognitive-behavioral theorist c. humanistic theorist d. behaviorist Answer: a Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

5. According to psychodynamic theorists, which part of the mind is outside of direct awareness? a. unconscious b. conscious c. manifest d. symbolic Answer: a Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: An Overview of Psychodynamic Theories Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

6. __________ refers to the way a client perceives her or his therapist. a. Cathexis b. Transference c. Projection d. Manifest content Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: An Overview of Psychodynamic Theories Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

7. Why is the Freudian psychodynamic perspective still relevant to modern personality psychology? a. Empirical evidence continues to confirm the correctness of psychodynamic concepts. b. Psychodynamic concepts have been generative, pervasive, and comprehensive. c. Freud’s writings have only recently attracted attention in mainstream psychology; they offer a fresh perspective on traditional theories. d. Psychodynamic theory guides most of the current theorizing in personality psychology.

Answer: b Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: An Overview of Psychodynamic Theories Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

8. __________ is a psychological disorder characterized by unexplained physical symptoms such as blindness, fainting, or paralysis. a. Depression b. Cathexis c. Hysteria d. Repression Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Freud’s Models of the Mind Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

9. Ronnie arrived for his first appointment with a psychotherapist. “I’m a little nervous,” Ronnie confessed. “I’m not sure what I’m supposed to do.” “Let’s start with this,” the therapist replied. “Just say whatever comes into your mind.” What technique is Ronnie’s therapist using? a. cathexis b. transference c. free association d. the reality principle Answer: c Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freud’s Models of the Mind Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

10. According to Freud’s topographical model, which part of the mind functions to keep the unconscious out of conscious awareness? a. preconsciousness b. the pleasure principle c. the reality principle d. free associated transference Answer: a Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

11. Which principle governs the operation of the unconscious mind? a. reality principle b. structural model c. topographical principle d. pleasure principle Answer: d Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Topographical Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

12. The conscious mind is generally governed by the __________. a. pleasure principle b. reality principle c. structural model d. censorship model Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Topographical Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

13. Sam and Ella were reviewing their notes for their personality psychology class. “Let’s see . . . operates on the pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification, pays no attention to societal expectations, untamed passions . . . that sounds just like our friend Gary!” Sam remarked. “Yup,” agreed Ella. “He’s nothing but pure __________.” a. iceberg b. ego c. id d. super-ego Answer: c Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

14. The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the __________ and the __________. a. id; super-ego b. ego; id c. ego; super-ego d. cerebrum; cerebellum Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

15. Freud compared the __________ to a chariot driver trying to control unwieldy horses. a. id b. ego c. super-ego d. extra ego Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

16. Which part of our mind is known as “above I”? a. pre-id b. ego c. super-ego d. extra ego Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

17. Freud’s structural model of the mind is often compared to __________. a. an engine, with a few key parts causing the rest to perform b. a factory, with constant levels of production across all shifts c. an iceberg, with some parts accessible but most parts hidden d. a computer, with mechanistic inputs, analysis, and outputs Answer: c Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

18. An angel, a demon, and a human walk into a cafe. The angel says, “I’d like to buy pizza for the house; it’s the right thing to do.” The human says, “I’d like that, too, but realistically, we can’t afford it.” The demon, meanwhile, has already emptied the cash register and sabotaged the jukebox. Although there’s no punchline to this joke, there are parallels to Freud’s view of the organization of the mind. Can you correctly identify those parallels? a. The demon operates like the super-ego, the human operates like the id, and the angel operates like the ego. b. The demon operates like the ego, the human operates like the super-ego, and the angel operates like the id. c. The demon operates like the id, the human operates like the super-ego, and the angel operates like the ego. d. The demon operates like the id, the human operates like the ego, and the angel operates like the superego.

Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

19. According to psychodynamic theory, how does the super-ego operate in the structure of mind? a. The super-ego provides the ego with a “list” of better or worse behaviors to choose from. b. The super-ego grapples directly with the id to control the id’s desires. c. The super-ego forces the ego to consider socially acceptable forms of behavior. d. The super-ego is largely absent in the structure of the mind, not developing until a person’s 40s.

Answer: c Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

20. Edgar effused, “Man, I’m all ego! I do what I want, whenever I want to.” Ivan intoned, “Me, I’m pure id. I know right from wrong, and I always tread the moral path.” Stefano shrieked, “I am the definition of super-ego.

Straight and steady through the world, trying to be sensible about it all.” Despite their best intentions, these three Freudian fellows are a bit mixed up. Can you assign the correct attributes to each person? a. Edgar is id, Ivan is super-ego, Stefano is ego b. Edgar is super-ego, Ivan is ego, Stefano is id c. Edgar is id, Ivan is ego, Stefano is super-ego d. Edgar is ego, Ivan is id, Stefano is super-ego Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

21. When someone misspeaks, saying something inappropriate at an awkward time, it may be a revelation of some deeper hidden desire. In psychodynamic terms, this is called __________. a. a Freudian slip b. transference c. censorship d. an oral fixation Answer: a Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Explain Freud’s topographical and structural model of personality.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

22. The __________ stage of psychosexual development is associated with breastfeeding. a. anal b. phallic c. latent d. oral Answer: d Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

23. Renaldo is being toilet trained. It is likely that he is in the __________ stage of development. a. oral b. phallic c. anal d. genital Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

24. During which age range is a child likely to be in the anal stage of psychosexual development? a. 0 to 1 year b. 1 to 3 years c. 4 to 6 years d. 7 to 11 years Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

25. Around ages 4 to 6, the libido migrates to the genitals during the __________ stage. a. phallic b. oral c. anal d. genital Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

26. Sid is a compulsive masturbator. According to Freud, fixation during which psychosexual stage of development led to this outcome? a. latency b. phallic c. anal d. genital Answer: b Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

27. During which of Freud’s stages of psychosexual development does a child begin adult sexual development? a. oral stage b. anal stage c. latent stage d. genital stage Answer: d Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

28. According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, how old would a person likely be who was experiencing a period of sexual calm, with no particular focus on any bodily zone? a. 3 years old b. 10 years old c. 18 years old d) 25 years old Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

29. Assunta wanted to remember the correct order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development, so she challenged herself with a grocery game. She remembered Phallic (Peaches), Anal (Apples), Oral (Oranges), Genital (Grapes), and Latency (Lemons). Which fruit-based shopping list has the stages in the correct order? a. oranges, grapes, lemons, peaches, apples b. oranges, apples, peaches, lemons, grapes c. apples, peaches, lemons, grapes, oranges d. peaches, lemons, grapes, oranges, apples Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

30. According to Freud, early experiences of power and self-control can result in a(n) __________ personality. a. Oedipal b. anal-retentive c. Electra d. anal-expulsive Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

31. According to Freud, early experiences of gaining pleasure from releasing the bowels can result in a(n) __________ personality. a. Oedipal b. anal-retentive c. Electra d. anal-expulsive Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

32. A male child’s love for his mother and wish for his father’s death during the phallic stage is known as __________. a. the Oedipus complex b. castration anxiety c. the Electra complex d. penis envy Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

33. The daughter’s love for the father and wish for the mother’s death is called __________. a. the Oedipus complex b. anal-retentive personality c. the Electra complex d. anal-expulsive personality Answer: c Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

34. According to the psychodynamic perspective, boys experience __________ and girls experience __________. a. castration anxiety; penis envy b. the Electra complex; the Oedipal complex c. penis envy; castration anxiety d. oral fixation; anal fixation Answer: a Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

35. Who theorized that girls want to marry their fathers? a. Carl Jung b. Sigmund Freud c. Alfred Adler d. Karen Horney Answer: a Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

36. According to Freud, dreams cannot be understood from their apparent surface content, otherwise known as the __________. a. Electra complex b. latent content c. manifest content d. defensive content Answer: c Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Dreams: How We Access the Unconscious Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

37. The unconscious meaning of a dream is found in the dream’s __________. a. Electra complex b. latent content c. manifest content d. defensive content Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Dreams: How We Access the Unconscious Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

38. What personality trait characterizes people who are more likely to remember their dreams? a. being high in neuroticism b. being low in agreeableness c. being high in openness to experience d. being low in extraversion Answer: c Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Dreams: How We Access the Unconscious Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

39. According to the psychodynamic perspective, __________ are psychological processes that keep us from consciously experiencing things that could cause us suffering. a. cathexses b. defense mechanisms c. complexes d. transferences Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Mechanisms of Defense Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

40. When an individual is in denial, she or he is not acknowledging __________ content. a. subconscious b. conscious c. unconscious d. preconscious Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Denial Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

41. Which psychodynamic mechanism of defense involves disguising unconscious content by turning it into its opposite? a. repression b. reaction formation c. denial d. projection Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Reaction Formation Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

42. According to psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing an unconsciously experienced impulse or feeling to someone else? a. repression b. reaction formation c. denial d. projection Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Projection Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

43. Freud thought that one defense mechanism was key to all other defense mechanisms. Which mechanism was accorded this primary status? a. displacement b. reaction formation c. denial d. repression Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Repression Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

44. Marty has just had a heated argument with his coworker, and for a split second he feels the urge to punch the coworker in the chest. Instead, Marty takes an early lunch and works out by sparring at the gym. Which defense mechanism would Freud say is operating in this situation? a. projection b. denial c. rationalization d. displacement Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Displacement Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

45. Spencer has a lot of aggressive energy, and sometimes he has troubling thoughts about hurting people in violent ways. He finds that when he plays in his death metal band, Rancid Zebra Corpse, his urges go away and the audience praises his music. Freud would propose that Spencer is using the defense mechanism of __________ to deal with his unacceptable impulses. a. sublimation b. rationalization c. repression d. reaction formation Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Sublimation Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

46. Tammy loves to make others laugh as a way of building bridges between people. This style of humor is known as __________ humor. a. self-enhancing b. aggressive c. self-defeating d. affiliative Answer: d Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Humor Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

47. What humor style is used to help make a person look and feel better? a. affiliative b. self-enhancing c. aggressive d. self-defeating Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Humor Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

48. The humor style that is used to mock oneself is known as __________ humor. a. affiliative b. self-enhancing c. self-defeating d. aggressive Answer: c Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Humor Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

49. The term __________ refers to the belief that other people hold the same opinions as you do on issues. a. false consensus effect b. self-effect c. correct consensus effect d. opinion effect Answer: a Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Empirical Evidence for the Defense Mechanisms Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

50. What criticism has been directed toward Freud’s theories? a. Three additional psychosexual stages of development have been identified. b. Freud’s ideas are difficult to operationalize and test empirically. c. Too little emphasis was placed on childhood development in the formation of personality. d. Freud presented a narrow theory of personality that lacked application.

Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Challenges to Freudian Theories and Applications to Modern Psychology Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

51. According to Carl Jung, the __________ archetype is the personification of the “dark side” of the ego. a. anima/animus b. shadow c. self d. unconscious Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: The Archetypes Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

52. __________ is Carl Jung’s term for the archetype of the soul. a. Self b. Transference c. Shadow d. Anima/animus Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Archetypes Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

53. In Jungian theory, getting energy from social situations versus being alone is known as __________. a. thinking versus feeling b. intuition versus sensation c. judging versus perceiving d. extraversion versus introversion Answer: d Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Ego, Its Attitudes, and Its Functions Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

54. The rational functions in Jungian theory are __________. a. thinking versus feeling b. intuition versus sensation c. judging versus perceiving d. extraversion versus introversion Answer: a Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Ego, Its Attitudes, and Its Functions Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

55. The __________ type likes to see the patterns in issues, whereas the __________ type relies on concrete connections. a. thinking; feeling b. intuitive; sensing c. judging; perceiving d. extraverted; introverted Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Ego, Its Attitudes, and Its Functions Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

56. In Jungian terms, a connecting principle, almost imperceptible, that joins events and experiences is called __________. a. an archetype b. synchronicity c. individuation d. the hero’s journey Answer: b Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Process of Individuation Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

57. What is the core concept of Alfred Adler’s psychodynamic theory? a. A person’s unique struggle with feelings of inferiority is the key to understanding personality. b. Personality development is an ongoing process of trying to rid oneself of defense mechanisms. c. All humans can access a well of images, memories, and symbols housed in the collective unconscious. d. People resolve a series of conflicts presented across several psychosexual stages of development.

Answer: a Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Adler, Horney, and Object Relations Theory Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

58. Xiao Ling sees the world and the people in it as threats. To overcome these perceived challenges, she tries to secure background information on her supposed foes in order to use it against them. Xiao Ling is using the moving __________ technique. a. toward b. away c. against d. behind Answer: c Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Adler, Horney, and Object Relations Theory Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

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59. __________ theory is a model for understanding individuals by examining how they think about other people. a. Object integration b. Object relations c. Psychodynamic d. Neo-analytic Answer: b Difficulty Level: Easy Topic: Adler, Horney, and Object Relations Theory Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

60. Margareta grew up feeling unloved and unconnected to her mother. Margareta may experience __________. a. split object image b. basic fault c. transference d. synchronicity Answer: b Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Adler, Horney, and Object Relations Theory Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Short Answer Questions 61. What is analytical psychology?

Answer: Developed by Carl Jung, analytical psychology is the study of the personal and collective unconscious.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Remember the Facts APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.

62. What is the structural model of psychodynamic theory?

Answer: The structural model is Sigmund Freud’s model of the mind in three parts—the id, ego, and super-ego.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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63. According to psychodynamic theory, how aware are people of the three components of their minds?

Answer: In Sigmund Freud’s diagram of the structural model, the id, ego, and super-ego span across levels of the conscious and unconscious. The id is primarily unconscious, but the ego and super-ego exist at both the conscious and unconscious levels.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

64. What are castration anxiety and penis envy?

Answer: Castration anxiety is a male child’s fear of being castrated by his father. The term for the idea that girls desire to have penises is penis envy.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

65. How are wish fulfillment and day residue intertwined?

Answer: Sigmund Freud believed that all dreams are wish fulfillments based on unconscious wishes. The term day residue refers to experiences from the day incorporated into a dream’s manifest content, primarily to protect a person from unconscious wishes becoming conscious.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Dreams: How We Access the Unconscious Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

66. Sakiya is always preparing for the worst. She thinks it is better to think negatively about situations so that when bad things happen, she is ready. What protective strategy is she using?

Answer: Sakiya is using defensive pessimism, thinking negative thoughts to prepare for negative outcomes.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Mechanisms of Defense Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

67. Describe Carl Jung’s notion of archetypes, and provide examples.

Answer: Jung suggested that archetypes are the unconscious psychic structures shared by all people. His archetypes are the shadow, the anima/animus, and the Self.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Archetypes Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

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68. What is the hero’s journey?

Answer: The hero’s journey is Joseph Campbell’s model of individuation in which a protagonist descends into some kind of underworld but returns eventually.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: The Process of Individuation Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

69. What was the main difference between the theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler?

Answer: Freud focused more on sexual impulses and Adler focused more on the drive for power.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Topic: Alfred Adler Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts APA Learning Objective: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains.

70. Patrick is shy and cautious, and while the other kids play outside, he remains indoors. He watches the kids from his bedroom window, wishing he were cool enough to join them. According to Alfred Adler, what is Patrick suffering from?

Answer: Patrick probably has an inferiority complex, the belief that one is of lower status or weaker than others.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Alfred Adler Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

Essay Questions 71. What are some ways to examine the unconscious?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • By definition, people can’t directly report on their own unconscious.

• Identifying the operation of unconscious processes would therefore require indirect methods.

• Someone might be asked to engage in free association, and her or his responses could be analyzed.

• Projective tests, such as Rorschach inkblots, could be used to estimate unconscious desires.

• Measuring reaction time to words or images can provide a window into unconsciousness.

• The process of transference also reveals mental content hidden from the conscious mind.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

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72. How did the originators of psychodynamic and neo-analytic theory conduct personality science?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Psychodynamic and neo-analytic thinkers did not conduct personality science in the same way researchers do today.

• Psychodynamic theory used a “big-picture” approach to understand personality, relying far less on empirical data than modern personality researchers do.

• The goal was to develop large theoretical models that could explain a wide range of clinical observations. Many concepts of the psychodynamic theory are difficult to measure because people cannot just report on their unconscious.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: None Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

73. You and your friend are debating the contributions of Sigmund Freud and the neo-analytic theorists. Your friend says those ideas were sexist, lacked scientific foundation, and were just plain wrong. You say that their ideas are important for several reasons. What are some of the reasons you will use in your debate?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • The psychodynamic school included many “big-picture” theorists, and their intellectual boldness is something to admire.

• Many of the ideas described by Freud and others are pervasive in today’s culture.

• Freud’s work was generative, leading to other research.

• Many modern topics, from self-control to narcissism, have deep roots in psychoanalytic theory.

• Admittedly, psychodynamic and neo-analytic thinkers explored ideas that are difficult to measure, even with today’s technological advances.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: An Overview of Psychodynamic Theories Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

74. Where does the super-ego come from?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Babies are born with an id but not with a super-ego.

• Children must learn right and wrong, and what is considered right and wrong differs from one place to another and from one time to another.

• The super-ego consists of the rules of the culture in which a person was raised, and it develops over time.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Structural Model Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

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75. What is the difference between the Oedipus complex and the Electra complex?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • The Oedipus complex, coined by Sigmund Freud, is the male child’s love for his mother and the wish for his father’s death during the phallic stage.

• The Electra complex, coined by Carl Jung, is the female child’s love for her father and the wish for her mother’s death.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Freudian Theory of Psychosexual Development Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

76. You keep a journal of your dreams and are interested in understanding what your dreams tell you about your subconscious. What did Sigmund Freud think about the importance of dream interpretation?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Freud believed that dreams are the “royal road” to understanding the unconscious, a place where unconscious wishes express themselves in disguised form.

• Interpreting what dreams mean is the key.

• Freud thought that dreams could not be understood from the content on the surface but that one had to look for hidden meaning.

• This is the distinction between manifest content and latent content.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Dreams: How We Access the Unconscious Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

77. Explain how denial and repression differ from one another.

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Denial involves not acknowledging unconscious content.

• Repression involves keeping unconscious impulses or wishes completely out of the consciousness.

• It differs from denial because in denial, someone acknowledges the possibility of the impulses and then discards them; in repression, people are not aware of the impulses.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Mechanisms of Defense Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

78. What empirical evidence has been found to support the existence of defense mechanisms?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Empirical research has found some evidence for some of the defense mechanisms.

• However, the defenses are often under different names and work in somewhat different ways than Freud proposed.

• There is considerable evidence for reaction formation and denial, and some for projection, but little for displacement or sublimation.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: The Mechanisms of Defense Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and explain criticisms of Freudian theories.

Skill Level: Analyze It APA Learning Objective: 2.1 Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena.

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79. What is the difference between Sigmund Freud’s and Carl Jung’s beliefs regarding the self?

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Freud saw the ego as the center of the psyche.

• Jung believed the self was at the core of personality, with the ego orbiting around it.

• Jung thought of the ego as the “earth” and the self as the “sun.”

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Jung Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

80. Describe the three techniques that Karen Horney developed for coping with anxiety, and provide an example of each.

Answer: A good answer would include the following key points: • Horney developed a model of personality that focuses on coping with anxiety using one of three techniques: 1. Moving toward, or connecting with others as a way of reducing anxiety. Someone who is anxious about her or his social skills might join a weekly reading group as a way of reducing social anxiety.

2. Moving against, or exploitativeness and aggressiveness to gain control in a competitive world. A businessperson fearful of losing her or his management position might actively sabotage other managers in key positions as a way of maintaining control.

3. Moving away, or trying to find peace by avoiding others and escaping conflict. A person might decide that the anxieties of the world are too many to deal with directly and therefore “resign” from life by living simply in a cabin in the woods.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Topic: Karen Horney Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Skill Level: Apply What You Know APA Learning Objective: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.

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Revel Quiz Questions The following questions appear at the end of each module and at the end of the chapter in Revel for Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e.

End of Module Quiz 6.1 An Overview of Psychodynamic Theories EOM Q6.1.1 In psychodynamic theory, the unconscious mind is the __________. a) thoughts and feelings we are not aware of b) part of our mind within our awareness Consider This: The unconscious mind is a critical component to psychodynamic theory. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) Mind’s ego Consider This: The unconscious mind is a critical component to psychodynamic theory. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) determining factor in our sexuality Consider This: The unconscious mind is a critical component to psychodynamic theory. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOM Q6.1.2 Psychodynamic approaches focus on the interaction and conflict between which of the following? a) the conscious and the unconscious mind b) the ego and the superego Consider This: The “dynamic” part of the psychodynamic approach focuses on this. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) women and men Consider This: The “dynamic” part of the psychodynamic approach focuses on this. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) nature and nurture Consider This: The “dynamic” part of the psychodynamic approach focuses on this. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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EOM Q6.1.3 Which of the following statements is correct about many of the ideas described by Freud? a) Many of the ideas described by Freud are pervasive in popular culture. b) Psychodynamic ideas have only influenced personality psychology.

Consider This: When asked to name a famous psychologist, most people would say Sigmund Freud. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) Freud’s ideas have only marginally impacted Western culture.

Consider This: When asked to name a famous psychologist, most people would say Sigmund Freud. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) All personality psychologists use Freud’s ideas as a starting point for their work.

Consider This: When asked to name a famous psychologist, most people would say Sigmund Freud. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOM Q6.1.4 What was the goal of psychodynamic and neo-analytic thinkers? a) The goal was to develop large theoretical models that could explain a wide range of clinical observations. b) The goal was primarily to systematically collect as much data as possible to support their theories.

Consider This: They used a “big picture approach.” LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) The goal was to determine the best way to empirically measure all psychodynamic concepts.

Consider This: They used a “big picture approach.” LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) The goal was to ask as many people as possible about their unconscious thinking to create a database of information.

Consider This: They used a “big picture approach.” LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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EOM Q6.1.5 Which field attempts to find evidence for psychodynamic processes through brain scans? a) psychodynamic neuroscience b) Freudian neuroscience Consider This: This is a fascinating new field. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) personality neo-analysis Consider This: This is a fascinating new field. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) attachment theory Consider This: This is a fascinating new field. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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End of Module Quiz 6.2 Freud’s Models of the Mind EOM Q6.2.1 Ashley’s therapist uses the psychodynamic approach. In her last session, her therapist asked her to simply talk about whatever comes to her mind. This psychodynamic technique is known as which of the following? a) free association b) analytic thinking Consider This: Josef Breuer first tried this technique with Anna O. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) motivated talking Consider This: Josef Breuer first tried this technique with Anna O. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) projective conversation Consider This: Josef Breuer first tried this technique with Anna O. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know EOM Q6.2.2 The id, ego, and superego make up the __________. a) structural model of the mind b) topographical model of the mind Consider This: In Freud’s earlier model, the id, ego, and super-ego spanned across levels of the conscious and unconscious. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) unconscious Consider This: In Freud’s earlier model, the id, ego, and super-ego spanned across levels of the conscious and unconscious. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) preconscious Consider This: In Freud’s earlier model, the id, ego, and super-ego spanned across levels of the conscious and unconscious. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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EOM Q6.2.3 What was the main concept behind Freud’s theory of developmental stages? a) As the child develops, the libido attaches to different parts of the body. b) Wish fulfillment is the driving force of development.

Consider This: This is related to sexual psychic energy. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. c) The day residue builds up through each developmental stage.

Consider This: This is related to sexual psychic energy. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. d) The talking cure is needed to advance to different developmental stages.

Consider This: This is related to sexual psychic energy. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It EOM Q6.2.4 Even though it appears that he needs to use the bathroom, when Tommy’s parents ask him if he wants to use the “potty,” he says no. What did Freud call people when they gained pleasure from retaining their bowels? a) anal retentive b) anal expulsive Consider This: Freud believed that this early experience of power and self-control stays with them into adulthood. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. c) anal fixated Consider This: Freud believed that this early experience of power and self-control stays with them into adulthood. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. d) anal dormant Consider This: Freud believed that this early experience of power and self-control stays with them into adulthood. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know EOM Q6.2.5 What was Freud’s term for the treatment of hysteria? a) talking cure b) anal expulsive Consider This: Freud used free association. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) dream interpretation Consider This: Freud used free association. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) defense mechanisms Consider This: Freud used free association. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

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End of Module Quiz 6.3 Mechanisms of Defense EOM Q6.3.1 In psychodynamic theory, what is a defense mechanism? a) a psychological process that keeps us from experiencing some causes of suffering b) a biological reflex to avoid injury Consider This: These affect our conscious experiences. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) a process by which we evaluate the conscious mind Consider This: These affect our conscious experiences. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) a physiological process that automatically prompts regret Consider This: These affect our conscious experiences. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOM Q6.3.2 Jorge has a crush on Julie who is dating his best friend, which makes him feel guilty, so he frequently says mean and insulting things to her. What defense mechanism best describes his behavior? a) reaction formation b) projection Consider This: In this defense mechanism, people do the opposite of their true feelings. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) displacement Consider This: In this defense mechanism, people do the opposite of their true feelings. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) humor Consider This: In this defense mechanism, people do the opposite of their true feelings. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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EOM Q6.3.3 The defense mechanism of __________ involves keeping unconscious impulses or wishes completely out of consciousness, whereas __________ involves not acknowledging the unconscious content at all. a) repression; denial b) projection; repression Consider This: With these defense mechanisms, people are not aware of the impulses or do not acknowledge them. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) reaction formation; repression Consider This: With these defense mechanisms, people are not aware of the impulses or do not acknowledge them. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) denial; reaction formation Consider This: With these defense mechanisms, people are not aware of the impulses or do not acknowledge them. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It EOM Q6.3.4 Adam really wants to go on a date with Cara, but is afraid that she doesn’t like him. He exhibits defensive pessimism by telling himself __________. a) he won’t be too upset if she says no b) he will be crushed if she turns him down Consider This: Adam has prepared himself for the worst. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) that he doesn’t really like her anyway Consider This: Adam has prepared himself for the worst. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) he doesn’t think she could refuse going out with him Consider This: Adam has prepared himself for the worst. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It EOM Q6.3.5 Logan likes to use puns when talking with others to make them laugh. He is using the __________ humor style. a) affiliative b) self-enhancing Consider This: This humor style tends to bring people together. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) aggressive Consider This: This humor style tends to bring people together. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) self-defeating Consider This: This humor style tends to bring people together. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

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End of Module Quiz 6.4 Jung EOM Q6.4.1 According to Jung, the __________ is filled with psychological structures called archetypes that are universal across cultures and time. a) collective unconscious b) superego Consider This: These are shared by all people. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) preconscious Consider This: These are shared by all people. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) shadow Consider This: These are shared by all people. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOM Q6.4.2 According to Jung, your dark side is considered your __________. a) shadow b) superego Consider This: This is similar to the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) ego Consider This: This is similar to the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) masculine side Consider This: This is similar to the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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EOM Q6.4.3 Freud saw the ego as the center of the psyche, whereas Jung believed that __________. a) the Self was at the core, with the ego orbiting the Self b) the Self and the ego were one Consider This: The mandala is a classic representation of this on Jungian theory. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) the Self was a square and the ego was a circle Consider This: The mandala is a classic representation of this on Jungian theory. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) the ego was at the core, with the Self on the outside Consider This: The mandala is a classic representation of this on Jungian theory. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It EOM Q6.4.4 What are the two primary attitudes of the ego, according to Jung? a) extraversion vs. introversion b) bravery vs. cowardice Consider This: Many people take a personality questionnaire modeled on Jung’s ideas called the Myers– Briggs Type Indicator. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) thinking vs. feeling Consider This: Many people take a personality questionnaire modeled on Jung’s ideas called the Myers– Briggs Type Indicator. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) masculine vs. feminine Consider This: Many people take a personality questionnaire modeled on Jung’s ideas called the Myers– Briggs Type Indicator. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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EOM Q6.4.5 The Jungian process of individuation is that of __________. a) changing the center of your universe from your ego to the Self b) becoming narcissistic Consider This: For Jung, this process takes place in relation to a “hero’s journey.” LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) isolating feeling from logic Consider This: For Jung, this process takes place in relation to a “hero’s journey.” LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) regressing in maturity Consider This: For Jung, this process takes place in relation to a “hero’s journey.” LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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End of Module Quiz 6.5 Adler, Horney, and Object Relations Theory EOM Q6.5.1 Which theorist suggested that some people suffer from an “inferiority complex”? a) Alfred Adler b) Karen Horney Consider This: This is the belief that one is of lower status and weaker than others. There are a number of defense mechanisms in psychodynamic theory. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) Carl Jung Consider This: This is the belief that one is of lower status and weaker than others. There are a number of defense mechanisms in psychodynamic theory. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) Sigmund Freud Consider This: This is the belief that one is of lower status and weaker than others. There are a number of defense mechanisms in psychodynamic theory. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts EOM Q6.5.2 One of Horney’s most notable critiques was of Freud’s idea of __________, which she thought was significantly exaggerated. a) penis envy b) stages of development Consider This: She argued instead that men had a strong desire to be able to give birth. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) id Consider This: She argued instead that men had a strong desire to be able to give birth. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) defense mechanisms Consider This: She argued instead that men had a strong desire to be able to give birth. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOM Q6.5.3 Horney developed a model of personality that focused on three techniques, including __________, or trying to find peace by avoiding others. a) moving away b) moving against Consider This: This technique helps to escape conflict. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) moving towards Consider This: This technique helps to escape conflict. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) moving inwards Consider This: This technique helps to escape conflict. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOM Q6.5.4 What is the main focus of object relations theory? a) Object relations theory focuses on understanding individuals by examining how they think about other people. b) Object relations theory focuses on understanding individuals by examining how they think about themselves.

Consider This: This school of thought led to an emphasis on understanding relationships central to psychology and personality. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) Object relations theory focuses on understanding the sexual objects of an individual’s desire.

Consider This: This school of thought led to an emphasis on understanding relationships central to psychology and personality. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) Object relations theory focuses on understanding society.

Consider This: This school of thought led to an emphasis on understanding relationships central to psychology and personality. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOM Q6.5.5 In object relations theory, the __________ is the lack of connection between the child and mother that can impact adult relationships in the future. a) basic fault b) split-object image Consider This: Object relations theory emphasizes that early relationships can have long-term influences.

LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) object integration Consider This: Object relations theory emphasizes that early relationships can have long-term influences.

LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) moving toward Consider This: Object relations theory emphasizes that early relationships can have long-term influences.

LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

Chapter Quiz: Psychodynamic Approaches EOC Q6.1 What is the primary difference between the conscious and unconscious mind? a) The unconscious mind is the part outside of our usual awareness; the conscious mind is the part we are aware of. b) The unconscious mind is the part we are aware of; the conscious mind is the part we are not aware of.

Consider This: The interaction of the conflict between the two is considered to be the “dynamic” in psychodynamic. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) The unconscious mind is our mind when asleep but not dreaming; the conscious mind is our mind when asleep and also dreaming.

Consider This: The interaction of the conflict between the two is considered to be the “dynamic” in psychodynamic. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) The unconscious mind is our mind when asleep and dreaming; the conscious mind is our mind when asleep but not dreaming.

Consider This: The interaction of the conflict between the two is considered to be the “dynamic” in psychodynamic. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOC Q6.2 What is a primary difference between the psychodynamic theorists and the way personality psychology is conducted today? a) Personality psychology today relies far more on empirical research. b) Personality psychology today relies much more on anecdotal evidence.

Consider This: Testable evidence is a hallmark of most scientific fields today. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) Psychodynamic thinkers collaborated more than researchers do today.

Consider This: Testable evidence is a hallmark of most scientific fields today. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) Personality psychology today relies only on self-reports.

Consider This: Testable evidence is a hallmark of most scientific fields today. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.3 What does it mean to say Freud’s work was generative? a) It generated a lot of scientific research. b) We still read about it across generations.

Consider This: Freud’s theories are also considered foundational. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. c) It was generated based on empirical research.

Consider This: Freud’s theories are also considered foundational. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches. d) It generated a lot of controversy.

Consider This: Freud’s theories are also considered foundational. LO 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss some of the basic concepts that are common to the various psychodynamic approaches.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It EOC Q6.4 Your friend tells you that Freud’s topographical model of the mind consists of the id and the ego. What would you tell your friend to correct this mistake? a) The topographical model consists of the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind. b) The topographical model consists of the shadow, the anima, and the animus.

Consider This: This model consists of three elements fundamental to Freud’s psychodynamic theory. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) The topographical model consists of the id, the ego, and also the superego.

Consider This: This model consists of three elements fundamental to Freud’s psychodynamic theory. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) The topographical model consists of unconscious lows and conscious highs.

Consider This: This model consists of three elements fundamental to Freud’s s psychodynamic theory. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know EOC Q6.5 The unconscious mind is typically governed by the __________. a) pleasure principle b) will to power Consider This: The id is part of the unconscious mind. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) logic and reason Consider This: The id is part of the unconscious mind. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) conscious mind Consider This: The id is part of the unconscious mind. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.6 What part of your mind, according to Freud, would be responsible for a “Freudian” slip? a) id b) conscious Consider This: Freudian slips are also known as slips of the tongue. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. c) ego Consider This: Freudian slips are also known as slips of the tongue. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality. d) superego Consider This: Freudian slips are also known as slips of the tongue. LO 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2 Compare Freud’s topographical and structural models of personality.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOC Q6.7 Freud’s version of a life force is the __________. a) libido b) id Consider This: This term comes from the Latin for lust or desire. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. c) shadow Consider This: This term comes from the Latin for lust or desire. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. d) anima Consider This: This term comes from the Latin for lust or desire. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts EOC Q6.8 According to Freud, what occurs during the Oedipus complex? a) Sons become sexually attracted to their mothers and view their fathers as rivals. b) Daughters become sexually attracted to their fathers and view their mothers as rivals.

Consider This: This is said to occur during the phallic stage. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. c) Sons become sexually attracted to their fathers and view their mothers as rivals.

Consider This: This is said to occur during the phallic stage. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development. d) Brothers become sexually attracted to their sisters and view their parents as rivals.

Consider This: This is said to occur during the phallic stage. LO 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the stages of psychosexual development.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.9 Molly has a dream that she’s being chased by a dog. Her therapist tells her that the dogs are a symbol of the fear she has about her upcoming college entrance exams. Being anxious about her entrance exams is, in psychodynamic terms, the dream’s __________. a) latent content b) manifest content Consider This: This is the underlying meaning of the dream. LO 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory. c) acknowledged content Consider This: This is the underlying meaning of the dream. LO 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory. d) idealized content Consider This: This is the underlying meaning of the dream. LO 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Discuss the relevance of dream interpretation in psychodynamic theory.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know EOC Q6.10 When Senator Smith first took office, he was vocal in denouncing homosexuality and equal rights for gays and lesbians. Years later, he revealed he was gay. What defense mechanism might Senator Smith have been experiencing initially? a) reaction formation b) denial Consider This: This mechanism is characterized by acting in the opposite of the unconscious. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) repression Consider This: This mechanism is characterized by acting in the opposite of the unconscious. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) projection Consider This: This mechanism is characterized by acting in the opposite of the unconscious. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.11 Which of the following defense mechanisms involves turning unconscious unacceptable desires into something constructive? a) sublimation b) reaction formation Consider This: Someone who has an unconscious desire to cut people might become a surgeon. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. c) repression Consider This: Someone who has an unconscious desire to cut people might become a surgeon. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories. d) denial Consider This: Someone who has an unconscious desire to cut people might become a surgeon. LO 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.3 Evaluate the defense mechanisms and the criticisms of Freudian theories.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts EOC Q6.12 Samantha is normally a very reserved person, who studies all of the time and keeps to herself. She went to a party one weekend, however, and danced all night. Jung would say this other side of Samantha is her __________. a) shadow b) superego Consider This: This Jungian concept has some overlap with the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) anima Consider This: This Jungian concept has some overlap with the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) true self Consider This: This Jungian concept has some overlap with the Freudian id. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.13 For Jung, the anima and animus is __________. a) the other sex inside of ourselves b) our light and dark selves Consider This: This is a Jungian archetype. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. c) the same as Freud’s conscious and unconscious Consider This: This is a Jungian archetype. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology. d) the precursor to object relations theory Consider This: This is a Jungian archetype. LO 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.4 Describe the theories of Carl Jung and where Jungian ideas appear in modern psychology.

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts EOC Q6.14 According to Adler, some people will __________, or react against, a perceived inferiority by behaving as if they were strong and powerful. a) compensate for b) move toward Consider This: From Adler’s perspective, everyone has a drive for power, but everyone also has challenges expressing that power. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) move away from Consider This: From Adler’s perspective, everyone has a drive for power, but everyone also has challenges expressing that power. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) integrate Consider This: From Adler’s perspective, everyone has a drive for power, but everyone also has challenges expressing that power. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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Test Bank for Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2nd Edition, Jean M Twenge/Campbell; Personality Psychology: Understanding Yourself and Others, 2e

EOC Q6.15 Object relations theory focused on how our relationships with others affected our personality, whereas __________ questioned psychoanalysis and its emphasis on childhood as a source of neurosis. a) Karen Horney b) Alfred Adler Consider This: This theorist also challenged Freud’s assertions about girls suffering from penis envy. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. c) Carl Jung Consider This: This theorist also challenged Freud’s assertions about girls suffering from penis envy. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory. d) Sigmund Freud Consider This: This theorist also challenged Freud’s assertions about girls suffering from penis envy. LO 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 6.5 Discuss the importance of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and the object relations theorists in the history and development of personality theory.

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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