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Chapter 13: Community Development Block Pooh 1. Data TABLE NO:10 HORTICULTUR E CROPS Almond Apple Apricot/ Chuli Chilgoza Grapes Pears Walnut
AREA
4 393.5 16.5 3 0.5 16 0.5
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROV ED) LOCAL IMPRO % VED% 66.67 33.33 5 95 75 25 100 0 100 0 0 100 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRI GATE IRRIGA TED% 33.33 95 37.5 0 100 100 0
UNIRRIG ATED% 66.67 5 62.5 100 0 0 100
MEAN FYM 4.33 26.29 3.12 0 0 0.5 0
MEAN YIELD 3 8.49 1.7 0.67 2 1.56 4
MEAN SALE 5737.5 26097.5 11045.45 26666.67 8000 1125 16000
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES%
NO%
100 65 0 0 100 0 0
0 35 100 100 0 100 100
PESTICIDES YES% 100 97.5 12.5 0 100 0 0
NO% 0 2.5 87.5 100 0 100 100
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
GOVT.%
NO%
YES%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
33.33 80 25 0 0 50 0
NO% 66.67 20 75 100 100 50 100
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS Barley Fafra Kadu Maize Mustard Ogla Potato Rajmash Wheat
AREA 56 12 3.5 33.25 2 16.5 39.5 55 38
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% 81.25 18.75 77.78 22.22 100 0 80 20 100 0 80 20 84.62 15.38 90.62 9.38 80 20
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
5.09 2.56 5.75 6.76 0.5 2.05 4.98 4.42 7
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
1.53 1 0.74 1.49 0.55 1.09 2.51 0.89 1.49
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 46.88 53.12 55.56 44.44 50 50 86.67 13.33 100 0 50 50 50 50 56.25 43.75 90 10
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TABLE NO:12 VEGETABLE CROPS
AREA
Brinjal Cabbage Capsicum Cauliflower French Beans Garlic Muli Onion Palak Peas Tomato
3.15 10.5 5.2 33.8 4.1 1.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 77.2 7.6
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 92.31 7.69 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
0.5 1.1 0.92 1.04 3.05 1.1 1 1.35 1 6.65 1.5
0.32 0.1 0.19 0.03 0.98 0 0 1.25 0 158.32 0.26
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 14.29 85.71 44.44 55.56 21.43 78.57 44 56 25 75 40 60 100 0 50 50 100 0 42.31 57.69 66.67 33.33
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 85.71 14.29 66.67 33.33 92.86 7.14 68 32 75 25 60 40 0 100 100 0 0 100 61.54 38.46 53.33 46.67
TABLE NO:13 LIVES STOCKS
NO OF LIVES
HEALTH CARE YES%
Buffalo Bullocks Cows Donkeys/ Mules Goat Heifers Horse/ Ponnies Sheep Yak/ Churu
NO%
NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATURAL BOTH AI% NO% % % 100 0 0 0 16.67 0 0 83.33 27.27 60.61 9.09 3.03
BREED LOCAL IMPROVED % % 100 0 100 0 87.88 12.12
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH STALL GRAZ BOTH No% % ING% % 100 0 0 0 16.67 50 33.33 0 72.73 12.12 15.15 0
MEAN CONCE NTRATE FED
MEAN LACTA TION
MEAN YIELD
2 0.25 2
600 0 410.61
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES%
NO%
3000 0 1637.58
100 66.67 75.76
0 33.33 24.24
2 9 53
0 16.67 30.3
100 83.33 69.7
20 123 3
14.29 38.46 0
85.71 61.54 100
85.71 92.31 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
14.29 7.69 100
100 100 100
0 0 0
0 0 0
85.71 61.54 100
14.29 38.46 0
0 0 0
2.07 0.62 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
42.86 46.15 100
57.14 53.85 0
4 336
0 26.09
100 73.91
100 91.3
0 0
0 0
0 8.7
100 100
0 0
0 0
100 69.57
0 30.43
0 0
1 0.57
0 0
0 0
50 60.87
50 39.13
3
0
100
33.33
0
0
66.67
100
0
0
100
0
0
0.08
0
0
100
0
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 13 Page No: TABLE NO :14 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES GENERAL% SC% ST% OBC % GENERAL% SC% ST% PANDIT % YES% NO% YES% NO% YES% NO% MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% NO% YES% NO% TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% DEGREE% +TWO% MATRIC% MIDDLE% PRIMARY% ILLITRATE% SERVICE AGRI/HOTI LABOUR MISC
CAST CATEGORY(HINDU)
CAST CATEGORY(BUDDISHT)
ELECTRICITY CONNECTION MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE TAP WATER TOILET NO OF FAMILY MEMBER
EDUCATION(MALE)
EDUCATION(FEMALE)
ANNUAL INCOME TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
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40 12.5 2.5 2.5 0 60 7.5 12.5 2.5 100 0 100 0 87.5 12.5 1.25 100 0 100 0 148 137 18.92 18.92 15.54 14.86 25.68 6.08 13.14 21.17 9.48 10.95 21.9 23.36 3334000 10010080 235000 1130850 367748.3
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TABLE NO:14(A)
MAHILA MANDAL % 47.5
YOUTH CLUB % 2.5
SHG % 2.5
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MAHILA VICE GRAM MANDAL PRESIDENT SABHA /YOUTH RASANG MEMBER CLUB % PANCHAYAT 2.5 2.5 2.5
MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE
SOURCE OF BORROWING
SAMAJ SUDHARAK
ANY OTHER %
NO%
PRIVATE%
NO%
GOVT.
BANK%
COOP %
BANK/RELATIVES%
FRIENDS %
ANY OTHER %
2.5
2.5
35
97.5
0
2.5
95
2.5
2.5
0
0
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER Fuel Fodder
REQUIREMENT % YES% 97.5 87.5
FUEL SOURCE Forest/Gas LPG LPG,Forest
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING Khaddi No
AVALIBILITY%
NO%
SOURCE TO COVER GAP % 7.5 12.5 80
2.5 12.5
GAP % 30.25 44.12
FODDER SOURCE BL/Forest Forest Forest, Purchase No Private Land Private, Purchase Purchase Self Land
INTERESTED No Bee Keeping,Khaddi,Poultry,Mushroom
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
67.12 38.38
SOURCE TO COVER GAP % 2.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 2.5 2.5 37.5 2.5
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2. Analysis District Community Development Block
Kinnaur Pooh
The socio-economic conditions of Pooh block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Budhist Hindu
82.50 17.50
General ST SC
62.50 12.50 7.50
Category (Budhist)
Category (Hindu) General 12.50 SC 2.50 ST 2.50 It can be observed from the Table-1 that in the study area the majority of the population was Budhist with 82.50 percentages followed by Hindu with 17.50 percentage. As far as caste category amongst Budhist was concerned general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 62.50 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled tribe category (12.50 per cent). Out of the total sampled households the SC category constituted 7.50 percent. The table further reveals that amongst Hindu the majority of population was of general category (12.50) followed by Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe category with 2.50 percentage in each category. Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level
Family level
Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Yes 100.00 87.50 1.25 K.M.* 100.00 100.00 100.00
(Per cent) NO 0.00 12.50
0.00 0.00 0.00
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that all the villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages were concerned 87.50 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 1.25 K.M. to get medical help. Table further indicates that all the households were having water connection, electricity connection and toilet facility in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 148 Female 137 Total 285 Average size of family 7.12 Sex ratio* 925 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 7.12 members and sex ratio in the study area was 925. Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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Table: 4
123
Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent)
Educational Level Male Female Illiterate 6.08 23.16 Primary 25.68 21.60 Middle 14.86 11.45 Matriculate 15.54 9.48 Sr. Secondary 18.92 21.17 Degree 18.92 13.14 Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. As far as literacy of the family members was concerned it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (21.60 per cent) had their education up to primary level. The proportion of the female population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 11.45, 9.48 and 21.17 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 13.14 per cent of the female population were having their education up to degree level. Among the male, majority of the population (25.68 per cent) were having education up to primary level. About 50.00 percent of male population had gone beyond primary level but there were only 18.92 per cent degree holder among the male sampled population. Table: 5
Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10
Sr. No 1.
Particulars Horticulture/Agriculture
2.
Service
3.
Miscellaneous
4.
Labour Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 250252 (68.05) 83350 (22.66) 28271 (7.69) 5875 (1.60) 367748 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were horticulture/agriculture, service and miscellaneous. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 3, 67,748. The major source of annual family income was agriculture/horticulture. It contributed about 68.05 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 22.66 per cent. Miscellaneous was also one of the important sources of family income. Its contribution was 7.69 per cent. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (56.50) Mahila Mandal 47.50 Youth Club 5.00 Co-operatives 2.50 Self Help Groups 2.50 No Participation (43.50) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 56.50 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals, Youth Clubs, Co-operatives, and Self Help Groups with 47.50, 5.00, 2.50 & 2.50 percentages, respectively.
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Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 95.00 Government 2.50 Cooperatives 2.50 Table – 7 reveals that majority of the respondents (95.00 per cent) were selling their produce to private parties followed by Government and Cooperatives with 2.50 percentage in each category. Table: 8 Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Bank 95.00 Cooperative Society 2.50 Relatives 2.50 Friends 0.00 Any other 0.00 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (95.00 per cent) had taken loans from banks. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10 (Activities) Interested Bee Keeping, Poultry, Khaddi ,Mushroom
Existing Khaddi
Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Very rare income generating activities existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Bee Keeping, Poultry, Khaddi, and Mushroom. The first two activities (Bee Keeping and poultry) had more attention. Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 Requirement
Availability
Gap
Fuel
100
30.25
69.75
Fodder
87.50
40.00
60.00
(Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Forests (80.00) LPG (20.00)
Forest (52.00) Market (48.00) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on an average people were able to mange 30.25 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 52.00 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 60.00 per cent, majority of the people (52.00 per cent) were dependent on forests. Suggestions •
Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be strengthened.
•
Health sub-centres may be provided with proper building and staff.
•
Family planning campaign needs to be started at Gram Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal variation form the average of state.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from primary to middle and similar pattern is clearly visible for higher education.
•
In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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The education will not help in providing their participation in economic activities but also add to their productivity. •
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Keeping in view the active role played by women in home management special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.
•
Social participation should be encouraged. The participation in co-operatives, self help groups and youth clubs is very poor in study area. There is need to educate the people about these rural institutions and their functioning. They should also be motivated to participate in these rural institutions. During People Rural Appraisal technique it has come to notice that most of the people are not having knowledge about development activities. This can be taken care by enhancing their social participation.
•
Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet out this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap in fuel majority of people re dependent on forests for fuel wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source electrification.
•
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.
•
Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
•
In the study area major source of family income is agriculture/horticulture. Every farmer who wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over a long period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.
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3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK POOH Basic Statistics • •
No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land
9 ** 30 to 85%** 2901 ha** 91 %**
• • •
Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan •
• •
•
• • • •
•
•
Cost of maintenance of irrigation structures on 0.5% ha) @ Rs. 0.25 Lakh/ha)
100 % 100 % Rs. In Lakhs area (15 3.75
Cost of 1 % area (29 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (15 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (15 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** 0.5 % of area (15 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (9 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (15 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (9 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total
Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
2.90 2.25
9.00
16.03 17.25 26.64 15.00
2.25
14.60 1.73 5.00 116.40
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin