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Chapter 12: Community Development Block Nirmand 1. Data TABLE NO:10
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 72.88 27.12 100 0 100 0 33.33 66.67 100 0
AREA HORTICULTURE CROPS Almond Amrood Apple Apricot,chuli Lemon Plum Walnut
2 1.2 447.45 7.25 0.2 2 1
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% 0 100 66.67 33.33 13.56 86.44 12.5 87.5 100 0 33.33 66.67 50 50
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
0 2.33 39.89 0.19 1.5 3 0
1 2.5 4.18 1.66 0 1.5 1
MEAN SALE 3 11666.67 7742.74 10666.67 1500 5000 6000
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 54.24 45.76 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
PESTICIDES YES% NO% 0 100 33.33 66.67 93.22 6.78 0 100 0 100 33.33 66.67 50 50
SOURCE OF PLANT MATERIAL LOCAL% GOVT.% 100 0 100 0 98.31 1.69 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 100 0 0 100 40.68 59.32 62.5 37.5 0 100 0 100 0 100
TABLE NO:11 AGRICULTURE CROPS Barley kulth Maize Mustard Paddy Potato Rajmash Urd wheat
AREA 8.1 2 84 8 5 20 11.8 4 78.5
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% 11.11 88.89 0 100 21.43 78.57 0 100 33.33 66.67 23.53 76.47 7.14 92.86 16.67 83.33 26.09 73.91
MEAN FYM 4.33 4 14.91 15 6.33 3.24 2.68 1.83 17.52
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
MEAN YIELD 3.1 1.5 1.47 0.75 2.15 1.25 8.06 7.1 1.67
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 10.71 89.29 0 100 0 100 5.88 94.12 7.14 92.86 16.67 83.33 13.04 86.96
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TABLE NO:12 AREA
VEGETABLE CROPS Brinjal Cabbage Capsicum LadyFinger Peas
4 2 1 3 1
VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) LOCAL% IMPROVED% 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0
IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE IRRIGATED UNIRRIGATED 100 0 33.33 66.67 100 0 100 0 0 100
MEAN FYM
MEAN YIELD
3.83 4.67 3 4.5 6
2 1.5 2 1.67 1
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS YES% NO% 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE YES% NO% 33.33 66.67 0 100 100 0 50 50 0 100
TABLE NO:13 LIVE STOCK
NO OF LIVES
Bullocks Cows Sheep
20 60 21
HEALTH CARE YES%
NO %
36.36 14.63 0
63.64 85.37 100
NATURAL/AI SERVICE NATU RAL % 9.09 56.1 100
AI %
NO%
0 36.58 0
90.91 0 0
BOTH % 0 7.32 0
BREED IMPR LOCA OVED L% % 90.91 9.09 60.98 39.02 100 0
STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR BOTH GRAZ STALL BOTH ING NO% % % % 18.18 36.36 9.09 36.37 78.05 4.88 17.07 0 0 100 0 0
TABLE NO : 14
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
MEAN CONCE NTRATD
MEAN LACTA TION
0.64 6.6 160.33
0 369.51 0
MEAN YIELDS 0 2218.17 0
AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NO% 90.91 63.41 100
YES% 9.09 36.59 0
Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 12 Page No: NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES RELIGION GENERAL % OBC % SC % CAST CATEGORY ST YES% ELECTRICITY CONNECTION NO% YES% MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE NO% YES% NO% DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) YES% TAP WATER NO% YES% TOILET NO% TOTAL MALE NO OF FAMILY MEMBER TOTAL FEMALE DEGREE % +TWO % MATRIC % MIDDLE % PRIMARY % EDUCATION(MALE) ILLITRATE % DEGREE % +TWO % MATRIC % MIDDLE % PRIMARY % EDUCATION(FEMALE) ILLITRATE % SERVICE/PENTION AGRI/HOTI LABOUR ANNUAL INCOME MISC TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME
Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
45 HINDU 62.22 2.22 35.56 0 100 0 51.11 48.89 37.78 62.22 1.7 97.78 2.22 88.89 11.11 152 140 3.29 18.42 21.71 20.39 26.98 9.21 2.14 12.86 19.29 16.43 27.86 21.42 1265750 3665800 226500 266000 120534.4
111
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TABLE NO:14(A) SOCIAL PARTICIPATION SHG % YOUTH CLUB % 15.56 15.56
MAHILA MANDAL % 24.44
ANY OTHER % 4.44
NO % 40
PRIVATE % 97.78
MARKETING PATTERN OF PRODUCE GOVT. % CO-OPERATIVES % 0 0
NO % 2.22
SOURCE OF BORROWING BANK% CO-OP % FRIENDS % 86.67 2.22 11.11
FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT FUEL/FODDER FUEL FODDER
REQUIREMENTS YES % 100 100
NO% 0 0
AVAILABILTY %
GAP %
57.22 74.22
42.89 25
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES EXISTING Horticulture, Agriculture
FUEL SOURCE Forest Gas Gas, Forest Kerosene LPG LPG,Forest No
INTERESTED Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom,Poultry
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
SOURCE TO COVER GAP %
Forest No Private
68.89 13.33 17.78
MINOR FOREST PRODUCE (MFP) ANNUAL INCOME
EXISTING NAME No
FODDER SOURCE 24.44 22.22 2.22 2.22 4.44 42.22 2.24
0
SUGGESTION No
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2. Analysis District Community Development Block
Kulu Nirmand
The socio-economic conditions of Nirmand Block are summarized in the following tables. Table: 1
Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10. (Per cent)
Religion Hindu
100.00
Category General 62.22 OBC 2.22 SC 35.56 It can be observed from the Table-1 that in study area the percentage of Hindu was 100. As far as caste category was concerned, general category constituted the largest proportion accounting for 62.22 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste category (35.56 percent). The OBC constituted 2.22 percent of the total sampled households. Table: 2
Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.
Village Level Motorable road to village Health facility in a village Average distance to be covered to get medical facility Electricity connection Tap water connection Toilet facility
Family level
(Per cent) Yes NO 51.11 48.99 37.78 62.22 2.07 K.M.* 100.00 97.78 88.89
0.00 2.22 11.11
*Kilometre Table -2 exhibits that 51.11 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads. As far as health facilities in villages are concerned only 37.78 percent villages were having medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 2.07 KM to get medical help. Table further indicates that 2.22 per cent households were not having water connection and 11.11 per cent were going in open for defecation. As far as electricity connection is concerned all households were having electric connection in their houses. Table: 3
Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10. (Number)
Gender Male 152 Female 140 Total 292 Average size of family 6.48 Sex ratio* 921 *Number of females per thousand males The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on overall level, the average family consisted of 6.48 members. In the study area sex ratio was 921. Table: 4
Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10
Educational Level Illiterate Primary
(Per cent) Male 9.21 26.98 Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
Female 21.42 27.86
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Middle Matriculate Sr. Secondary Degree
20.39 21.71 18.42 3.29
114
16.43 19.29 12.86 2.14
Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area. Regarding the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of the females (27.86 per cent) had their education up to primary level. The proportion of the female population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 16.43, 19.29 and 12.86 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the table that only 2.14 per cent of the female population were having their education up to degree level. Among the male population, 26.98 per cent were having education up to primary level. The proportion of the male population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary standards was 20.39, 21.71 and 18.42 per cent, respectively. The percentage of male population having their education up to degree level was only 3.29. Table: 5 Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10 Sr. No 1.
Particulars Service
2.
Horticulture/Agriculture
3.
Labour
4.
Miscellaneous Total
(Average) Annual family Income (Rs.) 28127 (23.33) 81462 (67.59) 5033 (4.18) 5911 (4.90) 120533 (100.00)
Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages. In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in the study area were horticulture/agriculture and service. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs. 1, 20,533. The major source of annual family income was agriculture/horticulture. It contributed 67.59 per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was service, as it contributed about 23.33 per cent. Labour was also an important source of family income. Its contribution was 4.18 per cent. Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Participation (60.05) Co-operatives 4.44 Youth Club 12.65 Mahila Mandal 24.44 Self Help Groups 18.52 No Participation (39.95) Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall only 60.05 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals, Self Help Groups, Youth Clubs and Co-operatives with 24.44, 18.52, 12.65 & 4.44 percentages, respectively. Table: 7
Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Private 97.78 Government 2.22 Cooperatives 0.00 Table – 7 reveals that majority of the respondents (97.78 per cent) were selling their Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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produce to private parties followed by Government with 2.22 percentages, respectively. Table: 8
Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Bank 86.67 Cooperative Society 2.22 Friends & Relatives 11.11 Any other 0.00 The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The majority of the respondents (86.67 per cent) had taken loans from banks. About 11 per cent of people had borrowed loans from relatives and friends. The table further reveals that 2.22 per cent of households had taken loan from cooperative societies. Table: 9
Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10
(Activities) Interested Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom, Poultry Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people were interested for future. Very rare income generating activities existed in the study area, but the people showed interest in Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Fishery, Khaddi, Mushroom & Poultry. The mushroom and poultry had more attention. Existing Sewing
Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10 (Per cent) Sources to cover gap by household Fuel 100 57.28 42.72 Forests (55.56) LPG (42.22) Kerosene (2.22) Fodder 100 74.22 25.78 Forest (68.89) Market (31.11) Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It can be seen from the table that on average people were able to manage 57.28 percent fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 55.56 per cent households were dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 25.78 percent, majority of the people (68.89 per cent) were dependent on forests. Requirement
Availability
Gap
Suggestions • Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be developed and strengthened. •
Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram Panchayat level.
•
Family planning and health education campaign needs to be started at Gram Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal variation from the average of state.
•
The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from primary to middle and similar pattern is clearly visible for higher education except middle to matriculation.
•
In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education. The education will help in providing their participation in economic activities and add to their productivity.
•
The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Girls often have to drop out of school to assist their mothers. This reinforces gender roles Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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and denies girls access to education. Keeping in view the active role played by women in maintaining and improving the wellbeing of their families and the whole society, special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated. Increasing literacy rates are preconditions for and expressions of a fundamental cultural change that brings empowerment and new responsibilities. •
Social participation should be encouraged. Special funds should be given to Mahila Mandals, Youth Clubs to bring about all round development of women and rural youth. People should be encouraged to establish self help groups for their own networking and empowerment through group-building. During People Rural Appraisal it has come to notice that most of the people are not having knowledge about development activities. This can be taken care be enhancing their social participation.
•
Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this respect.
•
The banks already working in the study area has to gain more confidence among local people. People still prefer to borrow money from relatives and friends. Bank people are required to establish rapport with villagers to win their confidence.
•
In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.
•
There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from forests. To meet this gap new species of fodder trees , grasses and improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization application) should be popularized.
•
To cover the gap in fuel majority of people are dependent on forests for fuel wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy, bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and more eco-friendly source of electrification.
•
Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.
•
Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Fuel wood saving devices like improved chullas should be introduced.
•
Major source of income in study area is agriculture/horticulture. Every farmer that wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors. Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the average microentrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over along period of time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.
•
To improve the livestock output, farmers should be provided with free or highly livestock subsidized livestock services, especially when it comes to animal health. Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin
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3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK NIRMAND Basic Statistics • •
No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment Range of general slope of land
• • •
Farmers' owned land area Irrigated area Fodder supply against demand* • Green fodder • Dry fodder Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan •
• •
•
• • • •
•
•
•
18 ** 25 to 90 %** 7426 ha** < 5 %** 16 % 38 % Rs. In Lakhs
Cost of 0.5% additional area(37 ha) to be brought under irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)
37.00
Cost of 1 % area (74 ha) to be brought under organic farming (@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)*** Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (37 ha) @ Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)*** Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (37 ha) @ Rs. 60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)*** 0.5 % of area (37 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per ha)**** One Community Water Storage Tank for 10 hectare command area in each Block*** One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (18 Nos.) @ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond**** 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (37 ha ) to be brought under grassland improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)***** Fodder cultivation****** i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 30 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 30 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (18 Nos.) @ Rs. 25,000/= per centre****** Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads 1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day 2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per attendant 3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures Total
Source * ** *** **** ***** ******
7.40 5.55
22.20
39.55 17.25 53.28 37.00
5.74 6.84 4.50
14.60 1.73 5.00 257.64
Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office NERIL Survey Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P. Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms Mid Himalayan Project norms Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin